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SMITHSONIAN IN STITUTION 
UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM REP 


PROCEEDINGS 


OF THE 


UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


VOLUME, 88 


UNITED STATES 
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 
WASHINGTON ; 1942 


ADVERTISEMENT 


The scientific publications of the National Museum include two 
series, known, respectively, as Proceedings and Bulletin. 

The Proceedings series, begun in 1878, is intended primarily as a 
medium for the publication of original papers, based on the collec- 
tions of the National Museum, that set forth newly acquired facts 
in biology, anthropology, and geology, with descriptions of new 
forms and revisions of limited groups. Copies of each paper, in 
pamphlet form, are distributed as published to libraries and scientific 
organizations and to specialists and others interested in the different 
subjects. The dates at which these separate papers are published are 
recorded in the table of contents of each of the volumes. 

The present volume is the eighty-eighth of this series. 

The series of Bulletins, the first of which was issued in 1875, con- 
tains separate publications comprising monographs of large zoologi- 
cal groups and other general systematic treatises (occasionally in 
several volumes), faunal works, reports of expeditions, catalogs of 
type specimens, special collections, and other material of similar 
nature. The majority of the volumes are octavo in size, but a 
quarto size has been adopted in a few instances in which large plates 
were regarded as indispensable. In the Bulletin series appear vol- 
umes under the heading Contributions from the United States Na- 
tional Herbarium, in octavo form, published by the National Museum 
since 1902, which contain papers relating to the botanical collections 
of the Museum. 

ALEXANDER WETMORE, 
Assistant Secretary, Smithsonian Institution. 


Wasuineton, D. C., July 15, 1942. 


II 


CONTENTS 


Pages 
Banks, Natuan. Report on certain groups of neuropteroid 
insects from Szechwan, China. No. 3079. April 18, 
O40 Pare hee Vie ie a a Bee a 173-220 
New genera: Allemerobius, Indophanes, Himalopsyche, Evano- 
phanes. 


New subgenus: Himalophanes. 


New species: Togoperla grahami, Marthamea armata, Nogiperla 
chiangi, Sialis sinensis, Neuronema similis, Allemerobius 
flaveolus, Hemerobius chiangi, H. grahami, H. bispinus, Chrysopa 
grahami, OC. chione, O. fratercula, C. alethes, Dendroleon inso- 
lita, Indophanes sinesis, Rhyacophila grahami, Himalopsyche 
hageni, H. lachlani, H. martynovi, H. alticola, H. navasi, 
H. (Himalophanes) anomala, Glossosoma aequalis, Steno- 
psyche martynovi, 8S. moselyi, Polymorphanisus unipunctus, 
Hydropsyche grahami, Philopotamus sinensis, Hvanophanes 
insignis, Psilopterna sinensis, Pseudostenophylar minimus, 
P. mimicus, P. brevis, P. (Trichophylaz) monticola, Halesinus 
fenestratus, Psilotreta chinensis. 


Buiacxman, M. W. The scolytid beetles of the genus Renocis 
Casey, with descriptions of nine new species. No. 3084. 

OMDTN Ge es Ul asc ea a che gee ee 373-401 
New species: Renocis parkinsoniae, R. pruinosus, R. fasciatus, 


R. brunneus, R. fuscus, R. commizius, R. mexicanus, R. 
braziliensis, R. insularis. 


New combinations: Renocis maclayi (Bruck), R. brittaini 
(Swaine), R. criddlei (Swaine). 


Bourss, B.D. Revision of the chalcid-flies of the tribe Chalci- 
dini in America north of Mexico. No. 3082. June 11, 
ee aes toe ie Eta Ey Oe ae es ta os a ae eee 237-354 


New species: Chalcis lasia, O. megalomis, C. neptis, Spilochalcis 
phoenica, S. elachis, S. clora, S. phais, 8S. tanais, S. apaiis, 
S. melana, S. cantha, 8S. dema, 8. leptis, Ceratosmicra paya. 

New names: Chalcis phoenicapoda, Ceratosmicra meteori. 


1Date of publication. 


LV. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88 


Pages 
Cusuman, R. A. New genera and species of ichneumon-flies, 
with taxonomic notes. No. 3088. March 18, 1940*_------ 355-372 


New genera: Apotemnus, Brachyscleroma. 

New species: Polycyrtus bicostatus, Oryptohelcostizus chrysobo- 
thridis, C. ornatus, Apotemnus truncatus, Calliephialtes ferru- 
gineus, Hxetastes pilosus, Ophion bvermudensis, Idechthis peru- 
viana, Brachyscleroma apoderi. 

New name: Atopotrophos. 

New combinations: Hoplocryptus bvituminosus (Cushman), 
Tromatobia lateralis (Cresson), Atopotrophos collaris (Cush- 
man), A. bucephalus (Cresson), Pseuderipiernus elongatus 
(Davis). 


The ichneumon-flies of the subfamily Neorhacodinae, 
with descriptions of a new genus and three new species. 
Nos 3088.) April 135194040 sso ee 523-527 
New genus: Romaniella. 
New species: Neorhacodes longicauda, N. brevicauda, Romaniella 
exsulcatus. 


Fraser, C. McLean. Seven new species and one new genus of 
hydroids, mostly from the Atlantic Ocean. No. 3090. Sep- 
temberv13.1940 twee oo sede ee iiast  e  ees 575-580 

New genus: Huperisiphonia. 

New species: Hudendrium rugosum, ? Campanularia abyssa, Gono- 
thyraea integra, Egmundella fasciculata, Halecium diminutivum, 
Huperisiphonia rigida, ? Diphasia crassa. 


Gauan, A. B. A contribution to the knowledge of the Euchari- 
dae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). No. 3086. April 25, 
DA ae ee Oe PMN Se ake tA pat NS ee eee 425-458 

New species: Hucharis scutellaris, Psilogaster antennatus, Parap- 
silogaster laeviceps, Schizaspidia antennata, Orasema texana, O. 
aenea, O. beameri, O. aureoviridis, O. simulatriz, O. neomexicana, 
O. robertsoni, O. bakeri, O. cockerelli. 

New combinations: Schizaspidia convergens (Walker), Stilbula 
tenuicornis (Ashmead), S. polyrachicida (Wheeler and Wheeler), 
8S. floridana (Ashmead), S. septentrionalis (Brues), S. mani- 
purensis (Clausen). 


Henry, Dora Priautx. Notes on some pedunculate barnacles 
from the North Pacific. No 3081. April 20, 19401_______- 225-236 
New subspecies: Lepas pectinata pacifica. 


Kirn, Epwin. Cestocrinus, a new fossil inadunate crinoid 
genus. No. s0st.. March 14, 1940 25S eee tin VT eee 221-294 


New genus: Cestocrinus. 
New species: Oestocrinus striatus. 


1 Date of publication. 


CONTENTS Vv 


Linton, Epwin. Trematodes from fishes mainly from the 
Woods Hole region, Massachusetts. No. 3078. May 16, 


New genera: Heteraxine, Gargorchis. 

New species: Ancyrocephalus parvus, Onchocotyle mavori, Diclido- 
phora pinguis, Microcotyle furcata, Axine gracilis, Heterazine 
cokeri, Gasterostomum capitatum, Zoogonoides laevis, Stephan- 
nostomum filiforme, Himasthla tensa, Lebouria truncata, Lepo- 
creadium retrusum, L. trullaforme, Lepidapedon clavatum, 
Genarches infirmus, Dinurus pinguis, Gargorchis varians. 


Merenean, O. Lioyp. A review of the parasitic Crustacea of the 
genus Argulus in the collections of the United States National 
Museum, No: 3087) dune, 22, 1940s ee ste ek te 459-522 


New species: Argulus floridensis. 


Scuutitz, Lronarp P. Two new genera and three new species 
of cheilodipterid fishes, with notes on the other genera of the 
family) NoeB08a)*: April 26,1940 ce woes oe 403-423 
New genera: Cheilodipterops, Jadamga. 
New species: Cheilodipterops isostigma, Synagrops spinosa, 8. pseu- 
domicrolepis. 


Trowsripcr, Harry M. (See under Wedel, Waldo R.) 


Wenei, Watpo R., and Trowsrincr, Harry M. A prehistoric 
roulette from Wyandotte County, Kansas. No. 3091. June 5, 


TIC kD lap bats dn A ge fata A SR NP 581-586 
Wetmore, Atexanper. Notes on the birds of Kentucky. No. 
US ere ay Poa eee eS ee Se ee 529-574 


1 Date of publication. 


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ILLUSTRATIONS 


PLATES 
Following 
page 
1-26. Species of trematodes from Woods Hole fishes__-_______-----____-- 172 
27-30. Species of neuropteroid insects from Szechwan, China_________--- 196 
81. Cestocrinus striatus, new genus and species of fossil crinoid___--_ 222 
She ao yas I RT ON a ee eae 580 
TEXT FIGURES 

Page 
1. Lepas anatifera Linnaeus from Harriet Harbor, British Columbia: s 
Side view, carina, external view, and apex of capitulum__________-_ 226 

2, Lepas pectinata pacifica, new subspecies, from Harriet Harbor, British 
Columbia: Side view, carina, and apex of capitulum_____-_________ 228 

3. Lepas pectinata pacijica: Maxilla, mandible, filamentary appendage, and 
middle. segment.of .clrrug....-34see ane a see ee aes ee eee 229 

4, Carina of Lepas fascicularis aurivillii Nilsson-Cantell from Biorka 
RSTO G eA OR Rea oe oe epee ee he ol ee 4 ee 231 

5. Scalpellum columbianum Pilsbry from Point No Point, Puget Sound: 

Side view, labrum, caudal appendage, maxilla, sixth segment of cirrus, 
and: mandiblej222— =. 2. =. ee ee 238 
6). Chalcis sispes (hanna ens) * 1S eee ee ek 239 
ite Flea dsior Chalcidinise 2020. oa ba ee ee 247 
8. Male antennal seapes of Chalcidini_.__...--__-.-- 5... - +--+ 253 
9. Male antennal structures of Chalcidini-___.__.___._____.____--~_-----_--- 267 
10. Thoracie structures and wings of Chalcidini__________________-___--_- 271 
11. Protarsal claws and metafemora of Chalcidini-_________-____----_____ 277 
12) Metafemora ‘of (Chaleidinin= -2<¢2.2 == oh Ne 289 
if Abdominalsstructures of Chalcidini_ 222 a ee 329 
14 "Male terminaliasof Chaleidini< 2-2: 08 aa eee es ee hee oe ee 333 
15. Apotemnus truncatus, new genus and species of ichneumon-fly_________ 361 
16. Brachyscleroma apoderi, new genus and species of ichneumon-fly_____-_ 3871 
17. Species of Renocis and Chaetophloeus.__—_-___—_~~_~-_-_--.--.~.--——- 379 
18. Species of Renocis and Chaetophloeus.____-___-_-__----.~--_------~.-~- 381 

19. Upper and lower jaws of cheilodipterid fishes, showing arrangement of 
Oe thie 2st tee en at he eS a nk a 415 

20. Upper and lower jaws of cheilodipterid fishes, showing arrangement 
Of (GG ties on ba le ea ile Ae ores the Aa, 418 

21. Ventral and dorsal views of Argulus japonicus Thiele and antennae of 
A,mugettensis Danan 2 oo. a ee EE Ee ke ote, 462 

22, Argulus stizostethii Kellicott: Respiratory areas, ribs of suction cups, 
and male accessory organs of legs--__.___________-________-__~~ — 480 

23. Argulus alosae Gould: Respiratory areas, male accessory organs of legs, 
and ribs. of suction. CupSs-— tee ok ee ke 481 

24, Argulus siamensis Wilson: Respiratory areas, male accessory organs of 
legs, and) ribs: ofasucton.eupe ssn oe a et ee oe 482 


Vill PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM 


25. Argulus indicus Weber: Respiratory areas, ribs of suction cups, and 


26. 


29. 


30. 


31. 


32. 


33. 


34. 


35. 


36. 


of. 


38. 


39. 


40. 


41. 


45. 


45. 


46. 


47. 


48. 


49. 
50. 


LTD TET 1 Ce a ae ee 
Argulus flavescens Wilson: Basal plate of second maxillae and mesial 
spines, respiratory areas, ribs of suction cups, and male accessory 
organs of legs____----~-_--_-__---_------—--------------__--_____- 


. Argulus melanostictus Wilson: Ribs of suction cups and respiratory 


. Argulus pugettensis Dana: Male accessory organs, respiratory areas, 


ANGE TIDS OL STCtL OT CUR) See ee 
Argulus floridensis, new species : Respiratory areas, ribs of suction cups, 
and thoracie appendages_——____----___________.__._-4 4 se 
Argulus borealis Wilson: Respiratory areas, ribs of suction cups, and 
ACCESSOLY, OLans Of. legs aes arere veers ee ee ee 
Argulus megalops Smith: Ribs of suction cups, respiratory areas, and 
MOCK OMy GHEMINS, Oe LECh eee 
Argulus japonicus Thiele: Ribs of suction cups, respiratory areas, and 
ACCESSO IY OL SAIS 50 ti CS eee a ee ee ee 
Argulus laticauda Smith: Respiratory areas, ribs of suction cups, and 
SICCESSOLV OL ATIS  O LCS eee een me ere eed 
Argulus reticulatus Wilson: Rib of suction cup, respiratory area, and 
STECESSOLY MOUEATIS Ol pees eae ae ee eee 8 ne Se ee eee 
Argulus funduli Krdyer: Ribs of suction cups, respiratory areas, and 
ACCESSOLYOLSAN SOL Lek SaaS eee eee 
Argulus violaceus Thomsen: Ribs of suction cups, respiratory areas, 
UTC $l CCCSSOTY HOLLATIS OL \ Le esa eae ee 
Argulus salminei Krgyer: Accessory organs of legs, respiratory areas, 
ANG LIDS OE SUCCHOMS CUS aaa es ee ES ee 
Arguius americanus Wilson: Accessory organs of legs, ribs of suction 
cups, respiratory areas, and second male appendage____-_----_-____ 
Argulus versicolor Wilson: Respiratory areas, ribs of suction cups, and 
accessory 7Organs:-0f -legs2l 3 ieee 2 EO Se es ee 
Argulus maculosus Wilson: Respiratory areas, ribs of suction cups, and 
accessory: organs:of legs=-—=-— === Oe ee ee eee 
Argulus mississippiensis Wilson: Accessory organs of legs, respiratory 
areas;randsribs of suction Cups i227 2 ee ee eee eee 


. Argulus catostomi Dana and Herrick: Respiratory areas, accessory 


organs: of-legs, and -ribs: of suction cups] 222 Se ee 
Argulus appendiculosus Wilson: Ribs of suction cups, respiratory @reas. 
and accessory organs of legs 


. Argulus lepidostei Kellicott: Accessory organs of legs, respiratory 


areas.dand ribs-of suction cups_ 2 2t o ar 2 ee eae ee 
Argulus nobilis Thiele: Respiratory areas, ribs of suction cups, and 
aecessory organs of ‘legs Oe EN Se BO See ee ase Se 
Argulus bicolor Bere: Respiratory areas, ribs of suction cups, and ac- 
cessory Vorgzans' Of Megs MEO E NACA 2 ee Ee SEN 
Argulus fuscus Bere: Respiratory areas, ribs of suction cuns, and 
ACCESHOLY 'OVrSans OL Tess ele ay eed 
Tip of ovipositor of Neorhacodes longicauda, new species of ichneumon- 
Hy EFAS ARAN CRU Ee SST CE EOE CRN A 
End and side views of prehistoric roulette from Kansas___________----_ 
Impressions produced on plastic clay by roulette compared with rou- 
letted sherd from Trowbridge site, Wyandotte County, Kans_____-_ eit: 


VOL. 88 


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488 


489 


491 


493 


496 


497 


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503 


504 


506 


508 


509 


511 


513 


514 


516 


517 


519 


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583 


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PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


issued We 
iS 


SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION 
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Vol. 88 Washington: 1940 No. 3078 


TREMATODES FROM FISHES MAINLY FROM THE 
WOODS HOLE REGION, MASSACHUSETTS 


By Enwrn Linton ? 


INTRODUCTION 


Ir HAS BEEN my privilege, during a long series of years, to spend 
the summer months at the laboratory of the United States Bureau 
of Fisheries, at Woods Hole, Mass. During that time considerable 
attention was given to a study of the distribution of the helminth 
parasites of fishes. Through the cooperation of the late Vinal N. 
Edwards, collections and observations were made so as to cover all 
the months of the year. All collections in the months of October 
to May, inclusive, and the greater number of those in June and Sep- 
tember, were made by Mr. Edwards. The majority of the collections 
in July and August, and a few of those in June and September, were 
made by the author. 

Reports on a few trematodes from fishes not of the Woods Hole 
region are herein included. When not stated otherwise it is to be 
understood that digenetic forms came from the intestine and mono- 
genetic forms from the gills. In many cases in which the same species 
of trematode is accredited to more than one species of fish, measure- 
ments are given of examples from different hosts, and record made 
of differences noted. 


1Dr. Linton died on June 3, 1939, a few days before this paper was sent to the 
printer.— ED, 


1 


a PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88 


Much difficulty is experienced when one attempts to identify alco- 
holic or formalin specimens of these soft-bodied forms, which not 
only assume diverse contraction shapes but may vary considerably 
in the size and relative proportions and positions of parts with the 
age of the individuals. No special search was made for monogenetic 
forms. Such as were found had usually been washed off the gills 
while preparing the viscera for examination. In the summers of 1912 
to 1927 such helminths from the gills and skin of fishes as were met 
with were turned over to Dr. G. A. MacCallum, who was giving espe- 
cial consideration to the monogenetic trematodes. 

The author is under obligations to Drs. H. W. Manter and H. W. 
Stunkard for information that has prevented some duplication of 
names as a result of work carried on by them on forms noted in this 
report. 

The invaluable index catalog of Stiles and Hassall? renders it un- 
necessary, in most cases, to cite literature prior to 1908. For the 
convenience of future investigators, however, frequent references have 
been given to earlier papers of the author, on trematodes from the 
Woods Hole region. 

The names of fishes used in this report are those given in the check 
list of Jordan, Evermann, and Clark.* 


Order MONOGENEA van Beneden, 1858 


Suborder MONOPISTHOCOTYLEA Odhner, 1912 
Family GYRODACTYLIDAE van Beneden and Hesse, 1863 
Subfamily GYRODACTYLINAE Monticelli, 1892 


Genus GYRODACTYLUS Nordmann, 1832 
GYRODACTYLUS species 


PLATE 14, Figure 158 


On August 6, 1911, Dr. R. A. Spaeth called my attention to certain 
small monogenetic trematodes (U.S.N.M. No. 8142) on the scales of 
the common killifish (Pundulus heteroclitus). Later, on August 18, 
Dr. C. W. Hahn, who was examining killifishes for sporidia, reported 
these worms abundant on fishes he had been examining. 

Measurements, life: Length, 0.5 mm.; breadth, anterior, 0.05 mm. ; 
maximum, a little back of middle, 0.12 mm.; length of large hooks, 


2 Index-catalogue of medical and veterinary zoology. Subjects: Trematodes and trema- 
tode diseases. U.S. Hyg. Lab. Bull. 37, 401 pp., 1908. 

® Check list of the fishes and fishlike vertebrates of North and Middle America north of 
the northern boundary of Venezuela and Colombia. Rep. U. 8. Comm. Fish. 1928, pt. 2, 
670 pp., 1930. 


TREMATODES FROM FISHES—-LINTON 3 


0.07 mm. The anterior end is bilobed, each lobe bearing a small con- 
tractile papilla. The posterior sucker bears two larger hooks sym- 
metrically placed, one on each side of the median line, and about 
18 small hooks and 2 spines on the margins. 

These worms perform active looping movements, attaching them- 
selves by the anterior end; then, releasing the posterior sucker, they 
rapidly loop themselves forward. 


Subfamily TETRAONCHINAE Monticelli, 1903 


Genus ANCYROCEPHALUS Creplin, 1838 
ANCYROCEPHALUS PARVUS, new species 


PLATE 14, FieurEs 159, 160 


Body elliptical, narrowed abruptly at anterior end, which bears 
four blunt projections, and two pairs of eye spots; pharynx longer 
than broad; posterior disk with 18 hooks, 4 median pairs, 5 hooks on 
each lateral margin, and 2 transverse bars. The two median hooks 
are somewhat larger than the others. The cirrus pouch is pyriform, 
the cirrus long and filiform; seminal vesicle long-pyriform, beside 
cirrus pouch, ventral and posterior to the pharynx. Ovary median, 
longer than bread; seminal receptacle on left side at anterior border 
of vitellaria; folficles of vitellaria dense, filling all but a small portion 
of the anterior end of the body from the margins to the ovary and 
testis on the median line, and extending to the posterior end. One 
testis, longer than broad, on median line behind the ovary. Measure- 
ments in balsam: Length, 0.73 mm.; breadth, anterior end 0.1 mm., 
middle 0.5 mm.; pharynx, length 0.07 mm., breadth, 0.05 mm.; length 
of longest hooks 0.024 mm. 

Average of 5: Length, 0.82 mm.; breadth, 0.38 mm. Longest, 
length 1.08 mm., breadth 0.34 mm.; shortest, length 0.67, breadth 
0.39 mm. 

Measurements, life (U.S.N.M. No. 8148): Length, 0.84 mm.; 
breadth, anterior (head) 0.1 mm., middle, maximum, 0.42 mm., 
posterior (caudal disk) 0.14 mm. 

The middle of the body was traversed by strong, longitudinal 
muscle fibers, and by less strong longitudinal fibers along the lateral 
margins. The head carried four club-shaped projections, which, in 
a specimen fixed over the flame, broke up into longitudinal striae. 

Type specimens.—U.S.N.M. No. 8143 (holotype and paratypes). 

Host.—Garfish (Strongylura marina). 

Record of collection—Ten, collected on August 30, 1911, from 
gills of host. 


4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88 
Genus AMPHIBDELLA Chatin, 1874 
AMPHIBDELLA FLAVOLINEATA MacCallum 


Amphibdella flavolineata MacCatium, Zoopathologica, vol. 1, No. 1, p. 29, 1916. 


On August 3, 1910, 16 trematodes were collected from the gills 
of a torpedo (Zetranarce occidentalis) that had been taken in a fish 
trap at Menemsha Bight. 

Color, white. Measurements, life: Length, 3.78 mm.; breadth, 
maximum, about middle, 0.64 mm., in front of caudal disk 0.29 mm. ; 
breadth of caudal disk, 0.42 mm. On July 17, 1911, we found 
U.S.N.M. No. 8144, and again, on July 7, 1914, several were collected 
from the gills of torpedoes. 

As Dr. MacCallum had taken up the study of the monogenetic 
trematodes at Woods Hole in the summer of 1912, I made no further 
collections from the gills of the torpedo, but on August 3, 1920, I 
noted that they were numerous on the gills of one that was examined 
on that date for parasites. The specimens collected correspond to 
A, flavolineata MacCallum. 


Family MONOCOTYLIDAE Taschenberg, 1879 
Subfamily DIONCHINAE Johnston and Tiegs, 1922 


Genus DIONCHUS Goto, 1899 
DIONCHUS AGASSIZI Goto 
PLATE 14, FicuREs 162, 163 


Dionchus agassizi Goto, Journ. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo, vol. 12, pp. 286-291, 
figs. 19-21, 1899. 

I have record of the finding of this trematode on the gills of 
remora on three occasions. The anterior end is broadly sagittate, 
with mouth at base of triangular head. In the living worm toothlike 
processes are very indistinct. The body is of nearly uniform breadth 
until near the posterior end, where it tapers to the posterior sucker. 
The posterior sucking disk in this species is characterized by being 
divided into 10 areas by as many radial ridges, which do not quite 
reach the center of the disk. On account of the contracted condition 
of the disk, and its position, showing only in lateral view in all but 
one of the mounted specimens, its structure cannot be made out 
satisfactorily. In the one specimen in which a ventral view of the 
disk is shown, no radial ridges can be distinguished. The distal 
ends of the two hooks on the disk of each of the mounted specimens 
are broken off. They are described by Goto as being clawlike. He 


TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 5 


also states that they usually are broken off in the process of removing 
them from their host. 

Measurements in balsam: Length, 2.31 mm.; maximum breadth, 
at level of mouth, 0.48 mm.; breadth at middle, 0.45 mm.; in front 
of posterior sucker 0.14 mm.; distance of mouth from anterior end 
0.85 mm. 

Host.—Remora (Remora remora). 

Record of collections ——Three, collected on July 28, 1910, from gills 
of host. Small, white; two short, stout hooks on posterior sucking 
disk; four eye spots dorsal to mouth. Dimensions, life: Length, 
1.72 mm.; breadth, at mouth 0.7 mm., middle 0.56 mm.; posterior 
disk, length 0.42 mm., breadth 0.35 mm. 

One, collected July 21, 1911, from gills of host. 

One (U.S.N.M. No. 8147), collected August 3, 1911, from gills of 
host. 

Family UDONELLIDAE Taschenberg, 1879 


Genus LINTONIA Monticelli, 1904 
LINTONIA PAPILLOSA (Linton) 


Nitzschia papillosa Linton, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 20, pp. 508, 509, pl. 40, 
figs. 1-7, 1898. 

Lintonia papillosa (Linton), Monticretr, Arch. Zool. Napoli, vol. 2, pp. 117— 
124, pl. 7, figs. 1-7, 1904. 

Seventeen examples of this species (U.S.N.M. No. 8146) were col- 
lected by Vinal N. Edwards, April 10, 1918, from the common cod- 
fish (Gadus morrhua), taken on Georges Bank. 

Measurements in formalin: Smallest, length, 1.12 mm.; diameter, 
lateral view, 0.28 mm. Largest, length, 2.1 mm.; diameter, lateral 
view, 0.53 mm. 


Family CAPSALIDAE Baird, 1853 
Subfamily BENEDENIINAE Johnston, 1931 


Genus ENTOBDELLA Blainville, 1818 
ENTOBDELLA BUMPUSII (Linton) 


Epibdella bumpusii Linton, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, pp. 286, 287, figs. 
11-15, 1900. 

Since the publication of the original description of this species I 
find among my notes record of this trematode on two occasions, both 
from the skin of the stingray (Pastinachus centrourus). 

fecord of collections.—One, collected June 24, 1921; length, about 
11 mm. 


6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88 


One (U.S.N.M. No. 8148), collected July 1, 1924, from skin of 
host, ventral side; length, 14 mm.; breadth, 8 mm. 


ENTOBDELLA HIPPOGLOSSI (0. F. Miller) 


PuATE 14, Figures 164-169 
See STIZES AND HASSALL, U. S. Hyg. Lab. Bull. 37, p. 252, 1908, for references. 


I have records of this trematode from the skin of the halibut 
(Hippoglossus hippoglossus) as follows: 

Record of collecttons—Four (U.S.N.M. No. 8149), collected by 
Vinal N. Edwards, June 15, 1906. In formalin specimens the suckers, 
narrow margins of the body, testes, and genitalia in front of the 
testes are white, elsewhere the color is purplish. 

Received from the U. S. National Museum two specimens on 
December 7. Label: On halibut, Ward’s Natural Science Establish- 
ment; acc. 11828. These agree closely with van Beneden’s descrip- 
tion of this species. 


TABLE 1.—Measurements of two specimens of Entobdella hippoglossi in glycerin 
and in balsam 


Specimen 1 Specimen 2 
Measurement 
Glycerin Balsam Glycerin Balsam 
Mm. Mm. Mm. Mm. 
MONS te ee re aan ei BS eee NAN Spee a aaa ial ae 17. 00 13. 50 10. 00 8. 50 
STORCH ee ee IR AEE | BONER YO aD) 9. 00 7.00 7.00 7. 50 
aAnteriorsuckers; length 22). vse) oe win) ieee 1. 53 ad 1. 20 1.33 
FANLODION SUCKERS) DIGAG the ane weap ele ee UN . 56 aay! .70 . 63 
Posterior suckers length =) eee Peek SS ete R ek 4.75 4.00 4. 50 4. 50 
Hosterior sucker, breadth: = es ee 5.25 3. 50 4. 50 4. 50 
Length of anterior hook__.___________- hy AEA IS .42 .42 . 56 .74 
Hengthvofimiddlethooksees 2 . 84 .70 - 98 1. 40 
ene thyofiposterioribhookeesss = sas as .16 1G) | Seen .12 


Subfamily CAPSALINAE Johnston, 1929 


Genus TRISTOMA Cuvier, 1817 
TRISTOMA PAPILLOSUM Diesing 
Piate 14, Ficures 170-174 


Tristomum coccineum Cuvier, Linton, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 20, pp. 509, 510, 
pl. 40, fig. 9, 1898 ; Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, p. 278, 1900; ibid, p. 448, 
1901; Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., vol. 31, pt. 2, p. 585, 1911. 

Beginning with the season of 1912, Dr. G. A. MacCallum under- 
took investigations on the monogenetic trematodes of the Woods 

Hole region, and thereafter such gill and skin parasites as I came 


TREMATODES FROM FISHES—-LINTON bh 


across in my study of the food and internal parasites of fishes were 
turned over to him. Following are notes on tristomes from the gills 
of the swordfish (Xiphias gladius), collected on July 15, 1904, and 
July 18, 1911 (U.S.N.M. No. 8150). On the former date three tris- 
tomes were collected from the gills of one swordfish; on the latter 
date two swordfish were examined and 75 tristomes obtained from 
the gills of one; none was found on the other. Those of the first 
lot were yellowish, transparent, leaflike, and from 7 to 12 mm. or 
more in diameter. In the second lot they were pinkish to blood-red, 
becoming pale when much extended. Some of them, which soon 
became inactive, were blood-red with a white border. This mar- 
ginal border bore clusters of small spines of various shapes (pl. 14, 
fig. 172). After lying overnight in sea water most of the worms, 
which had been active on the evening before, were still active. When 
the table was slightly jarred, the more active worms would con- 
tract quickly. The largest, when expanded, were 20 mm. or more in 
length and 15 mm. or more in breadth. They were then very thin, 
leaflike, transparent, yellowish white. When touched they con- 
tracted quickly, the length being much lessened, but the breadth 
remaining about the same. Upon repeated irritation they would 
become nearly circular in outline, the color in the contracted state 
being deep pink. Eggs dark brown, tetragonal, with a filament at 
each of the four trihedral angles, one filament being longer than 
the others; diameter, excluding filaments, 0.1 mm. 

In a lot of 93 tristomes, all but two belong to this species. These 
vary greatly in size and shape. Of 31 specimens mounted in balsam, 
25 are longer than broad, 4 are broader than long, and 2 have the 
length and breadth equal. Smallest, length, 4 mm., breadth, 2 mm.; 
largest, length, 13 mm., breadth, 9 mm. In 20 specimens, average 
length, 8.6 mm., breadth, 7.2 mm., the average number of groups of 
spines on one lateral margin was 45.6; maximum 51, minimum 40. 
There are two small, slender, slightly arcuate spines on the posterior 
sucker. These spines were 0.12 mm. in length and 0.02 mm. in 
breadth, on a specimen 5 mm. in length and 6 mm. in breadth, and on 
another 12 mm. in length and 10 mm. in breadth. In most cases 
these spines were situated in front of the posterior central loculus, 
but in four cases they were observed to be in front of the left posterior 
loculus, and in one at the central end of the right lateral loculus. 
The posterior dorsal surface of these worms is papillate; also, in 
strongly contracted specimens, the posterior margin is more or less 
incised behind the pedicel of the posterior sucker. Specimens which 
have been flattened under pressure during fixation have the posterior 
margin entire, or but slightly emarginate. The pharynx is usually 
broader than long. In 24 specimens examined, 3 were found in 


8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 88 


which the length and breadth of the pharynx were about the same. 
In the others the breadth was greater than the length, the average 
for 2 specimens being: Length, 0.79 mm.; breadth, 1.03 mm. 

The diameter of the posterior sucker is exclusive of the frilled 
border, which is somewhat evanescent. The anterior suckers are more 
or less crumpled, and the breadth could not be measured satisfac- 
torily. The posterior sucker is usually nearly circular. 

I have a record in my notes of the finding of what was thought 
to be this species on two occasions on the gills of the spearfish 
([stiophorus americanus) : 

Several specimens collected on August 17, 1913, by Dr. MacCallum. 

Three collected on July 23, 1924. The largest measured 10 mm. in 
length and 6.5 mm. in breadth; the smallest, length 8 mm., breadth 
6.5 mm.; diameter of posterior sucker, 3.5 mm.; margins crenulate, 
dorsal surface with numerous small papillae; color translucent white. 
These specimens were turned over to Dr. MacCallum. 


TABLE 2.—Measurements of six specimens of Tristoma papillosum in balsam 


Measurement 1 2 3 4 5 6 


Mm. Mm. Mm. Mm. Mm. Mm. 


OT teen a ae he RR A Ee ee 4.00 6. 00 7.00 10. 00 11. 00 13. 00 
IBTOAC Dna sa aeons 2 Pyles oe ee eae etek) 2. 00 7.00 4.00 7.00 8.00 9. 00 
IATIFOTIOLISUCKOM ION GU Me eae eee ee ete en ee . 80 1. 20 .91 1. 20 1220! | 22. 
Diameter ‘of posterior/sucker__2s72-2- = 4 Sires 91 1.61 1.12 1.75 1.96 2. 24 
Iphanyixs lene hse eae ee eee ear eee . 63 satel . 56 atl 1.12 1. 40 
ehany ix DTCAG Gh se sea a ee eee Net a eee a . 56 1.00 . 67 1. 20 ead 1. 54 


TRISTOMA COCCINEUM Cuvier 


PLATE 14, Figures 175-179 


Associated with the tristomes from the gills of the swordfish 
(Xiphias gladius) in the collection, referred to 7’. papillosum, there 
are two specimens that differ from the others, particularly in the 
absence of papillae and in the number and character of the spines 
on the lateral margins. 

The marginal spines are arranged in linear groups at right angles 
to the margins, each group containing about four spines, and there 
are approximately 300 groups of spines on one lateral margin (pl. 14, 
fig. 175). Each spine is flattened, longer than broad, its free end 
bearing about five short, slender teeth. The length and breadth of 
the pharynx are about equal. In one of the specimens there was a 
slight constriction at about the middle of the length of the pharynx. 
The anterior suckers and the anterior border are crumpled so that 
exact outlines cannot be made out. There is a shallow emargination 
at the posterior end. Measurements in balsam: Length, 12.5 mm.; 


TREMATODES FROM FISHES—-LINTON 9 


breadth, 10.2 mm.; longer diameter of anterior suckers about 1.82 
mm.; diameter of posterior sucker, exclusive of marginal border, 
2.66 mm.; diameter of pharynx, 0.91 mm.; length of spines on poste- 
rior sucker, 0.13 and 0.15 mm.; breadth, 0.02 mm. (U.S.N.M. No. 8151). 

On the right margin of one of the specimens, near the middle of 
the length, there is a spinelike structure, bearing on its ventral sur- 
face, near the tip, four stout, sharp-pointed, chitinous hooks (pl. 14, 
figs. 175, 176). ‘There are two similar hooks on the dorsal side, not 
shown in the figures. Length of spine about 9.42 mm.; diameter at 
inner end about 0.11 mm., near tip 0.04 mm. This structure cannot 
be made out on the other specimen, which is much crumpled. 


Genus CAPSALA Bosc, 1811 
CAPSALA MOLAE (Blanchard) 
PLATE 15, F1auREs 180-183 


Tristomum rudolphianum Diesing, Linton, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 20, p. 510, 
1898 ; Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, p. 281, 1900. 

Tristomum molae Blanchard, Linton, Bull. U. 8. Fish Comm. for 1899, p. 466, 
1901. 

Host—Sunfish (Mola mola). 

Record of collections —One, collected by Vinal N. Edwards, Au- 
gust 1, 1894. Dimensions in alcohol: Length 23 mm., breadth 24 mm., 
diameter of posterior sucker 16 mm. Location on host not noted on 
label. 

Six (U.S.N.M. No. 8152), collected July 20, 1914, from skin of host; 
largest 25 mm. in diameter. 

One, collected by Robert Goffin, September 3, 1925, from skin. 

Eleven (U.S.N.M. No. 8153), collected July 19, 1926, from skin. 
These were turned over to Dr. MacCallum. 


Taste 3.—Measurements of three specimens of Capsala molae in balsam 


Measurement 1 2 3 
Mm. Mm. Mm. 
Wength sik. S20bd ISTE AE ee ae 2 SULA ee 5. 00 10. 00 15. 00 
BEBRO LNG te tA Pee eS R AT Ok AAR Ee ee ei EE Fl Re Pee Ss Re ae BY 4. 50 9. 50 14. 50 
ANtENION SUCKER, ONG ED. so25sc0 ere) kee ete sae ee Bel ge as a . 80 112 1. 54 
Amterior:sucker; breadth’! “7 eyi sth e yah eer Seb peed purer .74 84 1.12 
‘Posterior'suckers leng plats Ao Fete Pak by eh OLN Ee ee 1. 64 4.00 5. 00 
Posterior sucker, breadth._-_._-.__-_-_- 5 tsa) Be A an pee ad OS 1. 24 5.00 6. 00 
Pharynx Wenethel Camere sy 8S AE OEY eee PSE eet poet pe. Ea 1, 26 2. 03 
Bharynx, breadth- 525 2.2 28 yee a bs VS SLSR ER BEES. Rens .70 12 1.75 
‘Pharynx, anterior Givision, longthiz=22) 242-2 eee eae ate eee .49 .77 1.12 
Pharynx, anterior division, breadth______.___..._-_-__-__2---2--1-_2-2.--- .70 1.12 1.75 
Pharynx, posterior division; Jength42.-£2it)) ite Aa eee ee . 28 .49 -91 


Pharynx; posterior division, breadth 2a ee ee . 56 . 92 1.56 


10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88 


CAPSALA LAEVIS (Verrill) 
Puate 15, Ficures 184-188 


Tristoma laeve VreRRILL, Amer. Journ. Sci. and Arts, ser. 3, vol. 10, p. 40, 1875. 


While a lot of alcoholic material from the gills of swordfish 
(Xiphias gladius) were being examined, a single specimen (U.S.N.M. 
No. 8154) of the genus Capsala was found. The date of collecting is 
not certain. It was probably in the lot collected on July 18, 1911, 
when about 75 tristomes were taken from the gills of a swordfish. 

Measurements in balsam: Length, 11.25 mm.; breadth, 8.5 mm.; 
anterior suckers, length 2.1 mm., breadth 1.65 mm.; posterior sucker, 
length 3.78 mm., breadth 3.42 mm.; hooks on posterior sucker, length 
0.45 mm., breadth 0.17 mm.; pharynx, length 1.4 mm., breadth 
1.45 mm. 

There are two stout, blunt hooks on the posterior sucker. The 
length given above is a little less than the actual length, since the 
hooks were slightly inclined to the plane of the slide, and conse- 
quently foreshortened in the camera lucida sketch. The pharynx is 
divided into an anterior and a posterior portion by a constriction 
a little back of the middle. Length of anterior portion, 0.84 mm.; 
breadth, 1.45 mm.; length of posterior portion, 0.56 mm.; breadth 
0.91 mm. 

The posterior sucker has five rays on its anterior half. The in- 
testines are profoundly branched, the ultimate branches reaching 
nearly to the margins of the body and extending into the anterior 
suckers and into the anterior lobe between the suckers, in all of 
which branches of the intestines reach nearly to the margin. The 
cirrus pouch, enclosing the seminal vesicle at its base, reaches quite 
to the median line immediately behind the pharynx. The two testes 
lie side by side a short distance back of the cirrus pouch to the left 
of the median line. They are somewhat obscured by the branches of 
the intestine. The vas deferens makes a loop from the testes to a 
point a short distance to the right of the median line, returning in 
front of the testes, whence it becomes crumpled into short folds, then 
proceeds to the cirrus pouch, which it enters at about the middle 
of the length. The ovary is a rosettelike cluster of 12 or more 
lobed bodies on the median line, its left anterior border being con- 
tiguous with the right testis. The vitellaria have about the same 
distribution as the intestines, extending nearly to the margins, in- 
cluding the anterior suckers and the anterior lobe between the suckers. 
Two nerve trunks on each side lateral to the main intestinal rami, 
and connected at the level of the cirrus pouch by broad commissures, 
are clearly shown. 


TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 11 


There are about 38 small tubercular spines on each lateral margin, 
beginning a short distance from the anterior suckers and extending to 
the posterior sucker. They are short, tending to pyramidal in shape, 
and are surmounted by three short tines. No eye spots were seen. 
There is a membranous border to both anterior and posterior suckers. 


Suborder POLYOPISTHOCOTYLEA Odhner, 1912 
Family ONCHOCOTYLIDAE Monticelli, 1903 


Genus ONCHOCOTYLE Diesing, 1850 
ONCHOCOTYLE MAVORI, new species 


PLATE 15, Ficures 189-196 


The specimens here described were given to me by Dr. James W. 
Mavor, who had found them on the bottom of an aquarium in which 
were a number of white perch (Morone americana), from Tashmoo 
Pond, Marthas Vineyard, Mass. 

Since these trematodes were not found on the gills of the perch, and 
since the genus Onchocotyle has been recorded only from the gills of 
selachians, there is naturally some doubt as to the perch being their 
host. 

The following description is based mainly on a study of whole 
mounts in balsam: 

The body proper is somewhat lanceolate, tapering more anteriorly 
than posteriorly. Anterior sucker nearly terminal, sharply marked 
off from the body by a constriction. The posterior sucker-bearing 
portion is approximately half the length of the body proper, and 
usually nearly at right angles to it. At the anterior ventral half 
of the sucker-bearing portion there are three pairs of relatively 
large circular suckers, equal in size and sessile. Each of these suckers 
is supported by a strong, sickle-shaped chitinous hook, the posterior 
end of which is blunt while the anterior end terminates in a slender, 
recurved claw. The hook agrees closely with Olsson’s figure of the 
corresponding hook in O. emarginata.* The posterior half of the 
sucker-bearing portion tapers gently to a blunt, bifid termination, 
consisting of two small terminal suckers, longer than broad, and open- 
ing posteriorly. On the median line between the bases of these 
terminal suckers there is a pair of small hooks, which appear narrow 
in dorsoventral view but in lateral view are seen to have relatively 
broad bases, from which they taper to sharp-pointed and recurved 
ends. The genital pore is on the median line a short distance back 


* Kongl. Svenska Vetensk. Akad. Handl., ser. 2, vol. 14, No. 1, pl. 2, fig. 26, 1876. 


12 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88 


of the anterior sucker and close behind the bifurcation of the in- 
testine. The pharynx is relatively small, about as broad as long. 
It was not clearly shown in the whole mounts; in sections the length 
was 0.075 mm., breadth, 0.06 mm. There appears to be a short 
esophagus in some of the mounted specimens, while in others it is 
indistinguishable. The intestines could not be traced in whole 
mounts, but in sections the two rami are seen to unite at the end of 
the body proper, and to continue as a single tube in the posterior 
sucker-bearing portion. The cirrus is dorsal to the anterior end of 
the uterus and enters the genital cloaca in front of the uterus. The 
testes are numerous and occupy the midregion of the posterior third 
of the body proper behind the ovary. The vas deferens is dorsal to 
the uterus. The ovary, at the center of the body, is longer than broad 
on right of median line and appears to be slightly lobed on its 
lateral margin. It was not clearly outlined in any of the mounted 
specimens. The vitelline reservoir is conspicuous. It is ventrally 
placed and is somewhat triangular in outline. It receives a duct 
from each side at its anterior angles and sends a short duct to the 
shell gland from its posterior angle. The vitellaria are diffuse and 
fill the lateral regions of the body from a little way back of the level 
of the genital pore and in large degree conceal the other genitalia. 
They extend into the sucker-bearing portion nearly to the terminal 
suckers. The uterus passes forward on the ventral side of the vas 
deferens to the genital pore. Ova were present in the uterus of each 
of the six mounted specimens, from 4 to 37, with an average of about 
18. They are more or less oval-elliptical in outline with an elongated 
filament at each end; about 0.13 by 0.53 mm., exclusive of filaments. 
The division between the right and left vitellaria is narrow in front 
of the space occupied by the ovary, shell gland, and vitelline reser- 
voir. The vitellaria overlap the testes and part of the ovary. 


TasLe 4.—Measurements of six specimens of Onchocotyle mavori in balsam 


Measurement 1 2 3 4 5 6 


Mm. | Mm. | Mm. | Mm. | Mm. | Mm. 


Lengthiol body propers= seas = see ween eee 4.83 4.69 4.55 4.42 4.34 3.78 
Length of sucker-bearing portion___._._._..__-________ 2.10 2.10 2.17 2.31 2.45 2.10 
Diametenjanterior suckers s-2 see eee ene eae .o5 .35 . 38 .38 . 36 -35 
Maximum diameter offpogye- seen ase en eee 1.12 1.08 1. 06 -92 . 84 . 68 
Diameter larger posterior suckers____..___-_-.._--_--- . 45 242 42 42 .49 .35 
Posterior terminal sucker, length______________________ .21 s21 APA el no .21 
Posterior terminal sucker, breadth__...______-________ .14 .14 .14 .10 14 .14 


A specimen in glycerin measured 5 mm. in length, 1.14 mm. in 
maximum breadth; breadth of anterior sucker, 0.42 mm.; diameter of 
pharynx, 0.09 mm. Measurements of specimen in alcohol: Length, 


TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 13 


10 mm.; length of sucker-bearing portion, 3 mm.; diameter of an- 
terior sucker, 0.38 mm.; maximum diameter of body, 0.81 mm.; di- 
ameter of one of the larger pair of suckers, 0.42 mm.; one of posterior 
terminal suckers, length 0.25 mm., breadth 0.14 mm. 
Type specimens.—Holotype, U.S.N.M. No. 8155; paratypes, No. 
8412. 
Family DICLIDOPHORIDAE Fuhrmann, 1928 


Genus DICLIDOPHORA Diesing, 1850 
DICLIDOPHORA AFFINIS (Linton) 


Octoplectanum affine Linton, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 20, pp. 511, 512, pl. 
51, figs. 1-5, 1898. 
Diclidophora affinis (Linton), Bull. U. 8S. Fish Comm. for 1899, p. 482, 1901. 


Three specimens of this species (U.S.N.M. No. 8156) were collected 
in the summer of 1905 from the mouth of the summer flounder 
(Paralichthys dentatus) by Dr. J. F. McClendon. 


DICLIDOPHORA PINGUIS, new species 


PLATE 15, FicurEs 197-199 


The trematodes here described were taken from the mouth of 
Albatrossia pectoralis in the northwest Pacific, June 7, 1906; U. S. 
Bureau of Fisheries steamer Albatross, station 4781, depth 482 
fathoms. 

Ten specimens were given to me by Willis H. Rich at the Bureau 
of Fisheries Laboratory, Woods Hole, Mass., in the summer of 1925. 
Measurements in alcohol: Length of body, 4 mm.; of sucker-bearing 
portion, about 3 mm.; breadth at level of anterior suckers, 0.56 mm., 
maximum, middle of body, 2.1 mm.; anterior suckers, length, 0.35 
mm., breadth, 0.25 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.46 mm., breadth, 0.42 mm. 
In another specimen the breadth at level of anterior suckers was 0.45 
mm.; anterior suckers, length, 0.28 mm., breadth, 0.21 mm.; phar- 
ynx, length, 0.42 mm., breadth, 0.35 mm. Dimensions of a posterior 
sucker in glycerin: Length of pedicel, 0.42 mm., diameter, 0.46 mm.; 
maximum diameter of sucker, 1.4 mm. 

The alcoholic specimens agree in having a short, narrow anterior 
portion, which is sharply marked off from the body, necklike, nearly 
cylindrical, tapering but slightly to the anterior end. The body proper 
is stout and oblong-elliptical in outline. Sections show it to be very 
muscular. It is doubtless capable of much elongation. The mouth 
appears to be terminal; anterior suckers oval-elliptical; pharynx 
relatively large, its anterior edge lying at the posterior edges of the 
anterior suckers, its posterior end about on a level with the con- 


14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88 


striction, which marks off the anterior portion from the body proper. 
The esophagus is short. The intestinal rami appear to continue to 
near the posterior end of the sucker-bearing portion. The genital 
atrium is close behind the forking of the intestine, and appears to 
lie a little to one side of the median line. It is surrounded by strong 
muscles, but no hooks were seen either in whole mounts or in sec- 
tions. The breadth of the muscular atrium in cross sections is 0.15 
mm., its vertical diameter, 0.08 mm. The ovary, with its spacious 
portion containing large nucleated germ cells, lies a short distance 
behind the genital atrium. The shell gland is dorsally placed. The 
vitellaria begin at the level of the posterior end of the pharynx and 
extend to the posterior end of the body proper. The testes are 
numerous and fill a wide median space between the ovary and a 
point near the posterior end of the body. The sucker-bearing por- 
tion bears eight relatively large, pedicelled suckers, arranged sym- 
metrically, four on each side. The suckers are supported by a chi- 
tinous frame work which forms a cross, characteristic of the genus 
Diclidophora. 

Type specimens.—Holotype, U.S.N.M. No. 8157; paratypes, No. 
8158. 


Family DISCOCOTYLIDAE Price, 1936 
Genus ANTHOCOTYLE van Beneden and Hesse, 1863 
ANTHOCOTYLE MERLUCCII AMERICANUS MacCallum 


PLATE 16, Ficures 200, 201 


Anthocotyle merluccit americanus MacCaLLum, Zoopathologica, vol. 1, pp. 25-27 
figs. 10, 10A, 1916. 


? 


I find one specimen of this species in my collection, from gills of 
the whiting (Merluccius bilinearis), collected July 2, 1924. Length, 
life, 8 mm. (U.S.N.M. No. 8191). 

Measurements in balsam: Length, 7.5 mm.; maximum breadth, at 
level of ovary, 1.26 mm.; diameter anterior suckers, 0.07 mm.; phar- 
ynx, length 0.08 mm., breadth 0.07 mm.; larger posterior suckers, 
left, length 0.52 mm., breadth 0.63 mm.; right, length 0.45 mm., 
breadth 0.52 mm.; smaller posterior suckers, length 0.06 mm., breadth 
0.08 mm.; length of terminal spines 0.06 mm. 

Some points of difference between this specimen and those studied 
by Dr. MacCallum were noted. Thus, the left of the larger posterior 
suckers are the larger instead of the right. The terminal hooklets 
are not of uniform size and shape. There are also paired vaginae 
(pl. 16, fig. 200). 


TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 15 


Family HEXASTOMATIDAE Price, 1936 
Genus HEXOSTOMA Rafinesque, 1815 
HEXOSTOMA THYNNI (De la Roche) 


Hexacotyle thynni (De la Roche), Linton, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, p. 
446, figs. 296-298, 1901. 

Record is here made of one specimen of this species, collected Au- 
gust 21, 1900, by Dr. C. B. Wilson from the mouth of the bonito 
(Sarda sarda). 

Dimensions in life: Length 5 mm., breadth 1.5 mm. Color faint 
red. When compressed under cover glass a mass of globular bodies 
of different sizes was extruded from the excretory pore. 


Family MAZOCRAEIDAE Price, 1936 


Genus MAZOCRAEOIDES Price, 1936 
MAZOCRAEOIDES GEORGE! Price, 1936 
PLATE 16, FiaurEs 202-209 


Mazocraeoides georgei Prick, George Washington Univ. Bull. (Summaries of 
Doctoral Theses, 1934-36), p. 18, 1936. 

Body, at rest and in preserved material, lanceolate; in life, capable 
of great alterations of length and breadth, usually slightly pointed 
in front of anterior suckers. Posterior third of body, more or less, 
with four suckers on each side; suckers with chitinous frames, and 
pedicels, which are very flexible in life, extending to a length nearly 
equal to half the breadth of the body and contracting until the 
chitinous portion is immersed in the substance of the body. In 
preserved material the pedicels of the posterior suckers are short. 
There is a cluster of six hooks at the posterior end, one larger pair, 
and two smaller pairs between the larger. Pharynx elliptical, longer 
than broad, near anterior suckers; esophagus as long as or longer 
than pharynx; rami of intestine much branched, but concealed by the 
vitellaria; genital sucker armed with short, recurved spines, a short 
distance back of forking of intestine. The single testis is in the 
posterior third, on the left side of the median line, and is deeply 
lobed on the lateral margin. The ovary, including germ-containing 
portion, lies on the right side of the median line parallel with the 
testis, extending a little farther anteriorly than the testis, but not 
quite so far posteriorly. The anterior portion, the ovary proper, 
is compact, the posterior, more elongated portion contains large, 
nucleated germ cells. The vitellaria are very voluminous and extend 
in broad lateral masses from a short distance behind the genital 


16 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM yOL. 88 


sucker to the posterior end, where the lateral masses meet behind the 
testis. There is a vitelline reservoir on the median line in front of 
the level of the ovary. It is somewhat variable in shape and position, 
depending on the quantity of yolk. What was interpreted to be a 
seminal receptacle was seen in a few cases in front of the ovary. 
The shell gland and ootype are about on the median line on a level 
with the anterior portion of the ovary. The ova are elongate, with 
a filament at each end. 

Measurements in balsam: Length, 2 mm.; breadth, at level of 
anterior suckers, 0.07 mm., in front of sucker-bearing portion, about 
0.75 mm.; diameter of anterior sucker, 0.027 mm.; pharynx, length 
0.045 mm., breadth, 0.027 mm.; ova diameter, 0.06 mm.; length, exclu- 
sive of filaments, about 0.26 mm. 

Hosts—Alewite (Pomolobus pseudoharengus) and hickory shad 
(P. mediocris). 

Record of collections—F ive (U.S.N.M. No. 8159), collected August 
11, 1908, from gills of alewife. Rami of intestines of most of them 
bright red; numerous minute black pigment spots in lateral areas. 
These worms were very active, contracting to a length of 0.6 mm. and 
stretching to a length of 1.8 mm.; posterior suckers, four on each 
side on very flexible and contractile pedicels, extending to more than 
half the breadth of the posterior half of the body, and contracting 
until no pedicel could be seen, the sucker even becoming immersed 
in the substance of the body; six slender hooks at the posterior end 
of the body, the part where they are implanted being very contractile, 
the hooks being so arranged as to have a grasping motion; worms 
fragile. 

Number not recorded, collected July 8, 1910, on gills of alewife. 
Color by reflected light white, with numerous small brown pigment 
granules; margins and anterior end translucent, by transmitted light 
the axial region also translucent and somewhat yellowish. In a 
few cases the intestines were red. Body crossed by fine, crinkly lines 
with short, twiglike branchings. 

Many, collected on August 17, 1910, on gills of a 22-cm. alewife. 
This worm has extraordinary powers of extension and contraction, 
especially of the part anterior to the sucker-bearing portion. The 
anterior end may be extended into a fine, threadlike neck, or it may 
be contracted so that the whole worm is as broad as it is long. ‘These 
changes take place very rapidly. 

One, collected August 20, 1910, from gills of hickory shad. 

One, collected July 6, 1912. After this date no special search was 
made for gill parasites, since about this time the study of the mono- 
genetic trematodes was taken up by Dr. MacCallum. 


TREMATODES FROM FISHES—-LINTON 17 
Genus PLEUROCOTYLE Gervais and van Beneden, 1859 
PLEUROCOTYLE SCOMBRI (Gervais and van Beneden) 
PLATE 16, FicuRES 210-214 
See Stites and Hassatt, U. S. Hyg. Lab. Bull. 37, p. 346, 1908, for references. 


A trematode from the gills of the chub mackerel (Pnewmatophorus 
grea), collected August 9, 1908, is referred to this species (U.S.N.M. 
No. 8160). 

The worm is divided by a constriction into two parts, an anterior 
lanceolate and a posterior clavate portion. The posterior portion 
carries four conspicuous suckers, from 0.2 to 0.4 mm. in diameter, 
in a longitudinal row. The first three suckers are longer than broad, 
the fourth is broader than long. Behind the fourth sucker there is a 
fifth minute sucker, about 0.04 mm. in diameter. It lies 0.15 mm. be- 
hind the fourth sucker, and about 0.03 mm. from the posterior margin 
of the sucker-bearing portion. The two suckers at the anterior end 
are longer than broad, the pharynx is at their posterior edges, and 
there is a relatively long esophagus. The intestine is profusely 
branched, the branches beginning in front of the point of forking. 
The intestines continue into the posterior, sucker-bearing portion. 
The genital cloaca is about halfway between the pharynx and the 
forking of the intestine. It is armed with a cluster of hooks, which 
were somewhat broken and disturbed. These hooks appear to have 
a large basal portion terminating at the anterior end in a small, 
recurved claw. The basal portions together form an oval-elliptical 
structure about 0.08 mm. in length and 0.05 mm. in diameter. The 
ovary lies near the right side of the median line, 1.26 mm. in front 
of the constriction; testes confined to narrow median space, about 
1 mm. in length, behind the ovary. The vitellaria begin a short dis- 
tance back of the forking of the intestine and extend into the sucker- 
bearing portion, filling the body and obscuring the other genitalia. 
The follicles are somewhat interrupted in the vicinity of the suckers 
but they continue on both sides to the posterior end. 

Dimensions in balsam: Length, 7.84 mm.; breadth, anterior 0.16 
mm., middle 1.47 mm., near posterior end 1.26 mm.; anterior suckers, 
length 0.09 mm., breadth 0.05 mm.; pharynx, length 0.09 mm., 
breadth 0.084 mm.; length of sucker-bearing portion, 2.38 mm.; 
breadth, at constriction, 0.7 mm., middle, and to near posterior end, 
1.26 mm.; first three posterior suckers, each, length 0.42 mm., 
breadth 0.28 mm.; fourth posterior sucker, length 0.21 mm., breadth 


0.8 mm.; minute terminal sucker, diameter about 0.04 mm. 
155599—40 


9 
“ 


18 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 88 
Family MICROCOTYLIDAE Taschenberg, 1879 


Genus MICROCOTYLE van Beneden and Hesse, 1863 
MICROCOTYLE CARANGIS MacCallum 


Microcotyle carangis MacCauium, Zool. Jahrb., vol. 35, pp. 394-396, fig. B, 1913. 


Six trematodes, collected on July 19, 1912, from the gills of the 
hardtail (Paratractus erysos), agree with the description of this 


species. 
MICROCOTYLE PORONOTI MacCallum 


PLATE 16, FiauRE 215 
Microcotyle poronoti MAcCatLuM, Zool. Jahrb., vol. 38, pp. 72, 73, 75, fig. B, 1915. 


Host.—Dollarfish (Poronotus triacanthus). 

Record of collections—One, collected July 2, 1907, from gills of 
host. One (U.S.N.M. No. 8161), collected July 11, 1910, length 4 
mm., from gills. One, collected July 19, 1910, from gills. 

These trematodes agree closely with the descriptions of this spe- 
cies. In these specimens, however, the anterior suckers are bilocu- 
late, a character not noted in /. poronoti. In the two specimens 
mounted in balsam, one has a distinct costa in each of the anterior 
suckers; in the other the costae are indistinct. 

Dimensions in balsam: Length 5 mm.; breadth, at level of ante- 
rior suckers, 0.22 mm., maximum 0.63 mm.; anterior sucker, length 
0.07 mm., breadth 0.1 mm.; pharynx, length 0.045 mm.; breadth 
0.045 mm.; posterior sucker about 0.054 by 0.09 mm. The length of 
the sucker-bearing portion is approximately 1.6 mm. 


MICROCOTYLE POMATOMI Goto 
PLATE 16, Figures 216-218 


Microcotyle pomatomi Goto, Journ. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo, vol. 12, pp. 278, 
279, fig. 27, 1899. 

Microcotyle sp. Linton, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, p. 451, figs. 299-306, 
1801. 

Linear-lanceolate; posterior sucker-bearing portion, and middle 
region of anterior portion colorless or translucent white; margins, 
including vitellaria, with numerous small black pigment spots. The 
number of posterior suckers appears to be 90 to 100 on each side. 
Goto gives the number as about 70. Genital atrium spacious, armed 
with numerous small recurved hooks. The ovary consists of two por- 
tions: a small, compact, many-lobed portion, situated ventrally, on 
the median line, and a larger and much convoluted portion, contain- 
ing large germ cells, which, beginning at the right dorsal border of 


TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 19 


the compact portion, pursues a somewhat tortuous course, crossing 
to the left side of the median line, then passing forward and crossing 
to the right side, and returning on the right side of the median line 
to the shell gland, which lies in front of the ovary. There it is 
joined by the vitelline duct and the duct from the seminal receptacle. 
There appears to be some variation in the course of the later folds 
of the ovary, but, in general, it is much as in the one shown in the 
sketch (pl. 16, fig. 217). There is also some variation in the outlines 
of the compact portion of the ovary, but in all it is lobed and broader 
than long. 

Testes about 50, many of them irregularly lobed. 

The suckers near the tip of the sucker-bearing portion are dis- 
tinctly in two rows, but near the body proper they do not appear 
to be distinctly in two rows, even in some cases appearing to be in 
four or more irregular rows. This irregularity is more or less the 
result of compression. 


TABLE 5.—Measurements of three specimens of Microtyle pomatomi in balsam 


Measurement 1 2 3 


Heng thes ee So. sncktesse es cke sl oo OL OS eee Sec set cs Pes tee ee 8. 00 7.14 5. 63 
mene thiorsucker-bearing portion... 202s eee ae a ee 3. 00 2. 80 2. 53 
iBreagth- aL level ofanterior SUCKErS ess same nee okey ee oe ee 20 19 18 
Breath sam Sek eee oe es Dre Se es ae ed ieee Be Sve be 1. 33 1.47 1.36 
ANICALIONSUCKEr lene t ne See. 2. seen ed ga en NL ee 06 06 06 
PATILCHION SUCKET DrOAG tine sce ee ee tee eee AU a Neue Avie ay A aR BI -07 07 07 
IPhanyns Lerch Pies her ee SU Se Pires a ee Be Se - 05 . 05 - 05 
Pharynx: bread theses on Fe lnk oe aes Frey Se ee es Ue eee . 04 05 . 04 


Ova, exclusive of filaments, 0.17 by 0.05 mm., to 0.24 by 0.08 mm. 
Posterior suckers about 0.06 by 0.07 mm. 

Host—Bluefish (Pomatomus saltatria). 

Record of collections —Fifteen (U.S.N.M. No. 8162), collected 
August 11, 1904, from gills of host. 

Twenty-six, collected July 1, 1910, from gills of host. Measure- 
ments, life: Length, 7.5 mm.; length of sucker-bearing portion, 2.5 
mm.; maximum breadth, 2 mm. 


MICROCOTYLE STENOTOMI Goto 
PLATE 16, FicuRE 219 
Microcotyle stenotomi Goto, Journ. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo, vol. 12, pp. 279- 
281, pl. 21, fig. 28, 1899.—G. A. and W. G. MacCatium, Zool. Jahrb., vol. 34, 
pp. 230, 231, 1913. 


This species is probably of frequent occurrence. I have the follow- 
ing records for it: 


20 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88 


Host.—Southern porgy (Stenotomus chrysops). 

Record of collections —Two (U.S.N.M. No. 8163), collected August 
24, 1910, from gills of host; 6 fishes examined. Two, collected 
August 27, 1910, from gills; 3 fishes examined. Three, collected 
August 29, 1910, from gills; 16 fishes examined. One, collected Au- 
gust 30, 1910, from gills; 3 fishes examined. 

Measurements in balsam: Length of body proper, 2.94 mm., of 
sucker-bearing portion, 0.98 mm.; breadth, at anterior end, 0.17 mm., 
middle, 0.45 mm.; anterior sucker, length, 0.09 mm., breadth, 0.06 
mm.; posterior sucker, 0.036 by 0.045 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.036 
mm., breadth, 0.03 mm.; egg, exclusive of filaments, 0.21 by 0.56 mm. 
Number of testes 12; number of posterior suckers about 48. 


MICROCOTYLE FURCATA, new species 


PLATE 16, FicuRE 220; PLATE 17, FicurEes 221-223 


Body lanceolate, tapering to a blunt point at anterior end; sucker- 
bearing portion approximately half the length of the body proper, 
and bearing from 20 to 28 suckers on each side; pharynx nearly cir- 
cular in outline; esophagus short. The intestines were hidden in 
large part by the vitellaria. So far as could be seen the main intes- 
tinal branches do not extend posterior to the vitellaria. The genital 
atrium is spacious and armed with numerous short, somewhat coni- 
cal spines, the greater number of them about 0.006 mm. in length, 
but a few at the posterior border of the atrium are about 0.009 mm. 
in length. Ovary, as noted in other species of the genus, of two 
distinct portions: (1) The ovary proper, consisting of small, closely 
packed cells, on the right side of the median line at the anterior 
edges of the first testes; broader than long, and in some cases slightly 
lobed. Its inner end is about on the median line, whence it extends 
to the inner border of the right vitellaria. (2) An elongated and 
more or less convoluted portion, containing large nucleated germ 
cells. It is somewhat variable, but in general it may be described as 
a tubular, greatly enlarged germ duct (pl. 17, fig. 222). It leaves 
the anterior dorsal side of the ovary proper, passes forward dorsal 
to the shell gland near the median line, turns, and crosses the median 
line. It may then turn and run back for a short distance, turn 
again, and return on itself, and run parallel to its former course, 
thus forming a more or less horseshoe-shaped structure, with the 
closed end pointing forward. It ends in front of the ovary proper 
where it narrows to form the germ duct, which is joined, first, by 
the short duct from the seminal receptacle, which lies near the ante- 
rior border of the ovary proper, and then a little farther by the 
vitelline duct. It then enters the region of the shell gland, from 


TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 21 


which it emerges as the uterus to pass along the median line ventral 
to the vas deferens to the genital atrium. Testes from 14 to 24. 
In the seven specimens mounted in balsam one has 14 testes, four 
have 15 each, one 16, and one about 24. They extend from the poste- 
rior edge of the ovary to a point a little in front of the posterior end 
of the vitellaria. The vitellaria begin a short distance back of the 
level of the genital atrium and continue in a broad band on each 
lateral margin to unite behind the testes. A few follicles continue 
into the sucker-bearing portion. Y-shaped yolk ducts are a conspic- 
uous feature in most cases. In some of them these ducts expand 
into capacious yolk reservoirs. They originate, one on each side a 
little in front of the middle, and unite in a common duct on the 
median line a short distance in front of the ovary proper. 

Measurements in balsam: Length of body proper 2.1 mm., of 
sucker-bearing portion 1.7 mm., breadth at level of anterior suckers 
0.14 mm., at level of genital atrium 0.35 mm., at level of ovary 0.81 
mm.; anterior sucker, length 0.045 mm., breadth 0.06 mm.; pharynx, 
length 0.045 mm., breadth 0.039 mm. (in another specimen length, 
0.045 mm., breadth, 0.045 mm.) ; posterior sucker, 0.075 by 0.045 mm. 
Smallest number of suckers counted on one side 20, largest number 
noted 28; one was noted that had 28 suckers on one side and 24 on 
the other. 

Type specimen.—Holotype, U.S.N.M. No. 8164. 

Host.—Tautog (Tautoga onitis). 

Record of collections.—One, collected August 15, 1908, from gills 
of host; length, 3 mm., breadth, 0.5 mm.; 42 suckers on sucker-bearing 
portion. 

Many, collected July 9, 1910, from gills; color white, except in 
vicinity of vitellaria. In some cases the intestine was red by reflected, 
yellowish by transmitted, light. Length, 4 mm., more or less. 

Three, collected August 3, 1910, on gills. 

Few, collected August 10, 1910, on gills. 

One (U.S.N.M. No. 8164), collected by Vinal N. Edwards, May 4, 
1914, from gills; length, 4.25 mm. 


MICROCOTYLE SPINICIRRUS MacCallum 


Microcotyle spinicirrus MacCaLLum, Zoopathologica, vol. 1, No. 3, p. 95, fig. 50, 
1918. 
Host.—F¥ resh-water drum (Aplodinotus grunniens). 
fecord of collection—A small number of these trematodes 
(U.S.N.M. No. 8165), collected by T. Serbes, Fairport, Iowa, and sent 
to me by Dr. R. E. Coker, were received on July 23, 1913. They 
agree in general with Dr. MacCallum’s description of the species. 


22 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM voL. 88 


Measurements in balsam: Length, 2.8 mm.; maximum breadth, 0.5 
mm.; length of sucker-bearing portion, 1.8 mm.; anterior suckers, 
length, 0.07 mm., breadth, 0.0833 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.075 mm., 
breadth, 0.048 mm.; diameter of circle of hooks at genital pore, 0.1 
mm.; length of hooks, about 0.04 mm.; diameter of cluster of cirrus 
hooks, 0.05 mm.; length of hooks, 0.036 mm.; length of a posterior 
sucker about 0.06 mm., breadth about 0.08 mm.; length of ovum, ex- 
clusive of filaments, 0.24 mm., diameter, 0.07 mm. The number 
of posterior suckers was about 50 on each side. 


MICROCOTYLE species 


PLATE 17, FicurES 224-227 


Two specimens from the gills of the squeteague (Cynoscion regalis) 
are here noted. The species differs from M. longicauda Goto, from 
the same host, in the number of caudal suckers, the number of testes, 
and in the character of the genital atrium. 

The collection consists of a single mounted specimen. 

Record. of collections —One, collected August 9, 1903. It was acci- 
dentally crushed while it was under examination. Hooks of the gen- 
ital atrium of three kinds. Plate 17, figure 226, was sketched from 
the crushed specimen. Ova fusiform, with filament at one end. 

One (U.S.N.M. No. 8166), collected August 22, 1914. This speci- 
men, slightly damaged, is mounted in balsam. The number of testes 
is about 20. The ovary is lobed. The portion containing ripe germ 
cells forms a horseshoe-shaped loop with the open end toward the 
posterior end. The vitellaria extend into the sucker-bearing portion. 

Measurements in balsam: Length, 4.5 mm.; breadth, at level of 
anterior suckers, 0.2 mm., at level of ovary 0.9 mm.; length of sucker- 
bearing portion about 2.3 mm.; anterior sucker, length, 0.09 mm., 
breadth, 0.06 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.08 mm., breadth, 0.05 mm.; 
posterior suckers, 0.07 by 0.05 mm.; about 70 suckers on each side. 


Genus AXINE Abilgaard, 1794 
AXINE GRACILIS, new species 
PLATE 17, Figures 228-230 


The collection contains three specimens, mounted in balsam: two 
adults, one of which lacks the greater part of the region back of the 
ovary, and one young specimen. 

These worms are slender and of nearly uniform breadth through- 
out the greater part of the length, tapering slightly near the anterior 


TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 23 


end, which is characterized by having a shallow notch with irreg- 
ularly scalloped outline at the extreme anterior tip in front of the 
somewhat diagonally placed anterior suckers. The posterior end is 
expanded into a trumpet-shaped, sucker-bearing portion asymmetri- 
cally placed. There are about 60 posterior suckers in the adult spec- 
imen and about 50 in the young specimen. The pharynx is small and 
the esophagus short. The intestines, except near the anterior end, are 
concealed by the vitellaria. Genital atrium, behind forking of in- 
testine, unarmed, Ovary at about the anterior third of the body, 
folded upon itself, the two ends pointing forward. In the adult 
specimen the right and shorter portion of the ovary contains small 
and much crowded germ cells; the left portion is about twice the 
length of the right, and contains large germ cells, with thick 
walls. The seminal receptacle and yolk reservoir le in front of 
the left division of the ovary, and the shell gland and ootype 
at its anteromedian border. The follicles of the vitellaria are rather 
coarse, and fill the body from near the anterior, to near the posterior 
end, and from side to side except a narrow region along the median 
line, in front of and behind the ovary, and the space occupied by 
the ovary. The testes lie in a linear series, and are confined to a 
narrow median region reaching from the ovary to within a short 
distance of the posterior end of the vitellaria. In the adult specimen 
20 testes were counted, and in the young specimen 14. 

Measurements of adult in balsam: Length, 5.2 mm.; breadth, 
0.45 mm.; anterior suckers, length, 0.03 mm.; breadth, 0.04 mm.; 
anterior end to intestinal rami, 0.18 mm., to vitellaria, 0.7 mm.; 
posterior end to vitellaria, 0.4 mm. 

Type specimens—Holotype, U.S.N.M. No. 8168; paratypes, No. 
8167. 

Host.—Garfish (Strongylura marina). 

Record of collections.—One, collected September 9, 1907, from gills 
of a 9.5-inch garfish. The process of eggz-making was in progress 
in this specimen. So far as it could be seen it proceeded in the same 
order as has been observed in E’ntobdella bumpusit.® 

One, collected August 27, 1910. 

One young (U.S.N.M. No. 8167), collected August 30, 1911. Di- 
mensions, balsam: Length, 2 mm., breadth, 0.21 mm., anterior end to 
vitellaria, 0.4 mm.; anterior suckers, length, 0.03 mm., breadth, 
0.036 mm. 

One (U.S.N.M. No. 8168), collected September 10, 1912. 


> Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1898, pp. 286, 287, 1900; and Biol. Bull., vol. 14, pp. 19-26, 
1908. 


24 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88 
HETERAXINE, new genus 


This trematode agrees with the genus Microcotyle in having nu- 
merous suckers in two longitudinal rows on the posterior sucker- 
bearing portion, but differs from that genus in having the suckers of 
one of the rows fewer and much larger than those in the other row. 

Type species —Heteraxine cokeri, new species. 


HETERAXINE COKER], new species 
PLATE 17, Ficures 231-233 


Body stoutish, tapering slightly to a rounded point at the anterior 
end; posterior sucker-bearing portion with two parallel rows of 
suckers, the one on the right side containing about 10 large suckers, 
the one on the left side with 30 or more small suckers. AI the 
suckers are supported by a chitinous framework. Length in balsam, 
about 5 mm.; breadth, 1 mm. One of the large suckers measured 
0.28 mm. in length and 0.35 mm. in breadth; one of the small suckers, 
length, 0.08 mm., breadth, 0.14 mm. Length of anterior suckers, 
0.1 mm., breadth, 0.06; pharynx, length, 0.09 mm., breadth, 0.07 mm. ; 
esophagus very short; genital aperture a short distance back of 
pharynx, at forking of intestine; retracted cirrus with a fascicle of 
slender spinelike hooks. These hooks are arranged in two circles, 
an outer with hooks 0.045 mm. in length and an inner with hooks 
0.12 mm. in length. The ovary, as much of it as could be made out, 
which is the part that contains large, nucleated cells, begins on the 
left side of the median line, goes forward a short distance, crosses to 
the outer side, then turns posteriorly, and immediately returns to 
the median line, or a little to the left of it. Two main vitelline ducts 
unite in a single short vessel on the ventral side of the ovary. It was 
not possible to determine the exact number of testes, on account of 
the irregular shape and lobed character of some of them. The num- 
ber appeared to be about 30. The vitellaria extend from about the 
level of the genital opening to near the posterior end of the sucker- 
bearing portion. An ovum in the uterus measured 0.3 mm, in length, 
exclusive of the long filament at the anterior end, and 0.08 mm. in 
diameter; another measured 0.4 by 0.11 mm., exclusive of the anterior 
filament. 

Type specimens —U.S.N.M. No. 8169 (holotype and paratypes) 

Host.—F resh-water drum (Aplodinotus grunniens). 

Record of collection—Two (U.S.N.M. No. 8169) received from 
Dr. R. E. Coker, Fairport, Iowa, No. 360 Meek Collection, May 
2, 1913. 


TREMATODES FROM FISHES—-LINTON 25 


Order DIGENEA van Beneden, 1858 


Suborder GASTEROSTOMATA Odhner, 1905 
Family GASTEROSTOMIDAE Braun, 1883 


Subfamily GASTEROSTOMINAE Monticelli, 1892 


Genus GASTEROSTOMUM Siebold, 1848 
GASTEROSTOMUM ARCUATUM Linton 
PLATE 18, Ficures 234, 235 


Gasterostomum arcuatum ‘LINTON, Bull. U. 8S. Fish Comm. for 1899, pp. 277, 278, 
297, 298, figs. 85-90, 1900; ibid., p. 446, 1901; Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., vol. 24, 
pp. 368, 365, fig. 235, 1905. 

As in other species of the Gasterostomidae, when any considerable 
number of individuals are examined, much variation in the relative 
positions of the genitalia is seen. This is due, in large part, to the 
ova, which often accumulate in enormous numbers. Thus, in the 
specimen figured it will be noted that the cirrus pouch extends only 
about halfway from the posterior end to the second testis, whereas 
it was represented in the original description of the species as ex- 
tending to the second testis. Also, instead of only about three vitel- 
line follicles on each side behind the level of the ventral sucker, there 
are in this specimen about twice that number. The number of 
follicles is, as a rule, 16 on each side. In the specimen figured the 
number appeared to be 16 on the left side and 15 on the right. The 
saccular intestine, in uncompressed specimens, seems to extend back 
to the ventral sucker, but in flattened specimens it may extend both 
anteriorly and posteriorly, as shown in the figure. 

Measurements in balsam: Length, 2.38 mm., breadth, 0.28 mm.; 
anterior sucker, length, 0.075 mm., breadth, 0.081 mm.; ventral sucker, 
length, 0.06 mm., breadth, 0.066 mm.; ova, rather thick-shelled, about 
0.018 by 0.01 mm. 

Hosts——This species appears to be of frequent occurrence in the 
bonito (Sarda sarda), where it has been found free in the stomach 
and intestine, also encysted in the pyloric caeca and liver. Other hosts: 
Common mackerel (Scomber scombrus), cutlassfish (T'richiurus leptu- 
rus), common codfish (Gadus morrhua). 

Record of collections——Recorded from the bonito on 19 dates in 
July and August, in 9 different years, from 1903 to 1928; approxi- 
mately 1,100 from 15 fishes in July and 500 from 15 fishes in August 
(U.S.N.M. No. 8170). 


26 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM yOL, 88 


On August 20, 1903, yellowish cysts 3 mm. in diameter, more or 
less, were found on the serous coat of the pyloric ceca of a bonito. 
Some of the deeper cysts were covered with a silvery coat. Most 
of the ova from these cysts were about 0.018 by 0.011 mm. There 
was some variation in size. Thus cne ovum measured 0.021 by 0.014 
mm. On July 22, 1926, the liver of a bonito, thickly beset with cysts, 
was brought to me by Dr. Rudolph Bennett. The older cysts were 
dark brown and filled with waxy, degenerate tissue; others yellow. 
While examining a piece of the liver two gasterostomes were noted. 
Later, after teasing portions of the liver, 250 gasterostomes were 
secured. A cyst, 8 mm. in diameter, was opened and found to be 
filled with eggs of this gasterostome. It would appear that the worms 
make their way from the stomach into the liver by way of the bile 
duct, in the branches of which they remain free for some time. 
Ultimately they become centers of irritation which are closed off 
by walls of connective tissue. 

Five, collected July 26, 1928, from mackerel; viscera of 12 fishes 
examined. Measurements in balsam: Length, 1.26 mm.; breadth, 
0.18 mm.; diameter of anterior sucker, 0.07 mm., of ventral sucker, 
0.04 mm.; anterior end to vitellaria, 0.28 mm., to ventral sucker, 
0.388 mm.; ova with thickish shells, 0.015 by 0.009 mm. 

Two, collected by Vinal N. Edwards, June 18, 1913, from cutlass- 
fish. Lengths in formalin, 1.92 and 2.1mm. The neck is relatively 
shorter and thicker than it is in specimens from the bonito. In 
balsam the vitellaria are seen in lateral view and it is difficult to 
determine their number; 32 were counted in one and 28 in the other. 
Measurements of larger specimen in balsam: Length, 1.68 mm.; 
breadth, 0.39 mm.; anterior end to ventral sucker, 0.39 mm.; diameter 
of anterior sucker, 0.1 mm., of ventral sucker, 0.07 mm.; ova with 
thickish shells, 0.018 by 0.012 mm. 

One (U.S.N.M. No. 8170), collected December 18, 1912, from cod- 
fish; 10 fishes examined. This specimen, somewhat macerated, is filled 
with ova, which obscure the anatomy. The cirrus pouch extends to 
the level of the middle of the second testis. The testes are relatively 
large, close together, one following the other; the ovary is separated 
by a short space from the first testis; vitellaria largely concealed by 
the ova, but appear to extend to the first testis, being represented by 
granules not aggregated into follicles. Dimensions in balsam: 
Length, 2.83 mm., breadth, 0.24 mm.; diameter of anterior sucker 
about 0.08 mm.; ventral sucker, length, 0.07 mm., breadth, 0.06 mm.; 
anterior end to first folds of uterus, 0.48 mm., to vitellaria, 0.81 mm. ; 
ova somewhat variable in size and outline, about 0.21 by 0.012 mm., 
shells thickish. 


TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 27 


GASTEROSTOMUM CAPITATUM, new species 
PLATE 18, FrecurEs 236-239 


Fusiform, tapering rather more toward anterior than posterior 
end; densely covered with minute, blunt spines; anterior sucker 
ventral, preceded by a capitate hoodlike structure, which when fully 
expanded is much broader than the diameter of the neck at the level 
of the anterior sucker. Vitellaria 16 or more on each side, separated 
from the anterior sucker by a space equal to one-fifth or more of the 
length and extending little, if any, back of the level of the ventral 
sucker. Ventral sucker a little in front of the middle of the body; 
intestinal caecum, in uncompressed specimens, posterior to ventral 
sucker; ovary on right side of intestine; testes on right side, close 
together, one following the other, the first testis near the ovary. The 
cirrus pouch extends forward to the level of the second testis. The 
uterus may fill the greater part of the body back of the vitellaria, but 
was not observed to extend in front of the vitellaria. 

Type specimens.—U.S.N.M. No. 8172 (holotype and paratypes). 


TABLE 6.—MVeasurements of five specimens of Gasterstomum capitatum in balsam 


Measurement 1 2 3 4 5 


Weerip tSeee Se RGF fe See Ts EE ae lB SSE) eek 1.82 1.96 1.82 1. 68 1.05 
Breadth ofcanitate head 22-2 ke ee eee kG, - 20 ~22 moe .21 
Breadth; leveliofianterior sucker .—- 2225-2. _=- 2222-2 ee .14 ana ald .14 15 
Breadth} inearimiddle; maximum *. 200) 232! ware sey . 57 . 50 - 63 43 .42 
ANLCrIOn SUCKer ong the. aa A ee -10 opal 11 ait 2 
AM enionsucker sbreaG thee a= 2-5 cee eae -10 -il ol sii wl2 
Diametoriveutralisucker.-_ 22 20s2 32 Ske Ne eee eae eg as Ley - 06 .07 .07 .07 .07 
Anterionendito vitellaria- WW 228. OS. A ea ee ee 55 59 42 38 35 
Anterioriend: to: ventralisucker: -222s20- 22 2hoce ee ae ee 76 90 73 62 52 


Host—F¥rigate mackerel (Auais rochei). 

Record of collection—Seventeen (U.S.N.M. No. 8172), collected 
July 12, 1912. Dimensions, life, compressed: Length, 2.21 mm.; 
breadth, of capitate anterior end, 0.24 mm., maximum of body, 0.66 
mm.; diameter of anterior sucker, 0.21 mm., of ventral sucker, 0.1 
mm.; ova, 0.015 by 0.01 mm., shells not thick. 


28 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88 
Subfamily PROSORHYNCHINAE Nicoll, 1914 


Genus PROSORHYNCHUS Odhner, 1905 
PROSORHYNCHUS CRUCIBULUM (Rudolphi) 


PLATE 18, Ficures 240-242 


Prosorhynchus crucibulum (Rudolphi), Nicott, Parasitology, vol. 3, pp. 352-354, 
fig. 7, 1910. 


Two gasterostomes from the conger eel, mounted in balsam, al- 
though showing the anatomy incompletely on account of the masses 
of ova which fill the greater part of the body back of the vitellaria, 
agree closely with this species as it is described by Nicoll. The body 
is covered with minute spines and does not vary much in breadth; 
the breadth at the widest part approximately one-third the length. 
The anterior sucker is a comparatively large muscular structure, to 
which Nicoll gives the appropriate name “rhynchus.” It tapers to a 
wedge shape posteriorly and reaches about to the anterior follicles of 
the vitellaria. The follicles of the vitellaria are irregular in shape, 
and form an arcuate, transverse cluster in front of the intestinal 
caecum and anterior folds of the uterus. The ventral sucker is a little 
back of the middle, and the intestinal caecum is directed forward. 
In one of the specimens the testes are opposite, the ovary lies at the 
dorsal border of the right testis, and the cirrus pouch impinges on 
the posterior edge of the right testis. In the other specimen the 
testes are crowded to the right side and the cirrus pouch is on the 
left side, its anterior end about on a level with the left testis, which 
is at the anteromedian border of the right testis. The ovary is at 
the anterior border of the right testis, its posterior border also touch- 
ing the left testis, and its anterior edge on a level with the ventral 
sucker. The ova have thickish shells, but are somewhat distorted 
when closely packed together; average size about 0.036 by 0.024 mm. 

Host.—Conger eel (Conger conger). 


TABLE 7.—Measurements of two specimens of Prosorhynchus crucibulum in 


balsam 
Measurement 1 2 
Mm Mm. 
1 CY 6g 10 5 ee pa a Pape EAS SL 9 EEN DIP Sreemeege rent) AER PAS NTE ess ee ee ae de oe 1. 96 2. 24 
Da ge): (0 Ns ene i Ad Ep ph eB et eee eam ee Ll ae TLR BN eel sas nl ey oa .70 -70 
Anterior sucker) length: 2. 20.0 See a Re SU, ih .39 . 67 
Anterior sucker Dreagth enn eae 1 ee ne are a eens ay ee . 28 52 
Diameter of-ventral Sucker eo. oe aR ON a ee 18 .19 
Anteriorend:tosvitellaria 2 Gog see 2 ce ee Ted ee la ee - 38 . 63 


TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 29 


Record of collection—Two (U.S.N.M. No. 8173), collected Sep- 
tember 20, 1912; length in formalin, 3 mm.; breadth, 1 mm. 


PROSORHYNCHUS OVATUS (Linton) 


PLATE 18, Figures 248, 244 


Monostomum orbiculare Rudolphi, Linton, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 20, pp. 
541, 542, pl. 54, figs. 2-5, 1899. 

Gasterostomum ovatum Lan'ron, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, p. 297, 1900; 
ibid., p. 457, 1901. 

Prosorhynchus ovatus (Linton), Dott~rus, Fauna des Colonies Frangaises, 
Helmintha, vol. 1, pp. 100-105, figs. 14-17, 1929. 

Since earlier descriptions of this species have been lacking in some 
particulars, the following emended description is given: 

Body ovate, depressed, flattened ventrally, convex dorsally, covered 
with minute spines; broadest as a rule about at the level of the ventral 
sucker, which is not far from the anterior third; broadly rounded at 
the anterior end and usually tapering posteriorly to a bluntly rounded 
point. Anterior sucker subterminal, nearly circular; ventral sucker 
approximately one-half the diameter of the anterior sucker. The 
sacculate intestine extends forward from the ventral sucker and gives 
off a slender cecum from its dorsal side, which extends back about to, 
or a little beyond, the posterior end of the second testis, its posterior 
end lying between the second testis and the anterior half of the cirrus- 
pouch, Testes two, on the right side, somewhat variable in shape, 
in some cases being longer than broad, in others broader than long, 
and in yet others circular in outline, close together, usually somewhat 
diagonally placed. The cirrus pouch les on the left side of the 
median line, its anterior end, which encloses the seminal vesicle, 
extending forward about to the level of the anterior edge of the 


TaBLe 8.—Measurements of five specimens of Prosorhynchus ovatus in balsam. 
(1 to 4, whole mounts; 5, frontal sections) 


Measurement 1 2 3 4 5 


Mm. | Mm. | Mm. | Mm. | Mm. 


Moennig Uae oe at a es n= Se ME Sh ee a Se oe 3.15 2. 84 2. 52 2.24 1. 68 
Breadth, level of anterior sucker______.__.___-____-_--____-___- 63 70 - 63 70 -35 
Breadth leveliofiventralisucker.- 22-20 8k = 1. 22 1. 28 1. 26 1. 26 . 63 
Broad thy eam DOSLeCLION ON Came ae as oe se tee ae eee 56 56 49 49 - 28 
Anterior end to ventral sucker___.____-.____--_____--------_-_- 98 1.07 95 71 - 63 
SANTOPION SUCKOL LENE bie ess ae 2 nee eo kes hee he ES BN 25 25 . 28 25 .16 
FATILELION SUCK OL; DICROL Ne sa— 2 sean see eens oe yee . 26 . 24 ARP . 28 - 20 
Diameteriof ventral/suckers) 834. 28. Disa oil eit -15 -15 15 -15 212 
Ovary lenet iis soakese 928 6 es el ie ie ee . 24 30 . 30 al! 18 
Ovary preddthias score eee ance eee se eee 21 22 . 22 -16 14 
Wirstitestiss lengthue few Sieve. Se See Bas see Sey te ees 49 52 . 36 - 28 22 
irstitestis: bresdunee 2-952 2k eg yl a 2 31 42 32 .29 18 
Secondtestis; deneth*: -s~-oe ane ee ee eee 60 62 35 . 32 24 
SeconditestisAbreddt hia cee a Fas ee £9 8 Oe aE 28 35 . 36 .32 17 


30 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88 


second testis. Ovary on right side in front of first testis, from which 
it is separated usually by a space approximately equal to its own 
diameter, and usually a little in front of the level of the ventral 
sucker; shell gland at posteromedian border of ovary. The viteilaria 
are arranged in a somewhat arcuate cluster of follicles on each side 
from about the level of the ventral sucker to the level of the posterior 
border of the anterior sucker. The lateral clusters of follicles may or 
may not meet in the midventral region behind the anterior sucker. 
The folds of the uterus are widely distributed, and may extend from 
the posterior end as far forward as the level of the anterior border 
of the sacculate intestine, or farther. The ova are very numerous; 
they measure about 0.018 by 0.015 mm. in balsam, and have thickish 
shells. 

Host.—¥ lasher (Lobotes surinamensis). 

Record of collections—Nine (U.S.N.M. No. 8174), collected August 


1, 1918. 
PROSORHYNCHUS GRACILESCENS (Rudolphi) 


PLATE 18, Fiaurgs 245-249 


Gasterostomum sp. Linton, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, pp. 277, 298, fig. 91, 
1900; ibid. p. 442, 1901. 

Gasterostomum gracilescens Rudolphi, Linton, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., vol. 24, 
p. 335, figs. 230-232, 1905.—Wagner, TENNENT, Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci., vol. 
49, pp. 635-690, pls. 39-42, 1906. 


I refer to this species certain gasterostomes of very diverse shape, 
frequently occurring in the garfish (Strongylura marina) and simi- 
lar forms and found less frequently in the silversides (Menidia 
notata) and other Woods Hole fishes. 

These forms vary in size, shape, and relative positions of the geni- 
talia. The body, densely covered with small, scalelike spines, is 
usually more or less fusiform. The anterior sucker is relatively large 
and ventrally placed. The anterior end varies from capitate to 
bluntly and evenly rounded. The ventral sucker is usually a little 
in front of the middle, but, in strongly contracted specimens, it may 
be about the middle; it is subglobular and joined to the oval-ellip- 
tical, or pyriform, intestinal cecum by a short esophagus. The intes- 
tinal cecum is directed toward the anterior end. The cirrus pouch is 
relatively large, on the left side, its posterior portion thin-walled and 
more or less coiled in contracted specimens; the anterior portion is 
thick-walled, and encloses the seminal vesicle at its anterior end. The 
testes are usually diagonally placed, the second near the right side 
with the first at its anteromedian edge. They are not far from the 
middle of the length. They may, however, be crowded into various 
positions by the accumulating ova. In some cases they may lie, one 


TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 31 


behind the other, close to the right side, or nearly opposite each other 
near the median line. Usually the first testis is behind the level of 
the ventral sucker, but in some cases it is crowded forward until its 
posterior edge is on a level with the ventral sucker. The ovary lies 
in front of the testes, and is usually near or in contact with one or 
both of the testes. It may be larger or smaller than a testis, or it 
may be about the same dimensions. Usually the testes are about the 
same size, circular, oval, subtriangular, to oval-elliptical in outline. 
The vitellaria, consisting of about 32 follicles, extend across the body 
from side to side, in some cases a short distance back of the anterior 
sucker, in others crowded forward so as to overlap the anterior 
sucker. The follicles extend but a short ways, if at all, along the 
sides. The uterus is very voluminous and may fill the body from 
the posterior end to the anterior sucker, thus more or less obscuring 
the anatomy. The eggs are small, about 0.015 by 0.009 mm. in bal- 
sam; shells thin, and usually more or less collapsed. No satisfactory 
formula can be given to describe the relative positions of the geni- 
talia. For example, the anterior end of the cirrus pouch is, in some 
cases, about at the level of the posterior edge of the second testis, and 
therefore far back of the ventral sucker. In other cases the anterior 
end of the cirrus pouch may be in front of the first testis and in front 
of the ventral sucker. 

In some there is a distinct cap overhanging the anterior sucker 
(pl. 18, fig. 246). In others the cap is reduced to a buttonlike proc- 
ess, and in still others there is no trace of it. In some, also, the 
anterior sucker appears to be retracted (pl. 18, fig. 247). 


TABLE 9.—Measurements of six specimens of Prosorhynchus gracilescens, in 
balsam 


Measurement 1 2 3 4 6 61 


Meng theese hes se ON kL We ge 1. 33 1. 36 1, 04 1.05 0. 76 0. 54 
iBreadthwan terior. end ees -.e toe pee een see . 20 .35 ~o2 ~25 Gees 
Breadth. amid dase hy See ee eae ee Ge . 46 nO? . 60 . 46 -385 . 45 
‘Breadth, near, posterior end 22242 ee - 20 . 28 . 28 15 eM eee 2 
AMteLION SUCKEr, eNet he ok et ee Se i .18 - 18 . 20 .16 .16 21 
Anterior sucker, breadth_____- IEPA SEs Oe eS a . 16 .24 24 . 20 .18 -20 
Diameter ofaventralisucker: 4 eee . 06 .07 .07 .07 06 TE eee 


1 No. 6, shown in pl. 18, fig. 247, represents an extreme case of contraction. 


The above account is based on material from the garfish (Stron- 
gylura marina). 

Hosts.—Silversides (Menidia notata), kingfish (Menticirrhus), gar 
(Strongylura marina), goggler (Z'rachurops crumenophthalma). 

Record of collections ——One, immature, collected August 26, 1904, 
from silversides. Dimensions, life: Length 1.4 mm.; breadth 0.55 


32 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88 


mm.; diameter of anterior sucker 0.21 mm., of posterior sucker 
0.09 mm. 

Twenty-four (U.S.N.M. No. 8175), collected by Dr. C. W. Hahn, 
August 8, 1910, from silversides; cysts in flesh behind dorsal fin. Di- 
mensions, life: Length 1.08 mm.; breadth 0.51 mm.; diameter of an- 
terior sucker 0.25 mm., of ventral sucker 0.1 mm. Dimensions in 
balsam : Length 0.87 mm.; breadth 0.46 mm.; length of anterior sucker 
0.15 mm., breadth 0.22 mm.; length of ventral sucker 0.08 mm., 
breadth 0.09 mm. 

Eighteen (U.S.N.M. No. 8176), collected August 27, 1928, from 
kingfish. These are small, minutely spinose gasterostomes of very 
diverse shapes. In general they are more or less pyriform, tapering 
more posteriorly than anteriorly. Anterior suckers relatively large, 
opening ventrally. In some there is a small buttonlike projection 
in front of the anterior sucker, as in some of the forms from the gar. 
The shape depends in part on the condition of the cirrus; when it is 
everted the posterior third of the body is more or less cylindrical; 
when the cirrus is retracted the body may be ovate or pyriform. The 
relative positions of the testes and ovary are subject to some differ- 
ences depending on the state of contraction, and particularly on their 
adjustment to the relatively large cirrus pouch. The vitellaria are 
in front of the other genitalia, except that they may be overlapped 
by folds of the voluminous uterus. In a typical example there ap- 
peared to be about 16 follicles of the vitellaria on each side of the 
median line forming a continuous band of follicles across the body 
just behind the anterior sucker. The ova were packed so closely that 
it was difficult to make satisfactory measurements. They are thin- 
shelled and about 0.012 by 0.008 mm. to 0.015 by 0.009 mm. in size. 


Taste 10.—Measurements of four specimens of Prosorhynchus gracilescens in 


balsam 
Measurement 1 2 3 4 
Mm Mm Mm. Mm. 
erage tiene eer tee pe eee a Seb ok | VIER ee 0. 57 0. 66 0. 78 0.81 
IB TOAG Leer eee eee eS UE eee aol 322 . 29 . 30 
ATLenlon SUCKer plenetn ves: 225 hee SS Ue a ee .17 .14 15 13 
PATILERIGESUCKOEDTOAG Lies eens sesh 2 ee ee maiz .14 .15 sd 
DIAMOLETIOLEVOM Ural SUCH OL ee 2S ae se ea seh oe ee AOS te ea - 06 


Specimens collected from garfish on one date in July, three dates 
in August, eight dates in September, and one date in October, over a 
period of seven years during 1907 to 1928. In July, 8 from 1 fish, in 
August, 45 from 15 fishes, in September, 767 from 11 fishes, in Octo- 
ber, 7 from 1 fish. The greatest number obtained from a single fish 
was 229, on September 9, 1923 (U.S.N.M. Nos. 8177-8178). 


TREMATODES FROM FISHES—-LINTON 33 


One (U.S.N.M. No. 8179), collected September 4, 1911, from 
goggler; 7 fishes examined. Measurements in balsam, compressed: 
Length, 1.4 mm.; breadth, 0.56 mm.; ova, 0.015 by 0.009 mm. The 
anatomy is concealed by the enormous number of ova. 


Genus NANNOENTERUM Ozaki, 1924 
NANNOENTERUM BACULUM (Linton) 
PLATE 18, Ficures 250, 251; PLATE 19, FIGURES 252, 253 


Gasterostomum sp. Linton, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, p. 447, figs. 369- 
372, 1901. 

Gasterostomum baculum Linton, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., vol. 24, p. 362, figs. 
233, 234, 1905. 

Bucephalus baculum (Linton), Nicotr, Journ. Marine Biol. Assoc. United 
Kingdom, vol. 10, p. 401, 1914. 

Nannoenterum baculum (Linton), MANTER, Parasitology, vol. 23, p. 397, 1931. 

The material available when the original description of this species 
was written, like much of the material hitherto referred by me to the 
genus Gasterostomum, was in poor condition, being more or less 
macerated. It was not until subsequent examination of material was 
made that the circle of tentacles surrounding the anterior sucker was 
noted. 

Body nearly linear, covered with dense spines, which are minute, 
flat, and scalelike in front view, but appear to be slender and bristle- 
like in edge view, as along the margins of the body. Anterior sucker 
relatively large, bluntly wedge-shaped; in dorsoventral view anterior 
end truncate, posterior end rounded; opening of sucker anterior and 
ventral, surrounded by about 20 short tentacles. Relative positions of 
the genitalia subject to some variation, owing to greater or lesser 
accumulation of ova in the uterus. Usually the ventral sucker is 
about the middle of the length. The intestinal cecum extends pos- 
teriorly, its walls made up of large cells. Testes near together, one 
following the other, more or less oval-elliptical, longer than broad, 
near middle of postacetabular region. Cirrus pouch extending to 
about the middle of the second testis. Ovary in front of testes, on a 
level with the posterior half of the intestinal cecum, smaller than 
testes, subspherical. Ovary and testes on right side. Vitellaria lat- 
eral, about 16 follicles on each side, in some cases nearly symmetrical, 
in others extending farther anteriorly or posteriorly than the other. 
Usually they extend from the level of the first testis to about the 
middle of the preacetabular region. In some of the mounted spec- 
imens there appear to be about 12 follicles cn one side and 16 on the 
other; in others about 15 follicles on each side; as many as 18 on a 
side were noted. The folds of the uterus may extend from the 

155599403 


34 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 88 


posterior end to within a short distance of the anterior end. The 
dark brown ova are usually massed in the midregions of the body 
obscuring the other genitalia. The ova have thickish, noncollapsed 
shells, bluntly rounded at one end, pointed at the other. 

Measurements, formalin specimens in glycerin: Length, 2.8 mm., 
breadth, 0.85 mm.; diameter circle of tentacles, 0.17 mm.; diameter of 
neck behind tentacles, 0.14 mm.; anterior sucker, length, 0.11 mm., 
breadth, 0.1 mm.; ventral sucker, length, 0.072 mm., breadth, 0.075 
mm.; ova, 0.024 by 0.013 mm., 0.024 by 0.018 mm. 

In a specimen 2.22 mm. long the ventral sucker was 1.22 mm. from 
the anterior end. 

The above description is based on material from the northern 
barracuda (Sphyraena borealis). 

Hosts——Northern barracuda (Sphyraena borealis), American 
smelt (Osmerus mordax), Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus mac- 
ulatus), mackerel scad (Decapterus macarellus), kingfish (Afenti- 
cirrhus sawatilis), clear ray (Raja diaphanes), barndoor skate (f. 
laevis). 

Record of collections—AlII collections made by Vinal N. Edwards 
in the months of April, September, October, and November, on 13 
dates, in 5 different years, from 1908 to 1913. (U.S.N.M. No. 8180.) 

From barracuda: One hundred, more or less, collected April 24, 
1908. . Many, collected September 27, 1910; 10 fishes examined. 
Hight, collected September 11, 1911, from one fish. Four hundred 
and sixty, more or less, collected October 10, 1911. Twenty-five, col- 
lected October 11, 1911. Two thousand two hundred and fifty, esti- 
mated, collected October 23, 1911; 40 fishes examined. Twenty-one, 
collected October 22, 1912; 100 fishes examined. Many, collected Octo- 
ber 29, 1912; 150 fishes examined. Many, collected November 18, 
1912; 18 fishes examined. One, collected September 18, 1913; 4 fishes 
examined. 

Two hundred and twenty-three, collected October 25, 1913; length, 
4.27 mm., more or less, in formalin; 120 fishes examined. One hun- 
dred and sixteen, more or less, collected October 29, 1913; 100 fishes 
examined. 

From smelt: Five, collected by Vinal N. Edwards, October 28, 1911, 
8 fishes examined. These specimens, in formalin, were in poor con- 
dition, being more or less macerated. Length in formalin, 2.24 mm., 
breadth, 0.22 mm. In a balsam specimen the diameter of the ventral 
sucker is 0.06 mm. ; anterior sucker, length, 0.12 mm., breadth, 0.09 mm. 
Ova, pointed at one end, 0.022 by 0.014 mm., in formalin. 

From Spanish mackerel: One, collected August 10, 1904, specimen 
imperfect. A reexamination of Gasterostoma collected from the 
Spanish mackerel at Beaufort, N. C., and at Woods Hole, Mass., 


TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 35 


showed that while anterior tentacles were indistinct, their presence 
was indicated; also some specimens show folds of the uterus extend- 
ing in front of the ventral sucker. 

From mackerel scad: One (U.S.N.M. No. 8181), collected October 
25, 1918; 20 fishes examined. Length, in formalin, 3.25 mm.; diam- 
eter of circle of tentacles, 0.28 mm., of body, 0.83 mm. Ova very 
numerous, from posterior end to a point 0.47 mm. back of the anterior 
end. Body minutely spinous. The cirrus pouch extends forward te 
level of anterior end of second testis; testes separated from each other 
by an interval less than the diameter of a single testis, and the ovary 
is separated from the first testis by an interval a little less than the 
diameter of the ovary. The vitelline follicles are partly concealed 
by ova. About 14 follicles can be counted on one side, extending from 
about the level of the anterior end of the second testis to a point 
0.08 mm. from the anterior end. Dimensions in balsam: Length, 
2.87 mm.; breadth, anterior, 0.17 mm., middle, 0.29 mm., near posterior 
end 0.18 mm.; anterior sucker, length, 0.14 mm., breadth, 0.14 mm.; 
diameter ventral sucker, 0.06 mm.; distance anterior end to vitellaria, 
0.81 mm., to uterus, 0.49 mm.; ova pointed at one end, 0.024 by 
0.012 mm. 

From kingfish: Five (U.S.N.M. No. 8182), collected October 26, 
1912. Length in formalin, 3.22 mm.; breadth, 0.24 mm.; about eight 
of the circle of papillae visible in dorsal view. Measurements in bal- 
sam: Length, 1.61 mm., breadth, 0.25 mm.; anterior sucker, length, 
0.1 mm., breadth, 0.09 mm.; diameter ventral sucker, 0.05 mm.; ova, 
0.024 by 0.015 mm. One specimen showed about 14 vitelline follicles 
on each side. 

The collection contains examples of this Nannoenterwm from two 
species of ray. Since the occurrence of this parasite in a ray is excep- 
tional it is probably to be regarded as a case of introduction along 
with fish in which it was a common parasite. This is probably also 
the explanation of the frequent macerated condition in which this 
parasite was found in certain hosts. 

Four (U.S.N.M. No. 8183), collected September 27, 1910, from 
stomach of clear ray. Length in formalin, 2.76 mm.; breadth, 0.35 
mm.; anterior end surrounded by small, spinelike papillae; body nearly 
cylindrical, bluntly rounded at posterior end, tapering to anterior end; 
anterior, 0.25 mm. of length necklike. Measurements in balsam: 
Length, 2 mm.; breadth, 0.32 mm.; anterior sucker, length, 0.12 mm.. 
breadth, 0.18 mm.; length of tentacles, 0.015 to 0.021 mm.; diameter 
of testis, 0.18 mm., of ovary, 0.13 mm.; ova, 0.021 by 0.018 mm. ‘Two 
of the four mounted specimens have very few spines. The uterus 
extends from near the posterior end to a point about halfway between 
the vitellaria and the anterior end. In each of the specimens the ova 


36 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 88 


were massed in front of the ventral sucker, thus hiding much of the 
vitellaria. The follicles of the vitellaria are rounded masses about 
0.03 mm. in diameter, about 10 counted on the right side and 16 on 
the left. On the right side they extend in a single row for a distance 
of about 0.5 mm.; on the left side they extend from the anterior edge of 
the first testis forward in an irregular double row, partly concealed 
by ova, for a distance of about 0.06 mm. The ovary lay a little way in 
front of the first testis to the right of the median line. The testes 
were nearly circular in outline, one following the other and about 
0.4 mm. from the posterior end. 

Six (U.S.N.M. No. 8184), collected November 20, 1912, from barn- 
door skate. 

Measurements in formalin: Length, 2.66 mm.; diameter of circle 
of papillae, 0.15 mm.; maximum diameter of body, 0.28 mm.; about 
20 short, conical papillae in anterior circle; ova, pointed at one end, 
0.023 by 0.018 mm. The specimens in balsam are not in good condi- 
tion. It was found that unless especial precautions were taken these 
gasterostomes, which had been preserved in formalin, shriveled badly 
when transferred from absolute alcohol to the clearing fluid. 


NANNOENTERUM GORGON (Linton) 


PLATE 19, FIGURES 254-256 


Gasterostomum gorgon LiInTON, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., vol. 24, p. 864, figs. 240— 
242, 1905. 

The shape of the body is somewhat variable, but in most of the 
specimens of the collection there is not much difference in the breadth 
for the greater part of the length; covered anteriorly with dense, low, 
flat, rounded spines. Anterior sucker relatively large, surrounded 
by about 20 tentacles, which, when extended are slender-pointed. 
Ventral sucker behind middle of length. In one specimen, 2.66 mm. 
long, the ventral sucker was 1.68 mm. from the anterior end; in 
another, 2.9 mm. long, the ventral sucker was 1.57 mm. from the 
anterior end. The intestinal cecum extends anteriorly from the ven- 
tral sucker. The cirrus pouch may extend forward so as to overlap 
the second testis. The testes lie on the right side, one following the 
other, usually with a short interval between them. The ovary usu- 
ally lies on a level with the ventral sucker, and a short distance in 
front of the first testis. The vitellaria are laterally placed, about 32 
follicles in all, the anteriors of which are at about the anterior fourth, 
or fifth, of the body length, and the posteriors but little if any back 
of the ventral sucker. In one specimen four follicles on one side lay 
back of the ventral sucker, the most posterior of them on a level with 
the posterior edge of the ovary. There were 17 follicles on that side, 


TREMATODES FROM FISHES—-LINTON ae 


and but 13 could be made out on the other. The folds of the uterus 
may extend from the posterior end to the anterior sucker. The ova 
have thickish shells, tend to be more or less bluntly pointed at one 
end, and measure 0.018 by 0.01 mm. to 0.021 by 0.012 mm. 


TasBLE 11.—Measurements of five specimens of Nannoenterum gorgon in balsam 


Measurement 1 2 3 4 5 


Mm. | Mm. | Mm. | Mm. | Mm. 


GTO ime = ot eles a ayaa es entire eee See arts a ane eae ts 3.13 3. 08 2. 82 2. 38 3. 08 
IBYCAG UT an LOLiGhe = eer ene. Pea ene WR EE ele DS 225 y’2) “30 nan wee 
Breadth, middle__________- Pe ee Se Ty ee ee le 2 hee, PAE a0 . 42 .39 . 29 .33 
iBresd thy neanmposherion enGuss- 25 3a seats eee eka - 31 . 20 .14 .22 
Anterior’ suckers length= 2. - 25/4 Asser Ns ae OE ee 24 . 24 . 28 shal not 
Anteriorsucker; breadth. fo! a5 2 8 Base eu ee ei ee .19 eal 222, 18 .22 
IATILOTIONSHCK OE CONVILCARIS soe ea nae Sas eee nee eee . 63 .74 -91 . 56 . 87 
Anitemor sucker to terus.2(2sA, Rio 2 £8 Doe Sebel eed - 01 . 53 - 56 .35 - 40 
Diameteriventralsuck ers. - 2! 4: ene ®t ss Pee EE ee . 06 . 06 . 06 . 06 . 06 


Host.—Gyreat amberfish (Seriola lalandi). 

Record of collections.—Nine, collected August 14, 1906, 6 from in- 
testine of host, 1 from pyloric ceca, 2 from stomach; all macerated. 

Ninety-eight (U.S.N.M. No. 8185), collected by Vinal N. Edwards, 
September 20, 1910; three fishes examined. Dimensions in formalin: 
Length, 3.29 mm.; breadth, anterior 0.21 mm., middle 0.35 mm., pos- 
terior 0.21 mm.; length of tentacle 0.15 mm.; ova 0.02 by 0.01 mm. 


Suborder PROSOSTOMATA Odhner, 1905 
Family ASPIDOGASTRIDAE Poche, 1907 


Genus STICHOCOTYLE Cunningham, 1884 
STICHOCOTYLE NEPHROPIS Cunningham 
PLATE 19, FIGURES 257-259 


See SrTites and HAssaty, U. 8S. Hyg. Lab. Bull. 37, p. 364, 1908, for earlier 
literature. 

Stichocotyle nephropis ODHNER, Kongl. Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl., vol. 45, 
No. 3, pp. 1-16 (reprint), 5 figs., 1 pl., 1910. 

A single specimen of this trematode (U.S.N.M. No. 8186) was 
collected by Vinal N. Edwards from a barndoor skate (Raja laevis), 
taken off Nantucket, June 4, 1906. 

The exact location of the worm in its host was not noted. The 
immature, encysted stage of this trematode has been found in the 
Norway and the American lobsters; the sexually mature stage has 
been found in Europe in the liver and gall bladder of species of Raja. 

The specimen was stained and mounted in balsam. So far as the 
anatomy can be made out it is in agreement with Odhner’s descrip- 


38 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88 


tion of S. nephropis. There are about 22 ventral suckers. The geni- 
tal pore lies near the anterior border of the first ventral sucker, a 
little to the right of the median line. The ovary is ventral and 
lies just behind the fifth ventral sucker. The shell gland is at the 
posterior median border of the ovary. The two testes are dorsal, 
separated from each other by a distance less than the diameter of a 
single testis and both lying between the sixth and seventh suckers. 
The early folds of the uterus are filled with sperm and scattered 
ova. A few follicles of the vitellaria were noted, lying along the 
dorsal side, a little in front of the first testis; thence they extend 
to within 1.5 mm. of the posterior end, as a single mass of more or 
less pyriform follicles. Throughout the posterior half or more of 
their course they occupy from one-third to one-half the diameter of 
the body. The folds of the uterus are very voluminous, and fill most 
of the body, from a point about 2.8 mm. from the anterior end to a 
point about 43 mm. from the posterior end. The ova are very 
numerous, oval-elliptical in outline, and have thick shells, about 0.1 
by 0.06 mm. in the two principal diameters. None of the ova were 
observed to have a lid at one end, as figured by Odhner. The intes- 
tine and excretory vessels extend to very near the posterior end, 
where the excretory vessels unite in a short muscular sinus. 

Measurements in balsam: Length, 42 mm.; breadth, 1 mm. from 
the anterior end, 1.4 mm., maximum, about the middle, 1.75 mm.; 
1 mm. from the posterior end 0.36 mm.; pharynx, nearly circular in 
outline, diameter, 0.28 mm.; ovary, length, 0.85 mm., breadth, 0.49 
mm.; first testis, length, 0.63 mm., breadth, 0.84 mm.; second testis, 
length, 0.75 mm., breadth, 0.77 mm.; distance between testes, 0.35 
mm.; ova, 0.1 by 0.06 mm., thickness of shell, 0.01 mm. The ovary 
is 0.21 mm. in front of the first testis, and about 14 mm. from the 
anterior end of the body. 

On August 2, 1926, Dr. Rudolph Bennett brought to my laboratory 
several specimens of the immature stage of this trematode collected 
from the rectum of a lobster (Homarus americanus). These agree 
with W. S. Nickerson’s description of S. nephropis from the Ameri- 
can lobster.6 The suckers range in diameter from 13 to 17 mm. 
Rudiments on the testes, ovary, and vitellaria are present (U.S.N.M. 
No. 8187). 

On May 23, 1930, Miss Carol Moore brought to my laboratory at 
the University of Pennsylvania 15 specimens of the immature stage 
of 8. nephropis, which she had found encysted in the serous coat of 
the rectum of a lobster. 


® Zool. Jahrb., Abt. Anat. und Ont., vol. 8, pp. 447-480, pls. 29-31, 1895. 


TREMATODES FROM FISHES—-LINTON 39 
Family STERINGOPHORIDAE Odhner, 1911 
Subfamily STERINGOPHORINAE Odhner, 1911 


Genus STERINGOPHORUS Odhner, 1905 
STERINGOPHORUS FURCIGER (Olsson) 


PLATE 19, FiguRES 260-265; PLATE 20, FIGURES 266, 267 


Leioderma furcigerum Olsson, StTarrorp, Zool. Anz., vol. 27, p. 486, 1904. 

Steringophorus furciger (Olsson), ODHNER, Die Trematoden des arktischen 
Gebietes, pp. 305-310, pl. 2, figs. 6, 7, 1905. 

Steringophorus furciger (Olsson), Nicotn, Parasitology, vol. 6, pp. 190, 192, 
1913. 

Steringophorus furciger (Olsson), FUHRMANN, Kiikenthal-Krumbach’s Hand- 
buch der Zoologie, vol. 2, p. 38, fig. 39, 1928. 

Distomes collected by Vinal N. Edwards from the four-spotted 
flounder and the winter flounder are here recorded. 

Note made after preliminary examination of formalin material: 
Outline oval, tapering to blunt extremities, varying from short oval 
with breadth nearly half the length, to linear oval with breadth but 
little more than one third the length; translucent, with cirrus pouch 
and vitellaria showing as white opaque spots; uterus with smoky- 
brown ova; aperture of ventral sucker in most cases transverse. 

The following description is based on whole mounts in balsam and 
on series of sections: 

Body long-ovate, smooth, tapering to each end; posterior end a 
little more pointed than anterior. Oral sucker circular, ventrally 
placed; no prepharynx; pharynx much smaller than oral sucker; 
esophagus as long as or longer than pharynx; intestinal rami begin 
about halfway between oral and ventral suckers and extend to a point 
not far from halfway between the ventral sucker and the posterior 
end; ventral sucker broader than long, much larger than oral sucker. 
Cirrus pouch large, between intestinal rami and ventral sucker, its 
thick walls abundantly supplied with prostatic cells. Ovary morula- 
like, mainly on right side of median line between the right testis 
and the ventral sucker; vitelline glands two, lateral to testes and 
extending forward to about the level of the posterior edge of the 
ventral sucker. The uterus proceeds from the shell gland, just behind 
the ovary, forward to the ventral sucker, then turns and passes back 
between the testes and fills the greater part of the posttesticular 
space; returning, the uterus, or metraterm, passes on the dorsal side 
of the ventral sucker, on the left side of the cirrus pouch to the geni- 
tal pore. The excretory vessel is a single dorsal tube from the poste- 
rior end to a point between the testes, where it divides into a right 
and a left branch, which extends to the anterior end. Laurer’s canal 


40 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88 


originates near the median line a very little ways in front of the 
forking of the excretory vessel, near the anterior ends of the testes 
and the posterior border of the ovary. In serial sections it could be 
traced to the shell gland. There is no seminal receptacle, but the 
early folds of the uterus are filled with sperm mingled with ova. The 
sperm-containing portion of the uterus extends anteriorly to the 
posterior edge of the ventral sucker. Vitelline ducts lead to a small 
yolk reservoir ventral to the shell gland. The ova are numerous and 
measure about 0.04 by 0.02 mm. 


TABLE 12.—Measurements of eight specimens of Steringophorus furciger 
in balsam 


Measurement 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 


Mm. Mm. Mm. Mim. Mm. Mm, Mm. Mm. 


Moengthe laa Aere es . eee gee VET 5 2. 73 2. 62 2. 56 2.45 2. 23 2.10 2. 03 2.00 
Anterior end to ventral sucker_._____ . 84 .70 . 67 -70 - 59 .70 - 63 . 03 
Ventral sucker to posterior end______ 1.47 1. 54 1. 54 1.40 1. 26 1.05 1.05 La2 
Maximum breadth__________________ -91 . 84 . 84 . 84 sae, -91 . 84 ai 
Oral'suckerlength 22s. 2k = . 28 24 - 26 aD . 26 - 28 ooh . 24 
Oral sucker, breadth______--__---____ -28 . 30 . 29 .30 . 30 . 30 . 28 . 28 
Wharynx,jlencth= 46 foe Teas 7: cat .16 .16 5: 8 -14 .14 .14 .14 
iPharynx, breadths..224-°. = 2-02 .10 15 .14 .14 .14 .14 .14 14 
Ventral sucker, length_______________ .35 oe 130 oo . 38 .35 .35 .35 
Ventral sucker, breadth______________ . 36 52 -46] ° .49 -43 .52 .49 -42 


Measurements of No. 1 were made on a series of frontal sections. 
It will be noted that No. 6 and No. 7 differ from the others in being 
relatively shorter from the ventral sucker to the posterior end. 

Hosts.—¥our-spotted flounder (Paralichthys oblongus) and com- 
mon flatfish (Pseudopleuronectes americanus). 

Record of collections—Many, collected June 1, 1907, from four- 
spotted fiounder. 

Many (U.S.N.M. No. 8188), collected June 1, 1907, from flatfish ; 
eight fishes examined. 

Mr. Edwards’ notes state that many distomes were found in both 
the four-spotted flounder and the flatfish. The vial of this date of 
material from the four-spotted flounder contains but one distome, 
while that with material from the flatfish contains 340 distomes 
of this species. 


Genus LINTONIUM Stunkard and Nigrelli, 1930 
LINTONIUM VIBEX (Linton) 
PLATE 20, FicurEs 268-271 
Distomum viber LINTON, Bull. U. 8S. Fish Comm. for 1899, pp. 281, 291, 292, figs. 


48-51, 1900; ibid. p. 464, 1901; Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., vol. 24, p. 402, fig. 
188, 1905 (an error appears in the description and figure; the anterior 


TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 4] 


ends of the excretory vessels were mistaken for diverticula of the intestine) ; 
Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., vol. 31, pt. 2, p. 584, 1911. 

Lintonium viber (Linton), SruNKARD and NIGRELLI, Biol. Bull., vol. 58, pp. 3836— 
343, 1 fig., 1930. 

On account of the close resemblance of this distome to Steringopho- 
rus cluthensis Nicoll, later referred by Odhner to a new genus, I was 
inclined to refer D. vibew to that genus. Since Prof. Stunkard, 
however, has evidently gone over the ground with great care, I 
shall accept his conclusions. 

As supplementary to Prof. Stunkard’s contribution a few observa- 
tions on this interesting distome, together with a record of collections 
made by Vinal N. Edwards and myself in the Woods Hole region 
since 1901, are given. 

Body smooth, longer than broad, flattened in life, or more or less 
fusiform, plump in preserved material, greatest diameter at about 
middle of postacetabular region, tapering to anterior end, posterior 
end bluntly pointed; ventral sucker much larger than oral; no pre- 
pharynx; esophagus short or lacking; pharynx much smaller than 
oral sucker; intestinal rami simple, extending nearly to posterior 
end. The genital pore is on the median line, behind the pharynx; 
cirrus spinose; cirrus pouch oval-elliptical, enclosing the seminal 
vesicle and prostate, and lying in front of the ventral sucker. Testes 
oval, opposite, usually a little in front of the middle of the postace- 
tabular region. The testes are, with few exceptions, longer than 
broad. Out of 20 specimens mounted in balsam there is only one in 
which the testes are broader than long, and in it there is some indi- 
cation that the testes are distorted; an average of the testes of 20 
specimens in balsam gave a length of 0.36 mm. and a breadth of 0.22 
mm. The ovary is trilobed and usually lies about on the median 
line behind the ventral sucker, its posterior half between the anterior 
thirds of the testes. In some cases it is near the posterior border 
of the ventral sucker and in front of the testes. The shell gland, in 
whole mounts, appears to le on the left side of the ovary and to ex- 
tend anteriorly a little in front of the ovary, where it is joined by the 
yolk ducts. On account of the thickness of these distomes the rela- 
tive positions of these organs are not easily seen. An examination of 
sections shows that the ovary is dorsally placed; in strongly con- 
tracted specimens it can be seen to be dorsal to the posterior border 
of the ventral sucker. The shell gland is ventral to the ovary, and 
the testes are also ventrally placed. Laurer’s canal was traced in a 
somewhat sinuous course In a series of cross sections from the dorsal 
surface to the shell gland. It was also noted in a series of sagittal 
sections (pl. 20, fig. 270). The early folds of the uterus are filled 
with sperm in which ova are intermingled. The voluminous folds 


42 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL, 88 


of the uterus extend from the space between the testes to the posterior 
end, passing dorsal to the left border of the ventral sucker and 
beside the cirrus pouch to the genital pore. The vitelline glands lie 
between the intestinal rami and the lateral margins of the body and 
extend from the level of the testes, or a little ways in front of them, 
nearly to the posterior end. In some cases they are continuous; in 
others they are broken up into follicles. In most cases that were 
observed there were six follicles on the right side and seven on the 
left. The excretory vessels under some conditions are conspicuous, 
appearing as rather large lateral vessels, which begin at the level 
of the oral sucker, or in some cases at the level of the pharynx, and 
extend to the posterior end, where they unite in a short excretory 
vessel with thick, muscular walls. The ova have rather thick shells, 
and are about 0.04 by 0.02 mm. in size. 

Longitudinal and diagonal muscle fibers are strongly developed in 
the neck. A conspicuous feature of sections of this distome is a 
layer of deeply-staining subcuticular cells. 

Found very commonly, but in small numbers in each host, in the 
puffers of the Woods Hole region, usually in the pharyngeal cavity. 

Hosts.—Oldwife (Balistes vetula), puffer (Sphoeroides maculatus). 

Record of collections —¥rom oldwife: Five, collected by Vinal N. 
Edwards, September 8, 1903. Ground color in formalin greenish, 
reddish chocolate where intestines showed through the body wall; 
plump, neck folded ventrally. Measurements, made on a series of 
cross sections of a strongly contracted specimen: Length, 2.5 mm.; 
breadth, 1.35 mm.; vertical diameter, 1.12 mm.; oral sucker, length, 
0.23 mm., breadth, 0.42 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.14 mm., breadth, 0.21 
mm.; ventral sucker, length, 0.77 mm., breadth, 0.84 mm.; ova 0.045 
by 0.024 mm., with thickish shells, not collapsed. 

From puffer: Collection of June 26, 1903, consisted of four vials 
containing 69 distomes from puffer, many of them in clusters adher- 
ing to each other by the ventral suckers. One hundred fishes examined 
by Vinal N. Edwards. 

Eleven, collected by Vinal N. Edwards, July 11, 1903, “from 
throat” of puffer. Twenty, collected July 9, 1904, from pharynx of 
one puffer; very active, necks very extensible, becoming linear; tend- 
ency to adhere to each other by the ventral suckers; prevailing color 
blood-red in larger specimens, pale yellow in smaller worms, when 
flattened and viewed with transmitted light. One, collected by Vinal 
N. Edwards, September 12, 1904, “from gills” of puffer. Two, col- 
lected by Dr. Irving I. Field, July 8, 1905, “from body cavity” of 
puffer. 

Two, collected August 6, 1906, from near opening of pharyngeal 
sack of puffer. General ground color in life pale red or flesh-color; 


TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 43 


intestines dark brown; ova in distal portions of uterus dark amber, 
those in middle folds lemon-yellow, those in newer folds, near the 
shell gland, nearly colorless. Excretory vessels voluminous, the two 
lateral branches extending from the level of the oral sucker to the 
posterior end where they unite in a short muscular excretory vessel, 
which opens at the terminal excretory pore. These branches may be 
in position to simulate intestinal diverticula, especially when con- 
stricted at the anterior end, and filled with granular material resem- 
bling the contents of the intestine, and were so wrongly interpreted 
in the Beaufort report. Necks very flexible, becoming at times 
slender and linear. The worms have a tendency to coil ventrally, 
with suckers adhering to the post ventral region. 

Seventy-one distomes, two of them immature, collected on eight 
dates, August 7 to 23, 1906, from 16 puffers. Thirty-eight, collected 
from 6 puffers on three dates, August 1 to 10, 1907. Fifty, collected 
from 16 puffers on four dates, June 27 to 30, 1910. On June 28 and 
subsequent dates circular ciliate Protozoa, identified by Dr. C. W. 
Hahn as Cyclochaeta domerguei Moroff, were found moving about 
on the surface of these distomes. 

Fifty-one, collected from 27 puffers on seven dates in July, one 
in August, and one in September, 1910, from July 5 to September 6. 
All from pharynx of host, usually near the point where it merges 
into the distensible sack. Nine of the fishes examined had no distomes 
of this species, the others had from one to three. They ranged from 
immature forms, 2 to 3 mm. in length, to adults 10 mm. in length 
and 38 mm. to 4 mm. in breadth when moderately extended. 

One, collected by Vinal N. Edwards on June 9, 1914, from puffer; 
six fishes examined. Three (U.S.N.M. No. 8189), collected July 2, 
1915, one fish examined. 

From Mr. Edwards’ notes of collections in 1915, I find that he 
examined 149 puffers on 18 dates in May, June, and September, when 
no distomes of this species were recorded. 


Subfamily HAPLOCLADINAE Odhner, 1911 
Genus TERGESTIA Stossich, 1899 
TERGESTIA PECTINATA (Linton) 


Distomum pectinatum LINTON, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., vol. 24, pp. 366, 389, figs. 
200-208, 1905. 

Theledera pectinata (Linton), Carnegie Inst. Washington, Publ. 133, pp. 40, 41, 
1910. 


Six distomes (U.S.N.M. No. 8190), belonging to this species were 
collected from the intestine of a frigate mackerel (Auais rochez), 
July 12, 1912, taken in a fish trap in Buzzards Bay, Woods Hole. 


44 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM voL. 88 


Measurements, life, flattened: Length, 3.71 mm.; breadth, anterior, 
0.34 mm., maximum, 0.6 mm.; breadth of oral sucker, 0.28 mm.; 
pharynx, length, 0.24 mm., breadth, 0.14 mm.; diameter of ventral 
sucker, 0.32 mm.; ova 0.024 by 0.018 mm. 

The intestine contained orange-colored material in granular masses 
at some part of their course, in most cases near the posterior end of 
the rami. 

Ova in balsam mounts measure 0.024 by 0.018 mm. to 0.027 by 0.018 
mm. 


Family ZOOGONIDAE Odhner, 1911 


Subfamily LECITHOSTAPHYLINAE Odhner, 1911 
Genus LECITHOSTAPHYLUS Odhner, 1911 
LECITHOSTAPHYLUS NITENS (Linton) 


PLATE 21, Figures 272-274 


Distomum nitens Linton, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 20, pp. 534, 535, pl. 51, 
figs. 5, 6; pl. 52, fig. 1, 1898; Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, p. 443, 1901.— 
Pratt, Amer. Nat., vol. 36, p. 958, 1902. 

Distoma nitens Linton, Looss, Zool. Jahrb., vol. 12, p. 710, 1899. 

No record of this distome has been made since the description of 
the species was published. An examination of a series of frontal sec- 
tions (U.S.N.M. No. 8192) makes it desirable to make a few additions 
to the original description. 

There is a short prepharynx, and the intestinal rami extend back 
of the testes but do not reach to the posterior end. The left ramus 
is about 0.9 mm. and the right 0.8 mm. from the posterior end. There 
appear to be at least 10 vitelline follicles on the left side and 8 on 
the right. Seminal receptacles small, at posterolateral border of 
ovary; shell gland at posteroventral border of ovary. The cirrus 
pouch is on the left side of the median line. Measurements, of nearly 
frontal sections: Length, 4.5 mm.; breadth, at level of cirrus pouch, 
1.18 mm., at level of ovary, 1.08 mm.; anterior end to ventral sucker, 
1.26 mm.; diameter of oral sucker, 0.38 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.28 
mm., breadth, 0.22 mm.; diameter of ventral sucker, 0.57 mm.; cirrus 
pouch is on the left side of the median line. Measurements, of nearly 
to 0.036 by 0.018 mm.; distance of testes from posterior end, left 2.1 
mm., right 1.68 mm. 

Looss* points out the resemblance of this species to Enodia mega- 
chondros Looss; Pratt places it in the subfamily Plagiorchiinae. 


7 Zool. Jahrb., Abt. Anat. und Ont., vol. 12, p. 709, pl. 26, fig. 30, 1899. 


TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 45 
Subfamily ZOOGONINAE Odhner, 1902 


Genus ZOOGONOIDES Odhner, 1902 


ZOOGONOIDES LAEVIS, new species 
PLATE 21, FIGURES 275-277 


Small distomes found on different occasions in the intestine of the 
tautog were at first thought to belong to the species Z. viviparus 
(Olsson) from Pleuronectes microcephalus, and reported by Odhner 
and Nicoll from a number of hosts mainly belonging to the Pleuro- 
nectidae. 

The principal points of difference between these distomes from 
the tautog and Z. viviparus are the comparative absence of spines, an 
unimportant feature, and the greater length of the intestinal rami. 
There is a difference, also, in the position of the genital pore from 
that assigned to it by some authors. In this, however, there is some 
disagreement. Thus, Olsson’s figure of his Distoma vivipara® places 
the genital pore near the right side of the neck. Odhner ® describes 
and figures Zoogonoides viviparus (Olsson) as having the genital 
pore near the left margin at the level of the forking of the intestine. 
Nicoll” gives its position as near the left margin somewhat back of 
the forking of the intestine. Fuhrmann™ describes and figures the 
genital pore on the left side. In his characterization of the Zoogon- 
idae he states that the genital pore is not far from the left border 
of the body. 

While the resemblance of these distomes to Z. viviparus is close, 
they differ consistently in the length of the intestines, which extend 
beyond the ventral sucker about to the level of the seminal receptacle. 
Also, they appear to be practically devoid of spines. I do not find 
any mention of spines in my notes made on fresh material, or on 
formalin material collected by Mr. Edwards. Careful search on 50 or 
more specimens mounted in balsam resulted in the finding of two 
in which a few exceedingly minute spines were faintly visible at the 
extreme anterior end dorsal to the oral sucker. 

These distomes are small, fusiform, and smooth, or with but few 
minute spines; yellowish, tinged with red; ventral sucker much 
larger than oral, near the middle or a little in front of the middle, 
its aperture transverse. Average of 10 specimens in balsam: Trans- 
verse diameter of oral sucker 0.14 mm., of ventral sucker 0.24 mm. 
There is no prepharynx; pharynx small, broader than long; esopha- 
gus short; intestinal rami extend back of the ventral sucker, approx- 


8 Lunds Univ. Ars-skrift, vol. 4, pt. 2, No. &, pp. 28, 29, pl. 4, fig. 73, 1867-68. 

® Centralbl. Bakt. und Parasit., vol. 31, pp. 62, 63, fig. 2, 1902. 

1°? Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 19, pp. 83, 84, figs. 8, 9, 1907. 

1 Kiikenthal and Krumback’s Handbuch der Zoologie, vol. 2, p. 103, fig. 122, 1928. 


46 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 88 


imately to the middle of the postacetabular region; genital aperture 
on right side of neck, near margin, about on a level with the fork- 
ing of the intestine; cirrus pouch in front of ventral sucker, oval- 
elliptical with thick walls, containing prostatic cells; seminal vesicle 
in two divisions, inclosed in cirrus pouch; testes opposite, at level of 
ventral sucker. The position of the testes is somewhat variable. In 
some cases they extend in front of the ventral sucker; in others they 
lie at the level of the posterior border of the ventral sucker, even 
extending for a short distance back of it. The ovary lies behind the 
ventral sucker, on or near the median line, either to the right or to 
the left of it; shell gland at posterior border of ovary; seminal vesicle 
and vitelline gland behind the ovary, their relative positions some- 
what variable. Thus, in one the ovary was at the posterior edge of 
the ventral sucker, the seminal receptacle on the median line, with 
the vitelline gland on the left side. In another the seminal receptacle 
lay behind the vitelline gland. The folds of the uterus occupy the 
greater part of the postacetabular region. The ova, which in the 
older portion of the uterus may contain ciliated miracidia, are about 
0.07 by 0.03 mm. in size in balsam. The metraterm passes on the 
right side of the ventral sucker to the genital pore. There is a large 
excretory vessel at the posterior end, the excretory pore being sur- 
rounded by rosettelike musculature. 

As a rule these distomes do not much exceed 1 mm. in length. 
Measurements, life, flattened under cover-glass: Length, 0.8 mm.; 
breadth, anterior, 0.15 mm., at level of ventral sucker, maximum, 
0.42 mm., at posterior end 0.1 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.14 mm., 
breadth, 0.11 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.03 mm., breadth, 0.05 mm.; 
ventral sucker, length, 0.21 mm., breadth, 0.23 mm.; ova 0.068 by 
0.028 mm.; an ovum containing a ciliated embryo measured 0.072 
by 0.028 mm. 

Type specimens.—U.S.N.M. No. 8193 (holotype and paratypes). 

Hosts —Tautog (Tautoga onitis), round herring (Etrumens 
sadina). 

Record of collections—Twenty-six (U.S.N.M. No. 8193), collected 
July 27, 1904, from one tautog; small, fusiform, reddish yellow; 
ventral sucker showing a tinge of red. At first the worms were 
contracted and somewhat concave ventrally. When flattened the 
outline is almost rhomboidal. Two, lying free in sea water, measured 
0.41 by 0.23 mm. and 0.38 by 0.26 mm., respectively. When flattened 
the length increased to 0.8 mm. 

Highteen, collected August 9, 1904, from one tautog. One of 
these, rather larger than the others, was noted in which ova had not 


yet appeared. The uterus, in many folds, filled the posterior end of 
the body. 


TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 47 


One, collected August 11, 1908, from tautog; length, 0.91 mm., 
breadth, 0.42 mm.; diameter of oral sucker 0.14 mm., of pharynx 
0.03 mm., of ventral sucker 0.22 mm. 

Three, collected August 6, 1910, from tautog; small, brownish 
yellow, fusiform. Measurements, life: Length, 1.12 mm.; breadth, 
0.54 mm.; diameter of oral sucker 0.15 mm., of pharynx 0.05 mm., of 
ventral sucker 0.38 mm. 

One, collected August 10, 1910, from tautog; length, 0.87 mm.; 
breadth, 0.42 mm.; uterus voluminous, but without ova. 

Three, collected April 21, 1913, from tautog. Measurements in 
formalin: Lengths, 1, 0.96, 0.94 mm.; breadths, 0.48, 0.42, 0.42 mm.; 
diameters of oral suckers, 0.16, 0.14, 0.15 mm., of ventral suckers, 
0.26, 0.28, 0.26 mm. 

Six (U.S.N.M. No. 8194), collected October 23, 1913, from tautog. 

Dimensions of largest in formalin: Length, 1.8 mm., breadth, 0.51 
mm.; diameter of oral sucker, 0.18 mm., of ventral sucker, 0.28 mm. 

An immature distome which appears to belong to this species is 
here recorded: One, immature, collected July 17, 1908, from round 
herring. Measurements, life: Length, 0.48 mm.; breadth, 0.26 mm.; 
diameter of oral sucker, 0.06 mm., of pharynx, 0.04 mm., of ventral 
sucker, 0.08 mm. Fusiform, broadest at level of ventral sucker, the 
posterior edge of which is at about the middle of the length. Testes 
opposite and about on a level with the posterior half of the ventral 
sucker; ovary behind testes; intestines extend nearly to posterior end 
of body. The excretory vessels contained exceedingly small globular 
bodies, 

Genus STEGANCDERMA Stafford, 1904 


STEGANODERMA FORMOSUM Stafford 
PLATE 21, Figures 278-282 


Steganoderma formosum StTa¥rrorD, Zool. Anz., vol. 27, pp. 486, 487, 1904.— 
MANTER, Illinois Biol. Mon., vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 88-90, figs. 58-60, 1926. 

A single distome (U.S.N.M. No. 8195), found by Vinal N. Ed- 
wards in a four-spotted flounder (Paralichthys oblongus), June 1, 
1914, agrees, so far as the anatomy is shown, with Manter’s excel- 
lent description of this species. 

The specimen, mounted in balsam, is oblong-elliptical, rounded at 
the ends, minutely and densely spinose, spines flat and scalelike; oral 
and ventral suckers about equal; pharynx small and rather indis- 
tinct; esophagus much longer than pharynx. The intestinal rami 
begin at a point about 0.28 mm. from the anterior end and 0.24 in 
front of the ventral sucker. They could be traced as far back as 
the level of the posterior edge of the ventral sucker, where they were 


48 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88 


hidden by the vitellaria. The genital pore is on the left of the median 
line about on a level with the forking of the intestine. The cirrus 
pouch is relatively large and long, its base dorsal to the ventral 
sucker, whence it curves forward and to the left to the genital pore. 
The testes are rounded lateral, opposite, at about the middle of the 
postacetabular space. The specimen was slightly damaged and the 
left testis was not clearly defined. Ovary somewhat subtriangular in 
outline, at right lateral border of ventral sucker, The vitellaria con- 
sist of a cluster of compact follicles on each lateral margin, from 
about the anterior border of the ventral sucker to about the anterior 
edge of the testes. The uterus les between the testes and fills the 
middle space between the vitellaria and behind the ovary, and oc- 
cupies a considerable portion of the posttesticular space. The ex- 
cretory pore is surrounded by deeply staining cells, but the excretory 
vessels are not distinguishable. The granular appearance of the 
parenchyma, especially conspicuous in the neck, is a characteristic of 
this species. The dimensions of these bodies in this specimen are 
rather smaller than those given by Manter, very few of them measur- 
ing as much as 0.015 mm. in diameter. 

Measurements in balsam: Length, 1.75 mm.; breadth, at level of 
ventral sucker, 0.62 mm., maximum about 0.7 mm.; distance of ven- 
tral sucker from anterior end 0.62 mm.; diameter of oral sucker 0.14 
mm., of pharynx 0.05 mm., of ventral sucker 0.14 mm.; length of 
esophagus 0.3 mm.; ova about 0.039 by 0.024 mm. 

There is also in Mr. Edwards’ collection an example of this species 
(U.S.N.M. No. 3196) from Acanthocottus octodecimspinosus; date 
of collecting not given. Measurements in balsam: Length, 2.35 mm. ; 
maximum breadth, at middle of length, 1 mm.; diameter of oral 
sucker, 0.19 mm., of pharynx, 0.06 mm., of ventral sucker, 0.021 mm.; 
length of esophagus about 0.4 mm.; cirrus pouch, length, 0.45 mm., 
breadth, 0.18 mm.; ova 0.03 by 0.015 mm. to 0.034 by 0.018 mm. 

The ventral sucker is weak and was at first overlooked. In ventral 
view the posterior end of the cirrus pouch with the enclosed seminal 
vesicle can be seen plainly through its walls. The uterus is volumi- 
nous, its folds lying between the testes and filling the greater part 
of the posttesticular region; ova numerous. The body in front of 
the vitellaria is filled with round, oval, and pyriform granular bodies 
from 0.01 to 0.03 mm. in diameter; also the excretory vessel, near the 
terminal excretory pore, is surrounded by pyriform cells. 

This species has been recorded by both Stafford and Manter from 
the halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus). 


TREMATODES FROM FISHES—-LINTON 49 


Family ACANTHOCOLPIDAE Lihe, 1909 


Genus DEROPRISTIS Odhner, 1902 


DEROPRISTIS INFLATA (Molin) 
PLATE 21, FIGURE 283 


Deropristis inflata (Molin), MANTrER, Illinois Biol. Mon., vol. 10, No. 2, p. 110, 
1926. 

Body densely covered with spines on anterior half, becoming 
sparsely scattered on the posterior half. In dorsal view the spines at 
the anterior end are in regular transverse rows, length, 0.009 mm. ; 
breadth at base, 0.004 mm. On the median line at the level of the 
inflated portion of the neck there is a patch of larger spines, as much 
as 0.024 mm. in length and 0.007 mm. in breadth. The spines on the 
lateral margins of the inflated portion are stout, length 0.021 mm.; 
breadth, 0.009 mm. On the ventral side the margin of the inflated 
portion is armed with stout spines, elsewhere the spines are small. 
Oral and ventral suckers nearly equal; distance from anterior end to 
ventral sucker about one sixth of the entire length. The pharynx 
is a little longer than broad. There is a short prepharynx, and an 
esophagus about as long as the pharynx. The cirrus was retracted in 
all the specimens observed. It is armed with relatively long and 
slender spines. The spinous retracted cirrus is followed by the 
seminal vesicle, which has a longer anterior and shorter posterior 
division. The metraterm appeared to lie close to the dorsal side of 
that portion of the invaginated cirrus which lay in front of the 
spinous portion. Back of the point of coincidence of position with 
the cirrus, the metraterm is lined with spines which resemble those 
of the cirrus. The proportions and relative positions of these parts 
differ in various individuals. In a typical specimen, 4.69 mm. in 
length, the anterior ends of the spinous portions of cirrus and metra- 
term were 0.21 mm. back of the ventral sucker; the metraterm, on 
the right side of the cirrus, measured 0.56 mm. in length and 0.14 mm. 
in greatest breadth. The spinous portion of the cirrus was about 0.50 
mm. in length and 0.21 mm, in breadth. The ovary in this specimen 
lay 0.7 mm. in front of the first testis, and the anterior end of the 
first testis was 0.87 mm. from the posterior end of the body. First 
testis, length, 0.33 mm.; breadth, 0.19 mm.; second testis, length, 0.42 
mm., breadth 0.41 mm.; posterior end of second testis, 0.28 mm. 
from posterior end of body; one testis overlaps the other by 0.14 mm. 
The vitellaria are diffuse and extend from about the level of the 
middle of the seminal vesicle to within a short distance of the first 
testis. Folds of the uterus, containing many eggs, fill the body from 
the seminal vesicle to the first testis. There is a large seminal recep- 

155599404 


50 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 88 


tacle dorsal and posterior to the ovary. Ova in balsam about 0.045 
by 0.021 mm. to 0.048 by 0.024 mm. 


TaBLy 18.—Measurements of five mounted specimens of Deropristis inflata, 
Nos. 1-3 in balsam ; Nos. 4, 5 in glycerin 


Measurement 1 2 3 4 5 


Mm. | Mm. | Mm. | Mm. | Mm. 


SIT Cae ee eee eae eae eee eee at eens Se IIE Se es 2.10 2. 80 4.27 4.97 4.09 
Breadth\of-neek 2222215 © oo eRe eee sees Set ass .24 .39 . 36 43 ~43 
Breadthiot pod yi=*25 2 22 ek Ee ee eh ee -21 . 52 .39 47 49 
Oralisnucker#leneth=2-- 052) een ee ee ee ese ae . 04 .09 .10 13 13 
Oralisucker;ibreadth! soit ee eee et ees . 09 ale .13 .14 .14 
IBharynizilength <0 ee i 2 oe ee ae Pe -05 . 08 .07 ot aut 
IPHSry nx | Dress ths cece cee eee eee are a ne ere See .05 . 08 -10 - 08 . 08 
Ventralisucker;flength ie. .: See ecb a8 bbe ee cee ee eee . 07 .14 iD) .17 15 
Ventralisucker..bread tha 26g oe ie . 08 17 St 15 «15 


Host.—American eel (Anguilla rostrata). 

Record of collections —Two, collected August 14, 1905, slender, 
yellowish, with expanded neck; ova 0.047 by 0.023 mm. Thirty-three, 
collected December 6, 1909, small, slender, neck inflated, spinose. 

Sixteen (U.S.N.M. No. 8197), collected November 18, 1911; length 
in formalin 4mm. One, collected July 31, 1912, macerated, spines 
shed. 

One, collected August 19, 1912, orange color by reflected light, 
rusty yellow by transmitted hght; neck inflated, armed with strong 
spines; 6 low nodules on head. Dimensions, life: Length, 2.86 mm.; 
breadth, anterior 0.15 mm., neck 0.32 mm., body, maximum, 0.57 mm.; 
breadth of oral sucker 0.13 mm., of pharynx 0.07 mm., of ventral 
sucker 0.16 mm.; ova somewhat irregular, about 0.048 by 0.024 mm. 

Nine, collected March 29, 1913. Forty, collected April 8, 1913. 
Two, collected April 21,1915. Three, collected April 30, 1914; length 
3.5 mm. in formalin. Six, collected May 1, 1914. Fifty-five, collected 
June 13, 1914, 1.42 to 5 mm. in formalin. A few, collected July 10, 


1914. 
DEROPRISTIS HISPIDA (Abilgaard) 


PLATE 21, Ficure 284; PLate 22, FicurEes 285-287 


Deropristis hispida (Rudolphi) Luun, in Brauer’s Die Siisswasserfauna Deutsch- 
lands, vol. 17, Trematodes, p. 85, fig. 69, 1909. 

The collection contains two of these distomes, collected May 13, 
1913, by Vinal N. Edwards from the intestine of a small sturgeon 
(Acipenser sturio) taken at Menemsha Bight. 

The expanded neck of this species is made up largely of strong 
muscle fibers and evidently acts as an organ of adhesion. There is 
a cluster of stout spines on each lateral margin of the neck and 
another on the dorsal surface about on a level with the pharynx. 


TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 51 


In older worms the anterior surface of the body is covered with 
spines, but in younger specimens the surface is nearly devoid of 
spines. The ventral sucker is a little larger than the oral, and the 
pharynx is longer than the oral sucker. 

Measurements in formalin: Length, 7.8 mm.; breadth of expanded 
portion of the neck, exclusive of spines, 0.57 mm., in front of ventral 
sucker, 0.21 mm., at middle of length, 0.29 mm., near posterior end, 
0.35 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.11 mm., breadth, 0.15 mm.; diameter 
of ventral sucker, 0.19 mm.; distance from anterior end of ventral 
sucker about 0.9 mm. 

In another specimen: Oral sucker, length, 0.11 mm., breadth, 0.15 
mm.; pharynx, length, 0.15 mm., breadth, 0.12 mm.; ventral sucker, 
length, 0.16 mm., breadth, 0.18 mm.; ova about 0.042 by 0.024 mm, in 
balsam. 

In the older specimens the ova fill the space between the testes, 
which are at the posterior end of the body, and the seminal vesicle. 
The cirrus is long and spinous, the cirrus pouch extending far back 
of the ventral sucker, with the seminal vesicle at its posterior end. 
The metraterm lies beside the cirrus pouch and is lined with spines. 

On July 20, 1924, two of these distomes, 4 and 6 mm. in length, 
were collected from a small sturgeon measuring 85 cm. in length 
(U.S.N.M. No. 8198). 


Genus STEPHANOSTOMUM Looss, 1899 
STEPHANOSTOMUM DENTATUM (Linton) 
PLATE 8, FIGURE 25 


Distomum dentatum LinToN, Bull. U. 8. Fish Comm. for 1899, pp. 283, 294, figs. 
64-67, 1900; ibid., p. 483, 1901; Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., vol. 31, pt. 2, p. 582, 
1918. 


This species is smaller and relatively broader than S. tenuis, also 
the ova are smaller, and the pharynx is relatively smaller. 

In strongly contracted specimens the pharynx is contiguous with 
the oral sucker, but in individuals with the neck not greatly con- 
tracted a prepharynx can be seen. There does not appear to be an 
esophagus. The number of oral spines is 54; length of oral spines 
about 0.05 mm. The entire body may be covered with closely placed 
spines, most abundant on the neck, less numerous toward the poste- 
rior end. Specimens were seen which had lost some of or all the 
oral spines and most of the spines from the body. The body spines, 
seen in front view, are somewhat scalelike with bluntly rounded 
ends; in edge view, as seen on the margins of the neck, they are slen- 
der, tapering, and slightly recurved. The oral spines are of nearly 
uniform diameter for the basal half of the length, then taper gradu- 


2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88 


ally to the tip, which is sharp pointed. In most cases the oral sucker 
is ventrally placed; when the neck is extended it tends to become 
terminal. 

The genital pore is on the median line at the anterior margin of 
the ventral sucker. The cirrus pouch passes on, or above, the right 
margin of the ventral sucker, and encloses the seminal vesicle; when 
not disturbed by compression it lies dorsal to the ventral sucker. It 
may be concealed, or more or less displaced by ova massed behind 
the ventral sucker. The testes lie on the median line, one following 
the other closely. There is considerable variation in their shape, 
some being nearly circular in outline, some longer than broad, some 
broader than long and some subtriangular. The anterior border of 
the first testis is usually not far from the middle of the length, and 
the distance of the second testis from the posterior end is greater 
than the length of a testis. The ovary is near the right anterior bor- 
der of the first testis, usually nearly circular in outline, but in some 
cases broader than long. A seminal receptacle was not seen, the 
appearance being that of sperm in the early folds of the uterus. 
The uterus les between the ovary and the ventral sucker, the metra- 
term passing along the left border of the ventral sucker to the genital 
pore. The vitellaria are diffuse, filling the posttesticular space and 
extending to about the level of the middle of the ventral sucker. 
They fill the marginal regions, and in many instances follicles lie 
both dorsal and ventral to the testes and ovary. 

Host—Summer flounder (Paralichthys dentatus). 

Record of coliections—Three, collected July 27, 1904, not in good 
condition, macerated. One, collected August 9, 1904. Three, col- 
lected August 15, 1906. One, collected August 16, 1906. Ten, col- 
lected August 20, 1906; small, partly macerated, no spines around 
mouth, indistinct on body. One, collected August 16, 1929, macer- 
ated, spines evanescent; length, 1.85 mm.; breadth 0.6 mm.; ova 0.06 
by 0.042 mm. 


TABLE 14.—Measurements of four specimens of Stephanostomum dentatum 


in balsam 
Measurement 1 2 3 4 
Mm Mm. Mm Mm 
EEE Ace R see he eae Me eee A al Lee 1.40 2.10 2. 80 2. 91 
IViaxam trp read baesee ne weres neetaene ee oa sal .70 1.00 na, 
Oral'sucker,lengtht: = Sie 4p) fa f28) 17 215 .25 .14 
Oralisucker, breadth stesso 18 .14 .18 .19 
MPVS YEA 5 MOTE Geet wre OE | een .10 ~12 - 16 
Pharynx, breagthece her ce ee 8 eee syd PONE Sa a eee -10 -1l ld 
Ventral'suckers lenofhe est oa eS ae .18 .17 25 322 
Ventralisucker;#breadth 222-2222 6 ed ee 24 18 21 23 


Ova seers ESO  Se APES ORI eee 2ee es dee .057 by .03 | .045 by .03 06 by .04 . 057 by . 03 


TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 53 


Collected by Vinal N. Edwards on four dates in September, two 
in October, and one in November; eight fishes were examined and 
62 distomes obtained. The greatest number on any one date was 47 
from two fishes, collected on October 6. For the other dates the 
numbers recorded are 7, 2, 1, 3, 1, 1; one fish having been examined 
on each date (U.S.N.M. Nos. 8199-8200). 


STEPHANOSTOMUM FILIFORME, new species 
PLATE 3, FiguRES 26-28 


Variable in length, slender, and nearly linear; oral spines about 44 
to 48, number not exactly determined; coarse spines on neck, few and 
scattered toward posterior end; length of oral spines about 0.06 mm., 
of neck spines 0.08 mm.; neck variable, but relatively short; pre- 
pharynx long; esophagus short or lacking; intestines reach to pos- 
terior end; ventral sucker larger than oral; genital pore in front of 
ventral suckers; cirrus pouch and seminal vesicle long, equal in some 
cases to one third the Jength of the postacetabular region; testes 
near the posterior end, one following the other with but little inter- 
val between; ovary separated from the first testis by a greater or 
less interval; early folds of the uterus in front of ovary contain 
sperm; vitellaria diffuse, filling the posterior two thirds or more of 
the postacetabular space, but not reaching as far forward as the 
ventral sucker; uterus with many but not numerous ova in front of 
ovary. 

Measurements of one of longer specimens in formalin: Length, 
15 mm., breadth, of oral circle of spines, 0.28 mm., behind circle of 
spines, 0.21 mm.; maximum breadth, 0.44 mm.; distance of ventral 
sucker from anterior end, 2.1 mm. 

Measurements of one of shorter specimens in balsam: Length, 
8.22 mm.; breadth, oral circle of spines, 0.22 mm., behind circle of 
spines, 0.14 mm., at level of ventral sucker, 0.88 mm., at level of testes, 
0.49 mm.; distance of ventral sucker from anterior end, 1.12 mm., 
from ventral sucker to vitellaria, 2.12 mm., from second testis to 
posterior end, 0.35 mm.; ovary, length, 0.19 mm., breadth, 0.18 mm. ; 
first testis, length, 0.7 mm., breadth, 0.25 mm.; second testis, length, 
0.74 mm., breadth, 0.28 mm. 

Type specimens.—U.S8.N.M. No. 8202 (holotype and paratypes). 

Hosts—Great amberfish (Seriola lalandi), crevallé (Caranx hip- 
pos), cocinero (Paratractus caballus). 

Record of collections—Five, collected August 14, 1906, from 
amberfish; 10 to 12 mm. long, much macerated. Twenty-eight 
(U.S.N.M. No. 8202), collected September 20, 1910, from amberfish; 
three fishes examined. 


54 : PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88 


One (U.S.N.M. No. 8203), collected September 22, 1918, from 
crevallé; length 8 mm., breadth 0.6 mm., in formalin. Measurements 
in balsam: Length, 7 mm.; breadth, 0.46 mm.; diameter oral circle of 
spines, 0.22 mm.; oral sucker, length 0.11 mm., breadth 0.15 mm.; 
pharynx (indistinct), length 0.15 mm., breadth 0.12 mm.; ventral 
sucker, length 0.21 mm., breadth 0.24 mm.; ova, 0.051 by 0.036 mm. ; 
length of oral spines about 0.07 mm., of neck spines 0.015 to 0.03 mm. 
This distome agrees rather closely with the distomes from 8S. lalandi. 
The number of oral spines could not be determined exactly, but there 
are at least 44 in the two circles. The neck is contracted, breadth 
behind circle of spines, 0.14 mm., then expanding to a breadth of 
0.45 mm.; length of neck, that is, from anterior end to ventral sucker, 
0.6 mm. Prepharynx longer than pharynx; cirrus pouch and sem- 
inal vesicle long, extending 1.5 mm. back of ventral sucker; distance 
of ovary from first testis 0.5 mm., from first to second testis 0.15 mm., 
from second testis to posterior end 0.5 mm.; uterus median, from 
ovary to genital pore; vitellaria dense, from posterior end to a point 
1.4 mm. back of ventral sucker. 


TABLE 15.—Measurements of three specimens of Stephanostomum filiforme 


in balsam 
Measurement 1 2 3 
Mm. Mm. Mm. 
TNS ra OnE Fn ranges eee ese es eee ee eee ae See 13. 30 9.94 7. 63 
Maximumubread Cnet pits 322 es 2 ie RS Ue ee aU . 42 . 42 . 28 
Oralisnekertlenegne maar] a eS aes fe a ee eee ee .14 .14 .14 
Oralisuck er Dread (isan es a ere seen ean em ke ee cee ol ia wT 
IPharynx length ates sae Seen es tee Re eh eee 15 aad .14 
Bary xO TEAC ED heres ae ee ee ee eee ee ae wie . 10 . 09 
Ventralisackereneths 2222 25 set eee TLS tes Oe Bo . 29 wae . 25 
Ventralisuckerspreadthte > sss sf. Seetareee see | eee eee Loo .18 .19 
Mengthiohiprephnanyikaces es ee ee as ee ee ee . 84 . 56 77 
Antenionend: tonventrallshHekers so essen eee ee eens 1,40 . 98 1.12 
ON ATVAEOMITSEIEOSEIS Se ee a ee eee al? . 35 45 
Oy rae ere eri Riana Sin eu ee a Ree = tee | Sade oo a 0.06 by .04 | 0.06 by .04 0.06 by .04 


One and a fragment (U.S.N.M. No. 8204), collected October 13, 
1911, from the cocinero; 15 fishes examined: Length, 9 mm.; breadth, 
1 mm., in formalin. Measurements in balsam: Length, 7.14 mm.; 
breadth, 0.35 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.138 mm., breadth, 0.15 mm.; 
pharynx, length, 0.18 mm., breadth, 0.19 mm.; ventral sucker, length, 
0.28 mm., breadth, 0.28 mm. (lateral view); length of oral spines 
about 0.06 mm., of neck spines about 0.03 mm.; ovary, length, 0.21 
mm., breadth, 0.14 mm.; first testis, length, 0.63 mm., breadth, 0.25 
mm.; second testis, length, 0.48 mm., breadth, 0.21 mm.; distance from 
ovary to first testis, 0.28 mm., from first to second testis, 0.14 mm., 
from second testis to posterior end, 0.35 mm.; ova, 0.06 by 0.04 mm. 


TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 55 


Vitellaria dense, filling posterior part of body to within 1.9 mm. of 
ventral sucker. Distance from anterior end to ventral sucker 0.84 
mm. Length of prepharynx about 0.32 mm. 


STEPHANOSTOMUM TENUE (Linton) 
PuLate 4, Figures 32-34 


Distomum tenue Linton, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 20, pp. 535, 536, pl. 52, 
figs. 2-8, 1898; Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, pp. 455, 456, 468, 469, 
1901. 

Distomum tenue tenwissime Linton, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 20, pp. 536, 
537, pl. 52, figs. 9-12, 1898. 

Distomes referred to this species from 10 species of fishes in the Beaufort, 
N. C., region, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., vol. 24, 1905. 

Many of the distomes here recorded are imperfect in that the oral 
spines are either missing or in such condition that their exact number 
can not be determined; in many cases also the dermal spines are 
evanescent. About 42 oral spines were counted in distomes from 
Roccus saxatilis and Morone americana and about 48 in distomes from 
Hemitripterus americanus. 

In general the ova of the distomes recorded under S. tenwe measure 
0.08 by 0.04 mm. or more, while those under S. dentatwm are 0.06 by 
0.03 mm. or less; all measurements were made on material mounted 
in balsam. The average diameters of oral sucker, pharynx, and ven- 
tral sucker of distomes from different hosts are as follows: 


Species Oral sucker Pharynx Ventral sucker 

Mm. Mm. Mm. 
PSS Ce 7a tees see eet on ee ee ce 3B ade os ee I Sh 0.18 0. 225 0. 32 
Sy dentatum a 3223 528 ects 2h ss oes as aes eees seen ge totes 14 . 140 228 


Hosts.—Sand launce (Ammodytes americanus), sea raven (Hemi- 
tripterus americanus), kingfish (Menticirrhus sawxatilis), white perch 
(Morone americana), striped bass (Roccus saxatilis), toadfish (Op- 
sanus tau). 

Record of collections —One (U.S.N.M. No. 8205), collected Octo- 
ber 20, 1914, from sand launce. Measurements in balsam: Length, 
3 mm.; breadth, 0.75 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.17 mm., breadth, 0.22 
mm.; pharynx, length, 0.32 mm., breadth, 0.28 mm.; ventral sucker, 
length, 0.85 mm., breadth, 0.35 mm.; ova, 0.096 by 0.054 mm. Most 
of the oral spines are missing, coarse spines on neck; prepharynx at 
least as long as pharynx; esophagus very short; seminal vesicle 
extends for three-fourths the distance from ventral sucker to ovary. 
There is a short interval between the testes in which a few vitelline 
follicles lie; ovary at anterior edge of testis; shell gland at anterior 


56 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 88 


median border of ovary; ova few; vitellaria from posterior end 
nearly to ventral sucker, not dense; intestines extend to posterior end 
of body. 

Seventy-two (U.S.N.M. No. 8206), collected January 10, 1914, 
from sea raven; maximum length, in formalin, 5.5 mm. Body nearly 
linear; neck tapering, variable, average about 5.5 times in entire 
length; about 48 oral spines; length of oral spine about 0.05 mm.; 
spines on neck dense, length about 0.04 mm.; spines on body smaller, 
but continue to posterior end; prepharynx, when neck is not con- 
tracted, longer than pharynx; esophagus lacking; cirrus pouch 
dorsal to ventral sucker; seminal vesicle extends back of ventral 
sucker, but not halfway to ovary, more or less crumpled, as if 
crowded forward by ova; testes longer than broad, contiguous, or with 
short interval between; ovary nearly circular in outline, a little to 
right of median line, near anterior border of first testis. In some 
there is a short interval between ovary and testis in which follicles 
of the vitallaria lie. Vitellaria extend from posterior end to ventral 
sucker, follicles coarse. Testes near posterior end. In one distome, 
length, 4 mm., the second testis was 0.25 mm. from the posterior end; 
in another, length, 4.62 mm., the second testis was 0.35 mm. from the 
posterior end. Measurements in balsam: Length, 3.15 mm.; breadth, 
0.7 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.18 mm., breadth, 0.19 mm.; pharynx, 
length, 0.25 mm., breadth, 0.14 mm.; ventral sucker, length, 0.28 mm.. 
breadth, 0.32 mm.; ova, average of eight, 0.08 by 0.04 mm. 

One (U.S.N.M. No. 8207), collected September 8, 1910, from king- 
fish. Spines evanescent; oral spines missing; a few scattering spines 
on neck and dorsal side of body. Dimensions in balsam, lateral 
view: Length, 2.73 mm.; breadth, 0.56 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.14 
mm., breadth, 0.11 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.21 mm., breadth, 0.15 
mm.; ventral sucker, length, 0.21 mm., breadth, 0.24 mm.; ova, 0.08 
by 0.04 mm. Greatest breadth near posterior end at level of pos- 
terior testis, tapering to anterior end, posterior end bluntly rounded; 
prepharynx shorter than pharynx; esophagus very short or none; cir- 
rus pouch long, slender, dorsal to ventral sucker; seminal vesicle 
long, pyriform, behind ventral sucker about halfway to ovary; testes 
about as broad as long, separated by a short interval which is filled 
with vitellaria; posterior testis 0.28 mm. from posterior end; ovary 
nearly circular in outline, at anterior border of first testis, on right 
side of median line; vitellaria extend to within about 0.1 mm. of 
ventral sucker ; vitelline follicles rather coarse; ova in front of ovary, 
few. 

Recorded from white perch: Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 20, pp. 
536, 537, 1898; Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, p. 456, 1901. One 
(U.S.N.M. No. 8208), collected May 31, 1907, from white perch; 


TREMATODES FROM FISHES—-LINTON 57 


length, 7 mm. in formalin. Densely spinous on neck, spines con- 
tinue to level of posterior testis. This specimen, mounted in balsam, 
shows only a lateral view of oral spines. There are about 42 spines 
in the two oral circles. Length of oral spines about 0.06 mm., of neck 
spines about 0.036 mm.; seminal vesicle extends more than halfway 
from ventral sucker to ovary; vitellaria extend from posterior end 
to level of anterior border of ventral sucker; a few follicles between 
testes; prepharynx as long as pharynx; esophagus short, or none; 
ova, 0.084 by 0.045 mm. 

Recorded from striped bass: Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 20, pp. 535, 
536, 1898; Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, p. 455, 1901. One 
(U.S.N.M. No. 8209), collected July 13, 1925, from striped bass. This 
distome was somewhat macerated, oral and cuticular spines missing. 
The seminal vesicle extends 1 mm. back of ventral sucker, to a point 
0.7 mm. in front of ovary. The vitellaria extend to within 0.2 mm. 
of the ventral sucker, its follicles filling the intervals between the 
testes and between the ovary and first testis. The ovary is separated 
from the first testis by a space equal to its diameter, and the testes 
are separated from each other by a somewhat longer interval. Shell 
gland in front of ovary; no seminal receptacle could be distin- 
guished, but the early folds of the uterus appeared to contain sperm. 
Dimensions in balsam: Length, 4.62 mm.; breadth, 0.56 mm. (maxi- 
mum, at anterior border of ventral sucker); breadth behind ven- 
tral sucker, 0.45 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.14 mm., breadth, 0.21 
mm.; pharynx, length, 0.14 mm., breadth, 0.21 mm.; ventral sucker, 
length, 0.8 mm., breadth, 0.33 mm.; ova, 0.084 by 0.04 mm., 0.09 by 
0.045 mm.; length of prepharynx, 0.35 mm.; esophagus lacking or 
very short. A reexamination of old material from this host was 
made and the number of oral spines found to be 42, as stated in the 
original description of the species. 

Recorded from toadfish: Bull. U. 8. Fish Comm. for 1899, pp. 
468, 469, 1901. 


STEPHANOSTOMUM VALDE-INFLATUM (Stossich) 


Distomum valde-inflatum Stossich, Linton, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 20, pp. 
527, 528, pl. 47, figs. 1, 2, 1898; Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, pp. 444, 
464, 1901. 

Since these immature, encysted distomes have not yet been allied 
with any adult stage it seems best to record them under this specific 
designation. 

Hosts —Filefish (Ceratacanthus schoepfi), silversides (Menidia 
notata), toadfish (Opsanus tau), sunfish (Mola mola). 

Record of collections—Recorded from filefish: Proc. U. S. Nat. 
Mus., vol. 20, pp. 527, 528, 1898; Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899; 


58 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 88 


pp. 444, 464, 1901. One, collected August 17, 1909, in cyst from file- 
fish. Specimens collected July 13, 1911, in cysts on intestine of file- 
fish ; length, 1.12 mm., breadth, 0.8 mm. Large numbers of spherical 
cysts, collected August 21, 1915, from filefish, widely distributed in 
the muscles from tail to head, and between the vertebral spines, both 
haemal and dorsal; also in the peritoneal cavity, on the viscera and on 
the ventricle. In the flesh the spherical cysts, from 0.06 to 2 mm. 
in diameter, are enclosed in larger cysts 4.5 by 2.5 mm. Cysts on the 
ventrical and viscera are globular, without any of the white, granular, 
or cheesy material which is associated with the cysts in the flesh. 

Many spherical cysts, collected September 6, 1927, from filefish 
in peritoneal cavity, on auricles and on mucous membrane of 
pharynx; a double circle of hooks around the mouth, about 32 in each 
circle. 

Recorded from silversides: Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, p. 
444, 1901. Many globular cysts on viscera of silversides, collected by 
Dr. Irving A. Field on August 25, 1904. Few small cysts, collected 
August 30, 1910, from silversides; transparent, amber colored, and 
containing opaque distomes; cysts 0.8 mm. to 1 mm. in diameter; 24 
fishes examined. 

One, collected July 6, 1901, from toadfish; small, yellow, globular 
cyst, containing a distome with double circle of spines around mouth ; 
about 24 spines in each circle. Few cysts on mesentery of toadfish, 
collected August 22, 1903. Four cysts on mesentery of toadfish col- 
lected August 25, 1903. Two cysts in stomach wall of toadfish, col- 
lected August 4, 1908. 

A distome (U.S.N.M. No. 8210), collected from a sunfish, July 19, 
1926, is here recorded. The specimen is not in good condition, having 
lost all the oral, and the greater part of the cuticular, spines. The 
neck is relatively longer and slenderer than in S. dentatwm; also 
there is a seminal receptacle, which has not been observed in the dis- 
tomes from the flounder. Measurements in balsam: Length, 1.82 
mm.; breadth, 0.4 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.12 mm., breadth, 0.14 
mm.; pharynx, length, 0.12 mm., breadth, 0.06 mm.; ventral sucker, 
length, 0.18 mm., breadth, 0.25 mm.; ova, 0.054 by 0.027 mm., 0.06 by 
0.036 mm. 

Another small distome was noted that had spines around the mouth, 
but unfortunately it was lost before measurements had been made. 


STEPHANOSTOMUM species 
PLATE 4, FIGURES 29-31 


Host.—Great amberfish (Seriola lalandi). 
Three of the distomes (U.S.N.M. No. 8211), collected from this 
host, September 20, 1910, differ from the others obtained on this 


TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 59 


date. They are much smaller and are sagittate, or long-oval, in out- 
line instead of linear. They are somewhat macerated, all spines 
missing, except a few of the oral spines on one specimen. The great- 
est breadth is at about the middle of the postacetabular region, 
whence they taper rather uniformly to the anterior end, and are 
bluntly rounded posteriorly. The ventral sucker is much larger than 
the oral; pharynx longer than broad, and longer than the oral 
sucker; prepharynx as long as or longer than pharynx; esophagus 
short or lacking. The seminal vesicle extends far back of the 
ventral sucker; testes near the posterior end, one following and 
touching the other; ovary relatively small, at right anterior border 
of first testis; uterus between ovary and ventral sucker; vitellaria 
diffuse, follicles small, extending, in a specimen 2.28 mm. in length, 
to within 0.35 mm. of the ventral sucker. In optical section the neck 
shows a deeper layer of strong, transverse fibers, which are some- 
what sinuous, and produce the effect of a lattice with lozenge-shaped 
openings, and an outer layer of fine, longitudinal fibers (pl. 4, 
fig. 31). 

Measurements in balsam: Length, 3.22 mm., maximum breadth, 
0.59 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.14 mm., breadth, 0.15 mm.; pharynx, 
length, 0.28 mm., breadth, 0.14 mm.; ventral sucker, length, 0.27 
mm., breadth, 0.28 mm.; oral spines, length, 0.021 mm., breadth, 
0.012 mm.; ova, 0.06 by 0.03 mm. 

These distomes bear some resemblance to Lechradena edentula 
Linton ”*, which should be regarded as a species of Stephanostomum. 


STEPHANOSTOMUM species 


Host.—Leatherjack (Oligoplites saurus). 

Two fragments of a distome (U.S.N.M. No. 8212), collected July 
24, 1924, are here noted. 

Measurements in balsam: Anterior fragment: Length, 2.8 mm.; 
breadth, 0.85 mm.; length of seminal vesicle, 1.26 mm., breadth, 
0.18 mm.; ova, 0.069 by 0.036 mm. The anterior end of the seminal 
vesicle is about at the same level as the anterior follicles of the 
vitellaria, which are 0.49 mm. from the anterior end of the frag- 
ment on one side, and 0.63 mm. on the other. Posterior fragment : 
Length, 4.62 mm.; breadth, 0.7 mm.; first testis, length, 0.8 mm., 
breadth, 0.46 mm.; second testis, length, 0.87 mm., breadth, 0.46 mm.; 
ovary, length, 0.26 mm., breadth, 0.28 mm.; distance between ovary 
and first testis, 0.15 mm., between testes, 0.22 mm.; from second 
testis to posterior end, 138 mm. Vitellaria, composed of rather 
coarse follicles, fill the posttesticular space, the spaces between 
testes and those between ovary and testis. They are interrupted at 


4 Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ. 133, pp. 46, 47, fig. 87, 1910. 


60 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88 


the levels of testes and ovary, begin again on front of the ovary, 
and continue in the anterior fragment along each lateral margin in 
a band about one third the breadth of the body. The anterior frag- 
ment is very densely spinose, the spines continuing to the level of 
the first testis, where they are sparse; length of spines about 0.01 
mm.; testes long-oval, ovary nearly circular in outline; shell gland 
in front of ovary; no seminal receptacle seen; some indication that 
the supply of sperm had been exhausted, numerous nucleated cells, 
apparently unfertilized germ cells, lying in the uterus associated 
with the ova. 


Family ECHINOSTOMIDAE Looss, 1902 
Subfamily ECHINOSTOMINAE Looss, 1899 


Genus ECHINOSTOMUM Rudolphi, 1899 
ECHINOSTOMUM species 


In June, 1915, twelve trout perch (Percopsis omiscomaycus) from 
Constantia, N. Y. (Oneida Lake), collected June 6, were sent to me 
for examination. Dr. Tarleton H. Bean in an accompanying letter 
stated that the collector reported that about 5 percent of the fish had 
“something wrong with the eyes.” ‘The fish had been taken from a 
small stream into which they had come to spawn. No distomes were 
found in any of the abnormal eyes. Tissues from diseased and from 
normal eyes were examined for bacteria by E. S. Linton. Numerous 
short bacilli were found in the abnormal eyes, none were found in 
the normal eyes. Two encysted distomes were found in an apparently 
normal eye, one in the connective tissue outside the eyeball, the 
other in one of the eye muscles; diameters of cysts 0.4 by 0.3 mm. 
and 0.3 by 0.22 mm.; distomes with a single circle of about 24 spines 
around the mouth, length of spines 0.04 mm.; neck spinose. In one 
of the fishes an eye which seemed to be more prominent than the 
other was opened and an encysted distome found in the teased mate- 
rial, apparently from the connective tissue surrounding the eyeball; 
body of distome minutely spinose; single circle of spines, 20 or more, 
around the mouth; length of spines, 0.035 mm. Length of distome, 
0.34 mm. Another slightly bulging eye was examined and two en- 
cysted distomes found. The larger cyst measured 0.56 by 0.5 mm. 
What appears to be this specimen, compressed and mounted in balsam, 
is 0.8 mm. in length; diameter of crown of spines, 0.17 mm.; length 
of spines, 0.04 mm.; number of spines about 30; diameter of ventral 
sucker, 0.07 mm. The smaller cyst, 0.33 by 0.22 mm.; number of oral 
spines 20 or more; length of spines 0.0835 mm. Another cyst adhering 
to the outside of an eyeball measured 0.37 by 0.84 mm.; distome with 
about 18 oral spines. (U.S.N.M. No. 8213.) 


TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 61 


Subfamily HIMASTHLINAE Odhner, 1911 


Genus HIMASTHLA Dietz, 1909 
HIMASTHLA TENSA, new species 


PLatTe 4, FIGURE 35 


Body nearly linear; neck short, covered with minute spines, about 
0.02 mm. in length and continuing for a short distance back of the 
ventral sucker; pharynx small, close to oral sucker; esophagus long; 
intestines begin at anterior border of ventral sucker, indistinct in 
balsam mounts, but appear to extend to posterior end. Genital pore 
at anterior edge of ventral sucker on median line; cirrus pouch and 
seminal vesicle long, extending back of ventral sucker, the seminal 
vesicle more or less spirally curved; testes longer than broad, near 
posterior end, one following the other closely. In one of the speci- 
mens the testes are slightly irregular, the first having a deep notch 
on one side and the second being constricted about the middle of its 
length, the posterior half being distinctly narrower than the anterior. 
Ovary subglobular, a short distance in front of the first testis and a 
little to the right of the median line. An ample shell gland and vitel- 
line reservoir lie between the ovary and first testis. The early folds 
of the uterus contain sperm. The vitellaria extend from the posterior 
end about to the posterior end of the seminal vesicle. The body is 
considerably elongated between the ovary and ventral sucker; numer- 
ous ova lie along the median line, between the marginal vitellaria, 
from the ovary to the anterior end of the vitellaria. 

The ventral sucker is larger than the oral, and the mouth is sur- 
rounded by a single circle of spines, with two extra spines at the 
angles at each side. These extra spines are posterior to the others, and 
if continued would form an outer circle. The oral spines are about 
0.02 mm. in length and 0.015 mm. in breadth; as near as could be 
determined the number of oral spines is about 32. 

Measurements in balsam: Length, 5.82 mm.; maximum breadth, 
0.59 mm.; breadth of circle of oral spines, 0.26 mm., of oral sucker, 
0.11 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.11 mm., breadth, 0.07 mm.; ventral 
sucker, length, 0.31 mm., breadth, 0.81 mm.; ova somewhat variabie, 
average of four 0.075 by 0.038 mm.; first testis, length, 0.5 mm., 
breadth, 0.82 mm.; second testis, length, 0.7 mm., breadth, 0.28 mm.; 
distance of second testis from posterior end, 0.7 mm.; length of 
esophagus, 0.85 mm. 

Host—Common codfish (Gadus morrhua). 

Record of collections —Three (U.S.N.M. No. 8214), collected Jan- 
uary 22, 1915; 12 fishes examined. 


62 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 88 
Family ALLOCREADIIDAE Stossich, 1904 
Subfamily ALLOCREADIINAE Looss, 1902 


Genus LEBOURIA Nicoll, 1909 
LEBOURIA TRUNCATA, new species 
PLATE 3, Fieures 21, 22 


Small distomes, smooth, generally broadest near posterior end, 
tapering to anterior end; often subtriangular in outline; ventral 
sucker larger than oral; pharynx about half diameter of oral sucker; 
esophagus short, but in flattened specimens as long as or longer than 
pharynx; intestines reach to posterior end; genital pore near posterior 
end of pharynx, on median line, or near it. Cirrus and cirrus pouch 
not seen; seminal vesicle dorsal to ventral sucker, seen at the an- 
terior border of the ventral sucker in one, where it appeared to have 
been crowded forward by the mass of ova; in another it lay at the 
right posterior border of the ventral sucker, length, 0.09 mm., breadth, 
0.045 mm., and extending for about half its length back of the ventral 
sucker. It would appear that the cirrus is represented only by an 
ejaculatory duct. Testes two, diagonal, contiguous. Ovary in front 
of right testis, on right side of median line, lobed. Uterus between 
testes and ventral sucker, many ova lying along the left side and in 
front of the ventral sucker, as far as the pharynx, and in one case 
to the left side of the oral sucker. While not certainly made out, 
the early folds of the uterus appeared to contain sperm. Shell gland 
on left of ovary; vitellaria diffuse, from posterior end along the mar- 
gins to the level of the pharynx. Ova in balsam about 0.06 by 
0.03 mm. 

Type specimens —U.S.N.M. No. 8216 (holotype and paratypes). 

Hosts—Common weakfish (Cynoscion regalis), kingfish (Menti- 
cirrhus saxatilis), white perch (Morone americana), lizardfish 
(Synodus foetens). 

Record of collections ——Collections of July 7, 1899, and August 6, 
1900, from weakfish, on slides containing specimens of Cymbephallus 
witellosus. Dimensions in balsam: Length, 1.57 mm., breadth, 0.75 
mm.; breadth of oral sucker, 0.16 mm., of pharynx, 0.08 mm., of 
ventral sucker, 0.31 mm.; ova, 0.061 by 0.034 mm. 

Twelve (U.S.N.M. No. 8215), collected September 10, 1928, from 
8 young weakfish, from 68 to 112 mm. in length. These fish were 
seined on the same date and at the same locality as the examples of 
Menticirrhus saxatilis and Synodus foetens, from which this distome 
was also obtained. 


TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 63 


One (U.S.N.M. No. 8216), collected September 11, 1907, from king- 
fish. Measurements, life: Length, 1.28 mm., breadth, 0.6 mm.; breadth 
of oral sucker, 0.12 mm., of pharynx, 0.07 mm., of ventral sucker, 
0.28 mm.; ova, 0.061 by 0.034 mm. The specimen, in balsam, is much 
flattened, slightly broader at the level of the posterior edge of the 
ventral sucker than toward the posterior end; esophagus a little 
longer than pharynx. 

One, collected September 23, 1913, from kingfish; 8 fishes examined. 
Length in balsam, 1.12 mm., breadth, 0.53 mm. 

Twenty-four small distomes, collected September 10, 1928, from 
kingfish; 34 young fishes, 81 to 1837 mm. in length, examined; same 
species found in young Cynoscion regalis and lizardfish (Synodus 
joetens), seined at the same locality on the same date. Dimensions 
of larger specimens in close agreement with those given above. Di- 
mensions of the smaller distomes in balsam: Length, 0.67 mm.; 
breadth, 0.25 mm.; breadth of oral sucker, 0.08 mm., of pharynx, 
0.045 mm., of ventral sucker, 0.13 mm.; ova 0.06 by 0.03 mm. 

One (U.S.N.M. No. 8217), collected May 31, 1907, from white perch. 
Dimensions, balsam: Length, 0.70 mm., breadth, 0.38 mm.; diameter 
of oral sucker, 0.15 mm., of pharynx, 0.08 mm., of ventral sucker, 
0.24 mm.; ova, 0.075 by 0.036 mm. Found adhering to a specimen 
of Stephanostomum tenue. Vitellaria dense, extending in front of 
ventral sucker; testes diagonal; ovary lobed, and adjacent to testis, to 
right of median line; only two ova in uterus. 

One, collected September 11, 1928, from lizardfish; 15 fishes exam- 
ined; same locality and date as specimens of species from Cynoscion 
regalis and Menticirrhus sawxatilis. 


LEBOURIA species 
PLATE 8, FIGURE 23 


A distome, near Lebouria truncata, is here recorded. 

Body widest at ventral sucker, tapering rapidly to anterior, and 
more gradually to posterior end. Genital pore to left of median line, 
at level of posterior end of pharynx; prepharynx short, esophagus 
about as long as pharynx; seminal vesicle extends a little way beyond 
the posterior edge of the ventral sucker on the left side; intestines 
concealed by the vitellaria; testes diagonal, close together, at about 
middle of postacetabular space; ovary lobed, at right anterior border 
of first testis; uterus between ovary and ventral sucker; vitellaria 
diffuse, from posterior end along margins nearly to pharynx. 

Measurements in balsam: Length, 1.12 mm.; breadth, 0.36 mm.; 
oral sucker, length, 0.10 mm., breadth, 0.08 mm.; pharynx, length, 
0.07 mm., breadth, 0.06 mm.; ventral sucker, length, 0.18 mm., 
breadth, 0.25 mm.; ova, 0.075 by 0.033 mm. 


64 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88 


Host—Northern barracuda (Sphyraena borealis). 
Record of collection—One (U.S.N.M. No. 8218), collected October 
29, 1926; 168 fishes examined. 


LEBOURIA species 
PLATE 3, FIGURE 24 


Host.—Common flatfish (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) . 

Record of collection—One specimen, collected May 16, 1916. 
Dimensions in balsam: Length 1.26 mm.; breadth 0.98 mm.; diameter 
of oral sucker 0.21 mm., of pharynx 0.09 mm., of ventral sucker 0.35 
mm.; ova 0.072 by 0.084 mm. (U.S.N.M. No. 8219.) A small dis- 
tome, near L. truncata, somewhat damaged and distorted, being 
broken on the left side near the posterior end, where a mass of eggs 
protrudes, and having the posterior end folded under ventrally. The 
testes appear to be nearly transverse, but the left testis has probably 
been crowded back by the mass of ova between it and the ventral 
sucker. Body smooth, ovate, broadest at level of testes, which are 
nearly transverse and near the posterior end; testes nearly circular in 
outline; ovary lobed, near anterior border of right testis; shell gland 
to left of ovary, median; vitellaria extend forward to level of oral 
sucker, follicles coarse, concealing intestines. So far as the anatomy 
can be made out there is a rather close agreement with the distomes 
from Cynoscion regalis. 


Genus PODOCOTYLE Dujardin, 1845 


PODOCOTYLE ATOMON (Rudolphi) 


PLATE 1, F1GuRES 1-7 


Distomum simplex Rudolphi, Linton, Bull. U. 8S. Fish Comm. for 1899, p. 485, 
1901. 

Sinistropus simplex (Rudolphi), STArFrorD, Zool. Anz., vol. 27, pp. 484, 485, 1904.— 
Cooper, Trans. Roy. Soc. Canada, ser. 3, vol. 9, sect. 4, pp. 185, 186, fig. 
6-8, 1915. 

Podocotyle atomon (Rudolphi), MAnrTER, Illinois Biol. Mon., vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 
207, 208, fig. 49, 1926. 

Body smooth, usually of nearly same breadth throughout; ventral 
sucker larger than oral; prepharynx short, esophagus as long as or 
longer than pharynx; intestines extend to posterior end; genital pore 
to left of median line, approximately near level of posterior end of 
pharynx; cirrus pouch anterior and dorsal to ventral sucker; seminal 
vesicle extending but a short distance back of ventral sucker; testes 2, 
relatively small, one following the other, in some cases with little or 
no interval between them, in others with an interval into which 
follicles of the vitellaria are inserted; ovary in front of first testis, 


TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 65 


lobed, usually its posterior end three lobed; yolk reservoir dorsal to 
anterior border of ovary; seminal receptacle in front of and ventral 
to yolk reservoir, not clearly defined in mounted material, the sperm 
may be in the early folds of the uterus; shell gland ventral, in front 
of ovary; uterus between ovary and ventral sucker; ova, in balsam 
mounts, about 0.07 by 0.03 mm.; vitellaria diffuse, from posterior end 
along margins without interruption to the ventral sucker. 

Hosts—Long-spined sculpin (Acanthocottus octodecimspinosus), 
common eastern stickleback (Gladiunculus bispinosus), sea raven 
(Hemitripterus americanus), rusty dab (Limanda ferruginea), tom- 
cod (Microgadus tomcod), grubby (Acanthocotius aeneus), common 
gurnard (Merulinus carolinus), common flatfish (Pseudopleuronectes 
americanus), tautog (T’autoga onitis). 

Record of collections—AlI\ collections from Acanthocottus octo- 
decimspinosus made by Vinal N. Edwards. Three, collected April 
20, 1914, from sculpin; three, May 14, 1914; one, October 20, 1914; 
five, October 24, 1914, 80 fishes examined; two, October 30, 1914, 
50 fishes examined. 

Nine, collected April 5, 1915, from sculpin; 34, collected April 12, 
1915; 22, collected April 26, 1915. 

One, collected April 21, 1916, from sculpin, five fishes examined; 
37 (U.S.N.M. No. 8220), collected April 24, 1916. 

Many shapes and sizes among formalin material. The length 
varies from 2.2 mm., with a breadth of 0.52 mm., to 6 mm., breadth, 
2.5 mm.; ova, 0.08 by 0.05 mm. 

Measurements in balsam: Length, 5.88 mm.; breadth, 1.54 mm.; 
oral sucker, length, 0.82 mm., breadth, 0.36 mm.; pharynx, length, 
0.21 mm., breadth, 0.21 mm.; ventral sucker, length, 0.46 mm., 
breadth, 0.57 mm.; length of esophagus, 0.49 mm.; breadth of first 
testis, 0.56 mm., of second testis, 0.6 mm.; ova 0.075 by 0.082 mm. 

One (U.S.N.M. No. 8221), collected by Vinal N. Edwards, May 8, 
1914, from eastern stickleback. Measurements in balsam: Length, 
2.6 mm.; maximum breadth, 0.7 mm.; breadth of oral sucker, 0.2 
mm., of pharynx, 0.14 mm., of ventral sucker, 0.82 mm., of first testis, 
0.21 mm.; ova, 0.07 by 0.083 mm. 

All collections from Hemitripterus americanus made by Vinal N. 
Edwards. Two, collected November 20, 1911. 

Five of the 43 distomes collected on April 26, 1915, and May 26, 
1915 (U.S.N.M. No. 8222), from sea raven belong to this species. 

Following are average measurements of seven specimens in balsam, 
of which the smallest had a length of 2 mm., and breadth of 0.68 mm., 
and the largest a length of 4.54 mm. and breadth of 1.54 mm.; Length, 
3.384 mm.; breadth, 1.03 mm.; breadth of oral sucker, 0.23 mm., of 


pharynx, 0.14 mm.; ventral sucker, 0.837 mm.; length of esophagus, 
155599—40—5 


66 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88 


0.18 mm.; breadth of first testis, 0.33 mm., of second testis, 0.3 mm.}; 
ova about 0.075 by 0.036 mm. 

Recorded from rusty dab: Linton, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, 
p. 485, 1901. A reexamination of balsam mounts shows that these 
distomes belong here. Dimensions in balsam: Length, 2.71 mm., 
breadth, 0.84 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.14 mm., breadth, 0.17 mm.; 
pharynx, length, 0.07 mm., breadth, 0.1 mm.; ventral sucker, length, 
0.24 mm., breadth, 0.8 mm.; breadth of first testis, 0.29 mm., second 
testis, 0.28 mm.; ova, 0.084 by 0.048 mm. In the lateral view of 
another specimen the length of the pharynx is 0.07 mm., of the esoph- 
agus, 0.14 mm. (U.S.N.M. No. 8223). 

One (U.S.N.M. No, 8224), collected March 31, 1913, from tomcod, 
in a lot of 75 or more distomes, all of which, except this, belong to the 
species P. ollsont. Dimensions in balsam: Length, 3.20 mm., breadth, 
1.18 mm.; length of esophagus, 0.17 mm.; first testis, length, 0.18 mm., 
breadth, 0.30 mm. 

Two (U.S.N.M. No. 8225), collected February 17, 1913, from 
grubby. 

Five, collected February 3, 1915, from grubby; 8 fishes examined. 
Two of these are immature, length, 1.85 and 1.96 mm.; lengths of 
others, mature, 2.94 to 3.29 mm. Length of one in balsam, 3.1 mm.; 
breadth, 0.96 mm.; length of esophagus, U.24 mm.; first testis, length, 
0.25 mm., breadth, 0.25 mm. 

One (U.S.N.M. No. 8226), collected July 21, 1924, from common 
gurnard. Yellowish, and minutely rugose before compression; cirrus 
short, seminal vesicle enclosed in cirrus bulb; posterior end of seminal 
vesicle at anterior border of ventral sucker. Measurements in balsam: 
Length, 2.66 mm., breadth, 0.67 mm.; diameter of oral sucker, 0.22 
mm.; pharynx, length, 0.1 mm.; breadth, 0.13 mm.; ventral sucker, 
length, 0.24 mm., breadth, 0.32 mm.; length of prepharynx, 0.04 mm., 
of esophagus, 0.13 mm.; ova, 0.075 by 0.036 mm. 

Distomes referred to this species were collected by Vinal N. Ed- 
wards from the winter flounder on 19 dates in six different years in 
the months of February, April, May, October, and December. The 
infestation in all cases was light. Thus, the record shows that on 12 
dates 131 fishes were examined and a total of 97 distomes found. 
The highest average per host on any date was less than five, when 19 
distomes were obtained from four fishes. On four dates the record 
for each date was one distome, although on those dates 66 fishes were 
examined. The smallest adult with ova measures, in balsam, 1.22 
mm., in length, the largest, 5.18 mm. An average of six gave the 
breadth, 0.95 mm., and breadth of first testis 0.31 mm. (U.S.N.M. 
Nos. 8227, 8228.) 


TREMATODES FROM FISHES—-LINTON 67 


Six (U.S.N.M. No. 8229), collected May 4, 1914, from the tautog. 
Largest, in formalin: Length, 5 mm.; breadth, 1.5 mm. In balsam, 
largest, length, 3.92 mm.; breadth, 1.12 mm.; smallest, length, 2.8 
mm., breadth, 1 mm. Measurements in balsam: Length, 3.82 mm.; 
breadth, 1.06 mm.; breadth of oral sucker, 0.21 mm., of ventral sucker, 
0.389 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.11 mm., breadth, 0.14 mm.; length of 
esophagus, 0.14 mm.; breadth of first testis, 0.14 mm.; ova, 0.075 by 
0.039 mm. Average of six: Breadth, 0.95 mm; breadth of first testis, 
0.32 mm. Vitellaria extend to ventral sucker, uninterrupted at level 


of testes. 
PODOCOTYLE OLSSONI Odhner 


PLATE 1, Fiaures 8-12 


Distomum simplex Rudolphi, LinTon, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 20, pp. 525, 
526, pl. 47, figs. 3-7, 1989; Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, pp. 436, 468, 
475, 485, figs. 351, 332, 1901. 

Distomum vitellosum LINTON, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, p. 464, 1901. 

Podocotyle olssoni ODHNER, Trematoden des arktischen Gebietes, Fauna Arctica, 
vol. 4, p. 827, 1905.—Manter, Illinois Biol. Mon., vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 208, 209, 
fig. 50, 1926. 

The principal points in which this species differs from P. atomon 
are its relatively shorter esophagus, the much longer cirrus pouch 
and seminal vesicle, and the greater breadth of the testes as com- 
pared with the breadth of the body. The vitellaria are usually inter- 
rupted at the level of the testes in P. olssoni, while they are, as a rule, 
continuous in P. atomon. 

Thus, in P. olssoni the length of the esophagus seldom equals that 
of the pharynx, the seminal vesicle may extend back of the ventral 
sucker as much as halfway to the ovary, and the testes are relatively 
much larger than they are in P. atomon. 

An average of 13 of each species showed for P. atomon: Breadth 
of body, 1 mm., of first testis, 0.31 mm.; for P. olssoni: Breadth of 
body, 0.6 mm., of first testis, 0.3 mm. That is, for these specimens 
the breadth of the tests was one-third the breadth of the body in 
P. atomon, and one-half in P. olssond. 


TABLE 16.—Comparison of average measurements in Podocotyle atomon and 


P. olssoni 
Breadth of 
; Number of} Orel sucker | Pharynx in testis in 
Species specimens in ventral ventral Beedil 
sucker sucker of body 
SOL OUTRO T Sear ae A aa eee A 1. 57 2.48 3. 30 


TE NOUSSU TNE cine sone nes een Ae en eRe ae 6 1.85 3. 08 1. 54 


68 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 88 


P. olssoni has a tendency, especially if placed in fresh water or 
weak formalin, to become turgid, in which case the neck is reflected, 
often until it stands at right angles with the body. The ovary in 
both species is lobed, usually somewhat pestlelike with three lobes at 
the posterior end. 

Distomes from a large number of Woods Hole fishes are here re- 
corded. While showing much variation in shape and proportions, 
and in minor details of structure they agree in essential particulars 
with Odhner’s description of the species. 

Hosts——Long-spined sculpin (Acanthocottus octodecimspinosus) , 
American sole (Achirus fasciatus), sand launce (Ammodytes ameri- 
canus), American eel (Anguilla rostrata), lumpfish (Cyclopterus 
lumpus), common codfish (Gadus morrhua), common eastern stickle- 
back (Gladiunculus bispinosus), sea raven (Hemitripterus ameri- 
canus), conger eel (Conger conger), tomcod (Microgadus tomcod), — 
white perch (Morone americana), grubby (Acanthocottus aeneus), 
American smelt (Osmerus mordax), saramer flounder (Paralichthys 
dentatus), yellow perch (Perca flavescens), codling (Urophycis 
chuss), pollack (Pollachius virens), common gurnard (Merulinus 
carolinus), pufter (Sphoeroides maculatus), goggler (Trachurops 
crumenophthalma), garfish (Strongylura marina). 

Record of collections—Collected by Vinal N. Edwards from the 
sculpin on 17 dates in 6 different years in the months of February, 
March, April, May, October, November, and December. (U.S.N.M. 
No. 8230.) The largest number recorded on any date was 19, when 
8 fishes were examined; lengths, in formalin from 1.4 to 6 mm. 
The vitellaria in these distomes from the sculpin are, as a rule, inter- 
rupted at the level of the testes. Two were noted in which the vitel- 
laria were continuous. On a slide containing 10 distomes, 5 were 
noted with vitelline follicles in front of the ventral sucker. Of some 
30 other mounted specimens only 2 had the vitellaria as far forward 
as the anterior border of the ventral sucker. In a small proportion 
of the mounted specimens the testes are slightly lobed. Measure- 
ments in balsam: Length, 4.88 mm., breadth, 0.77 mm.; oral sucker, 
length, 0.18 mm., breadth, 0.28 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.11 mm., 
breadth, 0.11 mm.; ventral sucker, length, 0.34 mm., breadth, 0.38 
mm.; first testis, length, 0.42 mm., breadth, 0.35 mm.; second testis, 
length, 0.42 mm., breadth, 0.42 mm.; ova, 0.072 by 0.042 mm. 

From American sole: One, immature, collected October 14, 1915. 
Measurements in balsam: Length, 1.09 mm., breadth, 0.29 mm.; oral 
sucker, length, 0.08 mm., breadth, 0.11 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.045 
mm., breadth, 0.03 mm.; diameter of ventral sucker, 0.18 mm.; 
breadth of first testis, 0.14 mm. 

From sand launce: Two (U.S.N.M. No. 8281), collected Octo- 
ber 14, 1914. Length, in formalin, 4 mm. Twelve fish examined. 


TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 69 


Lengths in balsam, 3.08 and 1.96 mm. They agree with this species 
in all essentials. 

From American eel: One, collected September 2, 1903; length, 
2.32 mm., breadth, 0.88 mm. One, collected August 16, 1912. One, 
collected April 18, 1913; length in formalin, 4 mm.; measurements 
in balsam: Length, 3.15 mm., breadth, 0.56 mm.; oral sucker, length, 
0.16 mm., breadth, 0.22 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.14 mm., breadth, 0.14 
mm.; ventral sucker, lateral view, length, 0.37 mm., breadth, 0.33 
mm.; first testis, length, 0.35 mm., breadth, 0.36 mm. 

From lumpfish: One (U.S.N.M. No. 8282), collected May 9, 
1916, from fish that had been preserved in formalin: Length, 5.5 
mm., breadth, 1.5 mm. Measurements in balsam: Length, 3.71 mm., 
breadth, 0.77 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.2 mm., breadth, 0.21 mm.; 
pharynx, length, 0.11 mm., breadth, 0.14 mm.; ventral sucker, length, 
0.36 mm., breadth, 0.4 mm.; length of esophagus, 0.07 mm.; breadth of 
first testis, 0.88 mm.; ova, 0.084 by 0.042 mm. All the lumpfish ex- 
amined in 1924 and 1926 had been taken in May. Some had been put 
at once in formalin, others were kept in aquaria. The dates given 
are those on which the fish were examined: 

Two, June 23, 1924; length, life, 4.5 mm. 

Four, June 24, 1926. Three fishes, which had been preserved in 
formalin examined; 2 distomes found in each of the two larger; 
lengths in formalin, 2.5 to 4 mm. 

One, July 6, 1926. Measurements, life: Length, 2.94 mm.; breadth, 
0.77 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.14 mm., breadth, 0.16 mm.; pharynx, 
length, 0.13 mm., breadth, 0.1 mm.; ventral sucker, length, 0.28 mm., 
breadth, 0.88 mm.; ova, 0.085 by 0.044 mm. 

Three, July 8, 1926; slender, white, flaccid; length of largest, 9 
mm.; breadth, 0.67 mm. In balsam these distomes are slender and 
linear, the breadth of the body at the level of the testes being little 
more than the breadth of a testis. In the largest of the three the 
ova few and imperfect and confined to the metraterm. In the others 
the ova are many and of normal size. 

One, July 10, 1926; slender and, before compression, irregular in 
outline: Length, 3.78 mm.; breadth, 0.63 mm.; breadth of oral sucker, 
0.19 mm., of pharynx, 0.11 mm., of ventral sucker, 0.45 mm.; ova, 
0.07 by 0.04 mm. 

One, July 138, 1926, length, 3.45 mm. 

An average of four of these distomes from the lumpfish gives the 
diameter of the ventral sucker twice that of the oral sucker, and a 
little less than three times that of the pharynx. 

From common codfish: One, collected December 10, 1914; 25 fishes 
examined; length in formalin, 5.5 mm. 

Twelve (U.S.N.M. No. 8233), collected January 16, 1915; 80 fishes 
examined; length in formalin, 2 to 7 mm. 


70 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL, 88 


These distomes from the cod are elongated, slender, with promi- 
nent ventral suckers. Average of four: Breadth, 0.49 mm.; breadth 
of first testis, 0.81 mm. 

From common eastern stickleback: This distome was collected from 
the stickleback on 10 dates in 6 different years, in the months of 
April, May, June, and July. On all but one date the collections were 
made by Vinal N. Edwards. Distomes not numerous, 114 in all. 
Over 200 fishes were examined. The largest number recorded for any 
date is 25, when 40 fishes were examined. They range in length from 
3 to 7mm. in formalin. Many of them are turgid, with conical necks 
reflected dorsally at right angles to the body. In some cases the vitel- 
laria are not interrupted at the level of the testes. Ventral sucker 
approximately twice the diameter of the oral sucker, and three times 
that of the pharynx. Measurements, life: Length, 3 mm., breadth, 
0.42 mm.; breadth of oral sucker, 0.15 mm., of pharynx, 0.09 mm., of 
ventral sucker, 0.86 mm. (U.S.N.M. No. 8234.) 

From the sea raven: Collected from this host by Vinal N. Edwards 
on 9 dates in 6 different years, in the months of January, April, 
May, October, and December. The record shows that 16 fishes were 
examined, from which 198 distomes were obtained. The greatest 
number recorded from one fish is 117, collected on May 15, 1916; 
the smallest for any one date is one on December 24, 1912, when three 
fishes were examined. A distome, one of a lot of 16 collected on April 
26, 1915, is exceptional in that, in spite of its size (length, 9 mm., 
maximum diameter, 1.12 mm.) no ova are present. It would appear 
that something had gone wrong with its egg-making mechanism. 
In front of the ovary there is a great deal of granular material as- 
sociated with the follicles of the vitellaria. Masses of this material 
lie in front of the vitellaria, extending on the left side to the middle 
of the ventral sucker, and on the right side to its anterior border. 
(U.S.N.M. No. 8235.) 

While most of these distomes from the sea raven maintain a 
breadth that does not vary greatly, the point at which the greatest 
breadth occurs varies. Thus, the greatest breadth in some is at the 
level of the testes, in others behind the testes, and in yet others be- 
tween the ovary and ventral sucker. There is great variation also 
in the ratio of length to breadth. This is due to the fact that living 
specimens, in which the breadth may be as great as half the length, 
if placed in fresh water, or weak formalin, may become elongated, 
slender, and cylindrical, often with neck reflected and ventral sucker 
projecting. The cirrus is smooth, and when exserted is seen to have 
a bulbous base. The vitellaria, in extended specimens, are interrupted 
at the level of the testes; in contracted specimens they may be con- 


TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON aa 


tinuous. Average of four in balsam: Testes in breadth, 2; oral 
sucker in ventral sucker, 1.63; pharynx in ventral sucker, 3. 

On July 11, 1927, five distomes were collected from a sea raven 
measuring 20 cm. in length. These, mounted in balsam, are seen to 
taper rather uniformly from about the level of the ovary to the 
posterior end. In one the seminal receptacle is situated at the left 
anterior border of the ovary; in the other it is greatly enlarged, the 
ovary being compressed between it and the first testis. It measures 
0.16 mm. in length and 0.23 mm. in breadth. In another the ovary 
is crowded to the right side of the body by a mass of yolk, the yolk 
reservoir being greatly distended. The greatly reduced seminal ves- 
icle in this specimen lies along the left side of the yolk reservoir. 
The latter is pyriform, length, 0.28 mm., greatest breadth, 0.17 mm. 
The ovary, length, 0.18 mm., breadth, 0.14 mm., is crowded into a 
triangular space at the anterior left border of the first testis. In 
three of these specimens the esophagus about equals the pharynx 
in length, in the other it is a little longer than the pharynx. 

Recorded from the conger eel: Linton, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 
1899, p. 436, 1901. 

Recorded from the tomcod: Linton, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 20, 
p. 526, 1898; Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, p. 475, figs. 331, 332, 
1901. Collected from this host on 116 dates in 13 different years; 21 
dates in January, 10 in February, 2 in March, 36 in April, 6 in May, 
2 in June, 4 in July, 1 in August, 5 in September, 12 in October, 5 in 
November, and 12 in December (U.S.N.M. No. 8236). All collections 
with the exception of those in July and August made by Vinal N. 
Edwards. These distomes vary greatly in length and shape. Most 
of those preserved in formalin vary in length from less than 1 to 6 or 
7 mm., but slender, elongate forms occur that measure as much as 12 
mm. Most of them are linear with prominent ventral suckers and 
with vitellaria interrupted opposite the testes. It should be noted, 
however, that living forms which are thickish, with closely appressed 
testes and unbroken vitellaria, may change, under pressure of the 
cover glass, to slender, elongate forms with vitellaria interrupted at 
the level of the testes. Also, when placed in fresh water, they become 
turgid, lengthened, and cylindrical, the acetabulum prominent and the 
neck reflected dorsally. The same changes follow immersion in weak 
formalin. Only one case was noted in which the ovary was not dis- 
tinctly lobed; usually the ovary is 3-lobed at the posterior end, with 
a single anterior lobe, like the handle of a pestle. The testes in a few 
cases were slightly lobed. But one case was noted in which the body 
wall formed a raised margin around the ventral sucker. The number 
of fishes examined was not recorded in every instance. Following 
is a summary of collections in which the number of fishes examined 
was recorded : 


72 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 88 


TABLE 17.—Record of specimens of Podocotyle olssoni collected from tomcod 


Average 


Fishes ex- | Distomes 
Month amined foun eed 
UTED ye ioe a tal Se 8 De Ne a GE PE wd See 327 1, 000 3. 06 
SEAT Yeo ais ee ns CON tee es ar 2 aR tt en ee Meyrin 178 1, 760 10. 55 
Winch speek Use eg a ob ry ee as i SOE pee I Pee Lae Slates 42 120 2. 85 
VATED eel eae tse UN alae Shi AAR el age eae | es eA LAS le 541 2,411 4.45 
IVT eye lst a i ym a feed ten cen oy Rete po ct ER EO OL PTR OE RORY we aves 96 115 1, 20 
DUNS ARES Pek MAR re ea as AN ee CR eRe Bier ESN 5 57 11. 42 
BURL pS Se ey als hg 5 ek sna eee Nall Re A ber CA 2 12 15 1, 25 
PATIOS Gee ge = eas Ee Tee ee eee Sots eee ae Eee ene 13 1 - 08 
September seers 2 leh ayaa SAS aN fe) eR old eer e oho 17 35 2. 06 
Oeto Dor eee ao a gy SE aah EN RS Mes pare el oy SN ep 93 145 1. 55 
November-_.--_-_-- neem Nee LIS tLe re CEN Sete ee 1 eS ee ORE SO 40 59 1.47 
Deceinbers 5 Sis FB eee FLOR eke) Sy tet Seen Es eit ce, 136 151 | 4.78 


Measurements of one in balsam: Length, 4.66 mm., breadth, 
0.7 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.2 mm., breadth, 0.22 mm.; pharynx, 
length, 0.11 mm., breadth, 0.13 mm.; ventral sucker, length, 0.34 mm., 
breadth, 0.39 mm.; length of esophagus, 0.08 mm.; breadth of testis, 
0.42 mm.; ova, 0.072 by 0.08389 mm. Measurements in formalin: 
Length, 6.15 mm., breadth, 0.65 mm.; diameter of oral sucker, 
0.25 mm., of pharynx, 0.1 mm., of ventral sucker, 0.4 mm.; ova, 0.084 
by 0.056 mm. 

From the white perch: As in distomes from other hosts there is 
here a considerable variation in size and in details of structure. The 
smallest, in balsam, is 1 mm. in length and 0.11 mm. in diameter; the 
largest, 4.9 mm. in length and 0.56 mm. in breadth. The esophagus 
is as long as the pharynx. In many cases the vitellaria are not inter- 
rupted at the level of the testes. In some the vitellaria are inter- 
rupted on one side and not on the other. Cirrus smooth with basal 
bulb. Breadth of testis one-half or more the breadth of the body. 

One, collected August 8, 1906. Fifteen, collected July 20, 1910. 
Collected by Vinal N. Edwards on six dates in four years, in April, 
May, and October, one to six on each date; 16 in all; lengths 2 to 4 
mm. in formalin. (U.S.N.M. No. 8287.) 

From the grubby: Collected from this host by Vinal N. Edwards 
on three dates: Three, December 23, 1905; length, 5.5 mm. in for- 
malin. Two, April 14, 1910; 10 fishes examined; length, 3.5 mm. in 
formalin. Thirteen (U.S.N.M. No. 8238), February 3, 1915; 8 fishes 
examined, The smallest specimens, about 2 mm. in length and 
0.5 mm. in breadth, are immature. Others with ova from 2.8 to 4.13 
mm. in length. Measurements in balsam: Length, 3.71 mm., breadth, 
0.66 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.18 mm., breadth, 0.22 mm.; pharynx, 
length, 0.18 mm., breadth, 0.14 mm.; ventral sucker, length, 0.18 mm., 
breadth, 0.22 mm.; breadth of first testis, 0.35 mm.; ova, 0.075 by 
0.045 mm. 


TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 73 


From the American smelt: Collected by Vinal N. Edwards on two 
dates: Five, January 25, 1910. Thirty-six (U.S.N.M. No. 8239), 
June 20, 1914. In formalin, length of body, 5.8 mm., of neck, 0.7 mm.; 
diameter of body, 0.6 mm. Elongated, in most cases arcuate; necks 
short, arcuate, some reflected dorsally. Measurements, balsam: 
Length, 4.41 mm., breadth, 0.42 mm.; oral sucker, 0.14 mm., breadth, 
0.15 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.13 mm., breadth, 0.08 mm.; ventral 
sucker, length, 0.28 mm., breadth, 0.29 mm.; ova, 0.08 by 0.04 mm. 

From the summer flounder: Collected by Vinal N. Edwards on two 
dates: Two (U.S.N.M. No. 8240), September 20, 1915. Measure- 
ments in balsam: Length, 4.06 mm., breadth, 0.35 mm.; oral sucker, 
length, 0.14 mm., breadth, 0.15 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.08 mm., 
breadth, 0.1 mm.; ventral sucker, length, 0.25 mm., breadth, 0.21 mm.; 
first testis, length, 0.28 mm., breadth, 0.2 mm.; ova, 0.075 by 0.045 mm. 
Lateral view: Seventeen, October 3, 1915, 3 mm. to 6 mm. in length; 
slender, turgid. 

From the yellow perch: One (U.S.N.M. No. 8241), collected April 
23, 1914; length in formalin, 7 mm. Measurements in balsam: 
Length, 6.16 mm., breadth, 0.59 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.21 mm., 
breadth, 0.12 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.12 mm., breadth, 0.11 mm.; 
ventral sucker, length, 0.31 mm., breadth, 0.33 mm.; length of esopha- 
gus, 0.15 mm.; first testis, length, 0.49 mm., breadth, 0.5 mm.; ova, 
0.078 by 0.042 mm. There is a distinct seminal receptacle dorsal to 
the ovary and extending forward dorsal to the yolk reservoir. 

From the codling: One, collected November 17, 1913; 30 fishes 
examined; length, 4.5 mm. im formalin. One (U.S.N.M. No. 8242), 
collected May 28, 1914; 10 fishes examined; length, 2.5 mm. in for- 
malin. One, small, collected by Dr. G. A. MacCallum, August 20, 
1915. Measurements, balsam: Length, 1.85 mm., breadth, 0.56 mm.; 
oral sucker, length, 0.18 mm., breadth, 0.17 mm.; pharynx, length, 
0.07 mm., breadth, 0.1 mm.; ventral sucker, length, 0.28 mm., breadth, 
0.88 mm.; breadth of first testis, 0.31 mm.; ova, 0.072 by 0.036 mm. 

From the pollack: Twenty-four, collected August 19, 1908. Four 
(U.S.N.M. No. 8243), collected April 20, 1914. One, collected April 
8, 1915. One, collected August 30, 1920. Length in balsam, 1.72 mm. 
to 4 mm. Measurements of one in balsam: Length, 1.92 mm., 
breadth, 0.53 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.14 mm., breadth, 0.13 mm.; 
pharynx, length, 0.08 mm., breadth, 0.08 mm.; ventral sucker, length, 
0.25 mm., breadth, 0.8 mm.; length of esophagus, 0.11 mm.; ova, 
0.072 by 0.036 mm. A prepharynx could be distinguished in a few 
specimens which had been flattened. 

From the common gurnard: Two (U.S.N.M. No. 8244), collected 
April 16, 1915; lengths in formalin, 2 mm. and 3.5 mm. Measure- 
ments in balsam: Length, 2.32 mm., breadth, 0.77 mm.; oral sucker, 


74 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88 


length, 0.17 mm., breadth, 0.22 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.1 mm., 
breadth, 0.11 mm.; ventral sucker, length, 0.31 mm., breadth, 0.42 mm. ; 
length of esophagus, 0.07 mm.; ova, 0.08 by 0.04 mm. 

From the puffer: Recorded by Linton (Distomum vitellosum), 
Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, p. 464, 1901. One, partly macer- 
ated, collected August 2, 1907. One, small, collected August 10, 1907. 
Three, collected June 8, 1914; largest, in formalin, 4.5 mm. One, col- 
lected June 8, 1916. These specimens in balsam are somewhat shriv- 
eled, but are in sufficiently good condition to identify. The ovary is 
lobed and: pestle-shaped, and the vitellaria are interrupted opposite 
the testes. 

From the goggler: One (U.S.N.M. No. 8245), collected September 
13, 1915; length, in formalin, 5 mm. Measurements in balsam: 
Length, 4.76 mm., breadth, 0.56 mm.; diameter of oral sucker, 0.2 
mm., of pharynx, 0.11 mm., of ventral sucker, 0.35 mm., of first 
testis, 0.85 mm.; ova, 0.078 by 0.045 mm. Cirrus exserted, smooth, 
length, 0.23 mm.; diameter at tip, 0.04 mm., at base, 0.06 mm.; ovary 
trilobed; vitellaria interrupted at level of testes. 

From the garfish (Strongylura marina) : Two, collected October 9, 
1915; length in formalin, 3.82 mm. One, collected July 12, 1926. 
Measurements in balsam: Length, 3.15 mm., breadth, 0.52 mm.; 
breadth of oral sucker, 0.17 mm., of pharynx, 0.13 mm., of ventral 
sucker, 0.27 mm.; ova, 0.08 by 0.045 mm. 


PODOCOTYLE species 


PLATE 22, FIGURE 288 


Body slender, greatest breadth at about level of ventral sucker; 
diameter of ventral sucker about twice that of oral sucker; diameter 
of pharynx about half that of oral sucker; prepharynx short; 
esophagus as long as or longer than pharynx; intestines extend nearly 
to posterior end. Genital pore in front of ventral sucker, a little 
to right of median line; cirrus pouch extends back of ventral sucker, 
on the left side; seminal vesicle at base of cirrus pouch; testes rela- 
tively large, the first rounded and slightly lobed, the second some- 
what rhomboidal; ovary in front of first testis, short pestle-shaped, 
the posterior end 3-lobed; seminal receptacle on right side of ovary; 
shell gland in front of ovary; uterus between shell gland and ventral 
sucker; no ova in uterus; one ovum noted in shell gland, about 0.024 
by 0.015 mm., probably not to be regarded as a fully formed egg; 
vitellaria extend from about the level of the posterior edge of the 
ventral sucker to the posterior end, interrupted at level of testes, but 
follicles lying between the testes and between the first testis and 
ovary. 


TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 75 


Measurements in balsam: Length, 1.56 mm.; breadth, anterior, 0.09 
mm.; at level of ventral sucker, 0.4 mm., at level of ovary, 0.21 mm., 
at level of second testis, 0.17 mm., near posterior end, 0.11 mm.; oral 
sucker, length, 0.07 mm., breadth, 0.08 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.05 
mm., breadth, 0.04 mm.; ventral sucker, length, 0.14 mm., breadth, 
0.15 mm.; first testis, length, 0.15 mm., breadth, 0.12 mm.; second 
testis, length, 0.17 mm., breadth, 0.14 mm.; ventral sucker to ovary, 
0.24 mm.; second testis to posterior end, 0.26 mm. 

Host.—Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tschawytscha). 

One (U.S.N.M. No. 8246), found on slide with specimens of 
Genarches infirmus, from young salmon, Sacramento Basin, Calif., 


May 1900. 
Genus CYMBEPHALLUS Linton, 1934 


The genus Cymbephallus differs from Podocotyle in having a 
muscular sucker at the opening of the ejaculatory duct and a raised 
border surrounding the ventral sucker, this border being more or less 
scalloped, papillate, or fimbriate. 


CYMBEPHALLUS VITELLOSUS (Linton) 


PLATE 2, F1guRES 18-20 


Distomum vitellosum Linton, Bull. U. 8. Fish Comm. for 1899, p. 290, figs. 38, 
39, 1900 ; ibid., p. 416 (page references to hosts in Woods Hole, Mass., region), 
figs. 333-340, 1901; Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., vol. 24, p. 385 (page references 
to hosts in Beaufort, N. C., region), figs. 176-178, 1905; Proc. U. S. Nat. 
Mus., vol. 33, p. 105, figs. 68, 64 (notes on parasites of Bermuda fishes), 
1907.—SUMNER, OSBURN, and Cotr, Bull. Bur. Fish., vol. 31, pt. 2, p. 584 (list 
of hosts in Woods Hole region), 1911. 

Cymbephallus vitellosus (LINTON), Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 24, p. 81, 
1954. 

Body smooth, of various shapes, often in living specimens with 
breadth one-third the length; under pressure, or when placed in 
fresh water, they tend to become turgid and may elongate until the 
length is six or more times the breadth; frequently tapering to a 
blunt point posteriorly; neck tapering, short-conical, often reflected 
dorsally in turgid specimens. Ventral sucker larger than oral, 
average ratio about 8:5, surrounded by a raised border, which may 
appear to be sinuous, or may be seen to bear four or five lobes on 
the posterior border and about four on the anterior border, often 
inconspicuous in mounted material. In turgid specimens the ventral 
sucker may be more or less prominent, or even pedicellate. Pharynx 
usually a little longer than broad, and a little less than the oral sucker, 
average ratio about 4:5. Prepharynx very short or none; esophagus 
as long as or longer than pharynx. ‘The intestines reach nearly to the 
posterior end, usually hidden by the dense vitellaria. Genital pores 


76 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 88 


in front of ventral sucker, to the left of the midline, the male aperture 
surrounded by a strong, muscular, suckerlike structure. The ejacula- 
tory duct passes dorsal to the ventral sucker, and the seminal vesicle 
may extend for one-third or more of the distance between the ventral 
sucker and ovary. Testes, two, one following the other, and touch- 
ing, or separated by a short interval filled with follicles of the 
vitellaria, usually rounded, circular or oval, or occasionally sub- 
triangular in outline. Ovary at or near anterior border of first 
testis, not lobed, circular to elliptical in outline. Vitelline reservoir 
and shell gland in front of ovary; seminal receptacle not seen, prob- 
ably represented by early folds of uterus. Uterus between ovary and 
ventral sucker; the metraterm lies beside the ejaculatory duct, dorsal 
to the ventral sucker, and opens at the anterior border of the genital 
sucker in which the ejaculatory duct opens. Vitellaria diffuse and 
continuous from the posterior end to the posterior border of the 
ventral sucker, or near it. The excretory vessel extends from the 
posterior end to the ovary; ova about 0.05 by 0.03 mm. The average 
dimensions of 24 ova, of distomes from 16 species of fishes, mostly 
balsam mounts, were 0.053 by 0.029 mm.; maximum 0.063 by 0.033 
mm., minimum 0.045 by 0.027 mm. Twenty-one of these distomes, 
mounted in balsam, from 13 species of fishes, had an average length 
of 1.88 mm., and an average breadth of 0.37 mm.; maximum length, 
3.38 mm., minimum, 0.94 mm. A living specimen slightly com- 
pressed, measured 1.57 mm. in length and 0.85 mm. in breadth; 
another, turgid, length, 2.1 mm., breadth, 0.35 mm. 

Hosts—Common shad (Alosa sapidissima), sand launce (Am- 
modytes americanus), common herring (Clupea harengus), sque- 
teague (Cynoscion regalis), mackerel scad (Decapterus macarellus), 
pinfish (Lagodon rhomboides), conger eel (Conger conger), rusty 
dab (Limanda ferruginea), spot (Leiostomus wanthurus), window- 
pane (Lophopsetia maculata), kingfish (Menticirrhus sasxatilis), sil- 
ver hake (Merluccius bilinearis), goatfish (Mullus auratus), toadfish 
(Opsanus tau), rudderfish (Palinurichthys perciformis), summer 
flounder (Paralichthys dentatus), four-spotted flounder (P. ob- 
longus), spotted codling (Urophycis regius), codling (U. tenuis), 
bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix), alewife (Pomolobus pseudoharen- 
gus), dollarfish (Poronotus triacanthus),common gurnard (Merulinus 
carolinus), winter flounder (Pseudoplewronectes americanus) , bonito 
(Sarda sarda), common mackerel (Scomber scombrus), common pipe- 
fish (Syrictes fuscus), puffer (Sphoeroides maculatus), southern 
porgy (Stenotomus chrysops), tautog (Tautoga onitis), cunner (7 au- 
togolabrus adspersus), round pampano (T'rachinotus falcatus), gog- 
gler (Trachurops crumenophthalma). 


TREMATODES FROM FISHES——-LINTON Ff 


Record of collections—From shad: One, collected July 18, 1910. 
Measurements, life: Length, 1.75 mm., breadth, 0.52 mm.; diameter of 
oral sucker, 0.14 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.18 mm., breadth, 0.09 mm. ; 
ventral sucker, length, 0.21 mm., breadth, 0.26 mm.; ova, 0.058 by 
0.034 mm. One, collected July 5, 1923, by Dr. G. A. MacCallum. 

From sand launce: Three, collected July 5, 1912; small, turgid, with 
prominent ventral suckers. Measurements, life, compressed: Length, 
2.1 mm., breadth, 0.35 mm.; diameter oral sucker, 0.14 mm., of phar- 
ynx, 0.14 mm., of central sucker, 0.22 mm.; ova, 0.045 by 0.027 mm. 

Recorded from common herring: Bull. U. 8. Fish Comm. for 1899, 
p. 437, 1901. 

Recorded from squeteague: Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, p. 
460, 1901. 

Recorded from mackerel scad: Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, 
p. 449, 1901. Nine (U.S.N.M. No. 8247), collected September and 
October, 1913; length, in balsam, 2.52 mm., breadth, 0.35 mm. 

From pinfish: One (U.S.N.M. No. 8248) collected June 4, 1914; 
length, 3.6 mm., breadth, 0.67, in formalin. 

Recorded from conger eel: Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, p. 436, 
1901. One, collected July 22, 1904; length, 2.5 mm., breadth, 0.65 
mm., in fresh water, turgid. 

Recorded from rusty dab: Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, p. 485, 
1901. Measurements in balsam: Length, 1.12 mm., breadth, 0.22 mm.; 
oral sucker, length, 0.11 mm., breadth, 0.1 mm.; Pharynx, length, 0.1 
mm., breadth, 0.09 mm.; ventral sucker, length, 0.18 mm., breadth, 
0.17 mm.; ova, 0.051 by 0.036 mm. 

From spot: Collected by Vinal N. Edwards on five dates in Sep- 
tember, nine in October, and two in November, 1912, 19138, and 1914; 
225 fishes were examined and 59 distomes found. The greatest num- 
ber secured on any date was ten, when 42 fishes were examined. 
Length, 2 to 3.5 mm. in formalin. Twenty-five or more distomes 
from this lot are mounted in balsam. Measurements of a typical 
form: Length, 2.14 mm., breadth, 0.42 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.18 
mm., breadth, 0.14 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.11 mm., breadth, 0.11 
mm.; ventral sucker, length, 0.19 mm., breadth, 0.21 mm.; ova, 0.051 
by 0.027 mm. (U.S.N.M. No. 8249). 

From windowpane: Four, collected July 27, 1904; small, turgid, 
with prominent ventral suckers. Numerous (U.S.N.M. No. 8250), 
collected August 8 and 11, 1905; small, about 0.9 mm. in length; very 
various shapes; some short and broad, some flattened, others cylin- 
drical; some with sessile, others with pedicelled ventral suckers; some 
with distinct papillate border surrounding the ventral sucker, in 
others papillae indistinct. Same variations in balsam mounts as 
noted in fresh material. Nine, collected July 18, 1923, found by Dr. 


78 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL, 88 


MacCallum on gills. They had evidently come from the stomach. 
Two, collected July 6, 1925, found adhering to an echinorhynchus, 
not noticed until after it had been in fresh water; turgid, with prom- 
inent ventral sucker and reflected neck. Measurements of distomes 
from this host agree with those from other hosts. Measurements of 
one in balsam: Length, 1.08 mm., breadth, 0.22 mm.; oral sucker, 
length, 0.08 mm., breadth, 0.1 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.08 mm., 
breadth, 0.07 mm.; ventral sucker, length, 0.2 mm., breadth, 0.15 mm.; 
ova, 0.051 by 0.083 mm. 

From kingfish: Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, p. 462, 1901. 
One (U.S.N.M. No. 8251), collected September 3, 1908. Measure- 
ments, balsam: Length, 1.86 mm.; breadth, 0.88 mm.; oral sucker, 
length, 0.12 mm., breadth, 0.12 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.11 mm., 
breadth, 0.08 mm.; ventral sucker, length, 0.18 mm., breadth, 0.18 
mm.; ova, 0.051 by 0.03 mm. Two, collected September 23, 1918; 
length, in balsam, 1.5 mm. 

From silver hake: Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, pp. 282, 290, 
figs. 88, 39, 1900, p. 474, fig. 335, 1901. Three, collected August 29, 
1903; small, one with ova. Three, collected August 15, 1907. Six 
(U.S.N.M. No. 8252), collected August 18, 1928; 1 to 1.75 mm. in 
length, in balsam. Two, collected August 16, 1928; length, 2 mm.; 
breadth, 0.46 mm., life. 

From goatfish: Five, collected September 2, 1908, from an 8-cm. 
fish, seined in Great Harbor; lengths, 1.19 to 1.4 mm. in balsam; 
papillary fringe around ventral sucker distinct. Six, collected Au- 
gust 24, 1918, from an 11-cm. fish. Lengths in balsam, 1.4 to 3.12 
mm. In one of the larger specimens it was noted that there was much 
variation in the size of the ova in the vicinity of the shell gland. 
Thus, while most of the ova in the specimen were of the usual size, 
a maximum of about 0.054 by 0.042 mm., the following variants 
were noted: 0.048 by 0.033; 0.045 by 0.033; 0.039 by 0.034; 0.083 by 
0.024; 0.03 by 0.021; 0.033 by 0.018; 0.021 by 0.009 mm. Two 
(U.S.N.M. No. 8253), collected September 4, 1918, from a 12-cm. fish: 
slender; one, length, 2.59 mm., breadth, 0.4 mm.; the other, length, 4.41 
mm., breadth, 0.86 mm.; ova, 0.048 by 0.027 mm. 

From toadfish: One, collected September 9, 1913. 

From rudderfish: One (U.S.N.M. No. 8254), collected August 19, 
1929; measurements in balsam, lateral view: Length, 2.38 mm., 
breadth, 0.42 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.17 mm., breadth, 0.17 mm.; 
pharynx, length, 0.14 mm., breadth, 0.15 mm.; ventral sucker, length, 
0.27 mm., breadth, 0.24 mm.; ova, 0.51 by 0.57 mm. 

From summer flounder: Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, p. 482, 
fig. 336, 1901. One, collected October 19, 1903. One, collected 
August 9, 1904; taper-pointed posteriorly, length, 1.45 mm. One, 


TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 79 


collected August 15, 1906; measurements, life: Length, 1.54 mm.; 
breadth 0.63 mm.; diameter oral sucker, 0.15 mm., of pharynx, 0.15 
mm., of ventral sucker, 0.27 mm.; ova, 0.037 by 0.023 mm. Short 
papillae were noted behind the posterior edge of the ventral sucker. 

From four-spotted flounder: One, collected August 4, 1905. 

From spotted codling: Seven, collected October 19, 1908; 1.5 to 
3.5 mm. in formalin. Eleven, collected October 23, 1913. Ten 
(U.S.N.M. No. 8255), collected November 12, 1915. Dimensions in 
balsam: Length 1.26 mm., breadth 0.82 mm.; oral sucker, length 0.09 
min., breadth 0.1 mm.; pharynx, length 0.08 mm., breadth 0.08 mm.; 
ventral sucker, length 0.15 mm., breadth 0.16 mm.; ova 0.54 by 
0.27 mm. 

From codling: Six, collected August 4, 1911; 8 fishes examined. 
Dimensions in balsam: Length 1.93 mm., breadth 0.56 mm.; oral 
sucker, length 0.11 mm., breadth 0.1 mm.; pharynx, length 0.1 mm., 
breadth 0.08 mm.; ventral sucker, length 0.21 mm., breadth 0.18 
mm.; ova 0.048 by 0.027 mm. One (U.S.N.M. No. 8256), collected 
November 3, 1913; length in formalin 2.25 mm.; 4 fishes examined. 
One, collected July 30, 1929; length in balsam 1.68 mm.; 3 fishes 
(15-20 cm.) examined. 

From bluefish: Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, p. 451, figs. 
337-339, 1901. A few, collected July 15, 1904. One, collected Au- 
gust 11, 1904, from intestine. One (U.S.N.M. No. 8257), collected 
July 1, 1910. Dimensions in balsam, lateral view: Length 3.38 
mm., breadth 0.56 mm.; oral sucker, length 0.2 mm., breadth 0.15 
mm.; pharynx, length 0.17 mm., breadth 0.12 mm.; ventral sucker, 
length 0.29 mm., breadth 0.81 mm.; ova 0.048 by 0.024 mm.; ventral 
sucker pedicillate, with 5 digitate lobes at its posterior border; ovary 
ellipitical; testes triangular in outline. One, collected August 27, 
1910. A few, collected July 17, 1911; one of these in balsam shows 
distinct lobes on anterior border of ventral sucker and less distinct 
lobes on posterior border. In specimens flattened, and viewed either 
from the dorsal or the ventral side, these lobes are difficult to dis- 
tinguish. 

From alewife: Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, p. 439, 1901. One, 
collected July 26, 1910; length, 1.6 mm.; breadth, 0.53 mm., life, 
compressed. One, collected August 17, 1910; length, 1.85 mm. 
Eleven, collected October 19, 1914. In one specimen, mounted in 
balsam, lateral view, blunt papillae around the ventral sucker are 
plainly shown; in the others, ventral view, they are not visible. 
Measurements in balsam: Length, 1.46 mm., breadth, 0.43 mm.; oral 
sucker, length, 0.11 mm., breadth, 0.10 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.08 
mm., breadth, 0.08 mm.; ventral sucker, length, 0.18 mm., breadth, 
0.14 mm.; length of esophagus, 0.11 mm.; ova, 0.051 by 0.027 mm. 


80 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL, 88 


From dollarfish: 20 (U.S.N.M. No. 8258), collected July 18, 1923; 
small, slender distomes, tapering anteriorly and posteriorly, with 
four short papillae on both anterior and posterior borders of the 
ventral sucker; length, free in sea water, 1.5 mm.; diameter, lateral 
view, maximum, 0.11 mm., near posterior end, 0.07 mm.; diameter of 
oral sucker, 0.09 mm., of ventral sucker, 0.15 mm.; ova, 0.042 by 0.024 
mm. The testes vary from subtriangular to oval-elliptical in outline. 

Measurements in balsam (lateral view) : Length, 1.54 mm., breadth, 
0.18 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.11 mm., breadth, 0.08 mm.; pharynx, 
length, 0.1 mm., breadth, 0.06; ventral sucker, length, 0.17 mm., 
breadth, 0.18 mm.; ova, 0.048 by 0.024 mm. 


TABLE 18.—Measurements of the testes in five specimens of 
Cymbephallus vitellosus 


1 2 3 4 5 
TEN SS a 
Length] Breadth | Length] Breadth | Length} Breadth | Length} Breadth | Length] Breadth 
Mm. Mm. Mm. Mm. Min. Mm. Mm. Mm. Mm. Min. 
Eins tae 0. 08 0. 08 0. 07 0.13 0. 10 0.13 0.14 0.07 0. 14 0.11 
Second __- .13 . 08 . 08 .13 213 .10 ala .07 15 -13 


From common gurnard: One (U.S.N.M. No. 8259), collected 
August 28, 1907. Measurements in balsam: Length, 1.54 mm., 
breadth, 0.31 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.18 mm., breadth, 0.11 mm.; 
pharynx, length, 0.11 mm., breadth, 0.08 mm.; ventral sucker, length, 
0.21 mm., breadth, 0.18 mm.; ova, 0.05 by 0.03; length of esophagus, 
0.18 mm. About four short papillae on anterior border of ventral 
sucker. 

From winter flounder: Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, p. 486, 
fie. 840, 1901. 

From bonito: Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, p. 446, 1901. One, 
collected July 25, 1904. 

From common mackerel: Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, p. 445, 
1901. Two, collected July 20, 1918; from stomach of a mackerel 
about 25 cm. in length. Slender, tapering from level of testes to each 
end; esophagus a little longer than pharynx; characteristic lobes 
around ventral sucker well shown in one. Measurements in balsam: 
Length, 1.54 mm.; breadth, 0.4 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.13 mm., 
breadth, 0.18 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.11 mm., breadth, 0.1 mm.; ven- 
tral sucker, length, 0.24 mm., breadth, 0.24 mm.; ova, 0.051 by 0.03. 

Certain small distomes, most of them less than 1 mm. in length, 
but containing ova, from young mackerel, 18 to 27 mm. in length, 
collected in July and August, 1918, 1919, and agreeing closely with 
this species, are here recorded. Measurements in balsam: Length, 
1.34 mm., breadth, 0.46 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.14 mm., breadth, 


TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON Sl 


0.17 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.12 mm., breadth, 0.11 mm.; ventral 
sucker, length, 0.18 mm., breadth, 0.22 mm.; ova, 0.045 by 0.024 mm. 

From common pipefish: Ten, collected July 29, 1913; three fish 
examined; collected by Dr. G. A. MacCallum. One (U.S.N.M. No. 
8260), collected June 13, 1914. Measurements in balsam: Length, 
2.10 mm., breadth, 0.88 mm.; diameter oral sucker, 0.18 mm., of ven- 
tral sucker, 0.25 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.13 mm., breadth, 0.10 mm.; 
ova, 0.054 by 0.027 mm. Posterior end bluntly rounded; the seminal 
vesicle extends nearly half-way from ventral sucker to ovary. 

From puffer: Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, p. 464, 1901. One, 
collected August 16, 1906. Length in balsam, 1.4 mm.; breadth, 0.49 
mm. Three small distomes (U.S.N.M. No. 8261), collected August 
21, 1918, from a 20 mm. fish. Length, life, 0.70 mm. (Fig. 20). Meas- 
urements in balsam: Length, 0.52 mm.; breadth, 0.31 mm.; oral 
sucker, length, 0.08 mm., breadth, 0.11 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.09 
mm., breadth, 0.09 mm.; ventral sucker, length, 0.17 mm., breadth, 0.18 
mim.; ova, 0.042 by 0.0221 mm. Resemble small distomes from mack- 
erel; elliptical, strongly contracted; anatomy much obscured by vitel- 
laria, which extend from posterior end to middle of ventral sucker; 
muscular genital pore at left of pharynx. These distomes resemble 
Distomum sp., from Opsanus taw (Bull. U. 8S. Fish Comm. for 1899, 
p. 469, fig. 328, 1901). 

From southern porgy: Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, p. 458, 
figs. 333, 334, 1901. One, collected August 1, 1904. One, collected 
August 22, 1910. Ventral sucker prominent, with characteristic 
undulate or papillate border; genital sucker seen distinctly, with 
metraterm opening in front of it. 

From tautog: One, collected August 12, 1904; under slight pres- 
sure, length, 1 mm.; breadth, 0.45 mm.; after killing over flame, under 
pressure, length, 1.54 mm., breadth, 0.41 mm. 

A few, collected August 15, 1908; three mounted in balsam. These 
taper to a blunt point posteriorly. Measurements, lateral view: 
Length, 1.26 mm., breadth, 0.20 mm.; diameter of oral sucker, 0.10 
mm.; pharynx, length, 0.08 mm., breadth, 0.05 mm.; ventral sucker, 
length, 0.16 mm., breadth, 0.15 mm.; ova, 0.051 by 0.030 mm. Nine, 
collected July 5, 1910; variety of shapes. It was noted that two of 
these distomes differed from the others in having subtriangular testes, 
the juxtaposed edges of which were diagonal instead of horizontal. 
The posttesticular region of one was short and bluntly rounded, the 
other tapered to a blunt point. Length of one, 1.26 mm.; breadth, 
0.49 mm.; the other, length, 1.05 mm., breadth, 0.31 mm. The others 
in this lot measured from 1.12 to 2.66 mm. in length. Two, collected 
August 2, 1911; before flattening one of these was elongated and fili- 

155599406 


82 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 88 


form, the other rather slender and pointed posteriorly, each with 
characteristic ventral sucker. Seventeen (U.S.N.M. No. 8262), col- 
lected October 23, 1913; length, 1.5 mm., to 2.75 mm. in formalin. 
One, collected May 4, 1914; length, 3 mm. Fifteen, collected October 
10, 1916; longest about 2.5 mm. in formalin. 


Tape 19.—Measurements of three distomes of Cymbephallus vitellosus from 
the tautog, showing diversity of proportions 


Measurement 1 2 3 
Mm. Mim. Mm. 
(pa Vig AD te elec as A Go te ee haste) pe ate cyt ea 0. 87 1.15 2. 87 
Dismoetenat anterior end? - 2: ee ee ee eee .07 sit .18 
Diameter stun GG) os sees ee ae ee ee ene aye 43 - 56 
Diameter near POStenOL ONG sansa nee eee ee eee eae - 08 34 .30 


From cunner: Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, p. 462, 1901. Three, 
collected August 15, 1905, small. One, collected August 22, 1905, 
length, 1.23 mm. in balsam. Seven (U.S.N.M. No. 8263), collected 
July 17, 1919; length, 1.5 mm. to 2.8 mm. in balsam. The vitellaria 
in the distomes of this lot are less dense than usual for this species, 
and the intestines could be traced to the posterior end. The metra- 
term could be seen opening in front of the genital sucker. Measure- 
ments in balsam: Length, 2.80 mm., breadth, 0.52 mm.; oral sucker, 
length, 0.16 mm., breadth, 0.15 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.15 mm., 
breadth, 0.12 mm.; ventral sucker, length, 0.28 mm., breadth, 0.25 
mm.; ova, 0.048 by 0.027 mm. 

From round pampano: Three (U.S.N.M. No. 8264), collected Sep- 
tember 2, 1903, from a 20-mm. fish. Small, less than 1 mm. in length, 
strongly contracted; average length, 0.92 mm., breadth, 0.44 mm. ; 
vitellaria to middle of ventral sucker; prominent border around ven- 
tral sucker. Measurements in balsam: Length, 0.91 mm., breadth, 
0.50 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.13 mm., breadth, 0.15 mm.; pharynx, 
length, 0.12 mm., breadth, 0.15 mm.; ventral sucker, length, 0.17 mm., 
breadth, 0.24 mm.; ova, 0.048 by 0.030 mm. 

From goggler: Five (U.S.N.M. No. 8265), collected August 29, 
1913; length, 3.88 mm., breadth, 0.30 mm., life. Measurements in 
balsam: Length, 2.66 mm., breadth, 0.42 mm.; diameter oral sucker, 
0.15 mm., of pharynx, 0.10 mm., of ventral sucker, 0.18 mm.; ova, 0.054 
by 0.027 mm. One, collected September 17, 1914; length, 2.17 mm. in 
formalin. Metraterm seen opening about on level of posterior end 
of pharynx and in front of the genital sucker; seminal vesicle to 
about one third the distance from ventral sucker to ovary; papillae 
around ventral sucker. 


TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 83 


CYMBEPHALLUS FIMBRIATUS Linton 
PLATE 2, FIGURES 13-17 


Distomum vitellosum Linton, Bull. U. 8. Fish Comm. for 1899, p. 426, 1901; 
Bull. Bur. Fisheries, vol. 24, pp. 388, 390, figs. 176-178, 1905. 

Cymbephallus fimbriatus Linton, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 24, p. 82, 
1934. 

Body elongate, not varying much in diameter; neck short, more 
or less conical; ventral sucker larger than oral, prominent, some- 
times pedicelled, surrounded by a raised border, with many short 
papillae; pharynx longer than broad; esophagus longer than phar- 
ynx; intestines extend to posterior end; genital pore in front of ven- 
tral sucker, to left of median line, the opening of the ejaculatory 
duct a muscular genital sucker; opening of metraterm, with 
sphincter, on a blunt papilla at anterior border of genital sucker; 
seminal vesicle elongate, curved, extending to from one third to 
more than one half the distance between the ventral sucker and 
the ovary; testes two, one following the other, with but a short in- 
terval between, in some cases lobed. Ovary at or near interior 
border of first testis, usually not lobed, although a tendency toward 
a lobed condition was observed in a few cases; shell-gland at an- 
terior border of ovary. No seminal receptacle seen; in one speci- 
men sperm was seen in front of the shell gland, where it appeared 
to be lying in the early folds of the uterus. Vitelline reservoir at 
the dorsal, anterior border of the ovary; vitellaria diffuse, filling the 
body back of the testes, and along the margins, not usually inter- 
rupted opposite the testes, and extending to a point about half-way 
between the ovary and ventral sucker; uterus between ovary and 
ventral sucker; ova about 0.06 by 0.03, in balsam. 


TABLE 20.—Measurements of five specimens of Cymbephallus fimbriatus 


in balsam 
Measurement 1 2 3 4 5 
Mm Mm. | Mm Mm Mm. 
Bengthe ar acs shite ati, ye cee Sie Ua A ae eene! wrk se he De 3. 78 3.92 4.34 4. 62 3.70 
Maximurmibread thipe oct) ie suis aa ew ee Baal ee De | . 53 67 49 56 . 56 
Oralisucker}Nength vt 55a) Ae) ST 20 . 26 -17 . 26 -19 
Oralisnckersbreadthiy ioe 2.2 4s Le Ete a Se 25 .22 .14 sre 15 
IPRanyn xX; long thes eee ee St eae kaa 2 ebay oe Cae .14 -15 13 ~15 .14 
Pharynx breadth 402. 5) ILO G 00) Pi es ee .07 . 08 . 08 . 09 -07 
Wentral sucker lengthssars 24a ste) bo A CN, oi 28 32 e21 35 28 
‘Vientral'sucker, bread. tim yi aetiegs ya ee Bah) es a 28 32 . 28 35 28 


Ova, 0.06 by 0.03. 


This species differs from C. vitellosus in its larger size, and in 
having longer and more numerous papillae around the ventral sucker, 
in the more or less lobed testes, and the larger ova, and in the rela- 
tively longer seminal vesicle. Also, while C. vitellosus in many 


84. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88 


instances tends to taper from the middle toward the posterior end, 
C. fimbriatus as a rule maintains a uniform breadth back of the 
ventral sucker and is bluntly rounded at the posterior end. There 
are, however, many contraction shapes in both species, so that it is 
difficult to fit descriptions to them. 

The ova are rather thin-shelled, and are much collapsed in all the 
balsam mounts. In six distomes, averaging 3.49 mm. in length, the 
average distance of the posterior end of the seminal vesicle from 
the ventral sucker was 0.78 mm. and from the ovary 0.074 mm. 

Host—Kingfish (Menticirrhus sawxatilis). 

Record of collections—One (U.S.N.M. No. 8266), collected Sep- 
tember 11, 1907. Measurements, life: Length, 1.28 mm.; breadth, 
0.60 mm.; diameter of oral sucker, 0.12 mm., of pharynx, 0.07 mm., 
of ventral sucker, 0.028 mm.; ova, 0.061 by 0.034 mm. 

One, collected September 8, 1909; length, 4 mm. 

Three, collected June 29, 1910; one, collected July 7, 1910; seven, 
collected July 27, 1910. When first examined these distomes had 
been lying in sea water for several hours. They were, with one 
exception, turgid, longest 7 mm. One, still active, was yellowish 
green by transmitted light, crossed by fine, transverse wrinkles; 
length, 1.9 mm., breadth, 0.70 mm. After flattening under cover- 
glass, length, 3.7 mm.; breadth, 0.84 mm. 

Two, collected August 10, 1910. One, collected October 31, 1912; 
turgid, neck reflected at right angles to body; length, 3.5 mm. in 
formalin. Two, collected September 23, 1914; length, 2.5 mm. and 
3mm. Three, collected July 21, 1926, macerated. 


Genus LEPOCREADIUM Stossich, 1906 
LEPOCREADIUM PYRIFORME (Linton) 
Piate 5, Ficures 47-49 


Distomum pyriforme Linton, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, pp. 292, 293, 
figs. 52-59, 1900 (from Pelinurichthys perciformis) ; ibid., pp. 4538, 458, fig. 
346 (Distomum sp.), 1901. 

To this species are referred certain small distomes which, although 
differing in many details of structure, resemble each other sufficiently 
to warrant their inclusion in the same specific grouping when allow- 
ance is made for such differences as may be accounted for by varying 
conditions of contraction and age. In general they are small, spinose 
distomes, with suckers about the same size, pharynx small, pre- 
pharynx and esophagus present; genital pore in front of ventral 
sucker to left of median line; prostate and first seminal vesicle en- 
closed in cirrus pouch; a second seminal vesicle connected with the 
cirrus pouch by a short vas deferens, often masked by the ova; 
testes, one following the other; ovary in front of first testis, not 


TREMATODES FROM FISHES—-LINTON 85 


lobed. The diffuse vitellaria extend to, and often in front of the 
ventral sucker. 

Hosts—Sand launce (Ammodytes americanus), squeteague 
(Cynoscion regalis), kingfish (Menticitrrhus sawxatilis), rudderfish 
(Palinurichthys perciformis), harvestfish (Peprilus paru), bluefish 
(Pomatomus saltatrix), dollarfish (Poronotus triacanthus), southern 
porgy (Stenotomus chrysops), cutlassfish (Trichiurus lepturus). 

Record of collections——From sand launce: Two, collected July 5, 
1912. Measurements in balsam: Length, 0.91 mm., breadth, 0.29 
mm.; diameter of oral sucker, 0.07 mm., of pharynx, 0.04 mm., of 
ventral sucker, 0.05 mm.; length of prepharynx, 0.02 mm., of esoph- 
agus, 0.03 mm.; ova, 0.060 by 0.036 mm. In one of these the oral 
sucker was retracted. Metraterm with relatively thick walls; gen- 
ital pore at anterior border of ventral sucker nearly median; glob- 
ular concentric bodies in excretory vessels; vitellaria from posterior 
end along margins to a level halfway between ventral sucker and 
pharynx. Two (U.S.N.M. No. 8267), collected November 1, 1913. 
Thirty fishes examined. Length in balsam, 2.24 mm.; breadth, 0.66 
mm. Seven, collected October 20, 1914. One hundred fishes 
examined. 

From squeteague: Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, p. 460, 1901. 

From kingfish: Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, p. 462, 1901. 

From rudderfish: Distomes from this host were first described 
under the name Distomum pyriforme, see above. Fifteen, collected 
August 18, 1903; three fishes examined; largest specimens, life, 
length 1.12 mm., smallest 0.24 mm. Forty (U.S.N.M. No. 8268), 
collected August 7, 1928. Small, densely and finely spinose, spines, 
more or less evanescent. Ovate to elliptical-oblong; suckers nearly 
equal; prepharynx and esophagus each as long or longer than 
pharynx; intestines reach nearly to posterior end; genital pore in 
front of ventral sucker, a little to left of median line; cirrus-bulb 
dorsal to ventral sucker, its posterior end, enclosing a seminal vesicle, 
extending back of the ventral sucker; behind the cirrus pouch a 
second seminal vesicle connected with it by a short vas deferens; 
testes two, one following the other with little or no interval between, 
in posterior third of body; ovary in front of first testis, a little to the 
right of the median line, not lobed; uterus in front of ovary, ova 
few and relatively large; metraterm on left side of cirrus bulb; 
vitellaria from posterior end to, and in some cases in front of, ven- 
tral sucker; shell gland on left of ovary; yolk reservoir along 
anterior border of first testis; seminal receptacle between first testis 
and ovary, dorsal to yolk reservoir. Measurements in balsam: 
Length, 0.84 mm.; breadth, 0.22 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.42 mm., 
breadth, 0.59 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.86 mm., breadth, 0.39 mm.; 


86 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88 


ventral sucker, length, 0.57 mm., breadth, 0.57 mm.; length of pre- 
pharynx, 0.45 mm., of esophagus, 0.51 mm.; ova, 0.054 by 0.030 mm. 

From bluefish: Distomum sp., Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, p. 
451, figs. 341-344, 1901. 

From dollarfish: Small, spinose distomes from the dollarfish, agree- 
ing in most particulars with this species are here recorded. See also 
Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, pp. 454, 455, fig. 353, 1901. One, col- 
lected August 13, 1904; length, life, 1.28 mm., breadth, 0.28 mm.; pre- 
pharynx and esophagus but little longer than pharynx; concentric 
bodies in excretory vessels, 0.02 mm. in diameter. One, collected 
July 2, 1907. Measurements in balsam: Length, 0.96 mm.; breadth, 
0.31 mm.; diameter of oral sucker, 0.06 mm., of pharynx, 0.04 mm., of 
ventral sucker, 0.06 mm.; ova, 0.054 by 0.027 mm. Concentric bodies 
in excretory vessels of living worm; prepharynx and esophagus short. 

An immature distome, found in a mass of appendicularia in the 
stomach of this dollarfish, probably belongs here. It was minutely 
spinose and very changeable in shape. Measurements, life: Length, 
0.18 mm.; maximum breadth at about the posterior third, 0.18 mm.; 
diameter of oral sucker, 0.04 mm., of ventral sucker, 0.03 mm., of con- 
centric bodies in excretory vessels, 0.01 mm. 

Forty-two, collected August 30, 1917, from a 72-mm. dollarfish. 
Two in life measured, the one 0.7 mm. in length and 0.45 mm. in 
breadth, the other 0.35 mm. in length and 0.18 mm. in breadth. Meas- 
urements in balsam: Length, 0.60 mm., breadth, 0.21 mm.; diameter 
of oral sucker, 0.05 mm., of ventral sucker, 0.05 mm.; pharynx, length, 
0.04 mm., breadth, 0.03 mm.; ova, 0.051 by 0.033 mm. 

Five, collected July 8, 1918, from an 85-mm. dollarfish. 

One, collected July 25, 1918, from a 12-mm. dollarfish. The pre- 
pharynx and esophagus are short; in other respects it is in close 
agreement with distomes from the rudderfish. 

Two, collected August 21, 1918, from a 12-mm. dollarfish. The pre- 
pharynx and esophagus are short; in other respects it is in close agree- 
ment with distomes from the rudderfish. 

Two, collected August 21, 1918, from a 125-mm. dollarfish. On ac- 
count of the retraction of the oral sucker no prepharynx could be seen, 
but there was a distinct esophagus. A second seminal vesicle could 
be made out. 

From bonito: One (U.S.N.M. No. 8270), collected August 11, 1906. 
Measurements in balsam: Length, 1.22 mm.; breadth, 0.44 mm.; oral 
sucker, length, 0.75 mm., breadth, 0.57 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.05 mm., 
breadth, 0.06 mm.; diameter of ventral sucker, 0.75 mm.; ova, 0.056 by 
0.027 mm. Prepharynx short, esophagus about as long as pharynx. 
The vitellaria extend in front of the ventral sucker. This distome is 
in close agreement with those from the rudderfish. 


TREMATODES FROM FISHES—-LINTON 87 


From southern porgy: Distomum sp., Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 
1899, p. 296, fig. 72; p. 458, fig. 376, 1901. One, collected August 19, 
1903. Measurements in balsam: Length, 0.65 mm.; breadth, 0.31 mm.; 
diameter of oral sucker, 0.07 mm., of ventral sucker, 0.07 mm.; 
pharynx, length, 0.05 mm., breadth, 0.04 mm.; ova, 0.068 by 0.032 mm. 
This distome agrees with the foregoing closely, but the esophagus is 
very short, and no prepharynx could be seen. ‘The neck was strongly 
contracted. 

Ten (U.S.N.M. No. 8271) collected August 24, 1910; six porgies 
examined. One, active in sea water, varied in length from 0.42 to 
0.84 mm. An average of six gave the diameter of the oral sucker, 
0.065, ventral sucker, 0.059 mm. In a lot of ten, mounted in balsam, 
there were noted cases with distinct prepharynx, and very short, or no 
esophagus; others with very short, or no prepharynx and distinct 
esophagus; others with both prepharynx and esophagus distinct. 
The vitellaria extend to level of posterior end of pharynx. In details 
of the anatomy these distomes are in close agreement with those from 
the rudderfish. 

From cutlassfish: Thirty (U.S.N.M. No. 8272), collected June 18, 
1913, from one fish. Length of longest, in formalin, 2.15 mm.; 
breadth, 0.6 mm. Eleven mounted in balsam vary from length, 0.6 
mm. and breadth, 0.27 mm., to length, 1.26 mm., and breadth, 0.4 mm. 
Measurements of one of largest in balsam: Length, 1.20 mm., breadth, 
0.42 mm.; diameter of oral sucker, 0.075 mm., of pharynx, 0.033 mm., 
of ventral sucker, 0.072 mm.; length of prepharynx, 0.015 mm., of 
esophagus, 0.18 mm.; ova, collapsed, about 0.06 by 0.024 mm. 

The prepharynx is shorter than the pharynx and the esophagus 
varies from less than the length of the pharynx to twice its length or 
more. The vitellaria in all cases extend as far forward as the level 
of the ventral sucker. A second seminal vesicle was distinguished in 
one. So far as can be made out the anatomy of these distomes agrees 
closely with those from the rudderfish. 


LEPOCREADIUM RETRUSUM, new species 
PLATE 6, FicurEs 50-52 


Body spinose, of nearly same breadth throughout, tapering slightly 
to anterior end, which is bluntly rounded; posterior end broadly 
rounded ; oral sucker more or less retracted in all cases seen, smaller 
than ventral sucker; pharynx small, prepharynx longer than pharynx; 
esophagus about as long as pharynx; genital pore in front of ventral 
sucker, a little to left of median line; cirrus pouch large, extending 
back of ventral sucker and enclosing prostatic cells and a seminal 
vesicle; a second seminal vesicle connected with the cirrus bulb by a 


88 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88 


short vas deferens, as in other species of this genus; testes two, one 
following the other, nearly contiguous, at about the posterior fourth 
of the length; ovary lobed, in front of first testis, a little to right of 
median line; seminal receptacle between ovary and first testis; uterus 
in front of ovary; metraterm thick-walled, on left side of cirrus 
pouch; vitellaria diffuse, from posterior end nearly to ventral sucker. 

Type specimens.—Holotype, U.S.N.M. No. 8278; paratypes, No. 
8274. 

Host.—Chub mackerel (Pneumatophorus grex). 

Record of collections—One (U.S.N.M. No. 8278), collected July 
31, 1928. Measurements in balsam: Length, 2.38 mm., breadth, 0.59 
mm.; diameter of oral sucker, about 0.08 mm., of pharynx, 0.06 mm., 
of ventral sucker, 0.15 mm.; length of prepharynx, 0.17 mm., of esoph- 
agus, 0.06 mm.; ova, 0.06 by 0.03 mm. 

Four (U.S.N.M. No. 8274), collected August 29, 1928. Measure- 
ments in balsam: Length, 1.12 mm., breadth, 0.35 mm.; diameter of 
oral sucker, about 0.09 mm., of pharynx, 0.03 mm., of ventral sucker, 
0.12 mm.; ova, 0.054 by 0.030 mm. 


LEPOCREADIUM TRULLAFORME, new species 
PLATE 6, Fiaures 53-56 


Distomum areolatum Rudolphi, Linton, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, pp. 
279, 2938, 294, figs. 60-63, 1900; ibid., pp. 456, 462, 486, 487, fig. 351, 1901. 
Small distomes, more or less oval in outline, densely spinose ante- 
riorly; oral and ventral suckers about equal; prepharynx and esoph- 
agus present, but, so far as observed, not exceeding the pharynx 
in length; intestines extend nearly to posterior end; genital pore in 
front of ventral sucker a little to left of median line; cirrus pouch 
extending back of ventral sucker, enclosing the prostate and a 
seminal vesicle, followed by a second seminal vesicle; testes two, near 
together, at about posterior third, obliquely placed. Ovary, in some 
cases slightly lobed, to right of median line in front of second testis; 
seminal receptacle in front of first testis and on the left of the ovary; 
uterus between testes and ventral sucker, ova few and large; metra- 
term to left of cirrus pouch; vitellaria diffuse, extending in front of 
ventral sucker. 
Type specimens.—U. S. N. M. No. 8276 (holotype and paratypes). 
Hosts—American sole (Achirus fasciatus), long-spined sculpin 
(Acanthocottus octodecimspinosus) , kingfish (Menticirrhus saxatilis) , 
white perch (Morone americana), winter flounder (Pseudopleuro- 
nectes americanus), cunner (Tautogolabrus adspersus). 
Record of collections —Distomum sp., Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 
1899, p. 487, fig. 351, 1901. Two (U.S.N.M. No. 8275) from Ameri- 
can sole, collected October 14, 1915. While the anatomy is rather 


TREMATODES FROM FISHES-——LINTON 85 


indistinctly shown in the balsam material, so far as it can be made 
out it is in close agreement with distomes from Morone americana. 
The prepharynx is short, the esophagus about as long as the pharynx; 
genital pore in front of ventral sucker and a little to the left of the 
median line; cirrus smooth; testes obliquely placed. Ovary circular 
in outline; ova two in each, large; vitellaria extend forward to level 
of pharynx. Measurements of larger specimen in balsam: Length, 
0.87 mim., breadth, 0.89 mm.; diameter of oral sucker, 0.1 mm., of 
pharynx, 0.045 mm., of ventral sucker, 0.06 mm.; ova, 0.096 by 
0.066 mm. 

From long-spined sculpin: Five, collected December 22, 1906. ‘Two, 
collected May 12, 1913; 20 fishes examined. Fourteen, collected April 
20, 1914; 2 fishes examined. Four (U.S.N.M. No. 8276), collected 
April 26, 1915; 12 fishes examined. 

The anatomy of these distomes is imperfectly shown mainly on 
account of the diffuse vitellaria which mask the other genitalia; so 
far as the anatomy can be made out it is in agreement with that of 
the distomes from MW. americana. They differ in their consistent 
fusiform shape. The neck was much contracted so that the pharynx 
and adjacent structures were much obscured. In one a prepharynx 
could be seen which was about equal in length to the pharynx. Testes 
oblique; ovary in front of testes to right of median line. A seminal 
receptacle was noted in front of the first testis to the left of the 
ovary; ova few, large, posterior and dorsal to ventral sucker; vitelline 
follicles coarse, extending in front of ventral sucker. Measurements 
in balsam: Length, 1.4 mm.; breadth, 0.56 mm.; diameter of oral 
sucker, 0.14 mm., of pharynx, 0.07 mm., of ventral sucker, 0.14 mm.; 
ova, 0.10 by 0.05 mm. 

From kingfish: One (U.S.N.M. No. 8277), collected September 11, 
1907. Length, life, 1.12 mm.; breadth, 0.77 mm. Measurements, 
balsam: Length, 1 mm.; breadth, 0.5 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.12 
mm., breadth, 0.18 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.06 mm., breadth, 0.05 
mm.; ventral sucker, length, 0.09 mm., breadth, 0.11 mm.; ova, 0.12 
by 0.06 mm. This is a small, pyriform distome, densely spinose 
anteriorly, the spines continuing to near the posterior end. The 
anatomy is in close agreement with distomes from M. americana; 
prepharynx and esophagus short; genital pore near median line; 
ova few; what was interpreted to be the second seminal vesicle lay 
on the left side of the ovary, in front of the seminal receptacle, 
apparently crowded to the right by the ova. 

Small distomes from young kingfish, collected August 21, 1918, are 
here recorded. 

One (U.S.N.M. No. 8278) from a 55-mm. fish; 3 from a 100-mm. 
fish; 16 from a 105-mm. fish; 20 from a 110-mm. fish. These are 


90 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88 


small, oval-elliptical distomes, varying from a length of 0.22 mm. 
with a breadth of 0.15 mm., to length 0.45 mm., with a breadth of 
0.28 mm.; minutely and densely spinose at anterior end, spines be- 
coming sparse toward posterior end; oral sucker larger and more 
muscular than ventral; pharynx about as broad as long, much smaller 
than oral sucker; prepharynx and esophagus very short; intestines 
reach to posterior end; cirrus and cirrus-pouch dorsal to ventral 
sucker, seminal vesicle extending back of ventral sucker; genital 
pore at anterior edge of ventral sucker, a little to left of median line; 
testes diagonal, nearly transverse in one, about midway between 
ventral sucker and posterior end; ovary to right of median line in 
front of right testis; yolk reservoir between ovary and right testis, 
best seen in dorsal view; shell gland ventral to left side of yolk 
reservoir, extending to median line; seminal receptacle dorsal to 
anterior border of left testis; a second seminal vesicle was faintly 
indicated dorsal to the shell gland; ova very few, one or two, 
between testes and ventral sucker; vitellaria diffuse, from posterior 
end to oral sucker; posterior excretory vessel large. A characteristic 
feature of these distomes is the large size and small number of 
the ova. No more than two ova were seen {in any one of them. 
Some of the smallest were immature, and contained no ova, but ova 
were present in quite small specimens. Thus, one, length, 0.28 mm., 
breadth, 0.27 mm., contained one ovum 0.10 by 0.06 mm.; another, 
length, 0.28 mm., breadth, 0.25 mm., contained two ova, 0.10 by 0.05 
mm. and 0.10 by 0.06 mm. Measurements of one in balsam: Length, 
0.42 mm.; breadth, 0.86 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.09 mm., breadth, 
0.10 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.05 mm., breadth, 0.05 mm.; ventral 
sucker, length, 0.06 mm., breadth, 0.06 mm.; ova, 0.10 by 0.06 mm. 

From white perch: Eight (U.S.N.M. No. 8279), collected August 
8, 1910. Six fishes examined. Measurements, life, moderately com- 
pressed: Length, 1.04 mm.; breadth, 0.05 mm.; oral sucker, length, 
0.1 mm., breadth, 0.11 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.06 mm., breadth, 
0.04 mm.; ventral sucker, length, 0.10 mm., breadth, 0.09 mm.; ova, 
0.11 by 0.07 mm.; ova 5 in number. Prepharynx and esophagus each 
shorter than pharynx; genital pore to left of median line; a second 
seminal vesicle noted; testes oblique; yoke reservoir between testes and 
ovary; seminal receptacle near median line in front of testes; shell 
gland in front of seminal receptacle; ovary in one appeared to be 
slightly lobed; vitellaria extend about to level of pharynx. 

From winter flounder: Distomwm areolatum Rudolphi, Bull. U. 8S. 
Fish Comm. for 1899, 1901. 

From cunner: Distomum areolatwum Rudolphi, Bull. U. S. Fish 
Comm. for 1899, 1901. A reexamination of these distomes shows 
that they belong here. 'They are densely spinose, broadest about the 


TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 91 


middle of the length, tapering rather uniformly to bluntly rounded 
ends; prepharynx short, esophagus about as long as pharynx; testes 
oblique; ova few; vitellaria extend nearly to pharynx; genital pore 
about halfway between ventral sucker and pharynx, a little to left 
of median line; cirrus pouch extending back of ventral sucker. 
Measurements, balsam: Length, 1.06 mm., breadth, 0.49 mm.; breadth 
of oral sucker, 0.15 mm., of pharynx, 0.06 mm., of ventral sucker, 
0.13 mm.; ova, 0.126 by 0.078. (U.S.N.M. No. 8280.) 


Genus LEPIDAPEDON Stafford, 1904 
LEPIDAPEDON CLAVATUM, new species 


PLATE 4, FicuRES 36, 37 


Body thickish, body more or less terete; neck and anterior part of 
body covered with dense, minute spines; tapering gradually to ante- 
rior end, and more or less abruptly to posterior end; oral sucker 
subterminal, pharynx relatively large, ventral sucker larger than 
oral; prepharynx approximately as long as pharynx, varying with 
state of contraction of neck; esophagus short, if any, intestines 
extend to posterior end; genital pore in front of ventral sucker, 
median or nearly so; cirrus pouch short, muscular, at anterior edge 
of ventral sucker; testes two, relatively large, more or less rounded, 
close together, one following the other, at about the posterior third, 
the second testis a little more than its length from the posterior end; 
ovary at anterior border of first testis; uterus between ovary and 
ventral sucker; ova not numerous, relatively large, for the most part 
clustered behind the ventral sucker; vitellaria diffuse, follicles coarse, 
from the posterior end to within a short distance of the ventral 
sucker. 

One specimen from Lophopsetia maculata and four from Cera- 
tacanthus schoepft suggest L. rachion, but in each of them the ventral 
sucker is distinctly larger than the oral. 

Type specimens.—Holotype, U.S.N.M. No. 8281; paratypes, No. 
8282. 

Hosts —¥ilefish (Ceratacanthus schoepfi) and windowpane (Lo- 
phopsetta maculata). 

Record of collections —¥rom filefish: One, collected August 7, 
1905. Measurements, lateral view, in glycerin: Length, 3.5 mm.; 
maximum breadth, 0.84 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.22 mm., breadth, 
0.28 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.22 mm., breadth, 0.29 mm.; ventral 
sucker, 0.37 mm., breadth, 0.85 mm.; ova, 0.08 by 0.04 mm. 

One (U.S.N.M. No. 8281), collected July 29, 1908. 

Two (U.S.N.M. No. 8282), collected August 21, 1915. Body terete, 
nearly linear, greatest breadth at level of testes, tapering gradually 


92 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM voL. 88 


to anterior, and more abruptly to posterior end. While the seminal 
vesicle, so far as it is shown in the mounted specimens, is in front 
of the ventral sucker, in one specimen it appears to be somewhat 
crumpled, elongated, in front and on the right dorsal side of the 
ventral sucker, narrowing slightly until near the level of the anterior 
border of the sucker, where it expands from a diameter of 0.03 mm. 
into an enlarged portion 0.28 mm. in length and 0.13 mm. in diameter, 
the anterior half of which is contiguous with the cirrus pouch. The 
ovary appeared to be slightly lobed in one specimen, circular in 
outline in at least one, and oval-elliptical, with the longer diameter 
transverse, in one. 


TABLE 21.—Measurements of four specimens of Lepidapedon clavatum in balsam 


Measurement iH 2 3 4 
Mm. Mm. Mm. Mim. 
Mere inset i be ae a ae Salone ke 3. 50 3. 25 3.50 | 3.78 
Maxim Tm DVOAG THe. # a aabepenne we oeeie o. parce een ne 0 Sits 81 62 84] .84 
Oralisncker long bse 0 uy ke eye Sess a Ea SI a oda) mila V28 eo 
Oralisucker breadth sale ee ee es . 28 . 28 SOT es 
IPHaryix OnStar ee, | BC Ne eee Oe Rene UE ee A ~2l 21 -28 | «28 
Pharyn x bread hla ia OM eh dh Seth bake pled ue ae see) ingle 21 21 -28 | .29 
Woentralisuckers] em eth ial aie i YE Ne eae Bel .35 .38 Oo od 
IMONtral SUCKEr Dread CE meen i Dene a fem re ait Ceylon .30 . 38 -42 | .35 
yea Se He TAD ah MAUR A Bi he Weal el a A RSE Se APU 2 Lal ps Mil aa oat aA dd . 078 by 0.045 


From windowpane: One (U.S.N.M. No. 8283), collected August 
17, 1908. Measurements in balsam: Length, 3.64 mm., breadth, 0.70 
mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.28 mm., breadth, 0.85 mm.; pharynx, 
length, 0.29 mm., breadth, 0.29 mm.; ventral sucker, length, 0.47 mm., 
breadth, 0.5 mm.; length of prepharynx, 0.28 mm.; ova, 0.075 by 
0.045 mm. This specimen agrees closely with the distomes from 
Ceratacanthus schoepfi. The body is nearly linear, tapering to a 
moderately blunt point at the posterior end; neck nearly linear. 
Length of spines on neck about 0.015 mm. Seminal vesicle with a 
few prostate cells at right margin of cirrus pouch; ovary slightly 
lobed; shell gland in front of ovary; no seminal receptacle seen, but 
some indication of sperm in early folds of uterus. 


LEPIDAPEDON ELONGATUM (Lebour) 
PLATE 5, FIGURES 38-45 


Lepodora elongata Lesour, Rep. (1907) Northumberland Sea Fisheries, pp. 20-21, 
1908. 

Lepidapedon elongatum (Lebour), MANTER, Tilinois Biol. Mon., vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 
85, 86, figs. 47, 48, 1926. 


Distomes from seven species of Woods Hole fishes, while present- 
ing many differences in minor details of structure, are referred to 


TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 93 


this species. They are elongated forms differing from Z. rachion in 
having a relatively smaller pharynx, and in having both the pre- 
pharynx and esophagus as long, or longer, than the pharynx. The 
testes are usually separated from each other by a longer or shorter 
interval in which follicles of the vitellaria appear. 

Details of structure are given in the records of collections. 

Hosts.—¥our-bearded rockling (Znchelyopus cimbrius), common 
codfish (Gadus morrhua), pollack (Pollachius virens), sammer 
flounder (Paralichthus dentatus), codling (Urophycis chuss), 
goggler (T'rachurops crumenophthalma). 

Record of collections—¥rom four-bearded rockling. Distomum 
sp., Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, p. 479, fig. 380, 1901. 

From common ecdfish: Eight, collected December 21, 1903; 24 fishes 
examined. 

Thirteen, collected December 138, 1905; 50 fishes examined. Meas- 
urements in formalin: Length 1.6 mm., breadth 0.28 mm., nearly 
linear. One, collected November 12, 1912; 5 fishes examined. One, 
collected November 15, 1912; 3 fishes examined. Fourteen, collected 
December 28, 1912; 25 fishes examined. ‘Two, collected December 30, 
1912; 15 fishes examined. Measurements of one in formalin: Length 
2.8 mm., breadth 0.42 mm.; diameter of oral sucker 0.10, of pharynx 
0.06, of ventral sucker 0.10; ova, 0.066 by 0.040. Two hundred and 
thirty-four, collected January 22, 1915; 12 fishes examined. Thirty- 
seven (U.S.N.M. No. 8284), collected February 16, 1915, from one 
fish. 

Two, collected July 15, 1926; 4 fishes examined. Distomes slightly 
macerated. ‘These distomes from the cod are slender, neck densely 
spinose, spines less dense on anterior part of the body, sparse toward 
the middle of the length, disappearing near the posterior end. Neck 
when flattened slightly spatulate, broader and thinner than the sub- 
cylindrical body. The neck is supplied with numerous pyriform 
glands. Oral sucker a little larger than the ventral sucker, its open- 
ing directed forward; pharynx small, longer than broad; prepharynx, 
in uncontracted specimens, longer than the pharynx; esophagus much 
longer than the pharynx, depending on the degree of contraction, in 
some cases from twice to more than four times the length of the 
pharynx. Intestinal rami begin from about the middle to the pos- 
terior third of the neck and extend to the posterior end of the body. 
Genital aperture in front of ventral sucker; cirrus bulb oval-ellipti- 
cal, about twice as long as broad, anterior and dorsal to ventral sucker ; 
cirrus spinose ; seminal vesicle moderately voluminous, extending back 
of ventral sucker; testes two, one following the other, the interval be- 
tween them approximately equal to the length of a testis, and filled 
with follicles of the vitellaria. Ovary subglobular, a short distance 


94 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88 


in front of the first testis, and at about the middle of the post-acetabu- 
lar region; seminal receptacle at posterior border of ovary; vitellaria 
diffuse, extending from posterior end to the seminal vesicle, in most 
cases interrupted at the levels of the testes and ovary. The uterus lies 
between the ovary and the ventral sucker, passing ventral to the 
seminal vesicle, then to the left of the cirrus bulb to the genital pore. 


TABLE 22.—Measurements of fowr specimens of Lepidapedon elongatum, Wos. 
1 and 2 in glycerin, Nos. 3 and 4 in balsam 


Measurement 1 2 3 4 
ATA ty ss he hk Se 4.62 4. 62 3. 78 2.03 
Breadth ofinecks 2st. 2a) STUN a ea - 40 42 .27 27 
Broad thyof Dod yes Saas Ae eee ee .35 .38 25 .29 
Diameter of oralisueker2 22222 2 es .14 .14 eli .10 
Pharynxs lengthy): s 222 eer Ase EN . 08 SUL . 08 . 08 
IPharyvnx, spread (his eee eee ee . 08 . 08 . 04 . 04 
Diameter of ventral sucker___.__._____________- LL .18 -10 .10 
Length of prepharynx: 229. 22 2 oh eee et . 20 21 ol? 13 
yee ae ae ed a ERI eo ee .07 by .04 .07 by .04 .06 by .03 -07 by .04 


From pollack: One (U.S.N.M. No. 8285) collected May 28, 1913. 
Length, in formalin, 2.03 mm.; breadth, 0.35 mm. Measurements in 
balsam: Length, 1.68 mm.; breadth, 0.35 mm.; diameter of oral 
sucker, 0.08 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.08 mm., breadth, 0.04 mm., ven- 
tral sucker, length, 0.07 mm., breadth, 0.08 mm.; length of esophagus, 
0.19 mm.; ova, 0.06 by 0.03 mm. Slender, of nearly same breadth 
throughout, neck slightly attenuate, and posterior end slightly taper- 
ing to blunt point. Details of anatomy in close agreement with 
distomes from cod. 

From summer flounder: Distoma sp., Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 
1899, pp. 482, 483, figs. 345, 352, 1901. 

From codling: One (U.S.N.M. No. 8286), collected October 28, 
1914; 10 fishes examined. Length, in formalin, 5.25 mm., breadth, 
0.67 mm.; diameter of oral sucker, 0.18 mm., of ventral sucker, 
0.18 mm. 

One, collected August 20, 1915. Measurements in balsam: Length, 
2.66 mm.; breadth, 0.49 mm.; diameter of oral sucker, 0.09 mm., of 
ventral sucker, 0.09 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.07 mm., breadth, 0.054 
mm.; length of prepharynx, 0.12 mm., of esophagus, 0.10 mm.; ova, 
0.060 by 0.045 mm. 

The neck in each of these distomes from the hake was slightly 
tapering anteriorly, there being no indication of the spatulate condi- 
tion noted in distomes from the cod. 

From goggler: One, collected August 29, 1913. Small, spinose, 
immature. Measurements, life: Length, 0.7 mm.; breadth, 0.16 mm. 


TREMATODES FROM FISHES—-LINTON 95 


In balsam, length, 0.54 mm.; breadth, 0.12 mm.; diameter of oral 
sucker, 0.03 mm., of pharynx, 0.02 mm., of ventral sucker, 0.03 mm. ; 
length of prepharynx, 0.03 mm., of esophagus, 0.04 mm. Rudiments 
of genitalia agree in relative positions with this species. 


LEPIDAPEDON RACHION (Cobbold) 


PLATE 5, FIGURE 46 


Lepidapedon rachion (Cobbold), Srarrorp, Zool. Anz., vol. 27, p. 487, 1904.— 
Manter, Illinois Biol. Mon., vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 84, 85, figs. 45, 46. 

Lepodora rachiaea (Cobbold), ODHNER, Die Trematoden des arktischen Gebietes, 
Fauna Arctica, vol. 4, p. 332, pl. 2, figs. 12-15, 1905. 

Distomes referred to this species were found in the sea bass, cod, 
haddock, and silversides. Differences in details of structure, which 
are many, may generally be accounted for by differing states of con- 
traction, and differences in age. In general the outline is long oval, 
usually tapering more anteriorly than posteriorly, the neck and 
anterior part of the body bearing short, scalelike spines, which are 
evanescent; ventral sucker smaller than oral; pharynx relatively 
large; prepharynx as long, or longer, than pharynx; esophagus very 
short, often indistinguishable; genital pore in front of ventral sucker, 
on median line; cirrus-pouch in front of, and dorsal to ventral 
sucker; the seminal vesicle, often large, and extending back of the 
ventral sucker; testes two, one following the other; ovary in front 
of first testis and near it; testes and ovary relatively small and 
rounded; vitellaria diffuse, extending from the posterior end to the 
level of the ventral sucker. Other details, including measurements, 
given under the several hosts. 

Hosts.—Black sea bass (Centropristes striatus), common codfish 
(Gadus morrhua), haddock (Melanogrammus aegelfinus), silversides 
(Menidia notata). 

Record of collections—One, from black sea bass, collected July 9, 
1904. Measurements, life: Length, 3.23 mm.; breadth, anterior 0.87, 
at level of ventral sucker, 0.67 mm., near posterior end, 0.22 mm.; 
diameter of oral sucker, 0.35 mm., of pharynx, 0.26 mm., of ventral 
sucker, 0.24 mm.; ova, 0.05 by 0.04 mm. Measurements in balsam: 
Length, 2.1 mm.; maximum breadth, 0.4 mm.; diameter of oral 
sucker, 0.21 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.14 mm., breadth, 0.15 mm.; 
diameter of ventral sucker, 0.15 mm.; length of prepharynx, 0.21 mm., 
of esophagus, 0.03 mm.; ova, 0.054 by 0.030 mm. In this distome from 
the sea bass the vitellaria extended forward about to the level of the 
anterior border of the ventral sucker and the ovary was a little more 
to the left than to the right of the median line. 


96 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 88 


From common codfish. See Distomum rachion Cobbold, Proc. U.S. 
Nat. Mus., vol. 20, pp. 538, 539, 1898. 

From haddock: One (U.S.N.M. No. 8287), collected October 31, 
1895, Vinal N. Edwards collection. Measurements in formalin: 
Length, 3.48 mm.; breadth, 0.5 mm.; diameter of oral sucker, 0.42 mm.. 
of ventral sucker, 0.8 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.8 mm., breadth, 0.27 
mm.; ova, 0.07 by 0.04 mm. 

Three, collected September 3, 1904. 

Six, collected October 21, 1904. Length of largest, in formalin, 
3.25 mm., breadth, 1 mm.; thickish, appressed, armed with low, flat, 
rounded spines. Measurements of one in balsam: Length, 1.6 mm.; 
breadth, 0.63 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.21 mm., breadth, 0.22 mm. ; 
pharynx, length, 0.18 mm., breadth, 0.15 mm.; ventral sucker, length, 
0.15 mm., breadth, 0.17 mm.; ova, 0.06 by 0.03 mm. 

The vitellaria in these distomes from the haddock do not extend 
as far forward as the ventral sucker, and the ovary in some of them 
is rather more to the right than to the left of the median line. 

One, collected August 12, 1909. This is the only distome found 
in 16 haddock taken on Crab Ledge, off Nantucket. Length, life, 4 
mm. Measurements in balsam: Length, 3.5 mm.; breadth, 0.64 mm. ; 
diameter of oral sucker, 0.22 mm., of pharynx, 0.18 mm., of ventral 
sucker, 0.17 mm.; ova, 0.06 by 0.04 mm. Cirrus pouch elliptical, 
length, 0.18 mm., breadth, 0.14 mm.; seminal vesicle, relatively large, 
at posterior border of ventral sucker dorsal to the uterus (fig. 46). 

From silversides: A few cysts, collected August 29, 1908, sur- 
rounded by black pigment on the skin of a silversides, contained im- 
mature distomes which agree with this species. Measurements, life: 
Length, 0.66 mm.; breadth, 0.29 mm.; diameter of oral sucker, 0.12 
mm., of ventral sucker, 0.08 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.08 mm., breadth, 
0.05 mm. Rudiments of the seminal vesicle, ovary, shell-gland, testes, 
and vitellaria were present, the latter extend forward to the level of 
the ventral sucker. The prepharynx was as long as the pharynx, 
and the intestinal rami extended to the posterior end. 


Genus HOMALOMETRON Stafford, 1904 
HOMALOMETRON PALLIDUM Stafford 
PLATE 7, FIGURES 65-67 


Distomum sp., LINTON, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, p. 442, fig. 354, 1901. 
Homalometron pallidum StArrorp, Zool. Anz., vol. 27, p. 487, 1904.—MANTER, 
Illinois Biol. Mon., vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 212, 213, figs. 54-56, 1926. 
Distomes from various species of Woods Hole fishes while differ- 
ing more or less among themselves, agree in so many essential char- 


TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 97 


acters that it is not advisable to recognize their differences as of 
specific value. 

Body more or less linear, although the proportions vary greatly 
with different stages of contraction, neck more or less tapering. 
Neck and anterior portion of body covered with short, blunt spines, 
becoming sparse posteriorly, more or less evanescent; oral and ven- 
tral suckers not differing much in size; pharynx much smaller than 
oral sucker, usually a little longer than broad; prepharynx and 
esophagus both present, their relative lengths variable, depending on 
contraction conditions; intestines extend nearly to posterior end of 
body, often hidden by the vitellaria; genital pore in front of ventral 
sucker, median; cirrus pouch lacking; ejaculatory duct and seminal 
vesicle dorsal to the ventral sucker, usually to the right of the median 
line, the seminal vesicle extending back of the ventral sucker as far 
as the ovary, the anterior border of which it often overlaps. The 
two testes are situated about midway between the ventral sucker and 
the posterior end, in many cases more or less lobed; ovary in front 
of first testis to the right of the median line, not lobed; shell gland 
and yolk reservoir between the ovary and first testis; seminal recep- 
tacle in front, and dorsal to the ovary on the right side of the seminal 
vesicle; vitellaria diffuse, from posterior end to, or nearly to, the 
level of the posterior margin of the ventral sucker; ova few, in front 
of testes, 0.09 or 0.1 mm. in longer, by 0.07 mm. or more in shorter 
diameter. 

Further details given in record of collections. 

Hosts—Mademoiselle (Bairdiella chrysura), common killifish 
(Fundulus heteroclitus), spot (Leiostomus wanthurus), kingfish 
(Menticirrhus sawxatilis), white perch (Morone americana), winter 
flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus), tautog (Tautoga onitis). 

Record of collections—Three (U.S.N.M. No. 8288), from made- 
moiselle, collected September 10, 1928; 4 fishes, 62 to 68 mm. in length, 
examined, seined at Wareham. Measurements, balsam: Length, 2.87 
mm.; breadth, 0.59 mm.; diameter of oral sucker, 0.21 mm., of 
pharynx, 0.11 mm., of ventral sucker, 0.21 mm.; ova, 0.096 by 0.069 
mm. These distomes resemble those from M/. sawatilis, collected on 
the same date and from the same locality. Spines evanescent; pre- 
pharynx a little longer than pharynx, esophagus about same length 
as pharynx. 

From common killifish: Seven (U.S.N.M. No. 8289), collected 
January 10, 1917, from one fish, eight fishes examined. 

From spot: Collected by Vinal N. Edwards on 16 dates in the 
months of September and October in the years 1912, 1918, and 1914. 
His record shows a total of 40 distomes from 231 fishes. The largest 

155599—40-—7 


98 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vo. 88 


number on any date was 6, from 42 fishes on one occasion, from 23 
on another. On seven dates but one distome was recorded; on one 
of these dates 50 fishes were examined. 

Five (U.S.N.M. No. 8240), collected September 16, 1912; 10 fishes 


examined. 


TABLE 23.—Measurements of four specimens of Homalometron pallidum 
in balsam 


Measurement 1 2 3 4 
Mm Mm. Mm. Mm. 
5 -S 0 (4 7] 0 ee Mm SMe lla nate a an WRI Bo Wa Rea ni flys aes 1 PN cette ia 4.62 3. 51 2.32 1. 54 
Maximumybreadthe: 22 vite’. ryt ei eee Poy eee ee 28 1. 02 78 . 56 45 
Oralisticker: Nem thie eae tek ON OE oe al Be ato . 35 . 26 - 28 18 
Oralisticker" Dread these ees meee ieek abt Re eens lene cee ane ner EN mou . 24 . 28 19 
Tengthiofiprepharynx ise Green ae ee he ees . 28 -14 . 08 .07 
PT AT YUKA ea a eee lg RLY eT TUT gl LD 14 ll -10 
Pharynxybread Gaye e saa ee ee eS ee ee ee .16 .13 mili .10 
Leneth ofesopharnsece torn cus 8: wea ere: Ses OEP Ee .07 .07 -07 . 00 
WVentralisucker,vlengthec 2229 se et ie eae SR eRe . 36 . 28 . 25 . 20 
Ventralisuckerprendths es ose ees eae ean he ae ees . 36 . 28 . 25 .19 


Ova (collapsed) 0.096 by 0.051. 


From kingfish: Three (U.S.N.M. No. 8291), collected September 
11,1907. Measurements, life, compressed : Length, 4.5 mm.; breadth, 
anterior, 0.36 mm., middle, 0.32 mm., behind testes, 0.78 mm.; oral 
sucker, length, 0.26 mm., breadth, 0.25 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.14 
mm., breadth, 0.08 mm.; ventral sucker, length, 0.26 mm., breadth, 
0.26 mm.; ova, 0.10 by 0.06 mm. Prepharynx longer than pharynx; 
esophagus short. The seminal vesicle at its anterior end dorsal to 
the posterior edge of the ventral sucker, extending back to ovary; 
seminal receptacle somewhat elongated, at right side of seminal 
vesicle, and extending back dorsal to ovary. 

Five (U.S.N.M. No. 8292), collected October 24, 1912; two fishes, 
length, 150 mm., examined. 

Eight, collected October 31, 1912; ten fishes, length 125 mm., ex- 
amined. Length, 1.98 mm.; breadth, 0.5 mm., in formalin. Most of 
these distomes, mounted in balsam, are strongly contracted. In one 
the vitellaria were reduced so that the intestines could be seen. They 
reached to within 0.18 mm. of the posterior end. 

Forty (U.S.N.M. No. 8293), collected August 28, 1928; 34 fishes, 
81 mm. to 1387 mm. in length, examined. 

These distomes, in balsam, vary from 1.3 to nearly 5 mm. in length, 
and are of great variety of shapes and proportions, as shown in the 
following table: 


TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 99 


TABLE 24.—Measurements of five specimens of Homalometron pallidum in balsam 


Measurement 1 2 3 4 5 
Mm Mm Mm. Mm Mm 
Teng theese a = gy ser ey ot a 4.48 3.15 3. 08 2. 68 1.79 
Mengtwiofmeck= 2 22-25-25 eae eee 1.02 75 77 77 42 
Maximum breadth_-_---.-------- 98 1.14 . 74 . 63 1.19 
Oral sucker, length_____._____--- .29 . 26 . 24 - 25 . 22 
Oral sucker, breadth_____-------- . 29 22 . 28 25 . 24 
Length of prepharynx__-_-----_-- 2 . 05 oi . 14 . 00 
Wharynx, length: =) 4s. 222k ait . 08 -10 -10 . 05 
iPharynx, breadth. s==ss2—ss-—— = .12 . 08 .07 st -05 
Length of esophagus___-_-_------ . 07 . 04 . 05 .07 . 00 
Ventral sucker, length ___._____-- . 30 . 24 .25 .19 . 28 
Veutral sucker, breadth_-__------ . 28 . 24 sep ab . 28 
Ovary ,jlength: 24 ets ee 20 ead .14 .14 wd 
Ovary, breadth: 222... =-2 --+..-3. -21 - 25 17 ay 4 . 24 
Wirst pestis, lengths 2s25-2 = e- . 23 .31 00 . 24 14 
First testis, breadth_____-______- ee ~45 On . 24 .39 
Second testis, length ____-._____- . 56 aya . 39 -18 sol 
Second testis, breadth___-_-_-__- .35 70 sD) . 26 . 43 
Ona) 3 SS So a eee -10 by .09 -10 by .06 .10 by .05 .10 by .07 -10 by .06 


From white perch: Five (U.S.N.M. No. 8294), collected April 28, 
1914; two fishes examined. Largest, in formalin, length, 4 mm.; 
breadth, 1.85 mm. Measurements in balsam: Length, 2.94 mm.; 
breadth, 1.05 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.35 mm., breadth, 0.39 mm.; 
pharynx, length, 0.15 mm., breadth, 0.13 mm.; ventral sucker, length, 
0.39 mm., breadth, 0.42 mm.; no ova. Seminal vesicle dorsal to right 
border of ventral sucker, extending back of ventral sucker and over- 
lapping the ovary, seminal receptacle dorsal to posterolateral border 
of ovary; yolk reservoir between ovary and first testis. 

From winter flounder: The distome recorded from this host under 
the name D. globiphorum Rudolphi (Bull. U. 8. Fish Comm. for 
1899, p. 486, fig. 347, 1901), probably belongs here. Nine (U.S.N.M. 
No. 8295), collected July 28, 1905; length, 4mm. One, collected Feb- 
ruary 10, 1913; 30 fishes examined; length, 3 mm., in formalin. Five, 
collected October 16, 1914; one fish examined. Sixteen, collected 
February 16, 1915; four fishes examined. 


TABLE 25.—Record of distomes of Homalometron pallidum from young 
Pseudopleuronectes americanus 


Fishes Fishes | Degree of Total Appendicu- 
exam- Date collected Length of fishes} parasit- | parasit- di te late distomes 
ined ized ization | ||Cnooe found 


eee 


Mm. 
65 | 10 dates, June 30 to Sept. 10_______ 100 to 190_____- 23 1-40 173 | None. 
264 | 28 dates, June 27 to Sept. 18_______ Pa bra ykt eet 187 1-484 5,516 | On 4 dates. 
ENA usualy 27 19st eho Ee aE te 10 3-317 1,195 
APU POUINIC 2 (LOL Gs ein hernia ee nk ee ea Be 1 
aL AS MULL ane eee ee ae Se eke ee ANA eke Sy ee 12 2-75 268 
CSO DAN LAG ERD Ne EI ig ee S| | eee 2 2 3-5 8 


1 Seined in Katama Bay. 1 Seined in Great Harbor. 3 Seined at Monument Beach. 


100 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88 


While the food of young winter flatfish was being studied in the 
summers of 1915 and 1916, a record was kept of the distomes found. 
With few exceptions these distomes were referred to the species 
Homalometron pallidum (U.S.N.M. No. 8296) and Hemiurus appen- 
diculatus. The appendiculates, for the most part, came from the 
stomachs, the others from the intestines of their hosts. 

Twenty-three, collected August 9, 1923; eight fishes examined. 

Twelve, collected July 29, 1929. Smallest, length, 160 mm.; 
breadth, 0.53 mm.; largest, length, 3.20 mm., breadth, 0.77 mm.; 
ova, 0.096 by 0.042 mm. 

These distomes from the winter flatfish, representing as they do 
a great variety of forms, agree in all essential particulars with this 
species as defined in the foregoing descriptions. Such differences 
as exist may be accounted for by differences in age and in contrac- 
tion conditions. Thus, in distomes of the same lot there are some 
in which the seminal vesicle and seminal receptacle are clearly de- 
fined, some in which the seminal vesicle cannot be made out, some in 
which the seminal receptacle cannot be seen, and some in which 
neither of the seminal vessels can be distinguished. Evidently con- 
ditions varying from plethora to emptiness account for the apparent 
variation in these organs. In like manner differences in states of 
contraction, especially of the neck, explain many apparently radical 
differences in relative proportions. Differences harder to reconcile 
are seen in a tendency of the testes to be more or less lobed. Also, 


the ventral sucker tends in some to be a little larger than the oral 
sucker. (U.S.N.M. No. 8297.) 


TABLE 26.—Measurements of six specimens of Homalometron pallidum in balsam 


Measurement 1 2 3 4 5 6 


Mm. Mm. | Mm. | Mm. Mm. Mm. 


Tenet He ee A ee a ee ee ee Fo ee 8 3. 74 3. 39 3. 57 2.31 3. 50 3. 75 
Maximumiibreadth 2s siee 2 eee eee be ee . 66 - 48 49 95 ~42 . 52 
Oral sucker, length___._---- Pepa ee NE Es LE ae . 28 «25 . 28 . 24 . 25 any 
QOralisucker,; bread Ghesase sss en 28 oe Se . 34 .19 . 24 . 24 . 20 . 22 
Tenet hyo rprepharyix ee oe oe ee .07 25 . 25 . 08 .21 . 28 
Pharynxlengphie to. eee eel Sos oy. Peay eh seed a19 14 sala ailitt 14 Bia 
Phanynx,bresd thio 22222 2 2 2. teen te So a ee 15 ap .14 oil -10 .14 
ene LOO eSOPOSCUS = ase nets Hoe eee ee todas .07 .14 - 08 .07 -10 -16 
Wentralisucker, length: seuss iw ae ee eee -3l 25 . 36 .28 . 30 . 36 
Mentrali sticker, DFOad theese ssee neon ene ee -ol .14 . 25 34 sol aia 


Ova, 0.09 by 0.06. 


From tautog: One, collected April 26, 1915. Measurements in 
balsam: Length, 0.81 mm.; breadth, 0.835 mm.; diameter of oral 
sucker, 0.15 mm., of pharynx, 0.08 mm., of ventral sucker, 0.15 mm. 


TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 101 


Subfamily STEPHANOPHIALINAE Nicoll, 1909 
Genus CREPIDOSTOMUM Braun, 1900 
CREPIDOSTOMUM FARONIS (0. F. Miiller) 

PLATE 22, FIGURE 289 


Crepidostomum laureatum (Zeder, 1800), Braun, 1900, Srizes and HASSALL, 
U. S. Hyg. Lab. Buil. 37, p. 140, 1908. 

Crepidostomum faronis (O. F. Miiller), Luu, in Brauer’s Siisswasserfauna 
Deutschlands, vol. 17, Trematodes, p. 63, fig. 54, 1909. 


Body smooth, tapering slightly to each end; six short, blunt papillae 
around oral sucker, four dorsal and two ventral; ventral sucker 
larger than oral; prepharynx very short; pharynx much smaller 
than oral sucker; esophagus about as long as pharynx; intestinal 
rami extend nearly to posterior end. Genital pore on median line, 
in front of working of intestine, near posterior end of pharynx; 
cirrus smooth, cirrus pouch extends back of ventral sucker along its 
left border and encloses the seminal vesicle at its posterior end. 
Testes about middle of postacetabular region, one following the 
other, outlines more or less irregular. Ovary subglobular, a short 
distance back of ventral sucker, to left of median line; shell gland 
on posteromedian border of ovary. A yolk reservoir was noted in 
one specimen between the left anterior border of the first testis and 
the ovary; vitellaria diffuse, with coarse lobules filling the post- 
testicular space and extending forward to the level of the posterior 
end of the pharynx. Uterus between first testis and ventral sucker. 
The metraterm lies on the dorsal side of the ventral sucker, to the 
right of the cirrus-pouch. Ova not numerous, average in balsam 
0.08 by 0.04 mm. The number in three specimens in balsam was 
32, 42, and 90, more or less, respectively. 

Host.—Brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). 

Record of collections —About 25 trout were examined for internal 
parasites on July 4, 1905, at Alder Lake in the Catskills, New York; 
2 distomes found, 1 from each of two fish. (U.S.N.M. No. 8298.) 
Measurements of one, life: Length, 2.45 mm., breadth, 1.26 mm.; 
diameter of oral sucker, 0.832 mm., of pharynx, 0.23 mm., of ventral 
sucker, 0.48 mm.; ova, 0.06 by 0.045 mm. When compressed the 
greatest breadth was at about the anterior third at the level of the 
ventral sucker, thence tapering to the buntly rounded anterior end, and 
more gradually, to the posterior end. A slide contains three specimens 
collected June 26, 1911, not in good condition. My notes made dur- 
ing my second visit to Alder Lake are missing. 


102 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 88 


TaBLe 26.—Measurements of three specimens of Crepidostomum faronis in balsam 


Measurement 11 2! 32 
Mm. Mim. Mm 
OMS C Tee a eR a a se als aye SO eat aD eet Bild 2.97 2.55 2. 53 
Breadth; leveltof oralisucker® = 22" Sse yee ey eee ee ae . 46 42 24 
‘Breadth, veveliof:ventralisnckerse sae me see ee eee Cee ee 1S 1. 08 . 66 
Breadth; evelOR testes ana eee a a a A ee 1. 06 as . 62 
Anterior edge of ventral sucker to anterior end_____________-_------------- sHaie - 62 . 63 
Posterior edge of ventral sucker to ovary_--_-.--------.------------------- . 06 .13 07 
Posterior edge of ventral sucker to first testis_______._.___.._.-_------------ . 46 . 52 . 56 
Posterior edge of second testis to posterior end_____-_-____---------------- . 84 .70 . 56 
Oralisneker length soln ee ae oe ees ae ema eee ener nek . 29 . 24 a7, 
OrallSsucker:HDrea the oy Me ci ee ey asi Sa ah BY SN .35 .32 . 24 
Pharynx: long phe. Peja ek Beulah dS ee hon SD as ae ir «21 «15 wit 
Wertralisucker eng tn ook {aula Ee eer ees Aa NERD, Se ALS TE . 43 .38 . 28 
Ventral’sucker; breathe hoe cen ee ae ae ae eA Aad, il oh el . 49 .39 Sol 
Ovary plen et Hats ate Se syle ae Rie eg Me da i ae a oar ss ~25 - 21 . 24 
Ovary Drexcy his. oe Se ieee is TER ELCs Ea ee ee ie, ee nat val . 20 
irst testis; lengtho- 2. dda 2 Wine 2 ee ak Ob) OER te +22 .18 722 
First testis, breadth__._._.___-____ VMS ese Be 3 pats Rel Rate Roeeiies! See a 25 35 28 
Second'testis; length = 2226 say eet es = I ee ee 2 . 24 aval . 28 
Second testis; breadthiw 2c tee ey AE SM Re NSA EE . 28 - 28 29 
1 Ventral view. 4 Lateral view. 


Family DIPLOPROCTODABIDAHE Ozaki, 1928 


Genus BIANIUM Stunkard, 1930 


BIANIUM PLICITUM (Linton) 
PLATE 6, Figure 57; PLate 7, FiaurEes 58-64 


Distomum sp. Linton, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 20, pp. 537, 588, figs. 1, 2, 1898 ; 
Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, vol. 19, p. 464, 1901; Bull. Bur. U. S. Fish 
Comm. for 1904, vol. 24, pp. 359, 385, 402, fig. 165, 1905. 

Psilostomum plicitunm Linton, Proe. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 73, art. 1, p. 5, fig. 7, 
1928. 

Bianium concavum STUNKARD, Anat. Ree., vol. 47, p. 362, 1930. 

Bianium plicitum (Linton), StTUNKARD, Zeitschr. ftir Parasitenk., vol. 3, pp. 715- 
719, figs. 3-7, 1981. 

Body oblong, anterior end, when flattened, with margins of neck 
slightly expanded and more or less undulate; neck and anterior part 
of body densely covered with minute spines; oral sucker a little larger 
than ventral sucker, its opening ventral, its anterior border a short 
distance back of the anterior end of the body; pharynx variable, 
usually broader than long, its anterior border in some cases scal- 
loped; prepharynx and esophagus short; intestinal rami extend to 
posterior end of body, where they open by distinct ani at the postero- 
lateral margins.* Genital pore at left anterior edge of ventral 


13 Dr, Stunkard has called my attention to the presence of two distinct anal openings in 
this distome. I had overlooked this unique character, possibly because the specimens 
examined most closely had the intestinal rami hidden by the vitellaria, but probably 
because the attention that would be required to lead to such an unlooked-for characteristic 
was not given. 


TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 103 


sucker; cirrus smooth; cirrus bulb near left dorsal margin of ven- 
tral sucker, and extending back of ventral sucker, enclosing the pros- 
tatic cells and a seminal vesicle at its posterior end. There is a sec- 
ond seminal vesicle connected with the base of the cirrus bulb by a 
short vas deferens. The second seminal vesicle is, in some cases, rela- 
tively large, in others it is small and obscured by the ova. ‘Testes 
two, situated toward the posterior end, one following the other 
closely, and usually slightly diagonally placed, in some cases slightly 
lobed. Ovary profoundly lobed, as many as twenty lobes were 
counted in a few instances, situated ventrally at the anterior border of 
the first testis. Seminal receptacle elongated, at the left side of the 
ovary and first testis. Laurer’s canal enters the seminal receptacle at 
its posterior end. The uterus lies between the ovary and the ventral 
sucker. The thick-walled metraterm lies on the left side of the cirrus 
pouch; ova from about 0.06 by 0.04 mm. to 0.07 by 0.05 mm. in bal- 
sam, the shells rather thin and usually collapsed in balsam mounts; 
vitellaria diffuse, from posterior end to ventral sucker, their breadth 
on the margins often from one-fourth to one-third the breadth of 
the body; yolk reservoir at posterior border of ovary. The excretory 
vessel at the posterior end of the body extends forward to about the 
anterior end of the first testis. Measurements in balsam: Length, 
3.12 mm.; breadth, 1.24 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.27 mm., breadth, 
0.28 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.18 mm., breadth, 0.25 mm.; diameter of 
ventral sucker, 0.25 mm.; ova, 0.07 by 0.04 mm. An average of seven 
distomes, maximum length 3.12 mm., minimum 1.40 mm., gave the 
following results: Oral sucker, length, 0.19 mm., breadth, 0.22 mm.; 
pharynx, length, 0.14 mm., breadth, 0.18 mm.; ventral sucker, length, 
0.19 mm., breadth, 0.21 mm. 

Hosts—Smooth puffer (Lagocephalus laevigatus), tomcod (Micro- 
gadus tomcod), puffer (Sphoeroides maculatus). 

Record of collections—From smooth puffer: Proc. U. 8S. Nat. 
Mus., vol. 20, pp. 537, 538, pl. 53, figs. 1, 2, 1898; Bull. U. S. Fish 
Comm. for 1899, p. 464, 1901. One, collected July 17, 1906. 

From tomcod: One (U.S.N.M. No. 8299), collected June 8, 1914. 
Measurements in balsam: Length, 2.88 mm.; breadth, 0.98 mm.; 
diameter of oral sucker, 0.21 mm., of pharynx, 0.17 mm., of ventral 
sucker, 0.19 mm.; ova, 0.066 by 0.083 mm. Pharynx with sinuous 
anterior border. 

From puffer: Bull. U. 8. Fish Comm. for 1899, p. 464, 1901. Fifty- 
two (U.S.N.M. No. 8300), collected July 9, 1904, from intestines of 
two fishes. Nine, collected August 17, 1904. Twenty-eight, collected 
May 31, 1905. Most of these came from a piece of intestine of the 
host 40 mm. in length, preserved in formalin. Twelve, collected by 
Dr. Irving I. Field, July 8, 1905, from intestine of the host; white, 
squarish distomes. Thirty-four, collected August 6, 1906, from two 


104 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 88 


fishes; small, greenish or yellowish white, usually rather squarish in 
outline; that is, ends truncate and sides linear; lateral margins of 
neck expanded, in some cases folded under ventrally. 

Two, collected August 9, 1906, from intestine of one fish. One, 
collected August 10, 1906, from intestine of one fish. Four, collected 
August 16, 1906, from intestine of one fish. Three, collected August 
17, 1906, from intestine of one fish. Four, collected August 18, 1906, 
from intestine of one fish. Five, collected August 23, 1906, from 
intestine of one fish. One hundred and fourteen, collected August 1, 
1907, from the intestines of two fishes. Thirty-four, collected August 
2, from one fish. Many, collected August 10, from one fish. One 
hundred and fifty-one, collected June 28, 1910, from intestines of four 
fishes. 

One hundred and ten, collected June 30, 1910, from two fishes; 
yellowish white, some rose color; shape irregular, many almost rec- 
tangular, others roughly triangular, tapering anteriorly and retuse 
at. posterior end, a few arcuate; flattened under the cover-glass they 
become oblong with bluntly rounded anterior, and more or less trun- 
cated posterior ends. Measurements of largest, life: Length, 3.95 mm.; 
breadth, 1.57 mm.; diameter of oral sucker, 0.39 mm., of pharynx, 
0.85 mm., of ventral sucker, 0.39 mm. 

Ninety-three, collected July 5, 1910, from nine fishes. Twenty, 
collected July 27, from one fish; one of these, an adult with ova, from 
a cyst on the intestine of the host. Twenty-eight, collected July 5, 
1910, from each of two fishes, number not recorded. One, collected 
September 6, 1910; two fishes examined. Fifty-two, collected June 
1, 1914, from 15 fishes. Forty-five, collected June 8, 1914, from one 
fish. One hundred and thirty-nine, collected June 9, 1914, from one 
fish, six fish examined. LHighty-eight, collected June 8, 1915, from 16 
fishes. One, collected July 2, 1915. 


Family BUNODERIDAE Nicoll 


Genus BUNODERA Railliet, 1896 
BUNODERA NGDULOSA (Froelich) 


PLATE 22, Ficures 290, 291 


On April 28, 1914, Mr. Edwards examined 12 yellow perch (Perca 
flavescens) and found two distomes that appear to belong to this 
species (U.S.N.M. No, 8301). 

Note on formalin material: Globular, or nearly so; dorsal region 
and neck white; ventral region swollen with ova, in which the eye 
spots of the contained miracidia can be seen; ventral sucker white 
with circular opening, slightly prominent, like an inverted saucer. 
The mouth is surrounded by six short, blunt papillae. Length, 


TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 105 
2.25 mm.; breadth, 1.5 mm.; thickness, 1.6 mm.; ova, 0.077 by 
0.042 mm. 

Measurements in balsam: Length, 1.12 mm.; breadth, 0.84 mm.; 
diameter of oral sucker, 0.42 mm., of ventral sucker, 0.42 mm.; ova, 
0.045 by 0.030 mm. to 0.069 by 0.045 mm. 

Details of the anatomy are hidden by the mass of ova. ‘This species 
has been found in Canada by Stafford (Zool. Anz., vol. 27, pp. 489, 
490, 1904). So far as the anatomy can be made out these distomes 
are in agreement with Stafford’s material, although they are some- 
what smaller. The measurements of the ova are not given by Staf- 
ford. Looss (Zool. Jahrb., vol. 12, p. 598, 1899) gives the size of the 
ova 0.10 by 0.05 mm. He notes also the occurrence of miracidia with 
eye spots in the ova. 


Family AZYGIIDAE Odhner, 1911 


Genus AZYGIA Looss, 1899 
AZYGIA LONGA (Leidy) 
PLATE 22, FigurRES 292-297 


zygia longa (Leidy), Manrer, Illinois Biol. Mon., vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 68-72, 
figs. 19, 20, 30, 1926 (synonymy, p. 63). 

Upon reviewing the distomes in my collection I find examples from 
three species of fishes, two fresh water and cne marine, which, ac- 
cording to Manter’s synopsis (loc. cit., p. 78) are to be referred to 
the species Azygia longa (Leidy). A brief description of this ma- 
terial is given as supplementary to Manter’s careful diagnosis of this 
widely distributed and variable species. 

Hosts —Kastern pickerel (sox niger), small-mouthed black bass 
(Micropterus dolomieu), cutlassfish (7'richiurus lepturus). 

Record of collections—-Krom eastern pickerel, 12 distomes 
(U.S.N.M. No. 8302) attached to walls of stomach, collected May 5, 
1898, by F. L. Harvey, Orono, Maine. Neck and anterior part of 
body nearly cylindrical; posterior part of body may be slightly com- 
pressed, smooth, but with fine transverse rugae; oral sucker larger 
than ventral; pharynx short, cylindrical; esophagus very short; in- 
testinal rami reach to posterior end. Genital pore at anterior border 
of ventral sucker, on median line; cirrus-pouch, enclosing the pros- 
tate gland and coiled vas deferens, at anterior dorsal border of ventral 
sucker; cirrus and metraterm opening into a common atrium. Testes 
small, near together, one following the other, nearer to posterior end 
than to ventral sucker. The ovary is in front of the first testis, from 
which it was separated, from 0.08 to 0.15 mm. The shell gland and 
yolk reservoir are situated on the anterior and anterodorsal border 
of the ovary. Laurer’s canal was noted, but no seminal receptacle 


106 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88 


was seen. The uterus occupies the space between the shell gland and 
the ventral sucker. The vitelline glands are marginal and extend 
from a point a short distance back of the ventral sucker to a point 
about halfway between the second testis and the posterior end. Meas- 
urements of one of larger specimens in balsam: Length, 6.50 mm.; 
maximum diameter, 0.75 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.67 mm., breadth, 
0.60 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.28 mm., breadth, 0.21 mm.; ventral 
sucker, length, 0.26 mm., vertical diameter, 0.24 mm. An average of 
36 of the larger ova, in a series of sections, was 0.042 by 0.025 mm.; 
the largest observed measured 0.054 by 0.033 mm. 

From small-mouthed black bass: Collected by J. L. Robertson at 
Culver Lake, N. J., one specimen in June, 1905, seven specimens on 
November 15, 1907 (U.S.N.M. No. 8303). These distomes from the 
black bass differ from those found in the pickerel in the relative posi- 
tions of testes and ovary. In the distomes from the pickerel the 
testes are separated from each other by a space equal to or greater 
than the diameter of a testis, and the ovary is separated from the 
first testis by a space about equal to its diameter, while in the dis- 
tomes from the bass the testes and ovary are very close together, in 
most cases being actually in contact with each other. In four of the 
six mounted specimens the ovary lies directly in front of the first 
testis, in the others it lies beside the first testis, beimg crowded back 
by the uterus. In an immature specimen 2.17 mm. in length the 
ovary is separated from the first testis by a space nearly equal to its 
diameter. In another, immature, specimen, 2.10 mm. in length, the 
testes are in contact with each other, and the ovary is in contact with 
the anterior edge of the first testis. An average of 15 of the larger 
ova, in balsam mounts, was 0.056 by 0.029 mm.; the largest, 0.057 by 
0.030 mm.; the smallest, 0.048 by 0.027. 

From cutlassfish: This record is based on a series of sagittal sec- 
tions of one distome, and a series of frontal sections of the anterior 
end of another. These sections occur in a lot which was prepared of 
the distome Sterrhurus monticellit from the cutlassfish. These sec- 
tions are on a slide along with sections of a specimen of S. monti- 
cellii. Careful search was made for other examples of Azygia 
among the large number of S. monticellii in the collection but none 
were found. 

The agreement between this material from the cutlassfish and that 
from the bass and pickerel is close. The testes and ovary are in con- 
tact with each other, as in the bass. The vitellaria are lateral, be- 
tween the lateral margin and the intestinal rami, distributed more 
ventrally than dorsally, and extend from about 0.15 mm. back of the 
ventral sucker nearly to the posterior end. Ova numerous, maximum 
about 0.06 by 0.03 mm. Ova in the anterior folds of the uterus con- 
tain miracidia. 


TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 107 


The following measurements are given for purposes of comparison 
with measurements tabulated in Manter’s monograph: 


TABLE 27.—Measurements of nine specimens of Azygia longa 


Measurement 11 21 32 42 52 62 7? 83 94 


Mm.| Mm.| Mm.| Mm. | Mm. | Mm.| Mm.| Mm. | Mm. 


Nyala eee eA Te ae eT dae 6.65 | 6.46 | 7.00 5.74 5.389 | 4.90 | 2.10 | 4.00] 3.00 
Brendthe ys = cess § esate te ale i as gE 20; .63 | .91 .70 -60 |} .59-| .42 «43 - 63 
Oral'sucker, diamoter-22 522) 22285 88: [po boul sea - a eae eel eee 
Oral'sucker, length? ice. 22 )o_ Se Sa ee To .49 . 60 -35 | 2.385] .28 ~42 . 56 
Oral sucker; breadth-=. 2% Se. Be £2 ol oe oo a ok - 63 - 46 «52°} °.497] .31 - 42 . 62 
Pharynxlenet hess wees see ee suey bale BOTs ance mmol | es | eT 25 
Pharynx, breadthi i253 4h ee Anak FY eb he Ree eal . 25 oe | at ty (a bm -16 ool 
Ventral sucker, diameter____*__-_--___----- ABU OQ er Be eee Tae 
Wentralisucker,lenethe 22s eek eee ee ave! 43 .39 32) 28) .25 - 32 45 
Ventralisucker; breadth 2022 2h 3 | ae -45 -45 SOON he SON) encore . 25 -41 
Posterior edge of ventral sucker to middle 

ORGY SGV ea Re RU ee NS Le ewig a 2,33 | 2.10 | 2.24} 2.08 | 2.06 | 2.10 | .50 ri 7 peso 
Posterior edge of ventral sucker to anterior 

ena ee eee ee eS ea ES eS LZ") 1054), 1247 1. 96 172) | 12 - 98 1.51 1.92 
Posterior edge of ventral sucker to anterior 

VALOUSTIBs 728 BESET aay ere 242) S285) 24 85 Gun] weoual eee +114 | 4.15 
Posterior edge of testes to posterior end____| 1.71 | 1.33 | 1.89 | 1.33] 1.12]1.15 | .52 JB0s 2 2278 
Vitellaria on left beyond testes__..___-____- -98 | 1.26] .78 | +.90 | +.34] .90 |_____. ia DAEs 
Viteliaria on right beyond testes_____._____ 1,02 |} 1.23 } 1.05 | +.42 | +.56 | .60 |---_-- sevala | Sa oe 

1 Balsam mounts from Hsozr niger. 3 Sagittal sections. 
2 Balsam mounts from Micropterus dolomieu. ‘ Frontal sections from Trichiurus lepturus. 


Genus OTODISTOMUM Stafford, 1904 


OTODISTOMUM CESTOIDES (van Beneden) 


Distomum cestoides VAN BENEDEN, Mem. Acad. Roy. Belgique, vol. 38, p. 17, 
pl. 4, fig. 9, 1870. 

Distomum veliporum Creplin (?), Linton, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 20, pp. 
521, 522, 1898. 

Otodistomum veliporum Creplin, STAFForD, Zool. Anz., vol. 27, pp. 482, 483, 1904. 

Xenodistomum melanocystis, ibid., p. 483. 

Otodistomum cestoides (van Beneden), MANTER, Illinois Biol. Mon., vol. 10, No. 
2, pp. 140-186, figs. 1-6, 8-10, 23-26, 28, 1926. 


An intensive study of this distome has been made by Manter, loc. 
cit. 

Hosts.—Clear ray (Raja diaphanes), barndoor skate (aja laevis), 
filefish (Ceratacanthus schoepfi), fishingfrog (Lophius piscatorius), 
rudderfish (Palinurichthys perciformis). 

Record of collections—From clear ray: One, immature (U.S.N.M. 
No. 8304), collected May 18, 1914. Measurements in formalin: 
Length, 7.5 mm.; breadth, 1.5 mm.; thickness, 1 mm. Measurements 
in balsam: Length, 5.5 mm.; maximum breadth, at level of ventral 
sucker, 1.33 mm., breadth midway between ventral sucker and pos- 
terior end, 1.29 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.66 mm., breadth, 0.70 mm. ; 
pharynx, length, 0.38 mm., breadth, 0.21 mm.; ventral sucker, length, 


108 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 88 


0.97 mm., breadth, 1.04 mm. Ovary, 0.9 mm. back of ventral sucker, 
length, 0.14 mm., breadth, 0.25 mm.; testes about equal, length, 0.21 
mm., breadth, 0.35 mm. The testes and ovary are close together, the 
group measuring about 0.46 mm. in length and 0.56 mm. in breadth. 
Aperture of oral sucker, length, 0.14 mm., breadth, 0.22 mm., of ven- 
tral sucker, length, 0.85 mm., breadth, 0.24 mm. (U.S.N.M. No. 8304.) 

From barndoor skate: One, fragment (U.S.N.M. No. 8305), col- 
lected October 28, 1898. One, fragment; length in formalin, 10 mm. 
Two, collected November 4, 1898; lengths, 24 and 25 mm., respec- 
tively; breadth, 3.5 mm., nearly linear; neck reflected dorsally; color 
in formalin yellowish white to ashy gray, with dark blotches. Two, 
collected October 19, 1903; length of larger specimen, 54 mm.; of 
nearly uniform size from ventral sucker to middle of postacetabular 
region, thence tapering very slightly to posterior end; distance from 
anterior end to posterior edge of ventral sucker, 9 mm.; neck reflected 
dorsally, nearly at right angles to body. Fourteen, collected May 
13, 1904; longest in formalin, 28 mm. Three, collected October 28, 
1911; lengths in formalin, 11, 12, and 15 mm., respectively; breadth, 
2to2.25mm. Three, collected October 10, 1912; lengths in formalin, 
22, 23, and 27 mm., respectively; maximum breadth, 4.5 mm. Six- 
teen, collected April 29, 1913; length of one in formalin, 47 mm., 
breadth, 45 mm. Five, collected April 30, 1913, 12 to 20 mm. in 
length in formalin. Five, collected May 6, 1913; 10 to 16 mm. in 
formalin. Four, collected May 9, 1918; largest in formalin, length 
27 mm., maximum breadth, 4.5 mm., maximum thickness, 3 mm.; 
smallest, length, 23 mm., maximum breadth, 3 mm., tapering to pos- 
terior end; in each the neck was reflected dorsally nearly at right 
angles to the body. 

The ova, as seen in a series of sections, are about 0.078 mm. by 
0.051 min.; thickness of shell, 0.003 mm. 

From filefish: Immature trematodes encysted under the serous coat 
of the liver of the filefish are here recorded. One, collected July 11, 
1910, from serous coat of liver near gall bladder of host; length, 138 
mm., diameter, 3.5 mm.; nearly linear, moderately compressed, in- 
testines voluminous; in balsam, diameter of oral sucker, 0.60 mm., of 
pharynx, 0.42 mm., of ventral sucker, 1.18 mm. 

One, collected July 18, 1911, under serous coat of liver of host. 
Measurements in balsam: Length, 2.24 mm., maximum breadth, 0.73 
mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.17 mm., breadth, 0.22 mm.; pharynx, 
length, 0.17 mm., breadth, 0.15 mm.; ventral sucker, length, 0.81 mm., 
breadth, 0.35 mm. 

From fishingfrog: Immature distomes from the stomach wall of 
the goosefish are here recorded. The rudiment of the cirrus pouch 
lies at the posterior border of the pharynx. Rudiments of the ovary 


TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 109 


and testes are present, the ovary being in front of the testes. The 
worms when compressed are usually rather slender and of nearly uni- 
form breadth. The ratio of the suckers would point to O. veliporum 
rather than to O. cestoides. Since the studies of Manter show that 
differences in ratio of suckers are of little value, and other workers, 
as Miihlschlag and Odhner, rely mainly on the ova to distinguish 
between species, it seems best to record these immature distomes under 
the species O. cestoides. 

Encysted distomes from the goosefish are recorded by Stafford 
(Zool. Anz., vol. 27, p. 483, 1904) and referred by him to a new genus 
and species, Xenodistomum melanocystis. Of these encysted distomes 
he says: “Resembles preceding species (Otodistomum veliporum Crep- 
lin) but is immature with rudiments of genital organs and ducts.” 

Five, collected November 11, 1904. 

Four, collected July 31, 1905, in cysts on viscera of host. Measure- 
ments, life: Length, 4 mm.; breadth, 1.5 mm.; oral sucker, length, 
0.385 mm., breadth, 0.49 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.30 mm., breadth, 0.20 
mm.; ventral sucker, length, 0.50 mm., breadth, 0.64 mm.; intestines 
voluminous. 

Two, immature, collected July 2, 1910; length, 4 and 5 mm., respec- 
tively; breadth,1 mm. Single excretory vessel from posterior end to 
a point about halfway between the ventral sucker and the posterior 
end, there dividing into two lateral branches which were traced to the 
anterior sucker, but were not seen to unite. 

Three, immature, collected July 29, 1910; length,5 mm. A num- 
ber of cysts, on and in the stomach wall, most of them containing 
larvae of the cestode Rhynchobothrium imparispine, had been re- 
moved from a goosefish. These distomes were found among this 
material. 

Eight, collected May 22, 1911; lengths in formalin, 3 to 6.5 mm. 
Mr. Edwards’ notes do not state where these distomes were found in 
the goosefish, but they resemble in every particular distomes from 
cysts on the viscera. 

Thirty, immature, collected April 10, 1913; in dark-brown cysts 
in the stomach wall; cysts oval, 3.5 mm. in diameter, in formalin; 
brown color due to degenerate tissue; worms plump, from 3 to 5 mm. 
in length. Measurements in glycerin: Length, 3.12 mm., breadth, 0.87 
mm.; breadth of oral sucker, 0.46 mm., of ventral sucker, 0.60 mm. 

One, collected July 15, 1914, found by Dr. MacCallum on mesentery 
of host. 

Three (U.S.N.M. No. 8306), collected August 17, 1923, in cysts as- 
sociated with cestode cysts. Measurements in balsam: Length, 10.5 
mm., breadth, 1.65 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.66 mm., breadth, 0.74 
mm.; pharynx, length, 0.28 mm., breadth, 0.25 mm.; diameter of 


110 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM yor. 88 


ventral sucker, 1.09 mm.; cirrus pouch, length, 0.23 mm., breadth, 
0.21. mm. 

Fourteen, immature, collected July 17, 1924, encysted in submucosa 
of stomach, surrounded by black, granular pigment; some of them 
rather active after liberation from cysts. Measurements, life, com- 
pressed: Length, 8 mm., breadth, 1.40 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.67 
mm., breadth, 0.53 mm.; pharynx, contracting and expanding, length 
and breadth at time of measuring, about 0.28 mm.; ventral sucker, 
length, 0.95 mm., breadth, 0.92 mm. 

Two, immature, collected July 7, 1926, from cysts on viscera of host. 
Seven, collected August 12, 1926, in dark-brown cysts in stomach wall. 
Measurements in balsam: Length, 0.6 mm.; breadth, 1.61 mm.; oral 
sucker, length, 0.53 mm., breadth, 0.56 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.28 
mm., breadth, 0.21 mm.; ventral sucker, length, 0.95 mm., breadth, 
0.91 mm.; cirrus pouch, length, 0.21 mm., breadth, 0.14 mm. 

Ratio of suckers, average of six in balsam: Oral sucker, length, 
0.503 mm., breadth, 0.588 mm.; ventral sucker, length, 0.875 mm., 
breadth, 0.871 mm. 

From rudderfish: One, immature, collected August 22, 1910; re- 
corded here provisionally. 

Note made at time of collecting: Length, 5 mm.; breadth, 1 mm.; 
thickish, white, smooth, nearly linear, bluntly tapering at each end; 
dark intestine showing through body wall; black contents of excre- 
tory vessel pressed out at excretory pore when cover glass was placed 
on specimen; genitalia not developed. Measurements in balsam: 
Length, 4.34 mm., breadth, 0.70 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.30 mm., 
breadth, 0.838 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.25 mm., breadth, 0.22 mm.; 
ventral sucker, length, 0.46 mm., breadth, 0.53 mm. The intestines 
extend to the posterior end; no trace of genitalia. 


Family HEMIURIDAE Looss, 1907 
Subfamily SCLERODISTOMINAE Odhner, 1927 


Genus HIRUDINELLA Blainville, 1824 
HIRUDINELLA FUSCA (Bosc) 
PLATE 12, Figures 134-144; PLAte 13, Fiaures 145-157 


Distomum clavatum Rudolphi, Linton, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 20, pp. 539, 
540, pl. 53, figs. 8-11 (from Xiphias gladius), 1898; Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. 
for 1899, p. 445 (from Thunnus thynnus), p. 448 (from Xiphias gladius), 
1901. 

Distomum lageniforme LInTon, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 20, pp. 524, 525, pl. 47, 
figs. 1, 2, 1898; Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, from Remora remora, prob- 
ably belongs here. 

Distomum fuscum Poirier (Bosc), Miuiscutae, Zool. Jahrb., vol. 37, pp. 217- 
232, pl. 9, figs. 4-7, 8 figs., 1914. 


TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 111 


Hirudinella clavata (Menzies), Cooper, Trans. Roy. Soc., Canada, ser. 3, vol. 9, 
p. 186 (from Thunnus thynnus), 1915. 

Hirudinella fusca (Poirier, 1885), MANTER, Illinois Biol. Mon., vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 
104-107, figs. 75-79 (from Xiphias gladius), 1926. 

Large distomes belonging to the group represented by Déstomum 
clavatum Rudolphi are here considered. The anatomy of these dis- 
tomes, so far as it is shown by sectioned material from the swordfish, 
horse mackerel, and cutlassfish, is in general agreement with Manter’s 
excellent description of . fusca (Poirier) from the swordfish. 

Externally the distomes from the swordfish exhibit some fairly 
constant differences from those of the horse mackerel. ‘Thus, in dis- 
tomes from the swordfish, the neck in alcoholic specimens is usually 
arched and slender, the body somewhat elongated, increasing in 
diameter from the ventral sucker toward the posterior end, then 
tapering quickly and rather coarsely wrinkled (fig. 184). In dis- 
tomes from the horse mackerel the neck is very short, conical, and 
reflected dorsally ; body, in most cases, cylindrical and crossed by fine 
wrinkles (fig. 185). Forms more or less intermediate, however, occur 
among the distomes from each host. 

These distomes agree in having the opening of the metraterm 
behind the genital papilla. The latter is a very muscular structure 
and in some cases was found to be protruding from the genital pore 
(fig. 188). A large prostate accompanies the more or less coiled or 
folded ejaculatory duct, and is followed posteriorly by the seminal 
vesicle, which is also more or less coiled or folded. The two testes 
are close to the posterior border of the ventral sucker, close together, 
and diagonally placed. The ovary is immediately behind the testes, 
and the shell gland is posterior and ventral to the ovary. The 
tubular vitellaria and folds of the uterus extend from the ventral 
sucker about halfway to the posterior end of the body. An interpre- 
tation of the genital ducts, associated with the shell gland, as shown 
in serial sections of a distome from the swordfish, is given in figures 
151-153. Laurer’s canal approaches the shell gland at its anterodorsal 
border near the ovary. It enlarges to form a relatively small seminal 
receptacle, which has the appearance of being divided into five or six 
compartments. This may represent the more or less coiled portion 
of the empty canal observed in sections of the distome from the cut- 
lassfish (fig. 150). This observation was made on a series of frontal 
sections of a distome which had been flattened at the time of fixation. 
Laurer’s canal, in this series of sections, in its course to the dorsal 
surface, lies near the posterior border of the second testis. 

Structures from the subcuticular layer penetrate the cuticle (fig. 
155). In one series of sections the cuticle was partly macerated and 
presented the appearance of being finely papillate, or spinose. 

Additional details given in notes under the several hosts. 


112 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL, 88 


Hosts.—Histrio pictus, rudderfish (Seriola zonata), horse mackerel 
(Thunnus secundodorsalis), goggler (Trachurops crumenophthalma), 
cutlassfish (Z7'richiurus lepturus), swordfish (Xtphias gladius). 

Record of collections—One, immature (U.S.N.M. No. 8307), col- 
lected September 5, 1919, from Histrio pictus. This specimen, when 
first noted, had been cut into three pieces, one cut passing just behind 
the genital pore, the other a short distance back of the ventral sucker. 
The body was minutely and transversely wrinkled, and pinkish in 
color. Aggregate length, before flattening under pressure, about 8 
mm.; maximum breadth, 3.5 mm. Measurements in balsam: Length, 
13.5 mm.; breadth at oral sucker, 1.54 mm., at ventral sucker, 2.31 
mm., maximum breadth, at 3.5 mm. from the posterior end, 3.5 mm.; 
oral sucker, length, 1.12 mm., breadth, 1.26 mm.; pharynx, length, 
0.84 mm., breadth, 0.91 mm.; diameter of ventral sucker, 1.47 mm.; 
distance between suckers, 2.5 mm. There is no prepharynx. The 
pharynx tapers from a breadth of 0.9 mm. at its anterior end to about 
0.6 mm. at its posterior end. Esophagus short; the voluminous 
intestines reach to the posterior end. The genital pore is at the right 
posterior edge of the pharynx. The genital papilla is about 0.7 mm. 
in length and 0.5 mm. in breadth. The opening of the uterus is not 
clearly shown, but it appears to be behind the genital papilla. The 
testes lie near the posterior edge of the ventral sucker. The left 
testis is subtriangular in outline. Its anterior border is practically 
contiguous to the posterior edge of the ventral sucker, and its 
median end on the median line. The right testis is bluntly slipper 
shaped, its median end contiguous to the posterior median border of 
the left testis. It is broader than long, and at its lateral end is pro- 
longed anteriorly until it is nearly on a level with the anterior edge 
of the left testis. ‘The ovary is a short distance behind the testes on 
the median line. It is much smaller than the testes, subglobular, 
and is surrounded by a rather thick wall. It is made up of a rela- 
tively small number of large, nucleated cells. The rudiment of the 
shell gland lies at the median and posterior border of the ovary. 
The uterus, represented by a slender but well-defined tube, lies in a 
tangled coil on the right side of the ovary, and passes in a wide 
curve back to within 4 mm. of the posterior end, and forward between 
the testes, and dorsal to the ventral sucker, toward the genital pore. 
Certain slender, irregular, threadlike structures in the vicinity of 
the ovary were noted. They may be rudiments of the vitellaria. 

From rudderfish: One, collected September 19, 1912. Measure- 
ments in formalin: Length, 12 mm.; breadth, 6 mm.; thickness, 5 
mm. Neck and suckers pale, yellowish white; body darker and 
crossed by transverse rugae (fig. 137). 


TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 113 


From horse mackerel: Sixteen (U.S.N.M. No. 8310), collected 
June 16, 1911. Note made on formalin material: Much variation in 
size. Measurements, largest: Length of body, 17 mm., of neck, 5 
mm.; diameter of body, 6.7 mm. Smallest, length of body 5 mm., 
of neck, 2.5 mm.; diameter of body, 2.25 mm. In all of these dis- 
tomes both the body and neck were cylindrical, or nearly so, and 
the neck was reflected nearly, and in some cases, quite at right angles 
to the body, in most cases arcuate, but in some straight. 

Four, collected June 28, 1911. Measurements in formalin: 
Largest, length of body, 14 mm., of neck, 3 mm.; diameter of body, 
3 mm. 

Fourteen (U.S.N.M. No. 8310), collected August 8, 1913, from 
stomach of host. Pale, translucent pink to brick red, with dark 
brown intestines showing through the body wall; actively contract- 
ing. Smallest, at rest, length about 15 mm., largest, 30 mm. When 
placed in sea water they exhibited a tendency to adhere to each 
other by their ventral suckers. 

Two, collected July 31, 1914, in stomach of host. 

One (U.S.N.M. No. 8308), collected June 29, 1915. This specimen 
stretched to a length of 40 mm. in sea water, and contracted to 20 
mm. when placed in killing fluid. Measurements of a specimen 
from the horse mackerel mounted in balsam: Length, 14 mm.; 
breadth, 3.25 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.92 mm., breadth, 1.00 mm.; 
breadth of pharynx, 0.56 mm.; ventral sucker, length, 1.82 mm., 
breadth, 1.78 mm. ‘The testes in this specimen, at the posterior edge 
of the ventral sucker, are nearly transverse, their median ends touch- 
ing each other; right testis, length, 0.42 mm., breadth, 0.84 mm.; 
left testis, length, 0.56 mm., breadth, 0.84 mm.; each testis tapers 
laterally from its median end. Ovary close to posterior edge of 
testes, median, its anterior edge convex, posterior edge nearly 
straight; length, 0.14 mm., breadth, 0.48 mm. The intestines are 
voluminous, filled with dark-colored food material, and extend to 
the posterior end of the body. In a series of cross sections (thick- 
ness about 0.016 mm.) numbering about 776, the first trace of vitella- 
ria is in the 237th section, and the last in the 538th. The voluminous 
uterus, filled with enormous numbers of eggs, extends from a point 
dorsal to the posterior edge of the ventral sucker, at about the 209th 
section, to about the 510th section. Ova, about 0.086 by 0.024 mm. 
The genital ducts associated with the shell gland agree closely with 
the interpretation of sectioned material from the swordfish. In these 
sections from the horse mackerel, however, the early folds of the 
uterus contain sperm. The genital papilla, ejaculatory duct, pros- 
tate, and metraterm in the distomes from the swordfish and horse 


mackerel agree. In each the prostate is voluminous (figs. 138, 154), 
15559940 8 


114 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88 


The genital pore, as shown in sections, is on a level with the 
pharynx. In a series of cross sections of a distome in which the 
genital papilla is retracted, the genital pore is ventral to the pos- 
terior end of the oral sucker. It is small and occupies only three 
sections (thickness of sections about 0.016 mm.). The genital atrium 
is represented by a duct, vertical diameter 0.11 mm., transverse 
diameter, 0.22 mm., which continues in 47 sections, when it expands 
at the genital papilla. At the thirteenth section back of the first 
appearance of the genital papilla, the metraterm, with its thick, 
muscular wall first appears. 

From goggler: One, immature (U.S.N.M. No. 8309), collected 
August 17, 1913, from cyst on intestine. This distome, when re- 
moved from the cyst, was subspherical, translucent, with a faint 
tinge of pink; intestines dark brown. 

Measurements in balsam: Length, 3.4 mm.; maximum breadth, 
2.24 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.46 mm., breadth, 0.49 mm.; diameter 
of pharynx, 0.28 mm.; ventral sucker, length, 0.74 mm., breadth, 0.88 
mm. ‘The body is strongly contracted, and the voluminous intestines, 
containing dark brown granular material, conceal whatever rudi- 
ments of genitalia may be present. 

From cutlassfish: One, collected July 1, 1903, from stomach of 
host. Note on alcoholic specimen: Neck short, arched; body plump, 
crossed by fine wrinkles; length, 17 mm.; breadth, 8 mm.; thickness, 
6.5 mm.; breadth of neck at base, 4 mm., at level of oral sucker, 2.5 
mm. Mr. Edwards reported that the worm when living was elon- 
gated but contracted when placed in alcohol. 

The anatomy, as revealed by a series of cross sections, agrees closely 
with Manter’s description and figures of H. fusca. Details of the 
genital ducts in the vicinity of the shell gland, as interpreted from 
sections, are shown in figure 150. The ova are not of uniform size, 
and are somewhat smaller than those in the distome from the sword- 
fish and horse mackerel. The largest noted measured 0.036 by 0.027 
mm.; average dimensions of eight of the larger ova were 0.028 by 
0.021 mm. 

The prostatic portion of the ejaculatory duct is nearly straight, 
thus differing from the distomes of the swordfish and horse mackerel 
in which it is more or less coiled. The ejaculatory duct, surrounded 
by prostatic cells, enters the muscular genital papilla near the dorsal 
side of the neck, extends back for a short distance, about 35 sections 
of the series, along the dorsal region, then, at about section 130, turns 
abruptly ventrad to the seminal vesicle at about the middle of the 
length of the ventral sucker. The seminal vesicle, sections 115-158 
of the series, is tubular and loosely coiled, as many as six divisions 
of it appearing in a single section. The first (left) testis begins 
dorsal to the posterior edge of the ventral sucker, and occupies sec- 


TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON Lb5 


tions 202-242. The right testis lies close beside the left in sections 
215-231. The ovary is subglobular and lies close to the testes on 
their ventral border in sections 231-244. The tubular vitellaria ap- 
pear in sections 197-804, which is from the posterior margin of the 
ventral sucker to a point a short distance back of the middle of the 
length of the body. The uterus, exclusive of the slender anterior 
portion, metraterm, begins anteriorly dorsal to the posterior border 
of the ventral sucker and extends back to about the middle of the 
length of the body. Its voluminous folds are filled with enormous 
numbers of small ova. The metraterm, opening behind the genital 
papilla, at about section 80, passes back for a short distance on the 
ventral side of the ejaculatory duct and prostate, as a muscular- 
walled duct surrounded by gland cells. At section 113 it turns ab- 
ruptly ventrad in front of a similar ventral turn of the ejaculatory 
duct. At section 117 the metraterm, now near the dorsal border of 
the ventral sucker, and with still a rather thick muscular wall, but 
without gland cells, passes back as a straight duct ventral to the 
seminal vesicle, to about the 193rd section, where it becomes convo- 
luted, and is filled with ova. Ova occur also in the straight portion, 
but not uninterruptedly. 

This specimen was somewhat macerated, giving to the cuticle in 
some places the appearance of being finely papillate. 

From swordfish: Two, collected July 15, 1904, from stomach. 
Length, 25 mm.; diameter of neck, 1.5 mm., of body at level of ven- 
tral sucker, 4.5 mm.; maximum diameter, 6.5 mm. Color pink to 
reddish, with dark blotches, due to contents of intestine; coarse 
transverse wrinkles on ventral side of posterior half of the body. 
While the specimen was under examination many elongated, cylin- 
drical egg masses were ejected from the genital pore behind the oral 
sucker; largest ova, 0.036 by 0.025 mm. 

One, collected July 20, 1904, from stomach. General color brick 
red, intestines showing as black lines. Neck very actively contractile, 
changing rapidly from 2 to 10 mm. in length. The body did not 
show much activity. Length, when fixed in alcohol, 8.5 mm. 

Two, collected July 18, 1911, from stomach. Color of body 
magenta, black intestines showing through body wall; neck paler, 
oral sucker whitish. Specimen, after lying in sea water over night, 
measured 28 mm. in length; body nearly cylindrical, 5 mm. in diame- 
ter; neck actively extending and contracting, stretching to 9 mm. or 
more, when it became quite slender. 

Twenty-five, collected July 20, 1912, from stomach; pink to brick 
red; length of largest in life over 30 mm. Largest in alcohol: 
Length, 24 mm.; breadth, 7 mm.; thickness, 5.8 mm.; smallest, length, 
11 mm.; breadth, 2.5 mm. 


116 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88 


Twenty-two (U.S.N.M. No. 8312) collected August 8, 1927, from 
stomach of host; 10 to 86 mm. in length; pale pink to brick red; 
necks in some translucent; intestine filled with black material. 


Subfamily DEROGENETINAE Odhner, 1927 
Genus DEROGENES Liihe, 1900 


DEROGENES VARICUS (Miiller) 
PLATE 12, FicurREs 128-1383 


Derogenes varicus (Miiller), Nrcotn, Parasitology, vol. 3, p. 3848, 1910.—MAnNTER, 


a =i 


Journ. Parasit., vol. 18, p. 17, 1925; Illinois Biol. Mon., vol. 10, no. 2, p. 103, 
fig. 57, 1926.—FUHRMANN, Handb. Zool., vol. 2, p. 109, fig. 133, 1928. 


This species was found by Manter in 6 species of marine fishes. 
Nicoll reports it from 19 species of British marine fishes. Although 
recorded from a large number of hosts it is reported to occur only 
in small numbers. 

Three specimens, one from each of three species of fishes, in the 
collection from Woods Hole fishes appear to belong to this species. 
The anatomy is incompletely shown in each, but so far as it is shown 
the agreement with this species is close. 

Hosts—Common codfish (Gadus morrhua), flasher (Lobotes sur- 
inamensis), fishingfrog (Lophius piscatorius). 

Record of collections—One (U.S.N.M. No. 8313), from common 
codfish, collected December 13, 1894, associated with 52 specimens of 
Hemiurus levinseni. Measurements in balsam: Length, 1.56 mm.; 
breadth, 0.39 mm.; diameter of oral sucker, 0.19 mm., pharynx, 0.09 
mm., ventral sucker, 0.33 mm.; ova, 0.054 by 0.033 mm., shells thick; 
distance from anterior end to ventral sucker, 0.77 mm., from posterior 
end to ventral sucker 0.63 mm.; many of ova capped at one end. 

From flasher: One (U.S.N.M. No. 8314), collected September 1, 
1910. Measurements in balsam: Length, 2.00 mm., breadth, at level of 
ventral sucker, 0.53 mm., elsewhere from 0.28 to 0.42 mm.; oral sucker, 
length, 0.18 mm., breadth, 0.21 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.11 mm., 
breadth, 0.10 mm.; ventral sucker, length, 0.36 mm., breadth, 0.39 
mm.; ova, average of ten, 0.051 by 0.036 mm., largest about 0.054 mm. 
by 0.036 mm., shells thick; anterior end to ventral sucker, 0.98 mm. 
There appears to be but one vitelline gland, posterior to the ovary on 
the right side. The anterior end was very mobile in the living worm. 

From fishingfrog: One (U.S.N.M. No. 8315), collected August 30, 
1920. Measurements in balsam: Length, 1.19 mm.; breadth, 0.36 
mm.; diameter oral sucker, 0.14 mm., pharynx, 0.06 mm., ventral 
sucker, 0.28 mm.; ova, average of six, 0.047 by 0.032 mm., largest 
0.054 by 0.039, shells thick; distance from anterior end to the ventral 
sucker, 0.59 mm.; few ova capped. 


TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON Diy 


Genus GENARCHES Looss, 1902 


GENARCHES MULLERI (Levinsen) 


PLATE 22, FicuRES 298, 299; PLATE 23, FicurE 300 


Distomum mulleri LEvINsEN, Overs. Danske Vidensk. Selks. Forh., 1881, p. 56, 
pl. 2, fig. 3. 

Progonus mulleri (Levinsen), Looss, Zool. Jahrb., vol. 12, p. 642, 1899. 

Genarches miilleri (Levinsen), Looss, Zool. dahrb., vol. 16, p. 732, 1902— 
OpuHNER, Die Trematoden des arktischen Gebietes, Fauna Arctica, vol. 4, pp. 
365, 366, pl. 4, figs. 8, 9, 1905. 

Three, fusiform, rusty, yellowish-red distomes from the lumpfish 
are referred to this species. On account of the large number of eggs 
in each of them, but few details of the anatomy can be made out. 

The body is smooth, ventral sucker much larger than oral and situ- 
ated about the middle, or a little back of the middle; pharynx much 
smaller than the oral sucker; no prepharynx; esophagus very short, 
genital pore median, at posterior end of pharynx; cirrus short, 
smooth; cirrus pouch small, a little behind the pharynx; seminal ves- 
icle posterior to the cirrus pouch; testes at posterior border of ventral 
sucker, nearly opposite; vitelline glands two, subglobular, opposite, 
near posterior end; ovary to right of median line at the anterior bor- 
der of the right vitelline gland; seminal receptacle behind the ovary 
and between the vitellaria. The thick-shelled ova fill the greater part 
of the body from the posterior end to the genital pore. Ova, 0.048 to 
0.054 mm. by 0.033 mm., in balsam. 


TABLE 28.—Measurements of two specimens of Genarches miilleri in balsam 


Measurement 1! 2? 
Mm Mm. 
Teng hes, EEO A Ce ALL A OCHA CHR B'S PRCA RS EEN Par he 2. 34 2. 52 
Bure the sects bb sls oP Aan Rtas cee We ae BRD RE Ue git EP Die 2 7 66 
Anterior ena tolventral sucker - oe oe ee ee . 94 1.17 
Oralisnckerilength 5 seee oo sere ee 2d, eee ee eee eT eat. ye eee Pee .29 .24 
Oralisuckersbreadther ee neste ee PE Ve SORE ra ree ee Ue ene oe _ . 29 31 
IPhanynx lengths ee ib i ais 9 a ee ee ea ee ey 07 .07 
Phan presathy (ie ees eye Vile Vetere ee ee ene tar A ae eed: .10 
Mentralisuckerslongth ss: bese) aes bs aio 2. ee Eee . 49 42 
Wentralisucker breadth is ases ic ee ak NB career ee .49 35 
1 Ventral view. 2 Lateral view. 


GENARCHES INFIRMUS, new species 
PLATE 23, FIGURES 301, 302 


Smooth, fusiform, greatest diameter about at level of ventral 
sucker; neck somewhat elongated, ventral sucker, except when the 
neck is contracted, being but little in front of the middle; oral 


118 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you. 88 


sucker subterminal, with a tuberclelike prolongation of the body in 
front; no prepharynx; pharynx about half the diameter of the oral 
sucker, or less. In most cases the esophagus appeared to be shorter 
than the pharynx, on account of the very contractile neck, but in the 
specimen sketched, fig. 3801, the esophagus is longer than the pharynx, 
and has rather thick walls. The genital pore is on the median line 
behind the forking of the intestine; cirrus smooth; cirrus pouch 
elongate, fusiform, enclosing cells of the prostate and, at its posterior 
end, the seminal vesicle. The posterior end of the cirrus pouch is 
at the anterior edge of the ventral sucker, or slightly overlapping 
it dorsally. Testes near posterior edge of ventral sucker, diagonally 
placed; ovary behind testes and in front of the two vitellaria, which 
are near the posterior end, and transverse, or, In some cases slightly 
diagonal. The uterus extends from the level of the vitellaria to the 
ventral sucker; ova about 0.04 by 0.02 mm. 


Tasty 29.—Measurements of five specimens of Genarches infirmus in balsam 


Measurements i 2 3 4 5 


Mm. Mm. | Mm. | Mm. Mm. 


TCO PUN eee ee nnn se epee ne ee eee ape 2.00 1.89 1. 68 2. 00 eal 
Breadth; level oforalisuckera= 255. ee sea . 08 =? 215 .14 15 
Breadth; leveltof ventral /sueker-2 2 ara _f sees ees Pees «30 . 28 whe . 42 .35 
Breadth; NosM Posterior. Cl Ges=-- 20s. =p ease oe ee eee - 08 .10 malS Stil . 08 
Oral sucker Ven gti 2220s 2 Saha eae et LISLE en A ee eeaee SDA -15 12 14 12 md 
Oralisucker, breadth... suse") 2b eases ately pk ee see . 14 a2 - 14 13 14 
IPharynx, leno thease aorta ne eee eee Meee eee ose 07 . 06 . 06 . 06 -07 
iPharynx} breadth yes. 3. Ss eee ee eee - 07 . 07 . 07 07 . 08 
Mentralisiickerenethes 25 Ua sede ee ele ee . 29 21 . 26 . 24 . 29 
Ventralisnckery bread tht oe oe apes ek ee .27 . 29 . 29 - 28 . 28 


Ova, 0.036 by 0.018 to 0.042 by 0.021 mm. 


Type specimens.—U.S.N.M. No. 8317 (holotype and paratypes). 

Host.—Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tschawytscha). 

Record of collections —Kight (U.S.N.M. No. 8817), collected May 
17, 1898, from stomach of young salmon. Pinole, San Pablo Bay, 
California. 

Six, collected November 17, 1898, from stomach of young salmon. 
Battle Creek, California. 


GENARCHES species 
PLATE 23, FicuRES 303, 304 


Body smooth, long oval-elliptical, not differing much in breadth 
throughout, bluntly rounded at each end; ventral sucker approxi- 
mately twice the diameter of the oral sucker; pharynx about half 
the diameter of the oral sucker; no prepharynx; esophagus, if any, 


TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 119 


very short; rami of intestine extend to posterior end of body. Gen- 
ital pore behind oral sucker; cirrus pouch short, with thick walls, 
partly overlapping anterior edge of ventral sucker ; testes obscured by 
the ova, but appear to be not far back of the ventral sucker, and 
nearly transverse; ovary behind testes, on right side of the median 
line; vitellaria two, opposite, behind the ovary and near the posterior 
end; ova scattered through the postacetabular region, from near the 
posterior end to the ventral sucker; shells of ova not much collapsed. 

Measurements in balsam: Length, 1.05 mm.; breadth, at level of 
oral sucker, 0.21 mm., at level of ventral sucker, 0.38 mm., maximum 
0.39 mm.; oral sucker, diameter, 0.17 mm.; pharynx, diameter about 
0.07 mm.; ventral sucker, length, 0.28 mm., breadth, 0.34 mm.; ova, 
average of 10, 0.040 by 0.023 mm. 

Host.—Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tschawytscha). 

Two distomes (U.S.N.M. No. 8318) found on slide with specimens 
of Genarches infirmus. 

Measurements of smaller specimen: Length, 0.84 mm.; breadth, at 
level of oral sucker, 0.15 mm., at level of ventral sucker, 0.28 mm.; 
diameter of oral sucker, 0.12 mm., of pharynx, 0.06 mm., of ventral 
sucker, 0.23 mm.; ova, 0.039 by 0.039 by 0.018 mm., to 0.042 by 
0.021 mm. 


Subfamily HEMIURINAE Looss, 1899 


Genus HEMIURUS Rudolphi, 1809 
HEMIURUS APPENDICULATUS (Rudolphi) 


PLATE 8, Figures 68-74 


Distomum appendiculatum Rudolphi, Linton, Bull, U. S. Fish Comm., for 1899, 
p. 289, 1900; ibid., p. 415, 1901 (list of hosts with page references). 


The small appendiculate distomes referred to this species have been 
found in many species of fishes in the Woods Hole region. 

Their frequent occurrence in young fishes which feed on the inter- 
mediate hosts of this distome (copepods, etc.), and which themselves 
in turn become the food of a variety of fishes, doubtless accounts for 
the wide distribution of the species. 

The following description from notes made on material from the 
herring (Clupea harengus) applies in general to forms from other 
hosts. Additional data will be found in the record of collections. 

Body more or less fusiform, crossed anteriorly by fine lines produc- 
ing serrate margins. These annulations are rather faintly shown on 
many of the smaller specimens. So far as my material shows, the 
appendix, when fully extended, is about half the length of the body. 
The oral and ventral suckers are near together, and the diameter of 


120 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88 


the ventral sucker is about twice that of the oral. The diameter of 
the pharynx is about half that of the oral sucker. There is no esoph- 
agus, and the intestinal rami extend to the posterior end of the 
appendix. The genital pore is at the posterior margin of the oral 
sucker. ‘The seminal vesicle is behind the ventral sucker and in front 
of the testes, which are near together and diagonally placed. The 
ovary and vitellaria are situated toward the posterior end of the body 
and are separated from the testes by folds of the uterus. The ovary 
is more or less oval in outline, the longer diameter transverse. The 
two vitellaria lie at the posterior margin of the ovary, and, so far as 
observed in material from the herring, they appear to be but little 
lobed. The folds of the uterus were observed to enter the appendix 
for a short distance. The ova measure about 0.024 by 0.014 mm. in 
the two principal diameters. In balsam mounts the ova are usually 
collapsed and much crowded together. 

Hosts—Filefish (Ceratacanthus schoepfi), menhaden (Brevoortia 
tyrannus), common herring (Clupea harengus), round herring (Ltru- 
meus sadina), common eastern stickleback (Gladiunculus bispinosus) , 
rudderfish (Palinurichthys perciformis), summer flounder (Para- 
lichihys dentatus), pollack (Pollachias virens), glut herring (Pomo- 
lobus aestivalis), hickory shad (Pomolobus mediocris), alewife (Po- 
molobus pseudoharengus), winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes amer- 
icanus), common mackerel (Scomber scombrus), rudderfish (Seriola 
zonata), common scup (Stendéomus chrysops), striped anchovy (An- 
choviella epsetus), lizardfish (Synodus foetens), canner (7 autogola- 
brus adspersus), codling (Urophycis tenuis). 

Record of collections —From filefish: One, collected August 7, 1905. 
Measurements in balsam: Length, 1.54 mm.; breadth, 0.35 mm.; 
diameter oral sucker, 0.06 mm., pharynx, 0.04 mm., ventral sucker, 
0.15 mm.; ova, 0.021 by 0.012 mm. 

From menhaden: One, coilected August 26, 1903; immature, very 
active, length varying from 0.6 to 1.2 mm.; excretory vessel filled with 
spherical bodies; seminal vesicle filled with sperm. One, collected 
July 11, 1905; measurements in balsam: Length 1.18 mm., breadth 
0.19 mm.; length of appendix, 0.45 mm.; diameter of oral sucker 0.06 
mm., pharynx 0.04 mm., ventral sucker 0.11 mm.; ova about 0.024 by 
0.012 mm. 

From common herring: Two, collected August 14, 1905; length 
0.8 mm.; ova 0.024 by 0.012 mm. One hundred and fifteen distomes 
(U.S.N.M. No. 8319) collected July 1 to August 29, 1919, from 20 
small fish, measuring from 40 to 85 mm. in length; smallest number 
in one fish one, largest number in one fish 20; some adult with ova. 
Three, collected July 17, 1920, from a 75-mm. fish. One, collected 
July 17, 1920, from a 75-mm. fish. Two, collected August 17, from a 
60-mm. fish. 


TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON rai 


From round herring: Small appendiculate distomes were found in 
young round herring in 1908 on two dates in July and on five dates 
in August. Ten distomes were obtained from 110 fishes. Six of 
these distomes, all immature, belong to the species H. appendiculatus. 
Measurements of one in balsam: Length, 0.58 mm.; breadth, 0.11 mm. ; 
diameter of oral sucker, 0.03 mm., of pharynx, 0.015 mm., of ventral 
sucker, 0.06 mm. (U.S.N.M. No. 8820). 

From common eastern stickleback: One, collected July 20, 1910. 
Measurements in life: Length, 1.68 mm.; breadth, 0.22 mm.; diameter 
of oral sucker, 0.07 mm., of pharynx, 0.05 mm., of ventral sucker, 0.18 
mm.; ova, 0.027 by 0.012 mm. 

From rudderfish (Palinurichthys perciformis): Several (U.S. 
N.M.) No. 8821), collected August 6, 1904. Measurements in 
balsam: Length, including appendix, 1 mm., breadth, 0.17 mm.; di- 
ameter of oral sucker, 0.05 mm., pharynx, 0.02 mm., ventral sucker, 
0.09 mm.; ova, 0.02 by 0.01 mm. 

Four, immature, collected August 19, 1929. (1) Measurements in 
balsam, including appendix, 1.96 mm., breadth, 0.28 mm.; diameter 
oral sucker, 0.04 mm., pharynx, 0.02 mm., ventral sucker, 0.07 mm. 
(2) Length, 1.75 mm.; breadth, 0.50 mm.; diameter oral sucker, 0.2 
mm., pharynx, 0.01 mm., ventral sucker, 0.04 mm. 

From common mackerel: One, collected August 3, 1905. 

From rudderfish (Seriola zonata): Two (U.S.N.M. No. 83827), 
collected August 16, 1910. Measurements, balsam: Length, includ- 
ing appendix, 1.47 mm.; breadth, 0.25 mm.; diameter oral sucker, 
0.06 mm., of pharynx, 0.03 mm., of ventral sucker, 0.12 mm.; ova, 
collapsed, about 0.024 by 0.012 mm. <A note, made at the time of 
collecting these distomes, states that sperm was seen rotating rapidly 
in the seminal receptacle, in anticlockwise fashion. The specimen 
was presumably being observed from the ventral side. 

Four, collected August 19, 1929. Measurements in agreement with 
the foregoing. 

From summer flounder: One, collected July 20, 1904. One, col- 
lected August 15, 1906. 

From pollack: One (U.S.N.M. No. 8322), collected August 19, 
1908. Measurements, life: Length, not including appendix, 2.17 mm.; 
breadth, 0.42 mm.; diameter oral sucker, 0.07 mm., pharynx, 0.04 mm., 
ventral sucker, 0.17 mm.; ova, 0.027 by 0.010 mm. Length in balsam, 
1.40 mm. 

From glut herring: Fifty or more, collected September 6, 1910. 
Lengths from 0.5 mm. to 2.25 mm., all with ova. Measurements of 
one, life, compressed, appendix retracted, 1.68 mm., breadth, 0.53 
mm.; diameter oral sucker, 0.08 mm., pharynx, 0.04 mm., ventral 
sucker, 0.19 mm., ova 0.027 by 0.010 mm., slightly reniform. 

Forty (U.S.N.M. No. 8323), collected September 18, 1913. 


122 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88 


From hickory shad: One hundred and fifty, collected August 15, 
1906, from intestine of one fish. 

Fifty-five (U.S.N.M. No. 8324), collected September 5, 1918, from 
one fish. Measurements, balsam: Length, including appendix, 1.43 
mm.; breadth, 0.32 mm.; length of appendix, 0.53 mm.; diameter 
oral sucker, 0.08 mm., pharynx, 0.04 mm., ventral sucker, 0.19 mm.; 
ova, collapsed and crowded together, about 0.024 by 0.012 mm. 

From alewife: One, collected July 26, 1906. One (U.S.N.M. No. 
8325), collected August 30, 1910. 

Eight distomes from this host in old collection, in balsam, have 
an average length of 1.88 mm.; average length of body, 1.25 mm.; of 
appendix, 0.63 mm.; maximum length, 2.59 mm., minimum, 1.24 mm. 
Measurements of one in balsam: Length, including appendix, 2.56 
mm.; breadth, 0.36 mm.; diameter oral sucker, 0.07 mm., pharynx, 
0.04 mm., ventral sucker, 0.14 mm.; ova, collapsed and crowded, about 
0.024 by 0.012. At the time of collecting, sperm was noted in rapid 
rotary motion in the seminal receptacle, while quiescent sperm filled 
the early portion of the uterus at the posterior border of the ovary. 

Note on distomes found in the food of young alewives, August 27, 
1920: Thirty distomes were counted in a small bit of debris from 
the intestine of a 50-mm. fish; length of distomes about 0.83 mm. 
One hundred and fifty were counted in the bottom of a dish in 
which the contents of the stomach and intestine of a 57-mm. alewife 
had been washed; lengths of distomes from 0.35 to 0.70 mm. Others 
were noted in a 57%, a 65, and a 72-mm. fish. Measurements of one 
in balsam: Length, 0.36 mm.; breadth, 0.14 mm.; diameter of oral 
sucker, 0.06 mm., ventral sucker, 0.09 mm.; ova, 0.021 by 0.012 mm. 

From winter flounder: Following is a summary of appendiculate 
distomes referred to the species H. appendiculatus, noted while exam- 
ining young winter flounders for their food: 


TABLE 30.—Record of distomes of Hemiurus appendiculatus from young 
Pseudopleuronectes americanus 


Total 


Fishes examined Date collected Length of fishes ps Fishes seined 
omes 
Mm. 
1 aT ie a Pei Tuly2rolbe | eee 28\tO 802k ee 11,193 | Katama Bay. 
Bre teres oun oseeainn September 9, 1915___..____.- Mee ee ee eee ie 21 | Sheep-pen Cove, 
Bee Se Eee ee September 14, 1915_._______- 62)ton 282205 fe Ska 31} Great Harbor. 
NDR ae het Le OctoberjlOj1015 se eee S20 24. oe ee 41 | Quisset Harbor. 


1 Worms mainly from stomachs; smallest number in a single host 3, in a 37-mm. fish; largest number ip 
a single host 317, in a 30-mm. fish. 

1 From a 72-mm. fish. 

3 From a 62-mm. fish. 

4 From a 120-mm. fish. 


TREMATODES FROM FISHES—-LINTON 123 


Two hundred and sixty-eight collected July 28, 1916, from 12 of 
14 fishes, 45 to 74 mm. in length, mainly from stomach; smallest 
number from one host 2, from a 62-mm. fish; largest number from 
one host 75, from a 54-mm. fish. Measurements of one in balsam: 
Length, appendix retracted, 0.87 mm.; breadth, 0.24 mm.; diameter 
of oral sucker, 0.08 mm., of pharynx, 0.05 mm., of ventral sucker, 
0.16 mm.; ova, 0.022 by 0.010 mm. | 

From common scup: One, immature, collected August 19, 1919, 

from a 36-mm. fish. Measurements, in balsam: Length of body, 
0.63 mm.; of appendix, 0.28 mm.; breadth, 0.14 mm.; diameter of 
oral sucker, 0.04 mm., of pharynx, 0.02 mm., of ventral sucker, 0.08 
mm. 
From striped anchovy: Numerous, collected August 15, 1906. 
These distomes agree with distomes found in the hickory shad 
(Pomolobus mediocris) on the same date, but were smaller. Speci- 
mens mounted in balsam are from 0.7 to 0.84 mm. in length, not 
including the appendix. Measurements in balsam, lateral view: 
Length, 0.84 mm.; breadth, 0.18 mm.; diameter of oral sucker, 0.045 
mm., of pharynx, 0.027 mm., of ventral sucker, 0.09 mm.; ova about 
0.024 by 0.012 mm. 

From lizardfish: Three (U.S.N.M. No. 8328), collected September 
11, 1928; 15 fishes, from 87 to 137 mm. in length, examined. Meas- 
urements in balsam: Length, including appendix, 1.17 mm.; length 
of appendix, 0.85 mm.; breadth, 0.24 mm.; diameter of oral sucker, 
0.05 mm., of pharynx, 0.03 mm., of ventral sucker, 0.10 mm.; ova, 
0.024 by 0.009 mm. 

From cunner: One, immature, collected June 30, 1919, from a 12- 
millimeter cunner. The distome was actively contractile, varying 
in length from 0.37 to 0.90 mm. 

From codling: One, collected October 29, 1914. Measurements 
in formalin: Length, 2.4 mm., breadth, 0.45 mm.; length of appen- 
dix, 1 mm.; diameter of oral sucker, 0.08 mm.; ventral sucker, 0.17 
mm.; ova, 0.028 by 0.011 mm. Length in balsam, 1.76 mm. 

Four, collected July 20, 1929; 3 fishes examined. 

Twenty-two (U.S.N.M. No. 8329), collected August 7, 1929, from 
one fish. 

HEMIURUS LEVINSENI Odhner 


PLATE 8, Ficurres 75-77 


Distomum ocreaium Molin (part), Linton, Bull. U. S, Fish Comm. for 1899, 
p. 288, pl. 35, fig. 19, 1900. 

Hemiurus levenseni ODHNER, Die Trematoden des arktischen Gebietes, Fauna 
Arctica, vol. 4, pp. 348-351, pl. 4, fig. 2, 1905.—Mantrr, Illinois Biol. Mon., 
vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 92, 93, figs. 62, 63, 1926. 

Hermiurus levinsenii Odhner, MANTER, Journ. Parasit., vol. 12, p. 13, 1925. 


124 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vOL, 88 


This species, which resembles H. appendiculatus in many of its 
characters, differs from that species markedly in the relative size of 
the suckers. Whereas the diameter of the ventral sucker in ZH. 
appendiculatus is about twice that of the oral sucker, in H. levinseni 
the suckers are nearly equal, the oral sucker often being slightly 
larger than the ventral. 

Hosis——Lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus), common codfish (Gadus 
morrhua), tilefish (Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps), whiting (Mer- 
luccius bilinearis), pollack (Pollachius virens), codling (Urophyecis 
chuss). 

Record of collections—One (U.S.N.M. No. 8330), collected July 
10, 1926, from lumpfish. Measurements in balsam: Length, 1.26 
mm., breadth, 0.53 mm.; diameter of oral sucker, 0.15 mm., of 
pharynx, 0.07 mm., of ventral sucker, 0.13 mm.; ova, much crowded 
and difficult to measure, about 0.018 by 0.012 mm. 

From common codfish: Fifty-three (U.S.N.M. No. 8331), col- 
lected December 13, 1894, from one cod. Measurements in formalin: 
Length, 2.73 mm.; breadth, 0.41 mm.; diameter of oral sucker, 0.22 
mm., of pharynx, 0.11 mm., of ventral sucker, 0.22 mm.; ova, 0.025 
by 0.014 mm. Average of six in balsam, lengths from 1.26 to 2.03 
mm.: Length, 1.71 mm.; breadth, 0.89 mm.; diameter of oral sucker, 
0.20 mm., of pharynx, 0.10 mm., of ventral sucker, 0.19 mm.; length 
of appendage, 0.26 mm.; ova, 0.024 by 0.012 mm. 

One, collected December 21, 1903; 30 fishes examined. Five, col- 
lected July 15, 1926; 4 fishes examined. 

The eggs in most of these distomes from the cod are not collapsed 
and appear to be distinctly larger than those in the distomes from 
the pollack, etc. In one of the mounted specimens, however, some 
of the eggs are collapsed and resemble those in distomes from other 
hosts rather closely. 

From tilefish: Distomwm ocreatum Molin, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. 
for 1899, p. 472, 1901. One of the larger specimens from this host 
(U.S.N.M. No. 8332) has the following dimensions, in balsam: 
Length, 2.38 mm., breadth, 0.42 mm.; diameter of oral sucker, 0.21 
mm., pharynx, 0.10 mm., ventral sucker, 0.21 mm.; ova, 0.023 by 
0.012. The seminal vesicle was not seen distinctly to be in two 
sections, and the prostate begins a little in front of the ventral 
sucker, 

From whiting: One, collected July 23, 1923. Measurements, bal- 
sam: Length, 0.98 mm., breadth, 0.25 mm.; diameter of oral sucker, 
0.12 mm., of pharynx, 0.06 mm., of ventral sucker, 0.10 mm.; ova 
crowded and collapsed, about 0.018 by 0.009 mm. 

One (U.S.N.M. No. 8333), collected July 15, 1924. Measurements, 
balsam: Length, 140 mm. (posterior end missing); breadth, 0.30 


TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 125 


mm.; diameter oral sucker, 0.18 mm., of pharynx, 0.08 mm., of ventral 
sucker, 0.15 mm.; ova, 0.021 by 0.012 mm. 

From pollack: One (U.S.N.M. No. 8334), collected July 31, 1924. 
Measurements in balsam: Length, appendix retracted, 1.54 mm.; 
breadth, 0.57 mm.; diameter of oral sucker, 0.17 mm., of pharynx, 0.98 
mm., of ventral sucker, 0.13 mm.; ova, much crowded and collapsed, 
about 0.018 by 0.012 mm. The prostate appears to begin slightly in 
front of the ventral sucker, but the neck of the specimen is strongly 
contracted. If the neck were straightened the anterior prostatic cells 
would be about on a level with the anterior border of the ventral 
sucker. 

In the distomes from both the whiting and pollack the seminal 
vesicle was in two sections, characteristic of the species. 

From codling: One, collected August 19, 1910. 


HEMIURUS species 


Host.—Mousefish (Histrio pictus). 

Record of collections—One (U.S.N.M. No. 8355), immature, col- 
lected September 5, 1919. Measurements, life: Length, 0.60 mm., 
breadth, 0.21 mm.; diameter of oral sucker, 0.10 mm., of ventral 
sucker, 0.14 mm. Cuticle smooth, intestinal rami voluminous, ap- 
pendix short, retracted. 

Measurements in balsam: Length, 0.84 mm.; breadth, 0.24 mm.; 
diameter of oral sucker, 0.10 mm., of pharynx, 0.05 mm., of ventral 
sucker, 0.14 mm. 


Genus BRACHYPHALLUS Odhner, 1905 
BRACHYPHALLUS CRENATUS (Rudolphi) 


PLATE 11, FicurEs 109-120 


Distomum ocreatum Molin, Linton, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 20, pp. 514, 515 
pl. 42, fig. 12 (from Pomotomus saltatri#), 1898; in Linton, Bull. U. S. Fish 
Comm. for 1899, p. 288, figs. 16, 17 (not fig. 19) (from Pollachias virens), 
1900. 

Hemiurus crenatus (Rudolphi), LANDER, Contr. Harvard College, No. 148, pp. 
1-28, 4 pls., 1904. 

Brachypallus crenatus (Rudolphi), OptNner, Die Trematoden des arktischen 
Gebietes, Fauna Arctica, pp. 352, 353, pl. 4, figs. 3-5, 1905.—Looss, Zool. 
Jahrb., vol. 26, pp. 158, 159, figs. 64, 65, 1907.—Manrrr, Journ. Parasit., vol. 
12, p. 13, 1925; Illinois Biol. Mon., vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 94, 95, fig. 53, 1926. 

Brachyphallus affinis (=B. crenatus C. H. Lander, 1904) Looss, Zool. Jahrb., 
vol. 26, pp. 158, 159, 1907. 


The distomes referred to this species in this report are characterized 
by having a nearly linear body which is crossed by fine lines pro- 
ducing sharply serrate margins in robust specimens; in many cases 


126 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88 


the serrations are faint, or have disappeared entirely. The oral 
and ventral suckers are nearly equal and are separated from each 
other by a space approximately equal to the diameter of one of them. 
The diameter of the pharynx is about half that of the oral sucker. 
Prepharynx and esophagus none, intestinal rami extend to end of 
appendix. The genital pore is on the midventral line about half- 
way between the oral and ventral suckers. The cirrus-pouch is 
short, and the seminal vesicle is dorsal to the anterior border of the 
ventral sucker. The two testes are close behind the ventral sucker, 
near together, and slightly diagonal; they vary from circular to 
oval-elliptical in outline. The ovary is situated toward the posterior 
end of the body proper, and is usually oval-elliptical in outline, with 
the longer diameter transverse. The vitellaria lie immediately be- 
hind the ovary. They are lobed, and while there is considerable 
variation in the lobation, the right one was usually three-lobed and 
the left two-lobed. 

The seminal receptacle and shell gland lie behind the ovary be- 
tween the vitellaria. The folds of the uterus are voluminous and 
fill the body between the ventral sucker and ovary; folds of the 
uterus extend back of the ovary and vitelline glands but were not 
observed to enter the appendix. Ova, in balsam, about 0.024 mm. by 
0.012 mm. 

The above description is based on specimens from the eel. 

Hosts—Sand launce (Ammodytes americanus), American eel 
(Anguilla rostrata), common herring (Clupea harengus), sea raven 
(Hemitripterus americanus), fishingfrog (Lophius piscatorius), sil- 
versides (Menidia notata), kingfish (Menticirrhus saaxatilis), silver 
hake (Merluccius bilinearis), tomcod (Microgadus tomcod), white 
perch (Morone americana), American smelt (Osmerus mordaz), pol- 
lack (Pollachius virens), hickory shad (Pomolobus mediocris), blue- 
fish (Pomatomus saltatrix), remora (Remora remora), common 
mackerel (Scomber scombrus), codling (Urophycis chuss), codling 
(Urophycis tenuis). 

Record of collections —From sand launce, one and fragment col- 
lected July 5, 1912. Measurements, life: Length, appendix partly 
retracted, 0.84 mm.; breadth, 0.32 mm.; diameter of oral sucker, 0.18 
mm., pharynx, 0.05 mm., ventral sucker, 0.17 mm.; ova, 0.024 by 
0.012 mm. In the fragment the diameter of the oral sucker was 
0.14 mm., ventral sucker, 0.15 mm. 

One, collected October 29, 1913; length, 2 mm. in formalin. Six 
(U.S.N.M. No. 8336), collected November 1, 1918; 2 to 4 mm. in 
formalin, appendix everted. One, collected October 18, 1914; length 
in formalin, appendix retracted, 1.73 mm., breadth 0.54 mm.; diam- 
eter of oral sucker 0.22 mm., ventral sucker 0.23 mm., ova 0.028 by 


TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 127 


0.14 mm. Three, collected October 20, 1914. Twenty-two, collected 
November 5, 1914. 

From American eel: One, collected December 6, 1909. Seven 
(U.S.N.M. No. 8337), collected June 13, 1913; 1.40 mm. to 2.47 mm., 
excluding appendix, in formalin. Forty, collected July 10, 1914, in 
washings from intestines of 9 eels. Dr. G. A. MacCallum also found 
a number on the gills. 

Average measurements of nine specimens mounted in balsam, and 
varying in length from 1.26 to 1.92 mm.: Length, 1.42 mm.; breadth, 
0.36 mm.; diameter of oral sucker, 0.186 mm., pharynx, 0.06 mm., 
ventral sucker, 0.1839 mm.; ova, 0.024 by 0.012 mm. 

From common herring: One, collected November 11, 1904; length, 
2.5 mm. in formalin. One, collected November 4, 1911; length, 3.7 
mm. in formalin. Two, collected November 8; length, 3 mm. in 
formalin. Three, collected July 17, 1920. Three (U.S.N.M. No. 
8338), collected August 17, 1920, from a 60-mm. fish. Measurements, 
life: Length, 2.10 mm., breadth, 0.49 mm.; diameter of oral sucker, 
0.25 mm., of ventral sucker, 0.25 mm. 

These distomes from the herring when compared with those from 
the eel agree in those characters which have been enumerated. Dif- 
ferences in outline of the vitellaria occur, but in general they resemble 
those of the eel distomes, varying from obscurely lobed to distinctly 
lobed examples. 

Average measurements of eight in balsam varying in length from 
1.05 to 2.10 mm.: Length, 1.66 mm.; breadth, 0.40 mm.; diameter of 
oral sucker, 0.15 mm., pharynx, 0.07 mm., ventral sucker, 0.15 mm.; 
ova, 0.024 by 0.012 mm. 

From fishingfrog: One (U.S.N.M. No. 8340), collected August 3, 
1910. Measurements, balsam: Length, ex. appendix, 1.40 mm.; 
breadth, 0.42 mm.; diameter oral sucker, 0.17 mm., pharynx, 0.08 
mm., ventral sucker, 0.17 mm.; ova, collapsed and crowded, about 
0.021 by 0.009 mm. One, collected December 6, 1912. 

From silversides (Menidia notata): A small, immature, yellowish 
distome, collected August 11, 1919, from a 28-mm. fish, is here re- 
corded. Length, life, 0.24 mm.; breadth, 0.04 mm.; diameter oral 
sucker, 0.03 mm., ventral sucker, 0.03 mm. 

From kingfish: One (U.S.N.M. No. 8341), collected September 9, 
1908, from intestine. Measurements in balsam, appendix retracted: 
Length, 1.76 mm.; breadth, 0.36 mm.; diameter oral sucker, 0.16 mm., 
pharynx, 0.08 mm., ventral sucker, 0.17 mm.; ova, 0.021 by 0.012 mm. 

One, collected July 19, 1910. Measurements, life, appendix partly 
retracted: Length, 1.50 mm.; breadth, 0.28 mm.; ova, 0.028 by 0.016 
mm. In balsam the diameter of the oral sucker is 0.126 mm., 
pharynx, 0.06 mm., ventral sucker, 0.185 mm.; ova, 0.021 by 0.012 mm. 


128 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88 


From silver hake: One, collected August 15, 1907. One, collected 
July 29, 1910. 

Two, collected August 16, 1910. Measurements, life: Length, in- 
cluding appendix, 2.6 mm.; breadth, 0.67 mm.; diameter oral sucker, 
0.25 mm., pharynx, 0.14 mm., ventral sucker, 0.27 mm. Another and 
larger specimen (U.S.N.M. No. 8342): Length, 4.2 mm.; breadth, 
0.70 mm.; diameter of oral sucker, 0.833 mm., pharynx, 0.14 mm., 
ventral sucker, 0.85 mm.; ova, 0.027 by 0.017 mm. 

Five, collected August 19, 1910. Eight, collected May 25, 1911. 
One, collected July 15, 1924. 

From tomcod: One, collected July 30, 1904. 

From white perch: Three (U.S.N.M. No. 8343), collected April 21, 
1913. Measurements in balsam: Length, appendix retracted, 1.26 
mm.; breadth, 0.26 mm.; diameter oral sucker, 0.14 mm., pharynx, 
0.07 mm., ventral sucker, 0.17 mm.; ova not developed. 

From American smelt: One, collected January 25, 1911. 

Two (U.S.N.M. No. 8344), collected February 3, 1911. Lengths 
in balsam, 1.83, 1.82, and 2.10 mm. Measurements of largest: Length, 
2.10 mm.; breadth, 0.63 mm.; diameter oral sucker, 0.25 mm., 
pharynx, 0.12 mm., ventral sucker, 0.28 mm.; ova, 0.027 by 0.012 mm. 

From pollack: Two, collected August 12, 1910: Length in alcohol, 
2mm. One, collected July 1, 1912; length, 3.57 mm.; eighteen fishes 
examined. 

One (U.S.N.M. No. 8345), collected July 31, 1924. Measurements 
in balsam: Length, 3.80 mm.; breadth, 0.72 mm.; length of appendix, 
1.33 mm.; diameter oral sucker, 0.27 mm., pharynx, 0.15 mm., ven- 
tral sucker, 0.28 mm.; ova about 0.024 by 0.012 mm. 

From hickory shad: Two, collected August 20, 1910; two fishes 
examined. Six, collected June 17, 1911; five fishes examined. Eight, 
collected June 21, 1911; two fishes examined. Eighty (U.S.N.M. 
No. 8846), collected June 21, 1913; length of one in formalin, 1.91 
mm.; length of appendix 1 mm. 


TABLE 31.—Measurements of two specimens of Brachyphallus crenatus (U.S.N.M. 
No. 8346) in balsam, appendices retracted 


Measurement 1 2 
Mm Mm 
ET NN Gh eR ea ree PN ety he RUN aL Ao eB ESD A LE 1, 22 0. 82 
Bread thet she ee ey oe Sk SEAS nailer e NORE SE AES an wn a Nee 35 21 
Diameter/oral] Sucker Gly es a ee ne oe ad bt 8 By Sea eee 16 12 
Diameter pPHAar yn xe eee as Sh Te I es ese a tds Cid oo Re a . 08 . 05 
Diameter ventral'sieker eee sows se Sea RM Neg RNA A BO AL eR .16 40} 


Ova, 0.024 by 0.012 mm. 


TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 129 


From bluefish: Two (U.S. N. M. No. 8347), collected July 8, 1911. 
Measurements in balsam: Length, appendix retracted, 147 mm., 
breadth, 0.27 mm.; diameter oral sucker, 0.20 mm., pharynx, 0.09 mm., 
ventral sucker, 0.21 mm.; ova, 0.024 by 0.012 mm. 

From remora: One, collected July 21, 1911. Measurements in bal- 
sam: Length, appendix retracted, 1.82 mm.; breadth, 0.49 mm.; 
diameter oral sucker, 0.20 mm., pharynx, 0.09 mm., ventral sucker, 
0.21 mm.; ova crowded and collapsed, about 0.024 by 0.012 mm. This 
specimen was not noted at the time of collecting, but appears on a 
slide containing specimens of Sterrhurus monticelliz. 

From common mackerel: One (U.S.N.M. No. 8348), collected June 
6, 1908. Measurements in balsam: Length, appendix retracted, 0.9 
mm.; breadth, 0.28 mm.; diameter oral sucker, 0.10 mm., ventral 
sucker, 0.10 mm.; ova, collapsed, about 0.024 by 0.012 mm. 

From codling (Urophycis chuss): Few, collected August 19, 1910. 
Measurements in balsam: Length, appendix retracted, 2.17 mm.; 
breadth, 0.38 mm.; diameter oral sucker, 0.18 mm., pharynx, 0.08 mm., 
ventral sucker, 0.18 mm.; ova, 0.024 by 0.012 mm. 

From codling (Urophycis tenuis): One (U.S.N.M. No. 8349), col- 
lected November 3, 1913. Measurements in balsam: Length, appendix 
retracted, 1.54 mm.; breadth, 0.46 mm.; diameter oral sucker, 0.18 
mm., pharynx, 0.07 mm., ventral sucker, 0.21 mm.; ova collapsed and 
crowded, about 0.024 by 0.012 mm. 


Subfamily STERRHURINAE Looss, 1907 


Genus STERRHURUS Looss, 1907 
STERRHURUS MONTICELLII (Linton) 
PLATE 10, Figures 101-107 


Distomum monticellii Linton, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 20, pp. 518-520, pl. 
44, figs. 2-8, 1898; Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, pp. 451, 473, 482, 1901; 
Bull. U. 8. Bur. Fisheries, vol. 24, p. 334, etc., figs. 154-155, 1905. 

Hemiurus monticellii (Linton), Looss, Zool. Jahrb., vol. 12, p. 641, 1899. 

Sterrhurus monticelli (Linton), Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ. 138, pp. 61, 
62, figs. 189, 140, 1910. 

Body smooth, ventral sucker much larger than oral; cirrus pouch 
small, in neck behind pharynx; seminal vesicle dorsal to anterior 
border of ventral sucker; testes not far back of ventral sucker, near 
together and somewhat diagonally placed; ovary separated from 
testes by folds of the uterus; vitellaria at posterior border of ovary, 
each deeply lobed; uterus voluminous, its folds extending back of the 
vitellaria, the early folds containing sperm; ova, 0.015 to 0.024 mm, 
by 0.009 to 0.012 mm. 

155599409 


130 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 88 


Hosts—Caranxe chrysos, lampfish (Cyclopterus lwmpus), shark- 
sucker (Hcheneis naucrates), round herring (Htrumeus sadina), little 
tunny (Luthynnus alletteratus), leatherjacket (Oligoplites saurus), 
remora (Remora remora), rudderfish (Palinurichthys perciformis) , 
bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix), goggler (Trachurops crumenoph- 
thalma), cutlassfish (T'richiurus lepturus). 

Record of collections—From Caranz chrysos: One, collected 
August 8, 1904. Measurements, life: Length, 1.35 mm.; diameter of 
oral sucker, 0.10 mm.; ventral sucker, length, 0.22 mm., breadth, 0.26 
mm.; ova, 0.014 by 0.009 mm. 

One (U.S.N.M. No. 8350), collected October 15, 1915. Measure- 
ments in balsam: Length, appendix missing, 0.95 mm.; breadth, 0.36 
mm.; diameter of oral sucker, 0.11 mm., of pharynx, 0.06 mm., of 
ventral sucker, 0.28 mm.; ova, 0.014 by 0.009 mm. 

From lumpfish: One (U.S.N.M. No. 8351), collected July 10, 1926. 
Measurements in balsam: Length, appendix retracted, 2.10 mm.; 
diameter of oral sucker, 0.12 mm., of pharynx, 0.06 mm., of ventral 
sucker, 0.28 mm.; ova, 0.018 by 0.012 mm. 

From sharksucker: Highty-eight (U.S.N.M. No. 8352), collected 
August 19, 1903. Alcoholic specimens, much distorted: Length of 
longest about 8mm. Average of eight in balsam: Diameter of oral 
sucker, 0.12 mm., of ventral sucker, 0.82 mm.; ova about 0.020 by 
0.012 mm. 

From round herring: One, collected July 28, 1908. Measurements 
in balsam, appendix retracted: Length, 1 mm.; breadth, 0.28 mm.; 
diameter of oral sucker, 0.10 mm., of pharynx, 0.04 mm., of ventral 
sucker, 0.22 mm.; ova few, not distinct, about 0.018 by 0.010 mm. 

From little tunny: Nine (U.S.N.M. No. 8353), collected August 12, 
1905; from 1.8 mm. to 2.6 mm. in length; variety of shapes; color 
of larger specimens pale pink, others translucent, almost colorless, 
except where the amber-colored eggs lie; active sperm noted at pos- 
terior border of the ovary. Average of four, life: Diameter of oral 
sucker, 0.14 mm., of ventral sucker, 0.41 mm.; average of seven in 
balsam, oral sucker, 0.12 mm., ventral sucker, 0.33 mm. 

From leatherjacket: One (U.S.N.M. No. 8354), collected July 14, 
1924. Measurements in balsam: Length, 2.10 mm.; breadth, 0.45 
mm.; diameter of oral sucker, 0.12 mm., of pharynx, 0.06 mm., of 
ventral sucker, 0.28 mm.; ova collapsed and crowded, about 0.015 by 
0.007 mm. 

From remora: Nine (U.S.N.M. No. 8355), collected July 28, 1910, 
from stomach at pyloric opening; pale red, active, with tendency 
to cling together when placed in sea water; excretory vessels séen to 
unite above pharynx; right vitelline gland four-lobed, left three- 


TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON Pt 


lobed; sperm seen in active rotary motion at posterior border of 
ovary. 

Thirteen, collected July 21, 1911. Nineteen, collected August 3, 
1911, from stomach of host. Five, collected September 9, 1912, from 
stomach of host. One, collected July 26, 1918. 

One, collected July 21,1919. Measurements, life: Length, appendix 
retracted, 1.35 mm.; breadth, 0.28 mm.; diameter oral sucker, 0.10 
mm., pharynx, 0.06 mm., ventral sucker, 0.21 mm.; ova, 0.024 by 
0.012 mm. 

From rudderfish: One, collected August 20, 1910, immature, re- 
corded here, but not enough of anatomy shown to admit of satisfac- 
tory determination. Length, including appendix, 1.89 mm., in 
balsam; length of appendix, 0.56 mm.; breadth at level of ventral 
sucker, 0.48 mm., behind ventral sucker, 0.38 mm.; diameter of oral 
sucker, 0.19 mm., of pharynx, 0.10 mm., of ventral sucker, 0.85 mm. 

From bluefish: “Several,” collected July 15, 1904. Two (U.S.N.M. 
No. 8356), collected July 8, 1911. 

From goggler: A small distome and a fragment of another from 
this host were collected August 27, 1905. Measurements in balsam, 
appendix retracted: Length, 1.40 mm.; breadth, 0.36 mm.; diameter 
of oral sucker, 0.10 mm., pharynx, 0.06 mm., ventral sucker, 0.24 mm. ; 
ova, 0.014 by 0.009 mm. 

From cutlassfish: Two hundred and sixteen (U.S.N.M. No. 8357), 
collected June 9, 1903, from mouth of host. Measurements in glyc- 
erin: Length, including appendix, 3 mm.; breadth, 0.9 mm.; diameter 
of oral sucker, 0.16 mm., ventral sucker, 0.38 mm. 

Forty-seven, collected June 15, 1903, from mouth of host. Two 
hundred and forty, collected July 26, 1903, from stomach of host. 
Two hundred and eighty-three, collected August 6, from stomach 
of host. Three hundred and thirteen, collected September 16, 1903. 

Two fishes taken at Menemsha Bight were examined August 2, 1904. 
One of them had been in alcohol for several months, the other in 
formalin for about three days; 317 distomes were collected from the 
stomachs, most of them from the formalin specimen. 

One hundred and forty-three, collected June 18, 1913. Largest, 
in formalin, 3.5 mm., plump, arcuate. More than 50 specimens of 
various sizes from this host were either mounted in balsam or 
cleared in acetic-glycerin. All clearly belong to the same species. 
Measurements in balsam, average of nine: Diameter of oral sucker, 
0.17 mm., of ventral sucker, 0.43 mm.; smallest oral sucker, 0.14 mm., 
largest, 0.21 mm.; smallest ventral sucker, 0.85 mm., largest, 0.50 mm. ; 
ova about 0.018 by 0.012 mm. 


132 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL, 88 


STERRHURUS species 


Here is recorded a single distome from Histrio pictus, on which the 
following note was made at the time of collecting, August 9, 1904. 

Body smooth, with a few irregular transverse wrinkles; genital 
aperture at posterior edge of oral sucker; cirrus, cirrus pouch and 
prostate indistinct; testes transverse at posterior edge of ventral 
sucker; ovary subglobular, on left side; vitellaria behind ovary, the 
left one slightly lobed, its anterior border reaching nearly to the 
middle of the ovary. The rami of the intestine extend to the 
appendix, but were not seen to enter it. 

Measurements in glycerin: Length, 1.28 mm.; breadth, anterior, 
0.15 mm., middle, 0.45 mm., posterior, 0.15 mm.; diameter of oral 
sucker, 0.15 mm., of ventral sucker, 0.28 mm. 


Subfamily LEICITHASTERNAE Odhner, 1905 


Genus LECITHASTER Liihe, 1901 
LECITHASTER CONFUSUS Odhner 


Puate 11, Fraures 121-124 


Distomum bothryophoron Olsson, Linton, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, p. 
439, figs. 355, 356, 1901. 

Lecithaster confusus ODHNER, Die Trematoden des arktischen Gebietes, Fauna 
Arctica, vol. 4, p. 359, 1905; Zool. Jahrb., vol. 26, p. 164, figs. 70-72, 1907.— 
LtuHe, in Brauer’s Siisswasserfauna Deustchlands, vol. iv, Trematodes, 
pp. 140, 141, 1909. 

Examples of small distomes have been found in a number of Woods 
Hole fishes which agree closely with forms that appear in the litera- 
ture of the Trematoda under a variety of specific names, but which 
are included by Odhner and Liihe in the two species Lecithaster gib- 
bosus (Rudolphi) and L. confusus Odhner. 

Unfortunately many of the specimens in the collection show the 
anatomy imperfectly. 

According to Liihe, following Odhner, the two species may be 
briefly characterized thus: 

L. gibbosus: Lobes of ovary roundish, scarcely longer than broad; 
lobes of vitellaria slender, tending to pyriform; seminal vesicle dorsal 
to, and not extending beyond the ventral sucker; ova, 0.025 to 0.027 
by 0.013 mm. 

L. confusus: Lobes of ovary longish; lobes of vitellaria short, 
scarcely as long as broad; seminal vesicle extending back of ventral 
sucker; ova, 0.015 to 0.017 by 0.009 mm. 

In those cases in which the seminal vesicle, ovary, and vitellaria are 
indistinct I have referred those with ova approximating 0.025 by 
0.0138 mm. to LZ. gibbosus, and those whose ova approximate 0.015 by 
0.009 mm. to LZ. confusus. 


TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON aay 


The distomes referred to the species Z. confusus are fusiform, ante- 
rior end rather bluntly rounded, posterior end tapering; greatest 
diameter at about level of ventral sucker, or a little behind it; ventral 
sucker much larger than oral; no prepharynx, esophagus none, or 
very short; intestinal rami extend to posterior end, in some cases 
inflated and conspicuous; genital pore about half-way between oral 
and ventral suckers; ejaculatory duct long, surrounded by prostatic 
cells; seminal vesicle dorsal to and extending back of the ventral 
sucker. Testes nearly transversely placed, a short distance behind 
ventral sucker. Ovary four-lobed, lobes blunt, behind testes; vitel- 
laria behind ovary, seven-lobed, lobes more or less pyriform. ‘The 
folds of the uterus fill the body from the level of the anterior border 
of the ventral sucker to the posterior end. The metraterm passes 
from the dorsal border of the ventral sucker to the genital pore. Ova 
very numerous and small, approximating 0.015 by 0.009 mm. 

The above description is based on material from the hickory shad 
(Pomolobus mediocris) . 

Hosts—Black sea bass (Ceniropristes striatus), common herring 
(Clupea harengus), round herring (Htrwmeus sadina), hickory shad 
(Pomolobus mediocris), dollarfish (Poronotus triacanthus), common 
mackerel (Scomber scombrus), puffer (Sphoeroides maculatus), cun- 
ner (Tautogolabrus adspersus). 

Record of collections—F¥rom black sea bass: Immature distomes 
(U.S.N.M. No. 8358), from 0.23 to 0.35 mm. in length, were found on 
June 30, 1919, in young sea bass, one from a 7-mm. fish, one to four 
from each of five 9-mm. fish; one, with ova, from a 6-mm. fish. 
Measurements in formalin: Length, 0.30 mm.; breadth, 0.16 mm.; 
diameter oral sucker, 0.06 mm., pharynx, 0.03 mm., ventral sucker, 
0.09 mm.; ova, 9.015 to 0.018 by 0.009 mm. Seminal vesicle extends 
back of ventral sucker. 

From common herring: Three small distomes, collected August 29, 
1919, largest 1 mm. in Jength, from a 56-mm. herring. Measurements 
in balsam: Length, 0.70 mm., breadth, 0.21 mm.; diameter oral 
sucker, 0.06 mm., pharynx, 0.036 mm., ventral sucker, 0.16 mm.; ova 
collapsed and crowded, about 0.015 by 0.009 mm. 

From round herring: Immature distomes belonging to the genus 
Lecithaster. Three, collected August 7, 1908; length, 0.65 mm. 
Three, collected August 8, 1908; length, 0.50 mm.; breadth, 0.22 mm.; 
diameter oral sucker, 0.04 mm., pharynx, 0.08 mm., ventral sucker, 
0.09 mm. One, collected August 10, 1908; length, 0.57 mm.; breadth, 
0.14 mm.; diameter oral sucker, 0.045 mm.; pharynx, 0.03 by 0.04 
mm., ventral sucker, 0.10 mm. 

From hickory shad: Thirteen, collected June 10, 1907. One 
(U.S.N.M. No. 8359), collected June 21, 1913; four fishes examined: 


134 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 88 


Length, in formalin, 0.9 mm.; breadth, 0.42 mm.; diameter of oral 
sucker, 0.14 mm., ventral sucker, 0.28 mm.; ova, 0.020 by 0.018 mm. 
The ova in balsam are thin-shelled and difficult to measure, about 
0.015 by 0.009 mm. 

Seven (U.S.N.M. No. 8360), collected September 5, 1913. Meas- 
urements in formalin from length 0.91 mm. and breadth 0.44 mm. to 
length 1.75 and breadth 0.63 mm.; ova in balsam, about 0.015 by 
0.009 mm. 

The lobes of the ovary seemed to be at least as long as broad ; lobes 
of vitellaria about as long as broad. 


TABLE 32.—Measurements of six specimens of Lecithaster confusus in balsam 


Measurement 11 2 3 4 5 6 


Neer gti es As a ke ae aS op BO as ge a 1.33 1. 26 0. 94 1.00 1.15 1, 54 
TB TORO GD ee ee ee A roe ate eet . 54 . 58 39 43 35 65 
Oralisncker#langt het oe es cee oar tae ee nee Ne alo .14 . 08 -10 -10 .14 
Oralisucker: ibreadthis 22 2s ee a .16 3 . 08 ll .10 13 
PHarvnx Menge eee chek see eee de ee a eee es . 09 ,10 . 04 . 04 . 06 . 08 
Pharyuxyoreadth: (>. 4 Vee ae eee tony fe ee - 08 .10 . 04 . 04 - 05 . 07 
Wentralisucker, lengthn-2 <5 seis bon ee ~25 . 26 -19 . 24 .19 ~25 


Wentralrsicken bread the =o oer en eee . 24 .21 .14 mold .18 22 
Ova, 0.015 by 0.009 mm. 


1 No. 1, ventral view, others lateral view. 


From dollarfish: One, collected July 20, 1919, from a 12-mm. fish. 
Measurements in balsam: Length, 0.7 mm.; breadth at level of ventral 
sucker, 0.28 mm., behind ventral sucker, 0.22 mm.; diameter oral 
sucker, 0.06 mm., pharynx, 0.04 mm., ventral sucker, 0.15 mm.; ova, 
0.012 by 0.007 mm. 

From common mackerel: Eight (U.S.N.M. No. 8361), collected 
August 23, 1919, from a 16-mm. fish and ten from a 22-mm. fish. 
Measurements, hfe: Length, 0.52 mm.; breadth, 0.25 mm.; diameter 
oral sucker, 0.06 mm., pharynx, 0.04 mm., ventral sucker, 0.16 mm.; 
ova, 0.015 by 0.009 mm. 

One, collected August 28, 1919, from an 11-mm. fish; length, 0.33 mm. 

Three from a 10-mm. fish. Measurements of one, life: Length, 
0.45 mm.; breadth, 0.18 mm.; diameter oral sucker, 0.06 mm., ventral 
sucker, 0.11 mm.; ova, 0.015 by 0.009 mm. Lobes of vitellaria 
shghtly pyriform. 

From puffer: Four, collected July 7, 1919, from a 10-mm. fish, two 
from each of two 9-mm. fish, and two from a 7-mm. fish. Measure- 
ments, life: Length, 0.98 mm., breadth, 0.40 mm.; diameter oral 
sucker, 0.98 mm., pharynx, 0.05 mm., ventral sucker, 0.18 mm.; ova 
0.015 by 0.010 mm. 


TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 135 


One (U.S.N.M. No. 8362), collected July 25, 1919, from a 7-mm. 
fish. Lobes of vitellaria short, about as broad as long. 

From cunner: One to five immature distomes, collected June 30, 
1919, 0.27 to 0.46 mm. in length, from each of nine young cunners 
from 9 to 15 mm. in length. One distome with ova from a 9-mm. fish. 

Five, collected July 15, 1919, from a 10-mm. fish. Eight, collected 
July 21, 1919, from a 12-mm. fish. 

Five (U.S.N.M. No. 8363), collected July 25, 1919, from a 10-mm. 
fish. Measurements in balsam: Length, 0.38 mm.; breadth, 0.24 mm. ; 
diameter oral sucker, 0.07 mm., ventral sucker, 0.12 mm.; ova, 0.018 
by 0.009 mm. 

Twelve, collected August 21, 1919, from a 21-mm. fish, and one from 
a 20-mm. fish. 

One distome from the stomach of a small cunner was still apparently 
in place in a copepod. 

Average measurements of nine distomes from young cunners: 
Length, 0.33 mm.; breadth, 0.19 mm.; diameter of oral sucker, 0.06 
mm., ventral sucker, 0.10 mm. 

Note on a living specimen, July 15, 1919: Testes close behind ventral 
sucker; ovary behind testes; vitellaria posterior to ovary, lobed in 
manner characteristic of the genus Lecithaster; seminal receptacle a 
little way behind level of testes, dorsal; seminal vesicle dorsal to ven- 
tral sucker, ejaculatory duct surrounded by coarse prostatic cells; 
cirrus not evident; intestines reach to near posterior end; folds of 
uterus amid other organs, from posterior end to ventral sucker; 
metraterm passing dorsal to ventral sucker to genital pore. 


LECITHASTER GIBBOSUS (Rudolphi) 
PLATE 11, FicuREs 125, 126 


Distomum bothryophoron Olsson, Linton, Bull. U. 8S. Fish Comm. for 1899, 
p. 437 (from Clupea harengus), 1901. 

Lecithaster gibbosus (Rudolphi), OpHNER, Die Trematoden des arktischen 
Gebietes, Fauna Arctica, vol. 4, pp. 856-859, 1905.—Looss, Zool. Jahrb., vol. 
26, pp. 164, 165, 1907.—Manrter, Illinois Biol. Mon., vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 95, 96, 
fig. 61, 1926. 


Small distomes belonging to the genus Lecithaster, which agree 
closely with this species, are recorded. 

Hosts.—Silversides (Menidia notata), common scup (Stenotomus 
chrysops). 
_ Record of collections—From silversides: Distomum sp. recorded 
from this host (Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, p. 444, figs. 357, 358, 
1901) probably belong here. Small distomes, collected August 11, 
1919, noted while examining young silversides for their food. One 
to nine found in each of six fishes, measuring 25 to 85 mm. in length. 


136 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88 


Dimensions of one, life: Length 1.05 mm., breadth 0.3 mm.; diameter 
of oral sucker 0.09 mm., pharynx 0.045 mm., ventral sucker 0.18 mm.; 
ova 0.027 by 0.015 mm. One, collected August 19, 1919; dimensions 
in balsam: Length 1 mm., breadth 0.21 mm.; diameter of oral sucker 
0.1 mm., pharynx 0.056 mm., ventral sucker 0.15 mm.; ova 0.027 by 
0.015 mm. The anatomy is indistinctly shown on account of the 
uterus, which, crowded with ova, fills the greater part of the body; 
lobes of vitellaria pyriform. 

From common scup: Two (U.S.N.M. No. 8364), collected July 27, 
1920. Measurements in balsam: (1) Length 1.26 mm., breadth 0.51 
mm.; oral sucker, length 0.1 mm., breadth 0.15 mm.; pharynx, length 
0.05 mm., breadth 0.06 mm.; diameter of ventral sucker 0.28mm. (2) 
Length 1.09 mm., breadth 0.47 mm.; oral sucker, length 0.1 mm., 
breadth 0.13 mm.; diameter of ventral sucker 0.22 mm.; ova 0.032 by 
0.018 mm. 

The genitalia are obscured and more or less displaced by the accu- 
mulation of ova. The intestinal rami extend to the posterior end, the 
cells in their walls distinct; genital aperture ventral to pharynx; 
genital sinus short; cirrus pouch in front of ventral sucker, inclosing 
prostate and seminal vesicle; testes a short distance behind ventral 
sucker, nearly transverse. Ovary not distinctly seen; in one specimen 
it appeared to be behind the right testis, in the other behind the left. 
The lobes of the vitellaria are long and fingerlike. 

The largest ova noted were about 0.036 by 0.018 mm.; the smallest 
0.024 by 0.015 mm. 


Genus APONURUS Looss, 1907 
APONURUS species 


PrLaTe 12, Fieurr 127 


Four small distomes from a specimen of Lobotes surinamensis, 
September 1, 1910, are here recorded. 

The distomes were somewhat macerated, and the anatomy is im- 
perfectly shown in the mounted specimens. So far as the anatomy 
can be made out these distomes appear to be near the species 
Aponurus laguncula Looss (Zool. Anz., vol. 81, p. 608; Zool. Jahrb., 
vol, 26, p. 169, figs. 53, 54, 77, 78, 1907). 

Body smooth, not differing much in breadth, bluntly rounded 
posteriorly, slightly tapering anteriorly; ventral sucker much larger 
than oral; genital pore ventral to pharynx; cirrus pouch short; 
prostate and seminal vesicle at anterior margin of ventral sucker; 
testes a short distance back of ventral sucker; ovary behind testes, 
about middle of post-acetabular region; vitellaria of several distinct 


TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 137 


lobes at posterior border of ovary. The lobes of the vitellaria ap- 
peared to be distinct from each other, but were closely crowded to- 
gether. Their exact number could not be determined, but there 
appeared to be about six of them. The uterus, filled with small ova, 
occupies most of the postacetabular region. The ova in three of 
the mounted specimens agree in size, the maximum dimensions be- 
ing about 0.024 by 0.012 mm. to 0.030 by 0.016 mm. In one of the 
specimens the ova are smaller and somewhat irregular in shape, as 
if defective, maximum about 0.015 by 0.010 mm. 

Measurements, life: Length, 1.36 mm.; breadth, 0.40 mm.; di- 
ameter oral sucker, 0.10 mm., pharynx, 0.06 mm., ventral sucker, 
0.20 mm.; ova, 0.034 by 0.017 mm. 

Measurements in balsam: Length, 1.12 mm.; breadth, 0.25 mm.; 
diameter oral sucker, 0.09 mm., pharynx, 0.054 mm., ventral sucker, 
0.16 mm.; ova, 0.030 by 0.016 mm. (U.S.N.M. No. 8365.) 


Subfamily DINURINAE Looss, 1907 


Genus DINURUS Looss, 1907 


DINURUS PINGUIS, new species 


PLATE 9; PLATE 10, Figures 97-100 


Distomum grandiporwm Rudolphi, Linton, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 20, pp. 
520, 521, pl. 44, fig. 9 (from Anguwilla rostrata), 1898. 

Distomum rufoviride Rudolphi, ibid., pp. 512-517, pl. 42, fig. 14, pl. 43, figs. 
14 (from Roccus lineatus), 1898. 

Distomum tornatum Rudolphi, Linron, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, p. 
442 (from Fundulus heteroclitus), p. 444, fig. 310 (from Menidia notata), 
p. 455 (from Roccus lineatus), 1901; Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., vol. 24, p. 355 
(from Synodus foetens), p. 356 (from Tylosurus marinus), p. 399, fig. 156 
(from Menticirrhus americanus), 1905. 


The genus Dinurus was established by Looss in 1907 with D. 
tornatus (Rudolphi) as the type species (Zool, Jahrb., vol. 26, p. 
112, 1907). 

The following description of the species is based on material 
from Menidia notata. Further details are given under the record 
of collections. 

Body smooth, plump, more or less fusiform; suckers near to- 
gether, the ventral much larger than the oral; pharynx nearly 
spherical; prepharynx and esophagus none; intestinal rami extend 
to posterior end of appendix. Genital aperture median at posterior 
ventral margin of pharynx; cirrus and cirrus-pouch short; ejacula- 
tory duct long, sinuous; surrounded by cells of prostate gland; 
seminal vesicle behind ventral sucker, capacious, extending between 


138 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88 


the testes to a point a little in advance of the middle of the posterior 
testis. The two testes are placed a little diagonally a short distance 
behind the ventral sucker, round to subtriangular in outline, the 
right testis a little in advance of the left. The ovary lies behind 
the testes, is oval-elliptical in outline, its longer diameter transverse. 
At its posterior border is the seminal receptacle, which is usually 
spacious. The shell gland is situated behind the left ventral border 
of the ovary to the left of the seminal receptacle. The vitellaria 
tubular. There appear to be about three on each side. Anteriorly 
they extend to about the level of the left testis and the posterior 
border of the right testis, posteriorly they extend some distance back 
of the ovary. The folds of the uterus in adult individuals are 
voluminous, filling the dorsal region of the body from the ovary to 
the ventral sucker, and behind the ovary to the appendix into which 
they may press for a short distance. The accumulated ova may 
crowd the testes forward to the level of the ventral sucker. The 
excretory vessels are lateral from the ovary to the dorsal side of the 
pharynx, where they unite. The lateral vessels at their posterior 
ends unite on the dorsal side of the ovary and continue as a single 
vessel to the posterior end. 

Measurements of a specimen from Menidia notata, in balsam: 
Length, 5 mm.; breadth at level of oral sucker, 0.85 mm., at ventral 
sucker, 0.80 mm.; maximum breadth, at about middle of length, 1.40 
mm., near posterior end, 0.85 mm.; diameter of oral sucker, 0.21 mm., 
of pharynx, 0.14 mm., of ventral sucker, 0.46 mm.; right testis, 
length, 0.44 mm., breadth, 0.44 mm.; left testis, length, 0.52 mm., 
breadth, 0.39 mm.; ovary, length, 0.35 mm., breadth, 0.52 mm.; ova, 
about 0.018 by 0.012 mm. 

Hosts——American eel (Anguilla rostrata), squeteague (Cynoscion 
regalis), sea raven (emitripterus americanus), silver hake (Merluc- 
cius bilinearis), silversides (Menidia notata), kingfish (Menticirrhus 
sawatilis), toadfish (Opsanus tau), summer flounder (Paralichthys 
dentatus), common gurnard (Merulinus carolinus), northern barra- 
cuda (Sphyraena borealis), lizardfish (Synodus foetens). 

Record of collections—From American eel: One, collected August 
30, 1910; length, 7 mm.; breadth, 2 mm.; fusiform. One (U.S.N.M. 
No. 8866), collected November 7, 1911; length, in formalin, 6 mm. 
Four, collected November 21, 1912; 2.5 to 6.5 mm. 

Some of the following notes were made on a collection of nine 
distomes, measuring from 5 to 10 mm. in formalin, from the stomach 
of an eel taken in Chesapeake Bay, October 31, 1921. 

The body in general is fusiform, although presenting a variety of 
shapes due to different degrees of contraction. Sagittal sections show 


TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 139 


that the seminal vesicle extends diagonally between the testes from 
near the ventral to near the dorsal surface. It may be displaced in 
individuals which are gorged with ova so as to lie on the left side 
of the ventral sucker. The testes are nearly opposite each other on 
either side of the seminal vesicle. Sections show them to be slightly 
lobed. In younger specimens the testes may lie behind the ventral 
sucker at a distance equal to twice the diameter of the ventral sucker ; 
in older specimens they may be crowded by the ova to either side of 
the ventral sucker. The ovary is relatively large, median, imme- 
diately behind the testes, extending farther ventrally than the testes. 
The shell gland is at the ventral edge of the ovary. Behind the 
ovary is the relatively large seminal receptacle. While the laterally 
placed vitellaria are tubular, in one series of frontal sections, in addi- 
tion to the tubular vitellaria there is a vitelline mass on the left side 
0.56 mm. in length and breadth and 0.65 mm. in dorsoventral diam- 
eter. In this specimen the ovary and testes are at the posterior border 
of the ventral sucker. The posterior end of the seminal vesicle is 
dorsal to the ovary and is crowded by the voluminous uterus to the 
left side of the ventral sucker. In a specimen with relatively few ova 
the distance from the ventral sucker to each testis and to the seminal 
vesicle is 0.77 mm., to the ovary, 0.91 mm., to the seminal receptacle, 
1.18 mm. In a specimen with very many ova the distance from the 
ventral sucker to the left testis is 0.14 mm., to the seminal receptacle 
0.42 mm.; the ovary, right testis, and seminal vesicle are contiguous 
to the posterior border of the ventral sucker. Estimates made from 
series of cross sections: (1) In a series, in which the ova had not 
become crowded in the postacetabular region, the distance from the 
ventral sucker to the seminal vesicle was 0.56 mm., and to the first 
testis 1mm. (2) In a series in which the postacetabular region was 
crowded with ova the anterior border of the first testis was 0.05 mm., 
and the anterior end of the seminal vesicle was 0.18 mm. in front of 
the posterior edge of the ventral sucker. In a series of sagittal sec- 
tions the ovary is 0.28 mm. in length and 0.42 mm. in dorsoventral 
diameter, the seminal vesicle 0.77 mm. in length, the seminal 
receptacle 0.28 mm. in length and 0.70 mm. in dorsoventral diameter. 

Measurements in balsam: Length, 5.5 mm.; breadth, 1.75 mm.; 
diameter of oral sucker, 0.28 mm., of pharynx, 0.16 mm., of ventral 
sucker, 0.54 mm. ; distance between oral and ventral suckers, 0.24 mm.; 
ova about 0.017 by 0.011 mm. 

From squeteague: One, collected July 15, 1905, immature, en- 
eysted in stomach wall of host; plump, fusiform, pinkish in color, 
and surrounded by black pigment; only intestine, excretory vessels, 
and retracted appendix could be distinguished: Length, 4.5 mm.; 
probably belongs to this species. 


140 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88 


From sea raven: One, collected October 11, 1911. Measurements 
in balsam: Oral sucker, length, 0.22 mm.; breadth, 0.25 mm.; pharynx, 
length, 0.14 mm., breadth, 0.18 mm.; ventral sucker, length, 0.63 mm., 
breadth, 0.70 mm. Specimen contracted, intestines in dense coils at 
posterior end; anatomy obscured by masses of ova. 

From silver hake: One, collected October 31, 1911. In formalin, 
body plump, nearly cylindrical; neck short, subcylindrical, curved 
ventrad, concealing the ventral sucker; length, 4 mm.; diameter, 
2mm. Measurements in balsam, appendix retracted: Length, 3.36 
mm.; breadth, 1.54 mm.; diameter of oral sucker, 0.28 mm., of phar- 
ynx, 0.22 mm., of ventral sucker, 0.70 mm.; ova, 0.015 by 0.012 mm. 

From silversides: Few, collected August 25, 1906. ‘Three, collected 
August 10, 1910. One, collected August 11, 1910. Measurements, life, 
compressed: Length, 5.36 mm.; breadth, 1.82 mm.; diameter of oral 
sucker, 0.25 mm., of pharynx, 0.18 mm., of ventral sucker, 0.61 mm.; 
ova, 0.018 by 0.012 mm.; folds of uterus voluminous. Two (U.S.N.M. 
No. 8367), collected July 30, 1929. 

From kingfish: One (U.S.N.M. No. 8368), collected August 28, 1928. 
Thirty-four fishes, from 75 to 123 mm. in length, examined. Length, 
in balsam, 8 mm.; maximum breadth, 2 mm. from anterior end, 1.82 
mm., tapering to about 0.28 mm. near each end; diameter of oral 
sucker, 0.18 mm., of pharynx, 0.14 mm., of ventral sucker, 0.49 mm; 
distance from anterior end to ventral sucker, 0.42 mm.; ova about 
0.015 by 0.012 mm., much crowded and difficult to measure. 

From toadfish: Three, collected August 15, 1899. Flesh color, ex- 
cept where the ova impart a yellowish tinge and the vitellaria a 
brownish color; plump, and of exceeding diversity of shape; posterior 
end with concentric wrinkles, often button-shaped. Body cylindri- 
cal, neck conical and very extensible. In some cases the neck and ven- 
tral sucker would be on a slender stalk, and the greater part of the 
body gathered into a globular mass at the posterior end. Then, in a 
few seconds, the worm would become nearly spherical. Length of 
one at rest, 5 mm., diameter, 1.7 mm. Ina series of sagittal sections 
the length is about 5 mm. and the diameter 1.5 mm.; the largest cross 
sections measure 1.29 mm. in vertical and 1.23 mm. in transverse 
diameter; oral sucker, length, 0.24 mm., diameter, 0.19 mm.; diam- 
eter of pharynx, 0.15 mm., of ventral sucker, 0.49 mm.; ova, 0.018 by 
0.012 mm. 

From summer flounder: Three, collected October 1, 1903. Lengths 
in formalin, 2.5 mm., 3 mm., and 3.5 mm.; diameter of neck, 0.7 mm., 
of body, 1.5 mm.; ova, 0.018 by 0.012 mm. 

One (U.S.N.M. No. 8369), collected September 23, 1912. Length, 
6 mm. in formalin. 


TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 14] 


From common gurnard: A distome, collected August 21, 1911, by 
Dr. G. A. MacCallum, belongs here. 

From northern barracuda: One (U.S.N.M. No. 8870), collected 
August 31, 1903; four fishes examined. Measurements in balsam, 
appendix retracted: Length, 3.86 mm.; breadth, 1 mm.; oral sucker, 
length, 0.18 mm., breadth, 0.28 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.18 mm., 
breadth, 0.14 mm.; diameter of ventral sucker, 0.48 mm.; ova, 0.018 
by 0.012 mm. Testes about equal, diameter 0.54 mm.; ovary, length 
0.35 mm., breadth 0.48 mm.; seminal vesicle, length 0.56 mm., 
breadth, 0.33 mm. 

From lizardfish: Three (U.S.N.M. No. 8371), collected September 
10, 1928; fifteen fish, 75 to 125 mm. in length, examined; fish seined at 
Wareham. 


TABLE 33.—Measurements of three specimens of Dinurus pinguis in balsam 


Measurement 11 2 3 


genoa ee, -2e8 2 eet a Be OEE PE PIE 3.15 5. 48 6. 86 
PS TOA GE Me pee to S 8 ete OS 8 et sR en 1.18 1.93 1.93 
OrSlsHCKOr MeUP Ge sna ao ee ee ee es OL eS ee Jeane alid RI . 24 
Oralisucker,sprend th £22 23251 ee see Tes ee eed. 3 eee wal ned .36 
BHA y PN XenlONO Mee a ne he ee sete Sees ek eee he ees etl eS SS ats 14 mk 
PP RaTGVIX Drea tea see a rs he a ee Oe eee .13 14 . 20 
WOntralesHCKeEA Ong tne | sseeet «St eee VES We ee ee eee . 42 - 63 .70 
Wentralsnckerspread th: 2 8. 2526 8 52 8k a) he ee .42 . 56 . 63 


1 No. 1, ventral view; Nos. 2 and 3, lateral view. 


Ova crowded, collapsed, about 0.018 by 0.009 mm. 
DINURUS TORNATUS (Rudolphi) 


Distomum tornaium Rudolphi, Linton, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 20, pp. 513, 
514, pl. 42, figs. 6-12 (from Coryphaena hippwrus), 1898; Bull. U. S. Fish 
Comm. for 1899, p. 452, 1901; Bull. U. S. Bur. Fisheries, vol. 24, p. 373 
(from C. hippurus), p. 3874 (from C. equisetis), 1905. 


The posterior end of a distome (U.S.N.M. No. 8372) that had been 
broken just behind the ventral sucker was obtained from a harvest- 
fish (Peprilus paru) on July 24, 1908. The fragment was active, 
anterior portion serrate; intestines and uterus extending nearly to 
posterior end of appendix. Seminal vesicle large, diagonal, its pos- 
terior end near anterior border of first testis; testes diagonal, touch- 
ing each other, first testis triangular in outline, second elliptical, 
length of each 0.32 mm., breadth, 0.21 mm.; ovary a short distance 
behind testes, length, 0.25 mm., breadth, 0.82 mm.; body of nearly 
uniform diameter, 0.7 to 0.8 mm.; appendix, diameter at anterior end, 
0.7 mm., tapering uniformly to posterior end. From anterior end of 
fragment to seminal vesicle 0.4 mm., to first testis, 0.7 mm., to ovary, 


142 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL, 88 


1.4mm. One of the tubular vitellaria extends about 0.5 mm. into the 
appendix, and the folds of the uterus reach to within 0.6 mm. of the 
posterior end; ova, 0.013 by 0.009 mm. All measurements made on 
specimen mounted in balsam. 

A fragment, from harvestfish, collected August 7, 1908: Posterior 
end, containing the ovary, vitellaria and folds of the uterus crowded 
with ova. Length, 2.10 mm.; diameter, 0.77 mm.; ova, 0.015 by 
0.009 mm. Two larval dibothria had penetrated the fragment, 
length of each 1.20 mm., breadth, 0.19 mm. 


Genus ECTENURUS Looss, 1907 
ECTENURUS VIRGULA Linton 
PLATE 8, Ficure 78 


Ectenurus virgula Linton, Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ. 183, pp. 638, 64, 
fig. 148 (from Clupanodon pseudohispanicus, Tortugas, Fla.), 1910. 


A distome (U.S.N.M. No. 8373), collected August 17, 1913, from 
Trachurops crumenophthalma, is in close agreement with distomes 
from the Spanish sardine, collected at the Dry Tortugas. The nuchal 
eminence, which characterizes Looss’s genus H'ctenurus, cannot be 
distinguished, but neither can it be seen in some of the Tortugas 
specimens. 

The body is transversely striate with sharply and rather coarsely 
serrate margins. The diameter of the ventral sucker is about three 
times that of the oral; pharynx subglobular. The neck is much 
contracted, and the appendix is retracted. The genital aperture is 
at the ventral margin of the oral sucker; cirrus pouch slender; 
seminal vessicle divided into three compartments, one following the 
other, and increasing slightly in size posteriorly, dorsal and poste- 
rior to ventral sucker. The two testes lie near the posterior border 
of the ventral sucker and are diagonally placed. The right testis is 
close to the border of the sucker, and the left is contiguous to the 
posteroventral surface of the posterior division of the seminal 
vesicle. The ovary is larger than the testes and is contiguous to 
the posterior border of the left testis. Length of first testis, 0.08 
mm., breadth, 0.12 mm.; length of second testis, 0.08 mm., breadth, 
0.15 mm.; length of ovary, 0.15 mm., breadth, 0.19 mm. Vitellaria 
tubular, on right, left, and posterior sides of the ovary. The folds 
of the uterus are mainly behind the ovary and vitellaria, filling the 
space between the vitellaria and the base of the appendix. The 
ova are small, collapsed, and crowded, and difficult to measure; about 
0.016 by 0. 008 mm. 

Measurements in balsam: Length, 1.4 mm.; breadth, 0.48 mm.; 
diameter of oral sucker, 0.11 mm., of pharynx, 0.07 mm., of ventral 
sucker, 0.80 mm. 


TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 143 


Genus LECITHOCLADIUM Liihe, 1901 
LECITHOCLADIUM GULOSUM (Linton) 


PuatTe 8, FicurEs 79-82 


Distomum gulosum Linton, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, p. 454, figs. 315- 
317, 1901.—NicoLL, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 19, p. 69, 1907. 
Lecithocladium gulosum (Linton), Looss, Zool. Jahrb., vol. 26, p. 185, 1907. 


One specimen from the chub mackerel was observed to have a dis- 
tinct hump on the neck, thus resembling Z. cristatwm (Rudolphi), 
but this nuchal hump may be due to contraction, since it is absent 
from others which are mounted in a position to show the neck in 
lateral view. There is no indication of the incised serrations char- 
acteristic of Z. exciswm (Rudolphi). 


TABLE 34.—Measurements of the seminal vesicle of Lecithocladium gulosum in 
two series of cross sections and four series of sagittal sections 


Measurements Cross Sagittal 
Mm. | Mm. Mm. | Mm. | Mm. | Mm. 
WOnpt hes ree gs ele g 58 ees UES he ek 0. 42 0. 49 0. 46 0. 52 0. 53 0. 64 
WaSIMIGiaMmOLene se sos see e ee ee eee ee .32 . 24 a!) . 28 silky) . 20 
Maximum thickness of wall_......_.------------------ .10 . 08 . 08 . 06 -05 . 02 


Taste 35.—WVeasurements of specimens of Lecithocladium gulosum in balsam 


From From From 
Measurements Poronotus Pneumato- Scomber 
triacanthus phorus grez scombrus 


Mm. Mm. Mm. Mm. Mm. Mm 


TA GE scsees a eh pe elas ee AM bE RR a a eS es 8. 40 8.82 7.42 9. 42 6. 58 6. 02 
read Uhh sacs. sees. Oyo epee et ee 1.14 1.16 .94 1,12 380) - 55 
Gralisucker; length 26 ss eee Cis a a a ee ee - 46 51 46 . 56 .42 . 45 
Oralisneker breag@thenae se eee ee ee 42 . 36 .39 . 52 +20 .33 
Pharynx; 1eaethe ty lan ees ee ee ee eee -42 . 38 45 .49 .42 45 
Bharyix: breaa thse =o te ee ees Pee 18 .19 =o) ae a mala, 
WertralcsicCker MOneth 2 ses s-esee ue tee eee .40 - 42 .39 - 43 300 .34 
Ventralisucker,, breadth... .£2 #2... 22-20 28228 -38 . 36 .39 -43 135 . 34 
Neminalivesicle length.) 5). ee ee med ae mia 1.09 . 56 bd 
seminal vesicle, Dreadtne =.= a oe eee sao . 25 Sol vou .18 o17 


The ova in all the balsam mounts are crowded and collapsed, about 
0.018 by 0.009 mm. Average of 10 specimens from P. triacanthus: 
Length of oral sucker, 0.32 mm.; of pharynx, 0.29 mm.; of ventral 
sucker, 0.20 mm. Average of 10 from P. grew: Length of oral 
sucker, 0.28 mm.; of pharynx, 0.29 mm.; of ventral sucker, 0.23 mm. 

Hosts.—Doliarfish (Poronotus triacanthus), chub mackerel (Pneu- 
matophorus grex), common mackerel (Scomber scombrus). 


144 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 88 


Record of collections—From dollarfish: Three, collected July 24, 
1918. Two (U.S.N.M. No. 8374), collected July 25, 1918. 

From chub mackerel: One, collected August 15, 1918, fragment, 
suckers missing. Excretory vessel, dark brown, slender, extends 
from posterior end to anterior edge of testes, where it divides into 
two lateral vessels; length, 5 mm. 

Twelve, collected August 19, 1918. Some of these are fragments 
as on previous date. The suckers adhere to the mucous membrane 
of the host and the worms have a tendency to break behind the ven- 
tral sucker unless care is taken in removing them. Measurements, 
life: Length, 6 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.48 mm., breadth, 0.38 
mm.; pharynx, length, 0.42 mm., breadth, 0.20 mm.; diameter of 
ventral sucker, 0.42 mm. Length very variable, depending on the 
degree of contraction. 

Fifteen and several fragments, collected August 31, ; very 
extensible, some of them stretching to a length of 15 mm. or more. 

Collection of August 22, 1910. Number not noted. Color of body 
reddish, neck translucent-white, entire. Length as much as 6 mm. 
Measurements, life: Length, 5.836 mm.; breadth, 0.87 mm.; oral 
sucker, length, 0.58 mm.; breadth, anterior, 0.56 mm., posterior, 0.21 
mm.; pharynx, length 0.56 mm., breadth, anterior, 0.21 mm., pos- 
terior, 0.25 mm.; ventral sucker, length, 0.49 mm., breadth, 0.54 mm.; 
ova, 0.02 by 0.01 mm. 

Seventeen, collected August 18, 1920; various contraction forms, 
with tendency to be somewhat swollen toward the posterior end when 
the appendix is retracted. Seven (U.S.N.M. No. 8375), collected 
July 21, 1928; actively contracting and extending, from 4 to 9 mm. 

Five, collected August 6, 1928; 3 to 7 mm., translucent, reddish 
yellow in region of uterus. One (U.S.N.M. No. 8376), collected 
August 28, 1928. Six, collected July 6, 1929; 3 fishes examined. 
Thirty-two, collected July 11, 1929; 3 fishes examined. Four, col- 
lected July 29, 1929; 3 fishes examined. Twenty-eight, collected 
August 19, 1929; 3 fishes examined. 

From common mackerel: Two (U.S.N.M. No. 8877), collected 
August 10,1906. Measurements, life: Length, 7 mm.; diameter, an- 
terior, 0.37 mm., middle, 0.84 mm., thence tapering to 0.28 mm. or 
less at the posterior end; oral sucker, length, 0.49 mm., breadth, 
0.28 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.42 mm., breadth, 0.16 mm.; diameter of 
ventral sucker, 0.35 mm.; ova, 0.02 by 0.01 mm. 


CYST CONTAINING TREMATODE OVA 
PLATE 11, Ficure 108 


A cyst from the wall of the postbranchial chamber of a summer 
flounder (Paralichthys dentatus), collected by Dr. C. W. Hahn, July 


TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 145 


25, 1910, contains coils of the uterus of a distome. The specimen in 
balsam measures: Length, 3.57 mm.; maximum breadth, about 1 
mm.; ova, 0.024 by 0.012 mm. Portions of the uterus are filled with 
ova, while other portions contain yellow, granular material, presum- 
ably yolk granules. In some places this material is associated with 
ova. The size of this fragment suggests a distome of the dimensions 
of Dinurus pinguis, but the ova are distinctly larger than they are 
in that species. (U.S.N.M. No. 8378.) 


Family ACCACOELIIDAE Odhner, 1928 


Distomes from the pelagic sunfish, I/ola mola, are here considered. 

These are medium to large distomes with elongated and strongly 
muscular bodies, in most cases smooth; neck short and often more 
or less reflected dorsally; ventral sucker larger than oral, often pedi- 
celled, thus causing the anterior end of the worm to appear to be 
forked. Pharynx much smaller than oral sucker, usually long-pyri- 
form; esophagus long, intestinal rami elongate with anterior diver- 
ticula, giving to the intestine the characteristic H-shape. Excretory 
vessel Y-form with short stem and short branches; genital pore ven- 
tral, median, behind oral sucker; copulatory organ muscular; ejacu- 
latory duct surrounded by prostatic cells; seminal vesicle tubular, 
convoluted, usually entirely in front of ventral sucker, or dorsal to 
it. Testes behind ventral sucker, close together, one following the 
other. Ovary behind testes, median; shell gland at anterior edge of 
ovary; no seminal receptacle, the sperm being stored in the early 
folds of the uterus; vitellaria lateral variously distributed in the 
different species; uterus voluminous, mainly behind the ovary; metra- 
term with muscular walls, ventral to seminal vesicle and prostate; 
ova numerous, small. The relative positions of structures, especially 
at the anterior end, are subject to considerable alteration with vary- 
ing contraction conditions. 

The classification adopted by Odhner * has been followed: 


Genus ACCACOELIUM Monticelli, 1893 
ACCACOELIUM CONTORTUM (Rudolphi) 


Distomum contortum (Rudolphi), Linton, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 20, pp. 
528-530, pl. 48, figs. 3-7, 1898; Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, p. 466, 
1901.—SUMNER, OSBURN, and Cote, Bull. U. 8. Bur. Fisheries, vol. 31, pt. 
2, p. 582, 1911. 

Accacoelium contortum (Rudolphi), ODHNER, Zool. Anz., vol. 77, p. 172, 1928. 


Anterior part of body covered with blunt, papillalike spines; pre- 
pharynx protrudes into oral sucker, forming a conical papilla; geni- 
144 Rhynchopharynz paradoza n. g., n. sp. nebst Revision der Accacoeliden von Ortho- 
goriscus mola. Zool. Anz., vol. 66, pp. 167-175, 1928, 
1555994010 


146 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou, 88 


tal pore at level of posterior edge of oral sucker; copulatory organ 
large; ejaculatory duct convoluted, surrounded by prostatic cells; 
convoluted seminal vesicle, dorsal to ventral sucker; first testis some 
distance behind ventral sucker; vitellaria mainly behind ovary. 

Measurements made on a series of sagittal sections: Length, 10.00 
mm.; maximum breadth, 1.60 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.70 mm., 
breadth, 0.91 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.42 mm., breadth, 0.21 mm.; 
ventral sucker, length, 1.19 mm., breadth, 1.40 mm.; anterior end to 
posterior edge of ventral sucker, 3.78 mm.; anterior end to first 
testis, 5.18 mm.; second testis to ovary, 0.56 mm.; ova, maximum, 
about 0.033 by 0.021 mm. 


TABLE 36.—Measurements of four specimens of Accacoelium contortum in balsam. 


Measurement 1 2 3 4 


eng thee oe nee es eee Seen Reena e anes e Ree e mee Sees 14. 00 15. 00 14. 00 15. 00 
Maximum Dread thse ees ee ee ee Be Sen nee 1.00 2.00 1. 50 1.00 
Oralisuckerjlenethe: ose eee ee ee oe eee tee ea anae . 50 .70 . 56 . 56 
Oralisuckersbresath= 200s s-)— 2 ee ee aan en eeee . 38 .62 . 56 . 50 
Pharynxv lengthy sss seer k a hens so ey see ae eee . 28 . 42 .35 . 28 
Pharynx,breadine =. e222 a eee eae eke .14 . 16 - 16 .14 
Ventral sucker, length: 2a02 2 44s Senco ee eae eee ene . 63 1,12 . 70 Erleh 
Voentral’sticker; breadth... ssc. ce. 4 See ee ee ee .70 91 . 84 . 56 
Length of ventral sucker and pedicel-_-_...---------------------- 1,68 1.05 1.33 2.10 


Host.—Ocean sunfish (Mola mola). 

Record of collections—A collection (U.S.N.M. No. 8379), of July 
20, 1914. Number not recorded in notes. Heads and necks inserted 
in mucous membrane of pharynx; body slender, cylindrical, tapering 
to posterior end, yellowish. These worms were still active after lying 
in sea water over night. 

Twenty-five (U.S.N.M. No. 8380), collected September 3, 1925, in 
one mass in pharynx of host. These distomes were found by Dr. 
G. A. MacCallum while examining the gills of a sunfish. 

Twenty-five, collected July 19, 1926, in anterior portion of alimen- 
tary canal, and on gills. 


Genus ACCACLADOCOELIUM Odhner, 1928 
ACCACLADOCOELIUM MACROCOTYLE (Diesing) 


Distomum macrocotyle Diesing, LINnTon, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 20, pp. 522, 
528, pl. 45, figs. 8-10, pl. 46, figs. 1-5, 1898; Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, 
p. 282, 1900; ibid., p. 466, 1901.—SumNner, OsBuRN, and CoLr, Bull. U. S. Bur. 
Fish., vol. 31, pt. 2, p. 583 1911. 

Accacladocoelium macrocotyle (Diesing), ODHNER, Zool. Anz., vol. 77, p. 172 
1928. 


TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 147 


Smooth; genital pore at posterior edge of oral sucker; copulatory 
organ short, ejaculatory duct not much convoluted; prostate large; 
convoluted seminal vesicle at anterior dorsal border of ventral sucker ; 
first testis usually near ventral sucker; vitellaria extend from oral 
sucker to ovary; ova about 0.024 by 0.018 mm. 

Measurements, balsam, lateral view: Length, 13.00 mm.; maximum 
breadth, 1.54 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.61 mm., breadth, 0.56 mm. ; 
ventral sucker, length, 1.88 mm., breadth, 1.30 mm.; anterior end to 
posterior border of ventral sucker, 3.24 mm.; anterior end to first 
testis, 8.15 mm.; second testis to ovary, 0.21 mm.; ovary to posterior 
end, 6.30 mm. 

Measurements made on a series of sagittal sections: Length, 10.00 
mm.; maximum breadth, 1.26 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.50 mm., 
breadth, 0.50 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.30 mm., breadth, anterior, 0.08 
mm., breadth, posterior, 0.15 mm.; ventral sucker, length, 1.20 mm., 
breadth, 1 mm.; anterior end to posterior border of ventral sucker, 
3.85 mm.; anterior end to first testis 3.85 mm.; second testis to ovary, 
0.40 mm.; ovary to posterior end, 4.12 mm.; copulatory organ, re- 
tracted, length, 0.24 mm., breadth, 0.07 mm. 

Host—Ocean sunfish (J/ola mola). 

Record of collections —Eleven (U.S.N.M. No. 8381), collected July 
20, 1914, from intestine of host; fusiform, elongate posteriorly ; trans- 
lucent; intestine dark brown; uterus greenish yellow. A number of 
these distomes were clinging to cestodes (Ancystrocephalus micro- 
cephalus); maximum length, compressed under cover-glass, about 
18 mm. 

Fourteen (U.S.N.M. No. 8382), collected September 3, 1925, from 
intestine of host; 20 mm. in length, in alcohol. 


Genus ACCACLADIUM Odhner, 1928 
ACCACLADIUM SERPENTULUS Odhner 


Distomum nigroflavum Rudolphi, Linton, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 20, pp. 530, 
531, pl. 48, figs. 8-11, pl. 49, figs. 1, 2, 1898; Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, 
p. 282, 1900; ibid., p. 406, 1901—Sumner, OspurN, and Cots, Bull. U. S. Bur. 
Fisheries, p. 31; pt. 2, p. 583, 1911. 
Accacladium serpentulus ODHNER, Zool. Anz., vol. 77, pp. 173-174, fig. 3, 1928. 
Nearly smooth, but with a few minute, scattering papillae at the 
anterior end. There is a blunt papilla in the oral sucker at the 
entrance of the prepharynx. Genital pore some distance back of 
posterior edge of oral sucker. In a series of sagittal sections, distance 
between oral and ventral suckers about 2 mm.; the genital pore is 
about 0.5 mm. back of the oral sucker. Copulatory organ rather 
large; in a series of sagittal sections, length, 0.70 mm., diameter, 0.14 
mm., tapering to 0.07 mm. at its anterior end. The prostate is well 


148 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM von, 88 


developed. In a specimen mounted in balsam, copulatory organ 
everted, the length of the prostate is 0.70 mm., its diameter 0.14 mm., 
ejaculatory duct somewhat convoluted. In a series of sagittal sec- 
tions, copulatory organ retracted, the length of the prostate is 0.56 
mm., diameter, 0.50 mm.; ejaculatory duct much convoluted. Seminal 
vesicle tubular, convoluted, dorsal to and behind ventral sucker; first 
testis some distance back of ventral sucker; folds of uterus behind 
ovary and also between ventral sucker and first testis; vitellaria 
behind ventral sucker, extending nearly to ovary. Ova, 0.027 by 
0.019 mm. to 0.03 by 0.021 mm. 

Measurements, balsam, lateral view: Length, 12.00 mm., maximum 
diameter, 1.12 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.70 mm., breadth, 0.63 mm.; 
pharynx, length, 0.85 mm., breadth, 0.14 mm.; ventral sucker, 0.91 
mm., breadth, 0.63 mm.; anterior end to posterior border of ventral 
sucker, 2.38 mm.; anterior end to first testis, 3.36 mm.; second testis 
to ovary, 0.28 mm.; ovary to posterior end, 4.42 mm. 

Host.—Ocean sunfish (Mola mola). 

Record of collections—HEHleven (U.S.N.M. No. 8883), collected 
July 20, 1914, from intestine of host. 

One, collected September 3, 1925, from intestine of host. Length 
of neck, 4 mm., length of body back of ventral sucker, 40 mm.; 
length of ventral sucker and pedicel, 3 mm. 

Several, collected July 19, 1926, found in intestine of host; num- 
ber not recorded. 

Thirteen, collected July 18, 1927, in intestine of host. 


Genus OROPHOCOTYLE Looss, 1902 


OROPHOCOTYLE FOLIATA (Linton) 


Distomum foliatum Linton, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 20, pp. 532-584, pl. 50, 
figs. 1-3; pl. 51, figs. 1-4, 1898; Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, p. 282, 
1900; ibid; p. 466, 1901—SumMNeR, OsBuRN, and Corer, Bull. U. S. Bur. 
Fish., vol. 31, pt. 2, p. 583, 1911. 

Orophocotyle foliata (Linton), Looss, Centralb]l Bakt., Parasit., vol. 31, p. 644, 
1902.—OpuHNrFR, Zool. Anz., vol. 77, p. 175, 1928. 

Odhner * is of the opinion that Monticelli’s Distomum calyptroco- 
tyle is the immature form of D. foliatum. 

Smooth; ventral sucker with accessory lobes, often pedicelled, 
much larger than oral; genital pore a short distance behind oral 
sucker; copulatory organ short; ejaculatory duct rather short, con- 
voluted; prostate not large; convoluted seminal vesicle in front of 
ventral sucker, some of its folds dorsal to prostatic portion of 
ejaculatory duct. First testis, in some cases near, even on a level 


15 Zool. Anz., vol. 38, p. 525, 191135 vol. 77, p. 175, 1928. 


TREMATODES FROM FISHES-——LINTON 149 


with the ventral sucker, in others at a considerable distance behind 
the ventral sucker, with numerous folds of the uterus between 
testis and ventral sucker; vitellaria in neck and extending from the 
oral sucker to the testes, vitelline ducts continuing to the shell gland. 
Ova, maximum in balsam, 0.030 by 0.018 mm. to 0.033 by 0.021 mm. 


TABLE 37.—Mecasurements of five specimens of Orophocotyle foliata 


Measurement ies 21 31 4: 52 


Monet htee te eh a te ae Se ee THLOON 16200514200) | ae ee ee 
IViaxaIM TIMED TOA Gili aoe ey erye ae an mene eee ae eee . 84 fob PSA Ail [eee Uy ta ads neh 
Oralisuckersloneth y= 2202 5 ee aE eh eee eee we eee oe aeet . 53 . 67 72 0. 52 0. 63 
Oralisneker breadth: 3s sie ee ee ee .49 .74 .35 21 39 
IP DAG VIXS ONG tree ek eee Be ee oe en See ee .28 44 ,42 . 00 . 42 
IBhanynxyAbreadtube pac eeeet eres MES Tes Eee Oee S1ek Oya ee Se ee 16 221 .16 15 5233} 
Ventral sickersleno thie: se ae ete ey eS See 1.33 1.40 133 | eee Se cae eae 
Wentralsiicker sDreaGth. grate nos ate alee vee eae See .70 . 70 Le 50h |e | 
Length ventral sucker and pedicel__._-.__.__._._------_------- 1.96 deaz QE1Oe| Sah ees Se 
1 Tn balsam. 2 Sagittal sections. 


Host.—Ocean sunfish (Mola mola). 

Record of collections—Several (U.S.N.M. No. 8384), collected 
July 20, 1914, from intestine of host. 

Kight (U.S.N.M. No. 8385), collected September 3, 1925, from 
intestine of host; lengths 8 to 22 mm. 

Twenty-seven, collected July 19, 1926, from intestine of host. 


Family DIDYMOZOONIDAE Monticelli, 1888 
Genus DIDYMOZOON Taschenberg, 1878 
DIDYMOZOON SCOMBRI Taschenberg 
PLATE 23, FicuRES 305-509 


Didymozoon scombri Taschenberg, ODHNER, Surtrych ur “Zoologische Studien” 
tillagnade T. Tullberg, pp. 311-328, text figs. 1, 2, pl. figs. 1-11, 1907. 


A tangled mass of trematodes (U.S.N.M. No. 8386), found in the 
intestinal wall of a butterfish (Poronotus triacanthus), July 24, 
1918, was straightened out on a slide and fixed under slight pres- 
sure. The entire lot consists of seven individuals, aggregate length 
in alcohol 264 mm. Length of one of the longest specimens in 
balsam, 40 mm.; breadth near oral sucker, 0.53 mm., elsewhere from 
0.18 to 0.52 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.23 mm., breadth, 0.21 mm. In 
another, diameter of oral sucker, 0.29 mm.; breadth near oral sucker, 
0.63 mm., for the first 2 mm. of the length; elsewhere the breadth 
varies from 0.28 to 0.385 mm.; rami of the intestines could be traced 
for a short distance but were soon hidden by the uterus. In one 
specimen, approximately 40 mm. in length, the anterior end of the 


150 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM voL. 88 


first testis was about 1.6 mm. from the anterior end. The tubular 
ovary began near the testes and continued in the germ duct which 
ended at the shell gland, about 15 mm. from the anterior end. The 
tubular vitelline gland extended from the shell gland to the posterior 
end. The uterus, lying mainly in two longitudinal folds, fills the 
body in most cases from near the oral sucker to the posterior end. 
The uterus and ejaculatory duct appeared to open at the posterior 
margin of the oral sucker in one; while in another the uterus can 
be traced to the right anterior ventral margin of the oral sucker, 
thence it appears to cross over to the left anterior border. In an- 
other the uterus opens at the ventral edge of the oral sucker a little 
to the left of the median line. In another the uterus opens on the 
median line at the anterior ventral border of the oral sucker. Where 
best shown the opening of the uterus is slightly prominent, as a very 
low rounded papilla at the ventral border of the oral sucker. 

There is much variation in the testes. In general the right testis 
is considerably in advance of the other. Thus, in one the left testis 
is much smaller than the right, and its anterior end is about on a 
level with the posterior end of the right testis. Each is elongated 
and more or less convolute-lobed. In another the relative positions 
are about the same but the second, or left, testis is larger than the 
first. In another the testes are nearly opposite, as figured by Odhner. 
In another they are opposite and very much reduced in size. In this 
specimen the uterus exhibits regional inflations as in Odhner’s figure 
(1. ¢., fig. 8). 

DIDYMOZOON SARDAE (G. A. and W. G. MacCallum) 
PLATE 23, FiecuRE 310 


Koellikeria sardae G. A. and W. G. MacCatium, Zool. Jahrb., vol. 39, pp. 161-166, 
figs. 11-16, 1916. 


Following is a record of collections of this trematode which were 
made by Mr. Edwards and myself. So far as details of the anatomy 
are shown in mounted material they agree with the description of the 
species given by the MacCallums. In one of the specimens mounted 
in balsam the intestine is seen to divide at about the middle of the 
length of the testes, or 2.8 mm. from the anterior end. The esoph- 
agus 1s conspicuous, being surrounded by a thick wall of cells, while 
the walls of the intestine are exceedingly thin. 

Host—Bonito (Sarda sarda). 

Record of collections—F¥our, collected July 7, 1903, by Vinal N. 
Edwards, from gills of one fish. 

Measurements in formalin: Largest cyst, length, 12 mm., breadth, 
3.5 mm.; smallest cyst, length, 7 mm.; breadth, 4.5 mm. Two worms 
from largest cyst measured 34 and 37 mm. in length, respectively; 


TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 151 


maximum breadth, 0.9 mm.; necklike portion at anterior end, length, 
6.5 mm.; breadth, 0.45 mm.; diameter at anterior end, 0.33 mm.; 
diameter of oral sucker, 0.26 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.21 mm., breadth, 
0.15 mm.; ova, 0.014 by 0.011 mm. Worms from smallest cyst of 
practically the same dimensions as those from largest cyst. 

Two cysts from one of three fishes examined August 18, 1903. 
One fish examined on August 19, two on August 20, and one on 
August 24; no cysts found. Length of cyst, 10 mm.; diameter, 3 
mm. Two worms from each cyst, measuring 50 mm. in length in sea 
water. Walls of cyst transparent; color of worms yellow, due to ova 
in the voluminous folds of the uterus; neck translucent, bluish-white, 
traversed by a yellow line, the metraterm. Measurements, life: Oral 
sucker, length, 0.17 mm., breadth, 0.20 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.17 
mm., breadth, 0.15 mm. Three cysts from gills, two worms in each 
cyst, collected by Vinal N. Edwards September 22, 1903. 

Six cysts from gills, collected June 17, 1904, by Vinal N. Edwards; 
long oval-elliptical, length 10 mm., diameter, 3.5 mm. 

Cysts from gills. Edwards examined the gills of 100 bonitos on 
August 31, 1904, and found about 10 out of every 12 infected, with 
2 and 8 cysts on each infected fish. 

One cyst collected July 8, 1905, from gills containing two worms, 
one 50 mm. in length, the other slightly less. 

Gills of bonito were examined on six dates, August 10 to 27, 1906, 
no cysts found. 

Three cysts from gills (U.S.N.M. No. 8387), two worms in each 
cyst, collected August 3, 1908. These were younger stages than any of 
those hitherto recorded. One of them was examined while it was still 
active. Length of esophagus about 2.5 mm.; intestinal rami extend 
to the posterior end, and in places contained orange-colored granular 
material. The anterior end of the uterus, metraterm, was nearly 
straight, lay beside the esophagus and opened at the junction between 
the oral sucker and pharynx; ova, 0.014 by 0.009 mm., yellowish, but 
with moderately high magnification, both by transmitted and reflected 
light, they appear to be faintly greenish. In another specimen, 
length, 18 mm., neck slender, length, 3.5 mm.; anterior end white, re- 
mainder of body lemon yellow, due to ova; rami of intestine con- 
voluted; neck very contractile; oral sucker and pharynx each oval- 
elliptical in outline, and of about the same size, 0.015 to 0.016 mm. in 
diameter; neck very changeable, varying in diameter from 0.2 to 0.7 
mm.; movements of body back of neck very slight; diameter of body 
from 0.8 to 1 mm., tapering to posterior end. In another specimen 
the pharynx was much smaller than the oral sucker and appeared to 
be rather thin-walled and collapsed. In this specimen the neck was 
contracted so as to throw the esophagus into a number of crowded 


152 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 88 


folds which would have been difficult to interpret if other specimens 
had not been at hand. The vas deferens was traced into the neck 
where it lay ventral to the esophagus and the right of the uterus. 

Some small, yellowish masses, collected June 27, 1910, encysted on 
the viscera proved to contain trematode ova, 0.017 by 0.010 mm., asso- 
ciated with granular material. The ova resemble those of trematodes 
from the gills of the bonito. 

Slender, filiform fragments collected by Dr. C. W. Hahn, July 21, 
1911, under the mucous membrane of the inner wall of the gill cham- 
ber, also fragments from a cyst. These fragments are narrow and 
ribbonlike; ova, 0.015 by 0.009 mm. 


DIDYMCOZOON species 


PLATE 28, Fiaures 311-314 


Following are records of trematodes probably to be referred to this 
genus but which do not present sufficient characters to admit of specific 
determination. 

Hosts—F¥rigate mackerel (Auwxis rochet), chub mackerel (Pneu- 
matophorus grex), common mackerel (Scomber scombrus), rudderfish 
(Seriola zonata). 

Record of collections—Cyst on gills (U.S.N.M. No. 8388), collected 
July 12, 1912, from frigate mackerel; length, 4 mm.; diameter, 1.5 
mm. The cyst contained portions of uterus and vitellaria; ova with 
rather thin shells, much crowded, about 0.018 by 0.009 mm. ‘The speci- 
men was doubled on itself and represented a length of about 6.65 mm., 
breadth, 0.63 mm. 

From the chub mackerel (fig. 313): A small yellow cyst, collected 
August 15, 1908, in muscle tissue beside the anal aperture of the host. 
Three yellow cysts, collected in August, 1908, from gills of one fish, 
and one from another (U.S.N.M. No. 8389). These cysts contained 
slender trematode fragments filled with ova about 0.012 by 0.006 mm. 
Fragments mounted in balsam aggregate about 25 mm. in length, 
and vary in breadth from 0.05 to 0.26 mm. One specimen complete, 
length about 18 mm., breadth varying from 0.05 to 0.28 mm.; oral 
sucker, terminal, about 0.07 mm. in diameter; pharynx not distinct, 
being hidden by ova. 

From common mackerel (figs. 311, 312): Two yellow, globular 
cysts on pyloric caeca (U.S.N.M. No. 8390), collected August 10, 
1906. One cyst contained a threadlike trematode, broken into frag- 
ments which aggregated a length of about 180 mm., and, for the 
most part, 0.07 to 0.14 mm. in breadth; ova, 0.014 by 0.008 mm. Two 
heads were found. Diameter at anterior end, 0.14 mm., at 0.28 mm. 
from anterior end, 0.29 mm., at 1 mm. from anterior end, 0.15 mm. 
The second cyst contained a large number of eggs. These frag- 


TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 153 


ments were mounted in balsam but the slide does not appear to have 
either of the heads. 

From rudderfish (fig. 314) : Twelve (U.S.N.M. No. 8391), collected 
September 12, 1928. Slender distomes firmly attached to the mucous 
membrane of the stomach; there was some inflammation at the point 
of attachment. Many fragments were obtained and mounted in 
balsam. Maximum diameter, 0.25 mm. In addition to folds of the 
uterus crowded with ova there are remnants of tubular vitellaria. 
The ova are rather elongate, more or less collapsed, from 0.024 by 
0.010 to 0.027 by 0.012 mm. 


Genus WEDLIA Cobbold, 1860 
WEDLIA BIPARTITA (Wedl) 
PLATE 23, Figures 315-317; PLate 24, Ficure 318 


Wedlia bipartita (Wedl), ODHNER, “Zoologische Studien” tillagnade Prof. T. 
Tullberg, pp. 323-892, pl. figs. 12, 13; text figs. 3-6, 1907.—FuHRMANN, 
Handb. Zool., Kiikenthal-Krumbach, vol. 2, pp. 64, 65, 73-75, figs. 85, 97, 1928. 

Koellikeria (Didymozoon) thynni Taschenberg, G. A. and W. G. MAcCarLum, 
Zool. Jahrb., vol. 39, p. 144, 1916. 

For the older literature see Stiles and Hassall, Hygienic Lab. Bull. No. 37, 
1908: Didymocystis wedlei Ariola, p. 152; Didymozoon thynni Taschenberg, 
p. 158; Monostomum bipartitwum Wedl, p. 310; Wedlia bipartita (Wedl, 
1844), p. 383. 


Following are brief notes on encysted trematodes from the horse 
mackerel (Zhwnnus secundodorsalis) : 

Record of collections—Thirty or more (U.S.N.M. No. 8392), col- 
lected July 31, 1914. These were first noted as small yellow spots 
among the intestinal villi. Later three larger cysts were found 
among the pyloric caeca. The egg-filled portion of one of these 
trematodes which was removed from its cyst measured 1.45 mm. in 
length and 1.71 mm. in breadth. A protruding anterior end meas- 
ured 0.45 mm. in length; breadth, anterior, 0.30 mm., posterior, 0.03 
mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.15 mm., breadth, 0.12 mm.; no pharynx 
noted. Ova, 0.021 by 0.014 mm. 

Another, an immature specimen, was somewhat dumbell shaped. 
Measurements: Length, 1.24 mm., breadth of anterior potrion, 0.30 
mm., of middle portion 0.04 to 0.07 mm., posterior portion, 0.48 mm. ; 
oral sucker, length, 0.10 mm., breadth, 0.09 mm.; pharynx, length, 
0.04 mm., breadth, 0.02 mm. 

Among the numerous specimens in the collection mounted in 
balsam is one in which the anterior ends of two trematodes protrude 
side by side from the oblong massive portion in which only folds of 
the uterus, crowded with ova, and a few portions of the tubular 
vitellaria can be made out. In one of these the uterus, and in the 
other the ejaculatory duct can be seen, each opening at the posterior 


154 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM voL. 88 


border of the oral sucker. In addition to the uterus and vitellaria, 
two small, deeply staining bodies, opposite each other and situated 
at the margin, a little in front of the middle of the length of a flat- 
tened specimen, were interpreted as the testes, and another on the 
median line, a little back of the middle, as the ovary. No pharynx 
can be made out satisfactorily in this specimen, although a faint in- 
dication of one appears in the head of the female. Another speci- 
men with a reniform massive portion containing the uterus, etc., also 
has two protruding heads side by side. These differ considerably in 
size. Measurements of female: Breadth at level of oral sucker, 0.18 
mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.075 mm., breadth, 0.090 mm. Measure- 
ments of male: Breadth at level of oral sucker, 0.06 mm.; oral sucker, 
length, 0.045 mm., breadth, 0.060 mm. Length of common egg- 
containing portion, 0.70 mm., breadth, 1.12 mm. 

Kight cysts, collected by Vinal N. Edwards, September 22, 1914, 
from pyloric caeca. These were at first taken to be pedicelled cysts, 
but they proved to be pyloric caeca in the lumens of which the 
trematodes were lodged. 

Four, collected June 29, 1915, encysted in the pyloric caeca, yellow; 
largest, length, 9 mm., breadth, 4.5 mm.; smallest, length, 3 mm., 
breadth, 1.5 mm.; ova, 0.028 by 0.014 mm. 


WEDLIA XIPHIADOS (G. A. and W. G. MacCallum) 


Koellikeria viphiados (G. A. and W. G. MacCatitum), Zool. Jahrb., vol. 39, pp. 
148-1538, figs. 1-5, 1916. 


Cysts from flesh behind gill cavity collected July 21, 1913. These 
cysts came from a swordfish (Xiphias gladius), taken by Charles 
Grinnell. The specimens had been more or less mutilated, but it was 
possible to trace a slender tube containing blood vessels from each 
cyst toward the gill cavity. Before this material was turned over to 
Dr. MacCallum, who was giving special attention to trematodes on the 
gills of fishes, a few notes were made. Upon comparing my notes 
with the detailed description given by the MacCallums I find them in 
agreement, with the exception of the dimensions of the ova. These 
are stated in the description of the species to be 0.06 mm. in diameter. 
My notes give the dimensions as 0.021 by 0.016 mm. In some ivory 
white tubules the ova were slightly smaller than the yellow, older 
ova. They measured 0.020 by 0.016 mm., and, so far as observed, had 
developed to the two-celled stage. 

A short papilla, 4 mm. long and 4 by 3 mm. in diameter, was ob- 
served on the side of one of the trematodes. It had a mouthlike 
opening at the end and along one side. Within the papilla there 
was a thin membrane, richly supplied with blood vessels, which ap- 
peared to be distributed generally among the tubular genitalia of the 
trematode. 


TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 155 


One of these trematodes after removal from its cyst measured 40 
by 28 by 24 mm. 


Family HETEROPHYIDAE Odhner, 1914 


Genus CRYPTOCOTYLE Liithe, 1899 
CRYPTOCOTYLE LINGUA (Creplin) 


Cryptocotyle lingua (Creplin), Ryprr, Bull. U. 8S. Fish Comm. for 1884, pp. 37-42, 
1884.—Linton, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, pp. 281, 296, pl. 40, figs. 76-81, 
1900 ; ibid., pp. 462, 463, fig. 318, 1901.—Ransom, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 57, 
pp. 544-548, 1920.—Linton, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 73, art. 1, pp. 19-20, 
1928.—StunKARD and Witty, Amer. Journ. Trop. Med., vol. 9, pp. 117-128, 
6 figs., 1929-—SrunKarp, Journ. Morph. and Physiol., vol. 50, pp. 148-191, 
pls. 1-4, 19380. 

Dermocystis ctenolabri STAFFORD, Zool. Anz., vol. 28, p. 682, 1905. 

Tocotrema lingua (Creplin), Linton, Journ. Parasit., vol. 1, pp. 128-184, 3 figs., 
1915. 

The following record of distomes encysted in the skin of Woods 
Hole fishes is compiled from notes made on various occasions from 
1903 to 1927. Many of the notes were made while small fishes were 
being examined for their food, and are, consequently, difficult to 
reduce to a tabular form. Also, since it was not always possible to 
give exact numbers, approximations are marked with a plus-or-minus 
sign in the tabular summary. 

In some cases these cysts occur in great numbers. Thus, a window- 
pane (Lophopsetta maculata) 32 cm. in length and 24 cm. in breadth, 
was examined for cysts on July 14, 1924, and the following note 
made: The entire surface, including the fins, was densely and uni- 
formly peppered with encysted distomes, with the usual accompany- 
ing pigmentation; several on corneas of eyes; mouth, pharynx, and 
gills thickly beset with them. Counts were made at different places 
on the surface and it was found that 50 per square centimeter would 
be a conservative estimate of the degree of infection. The number of 
cysts on the surface, not including the mouth, pharyngeal and gill 
regions, according to this estimate would be about 76,800. 

These cysts are very common on the tautog (7autoga onitis). Thus, 
in 1908, 97 tautogs, from 8.5 to 34 em. in length, were examined on 
16 dates, from July 23 to September 3. Only an occasional fish was 
noted on, which cysts were not present on the fins, and in most cases 
on the sides. Occasionally one is recorded as having large numbers 
of cysts. Thus, one seined at the Weepeckets, August 4, length 27 
centimeters, had approximately 75 cysts on each eye. Eleven scales 
taken at random from the sides had an average of 10.2 cysts 
per scale, ranging from 0 to 13 mm. 

The cunner (7Z'autogolabrus adspersus) is probably more generally 
infested by this parasite (U.S.N.M. No. 8393) than any of the Woods 
Hole fishes, with the possible exception of the tautog. 


156 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88 


The late Dr. Irving T. Field, who, in 1903, was studying the food 
of cunners, reported that large numbers of them had cysts in the 
skin. Vinal N. Edwards in 1905 reports that he examined over 200 
cunners taken in the seine at Quisset Harbor and found all to be 
infected. He states that he looked them over carefully to see if he 
could find one that was free from skin parasites, but did not find 
any that was clear of cysts. He also reports that he examined 100 
cunners at Menemsha Bight, taken in fish trap and by seine, but saw 
no skin parasites. The cunners of Menemsha, however, are not 
always free from these cysts. Thus, on July 29, 1908, 21 cunners, 
seined at Menemsha, were examined. The larger fish had numerous 
cysts on the fins and sides; the smaller fish were, most of them, 
lightly infested, although one of the smallest, 8 cm. in length, had 
numerous cysts. Cunners from the fish trap at Menemsha, however, 
were found to be practically free from skin parasites, while those 
from traps in Buzzards Bay, near Woods Hole, were frequently 
heavily parasitized. In more or less enclosed bodies of water the 
infection is often high. Thus, at Sheep-pen Cove, August 12, 1908, 
three cunners were taken, each of which was densely peppered with 
black pigment spots; 24 scales were taken at random from the side 
of the larger one, 18 cm. in length. The average number of cysts 
per scale was 7.25; largest number on one scale 19. Also, at Hadley 
Harbor on August 24, 60 cunners, chosen at random from a large 
number taken in the seine, were examined; 29 of them were densely 
covered with cysts. The body and fins were almost black, with some 


Taste 38.—Oysts of Cryptocotyle lingua on skin and fins of Woods Hole fishes 


Ne Cysts 
Num- | ber of 

Host Month ber of | fishes Nuz 

days mod None | Few | Many | mer- 

ous 
Acanthocottus aeneus_._.---------- July, Suge -ssa6 2 6 2 Bos Sa ae | eeeereme 
Gadus morrhua--..---=-.222--=22+ IDecstt sks ire 1 [jE Ws eee Eyer ee 1 
Lophopsetta maculata_____---.---- May, July, Aug., 9 23 5 11 1 6 

Sept. 

Menticirrhus saratilis_...-.------- Aug;, Sept33-222 6 16 12 AS Aer eee 
sMenidinmotata:-2: 52) eee es July, Aug., Sept_- 10 121 81 20) || esl ae 
Microgadus tomcod___-.----------- Apr., Aug., Dec__- 5 Oe ee aloe eee 14 13 
Marlins auratus. 22 oer eee Sept) 28. sete ee 2 3 2 Pyles 38s steelers 
Oenierts snordat = es ATG ee. Sees ul aes 2 21 15 Gj) See ee eee 
Photis gqunnelites=—-- ee ae AUG eee oe eee 1 See PES tee ee eee 
Pollachivs cirens 2-22 =2- =e Apr a rAUr ese 2 BS aseke 4) 5 eee ee eee 
Pomatomus saltairiz__..---.-.-----| July, Aug., Sept-- 1 70 67 Bi fe ee lle 
Poronotus triacanthus_____-------- VEY, -AUg2= = =e 3 3) pees ence oe 3 
Pseudopleuronectes americanus__..| July, Aug., Sept- 12 67 £34 =EdOi|2- ee 3 
Scomber scombrus ....-------------- DULY, ACs oe eee 10 78 54 20 Bid dh 
Tautoga onitis___.---- Lear ae BBL ee July, Aug., Sept-_- 29 112 +7 +65 +30 +10 
Tautogolabrus adspersus_...-.----- July, Aug., Sept_- 48 815 | +173 | +445 +48 +148 
Trachinotus falcatus_.-..---------- Sept: 2-22-42 ee 2 6 1 Bee seca 


TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 157 


blotches of red, and a ground color of dark blue. The mucous mem- 
brane of the mouth and the tongue was thickly covered with cysts. 

In all cases but one the distomes which were removed from cysts 
and examined belonged to the species C. lingua. The exception was 
in cysts from two specimens of Menidia notata seined in Great Har- 
bor, August 29, 1908, two cysts on the caudal fin of each, and three 
on each side of one. 

The foregoing tabular summary is unsatisfactory in some particu- 
lars. For example these cysts are of rather frequent occurrence in 
Microgadus tomcod and Poronotus triacanthus, which could hardly 
be inferred from the table. 

The life history of this distome has recently been worked out by 
Dr. H. W. Stunkard. An abstract of his paper appeared in the Col- 
lecting Net, vol. 5, p. 268. 


Family CLINOSTOMIDAE Lihe, 1901 


Genus CLINOSTOMUM Leidy, 1856 
CLINOSTOMUM MARGINATUM (Rudolphi) 


Clinostomum marginetwm (Rudolphi) H. L. Ossorn, Biol. Bull., vol. 20, pp. 350— 
356, pl. 1, 1911; Journ. Morph., vol. 25, pp. 189-228, pls. 1-8, 1912. 

The following records of the encysted stage of this widely dis- 
tributed parasite add some localities to those included in Osborn’s 
publications. 

Hosts.—Brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), large-mouthed black 
bass (Hwuro floridana), small-mouthed black bass (Micropterus dolo- 
miecu), yellow perch (Perca flavescens). 

Record of collections —Two distomes of this species, from the flesh 
of the brook trout from Alder Lake, Delaware County, N. Y., were 
sent to me by Dr. Tarleton H. Bean; date of sending November 27, 
1910. Length of larger, 7 mm.; breadth, 0.8 mm. 

A considerable number of trout (U.S.N.M. No. 8395) were ex- 
amined for flesh parasites at Alder Lake from June 26 to June 28, 
1911. Unfortunately the notes of this examination are missing. 
Distomes were found in the flesh of several trout, usually just beneath 
the skin. They were not numerous in any of the fishes. Specimens 
mounted in balsam measure from 3.6 to 8 mm. in length. Measure- 
ments of one of the larger specimens in balsam: Length, 8 mm.; maxi- 
mum breadth, 1.9 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.30 mm., breadth, 0.33 
mm.; ventral sucker, length, 0.85 mm., breadth, 0.92 mm. 

Alder Lake is about 40 acres in extent. No other fish than trout 
are in the lake. 

Ten large-mouthed black bass (U.S.N.M. No. 8394), taken in Bass 
Lake, White Earth Reservation, Minn., and preserved in formalin, 


158 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou, 88 


were examined at the Laboratory of the Bureau of Fisheries, Woods 
Hole, Mass., August 6, 1919. The fish had been collected at the in- 
stance of Dr. Earl A. Danielson, of Litchfield, Minn. Letters accom- 
panying the collection were dated June 18 and 23. The fish were sent 
on account of their infestation with the tapeworm Proteocephalus 
ambloplites. Immature distomes were found in the flesh of eight of 
the ten fishes, from 3 to 27 in each, 108 in all. Measurements in 
balsam: Length, 5 mm.; breadth, at level of oral sucker, 0.81 mm., 
at level of ventral sucker, 1 mm., maximum, 1.22 mm.; oral sucker, 
length, 0.25 mm., breadth, 0.26 mm.; diameter of ventral sucker, 
0.64 mm. 

Received on October 28, 1902, caudal and dorsal fins and pieces of 
the flesh of small-mouthed black bass, taken by the Rev. James H. 
Young, Troy, Ohio, in Lost Creek, Miami County, Ohio. Mr. Young 
stated that the bass taken during the summer were nearly all in- 
fested with parasites, on the fins and in the flesh, especially along 
the backbone. ‘These parasites proved to be C. marginatum. One 
removed from its cyst measured 4.5 mm. in length and 2 mm. in 
breadth. 

Three small-mouthed black bass (U.S.N.M. No. 8396), about 4 cm. 
in length, sent to the Laboratory of the Bureau of Fisheries, Woods 
Hole, Mass., by Deputy Fish and Game Warden Charles Meyers, 
Far Hills, N. J., were received on July 29, 1915. The fish were 
taken from Ravine Lake, Somerset Hills Country Club. 

Five encysted distomes of C. marginatum were found, one cyst on 
the gills, one in the gill cavity, and three in the flesh. Those on the 
gills and in the gill cavity were bright yellow, the others pale yellow. 
The largest, from the flesh, in formalin measured 9 mm. in length. 
Measurements in balsam: Length, 8.5 mm.; breadth, at level of oral 
sucker, 1.12 mm., at level of ventral sucker, 1.54 mm., maximum, 2.03 
mm.; diameter of oral sucker, 0.86 mm., ventral sucker, 0.70 mm., 
breadth, 0.83 mm. 

Received from Dr. Tarleton H. Bean on June 8, 1915, distomes 
collected from yellow perch in Honeoge, and neighboring lakes, by 
Ward’s Natural Science Establishment. There were seven distomes 
in the vial, all C. marginatum. Lengths, in formalin, 4 to 6 mm.; 
breadth, 1.5 mm. Some with fragments of cysts attached. 


Family STRIGHIDAHE Railliet, 1919 


Genus TETRACOTYLE Filippi, 1854 
TETRACOTYLE COMMUNIS Hughes 


PLATE 24, FicuRE 319 


Tetracotyle communis Hugues, Trans. Amer. Micr. Soc., vol. 47, pp. 415-419, 
figs. 1, 5, 6, 8-11, 1928. 


TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 159 


Encysted trematodes from a fresh-water fish, the wall-eyed pike 
(Stizostedion vitreum), are here recorded. 

Cysts from fish from market, Washington, Pa. (U.S.N.M. No. 
8397), presumably from Lake Erie, collected March 7, 1891. A slide 
in my collection contains sections of a cyst with enclosed larval 
trematode, and of a trematode which had been removed from its cyst. 

The structure of cyst and larva, so far as shown in these sections, 
agrees with the detailed description given by Hughes, but there is no 
trace of spines, and the pharynx is not well shown. 

Measurements of cyst, 0.80 by 0.60 mm.; of contained larva, length, 
0.55 mm., breadth, 0.42 mm.; ventral sucker, breadth, 0.17 mm., ver- 
tical diameter, 0.17 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.11 mm., breadth, 
0.14 mm. 

Genus NEASCUS Hughes, 1927 
NEASCUS CUTICOLA (van Nordmann) 
PLATE 24, FicuRES 320-323 


Diplostomum cuticola Diesing, Linton, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 20, p. 513, 
pl. 41, figs. 1-10, pl. 42, figs. 1-5, 1898. 

Diplostomum cuticola (van Nordmann), Liuun, Brauer’s Stisswasserfauna 
Deutschlands, Trematodes, pp. 166, 167, 1909. 

Neascus cuticola (van Nordmann), HuGues, Trans. Amer. Micr. Soc., vol. 47, 
pp. 331, 332, figs. 3, 9-11, 1928. 

The encysted trematodes from four species of fresh-water fishes here 
recorded, although differing somewhat in the relative proportions of 
the suckers, so far as the anatomy is shown, agree with descriptions 
of this species. 

Hosts——Large-mouthed black bass (Huro flortdana), small- 
mouthed black bass (M/icropterus dolomieu), brook trout (Salveli- 
nus fontinalis), yellow perch ( Perca flavescens). 

Record of collections—Specimens of large-mouthed black bass 
were received on July 8, 1915, from Dr. E. E. Smith. They were 
collected by T. C. H. Richardson, who stated that the fish came from 
a reserve pond where the fish were dying off. The location of the 
pond was not given, but it is in New Jersey, not far from New York 
City. Numerous cysts on fins and in the muscle tissue. The cysts 
were surrounded by black pigment. A cyst in glycerin measured 
0.40 by 0.23 mm.; estimated length of larval trematode in cyst, 
0.54 mm. 

Ten large-mouthed black bass were received on July 31, 1919. 
The fishes had been taken in June from Bass Lake, White Earth 
Reservation, Minn., and had been collected and sent at the instance 
of Dr. Earl A. Danielson. The fishes had been sent on account of 
heavy cestode infection. Cysts surrounded by black pigment were 
found on each of the fish, from 2 to 35 on each, most of them on the 


160 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vor. 88 


fins, but also under the skin and a few in the flesh. In all 95 cysts 
were noted, of which 61 were on the fins, 32 under the skin, and 2 
in the flesh. Measurements of larva in glycerin: Length, 0.80 mm.; 
breadth, 0.15 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.060 mm., breadth, 0.039 mm. ; 
ventral sucker, not distinct, length about 0.042, breadth about 
0.024 mm. 

Pieces of the skin and fins of small-mouthed black bass, with many 
pigmented cysts, were received on October 3, 1902. The fishes were 
collected by the Rev. James H. Young at Troy, Ohio. A larva 
removed from its cyst measured 0.4 mm. in length and 0.2 mm. in 
breadth. 

Received on September 25, 1903, pieces of skin with underlying 
muscle tissue of small-mouthed black bass with cysts surrounded by 
black pigment. The bass were taken from a fresh water pond near 
Portland, Maine. It was stated that the yellow perch and sunfish 
in the pond were similarly affected. Larvae removed from cysts 
measured 0.4 mm. in length and 0.2 mm. in breadth. 

A small-mouthed black bass, taken on November 15, 1907, by James 
L. Robertson from Culver Lake, Branchville, N. J., was sent to me 
on account of the large number of cestodes in the body cavity. Pig- 
mented cysts containing larval trematodes were found in the flesh. 

Three small-mouthed black bass (U.S.N.M. No. 8398) were received 
on July 29, 1915, from Charles Meyers, Deputy Fish and Game War- 
den, Far Hills, N. J. The fishes had been taken in Ravine Lake, 
Somerest Hills Country Club. Mr. Meyers stated that the bass in 
the lake were heavily infested with these parasites, especially on 
the fins and in the mouth. There were numerous cysts with black 
pigment on these fishes; most abundant on the caudal and pectoral 
fins, on the cheeks and opercular region, also on inner side of 
opercle; a few in the mouth, and scattering cysts on the scales of the 
sides. Many cysts were found in the skin. They were not visible 
from the outside, but upon removing the skin they were found to be 
rather abundant along the sides. <A piece of skin about 5 cm. square 
had about 25 cysts on the inner side. Most of these cysts were in 
the subdermal connective tissue, but one was noted just back of the 
head at a depth of 8 mm.; a few were found among the neural 
spines under the dorsal fin, as much as 20 mm. from the surface. 
The largest cyst noted was 2.5 mm. in diameter; usual size about 
1 mm. in diameter. The pigmented area is much larger than the 
cyst. Fifty-three cysts were counted on an 18 mm. square on a 
pectoral fin, and 72 on a similar area on a caudal fin. Measurements 
of a formalin specimen removed from its cyst: Length, 0.8 mm.; 
breadth, neck, 0.28 mm., at level of ventral sucker, 0.26 mm.; posterior 
end to ventral sucker, 0.30 mm.; diameter of oral sucker, 0.07 mm., 


TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 161 


of pharynx, 0.04 mm., of ventral sucker, 0.04 mm.; middle and ante- 
rior regions with numerous subspherical bodies from 0.007 to 0.010 
mm. in diameter. Measurements in balsam: Length, 0.90 mm. (fore 
and hind body about equal) ; maximum breadth, 0.80 mm.; breadth 
of oral sucker, about 0.07 mm., of pharynx (indistinct) about 0.024, 
of ventral sucker, 0.036 mm. In another balsam specimen: Breadth 
of oral sucker, 0.054 mm., of ventral sucker, 0.083 mm.; hold-fast 
organ, length, 0.069 mm., breadth, 0.048 mm. 

On July 3 and 4, 1904, a number of brook trout, 60 more or less, 
were examined for skin parasites, at Alder Lake in the Catskills, 
near Turnwood, N. Y. Many of them had cysts surrounded by 
black pigment on the skin. None of the fish had large numbers of 
cysts. A few had as many as from 25 to 30 cysts on each side. 
Some had from one to five cysts on a side; others were free from 
cysts. The cysts lie just beneath the epidermis so that a consid- 
erable number of them produce an embossed surface which can be 
detected by passing the hand lightly over it. Many of these cysts 
were opened and found to contain larval trematodes, all apparently 
of the same species. The cysts were from 0.4 to 0.7 mm, in diameter. 
One cyst 0.56 mm. in diameter had walls 0.15 mm. thick. The 
liberated larva was 0.22 mm. in length and 0.14 mm. in breadth. 
A larva removed from its cyst and flattened under the cover glass 
had the following measurements: Length, 0.28 mm.; diameter of 
oral sucker, 0.044 mm., of pharynx, 0.020 mm., of ventral sucker, 
0.054 mm. A transverse slit with deeply staining walls, marking 
the position of the hold-fast organ, is a conspicuous feature. A re- 
port of this investigation was published in “The diagnosis of a case 
of parasitism in the brook trout,” Proc. Int. Zool. Cong., 1907, pp. 
629, 632. 

On May 25, 1908, I received from Dr. Tarleton H. Bean three 
yellow perch (U.S.N.M. No. 8399) which had been taken in Amper- 
sand Pond, in the Adirondacks, by J. C. Hanchett, Superintendent 
of Knollwood Club. The fishes were thickly covered with en- 
cysted trematodes, surrounded by black pigment, similar in appear- 
ance to those of the brook trout. The cysts were distributed indis- 
criminately over the body, on the fins and eyes, each containing an 
immature trematode larva. 

Seven yellow perch were seined in a fresh-water pond at Quisset, 
near Woods Hole, on July 1, 1918. A few trematode cysts in the skin, 
beneath the scales. Cyst, 0.48 by 0.40 mm.; larva liberated from 
the cyst, but still enveloped in a thin membrane, 0.30 by 0.20 mm. 
Another cyst, 0.49 mm. in diameter, contained a larval trematode, 
length, 0.25 mm., breadth, 0.17 mm. 

1555994011 


162 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM yOL. 88 


UNCLASSIFIED FORMS 


Genus PLEORCHIS Railliet, 1896 
PLEORCHIS AMERICANUS Lithe 
PLATE 24, Figures 324-330 


Distomum polyorchis Stossich, Linton, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, pp. 
460, 461, figs. 363-365, 1901. 

Pleorchis americanus LUHE, Rep. Pearl Oyster Fish. Gulf of Manaar, pt. 5, 
p. 103, 1906. 


Revised description of species: Of nearly the same breadth 
throughout most of the length, tapering slightly from a point a little 
back of the ventral sucker to the anterior end; posterior end more 
or less truncate; body covered with flat, round-pointed spines. 
Oral and ventral suckers nearly equal; pharynx much smaller than 
oral, from which it is separated by a prepharynx; prepharynx and 
esophagus each longer than the oral sucker. The rami of the intes- 
tines extend to the posterior end of the body, each sending off 
numerous branches, which themselves may branch one or more times. 
In the vicinity of the testes this branching is only on the lateral 
sides, but behind the testes the branching is both lateral and medial; 
anteriorly each ramus is prolonged into a caecum which extends 
forward beyond the level of the anterior end of the pharynx. The 
genital pore is on the median line in front of the ventral sucker, 
The cirrus is smooth; the cirrus-pouch lies dorsal to the right side 
of the ventral sucker, encloses the seminal vesicle, which is in two 
divisions, and extends well back of the ventral sucker. Testes 
numerous, lying in two double rows, dorsal and ventral, on each 
side of the median line for a distance approximating half the length 
of the body. In the specimen of which the measurements are given 
the distance from the anterior end to the first testis is 2.6 mm., from 
the last testis to the posterior end, 1.1 mm., while the distance from 
the anterior to the posterior testis inclusive is 3.7 mm. The ovary 
is lobed, morulalike in horizontal section, and lies at the anterior 
borders of the first testes, more of it on the right than on the left 
side of the median line. The shell gland lies on the anterior border 
of the ovary. Laurer’s canal enters about on the median line dorsal 
to the anterior border of the ovary. There is no seminal receptacle, 
the early folds of the uterus acting in that capacity. The folds of 
the uterus lie between the ovary and ventral sucker, passing on the 
dorsal side of the ventral sucker to the genital pore. The vitellaria 
fill the body behind the testes, and form broad lateral bands forward 
to about the level of the posterior edge of the ventral sucker. The 
main excretory vessel is single and on the median line. Ova rather 


TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 163 


numerous, in balsam mounts, maximum, 0.078 by 0.048 mm. Meas- 
urements in balsam: Length, 7.4 mm.; maximum breadth, 2.2 mm.; 
breadth at ventral sucker, 1.9 mm.; length of prepharynx and 
esophagus each about 0.4 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.82 mm., breadth, 
0.86 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.19 mm., breadth, 0.22 mm.; ventral 
sucker, length, 0.31 mm., breadth, 0.32 mm.; ova, 0.069 by 0.045 mm. 
In a series of cross sections of a specimen 1.4 mm. in breadth, the 
breadth of the oral sucker is 0.31 mm., vertical diameter, 0.25 mm. ; 
diameter of pharynx, 0.17 mm. in each direction; ventral sucker, 
breadth, 0.28 mm., vertical diameter, 0.25 mm.; ova, 0.078 by 0.045 
mm. 

In a series of sagittal sections there are 14 pairs of testes on one 
side of the median line and 15 on the other. In this series of sec- 
tions Laurer’s canal is on the dorsal side a little to the right of the 
median line and about on a level with the anterior third of the ovary. 
The canal was traced to the oviduct which is entered just before the 
oviduct expanded into the uterus which was there filled with sperm 
and ova intermingled. 

Host.—Squeteague (Cynoscion regalis). 

Record of collections—¥our (U.S.N.M. No. 8400), collected July 
27, 1904 (two were white and two faint pink, more deeply colored 
anteriorly). One, collected July 11, 1905. One, collected July 17, 
1905, from pyloric caeca of host. One, collected August 28, 1907; 
length, 6.5 mm.; breadth, 2 mm.; excretory vessel large, sacculate, 
along median line, toward posterior end. 


GARGORCHIS”* new genus 


Characters of genus: Cuticle spinose; ventral sucker larger than 
oral; esophagus present; rami of intestine long; main excretory 
vessel a single median trunk from posterior end to ventral sucker; 
genital opening in front of ventral sucker; cirrus pouch extending 
back of ventral sucker and enclosing a seminal vesicle. A second 
seminal vesicle lies at the posterior end of the cirrus pouch. Testes 
many (11 in type species), median, behind ovary; ovary behind 
ventral sucker and in front of testes; seminal receptacle near ovary; 
vitellaria diffuse; uterus mainly in front of ovary. 


GARGORCHIS VARIANS, new species 
PLATE 24, FicurE 331; PLaTe 25, Fieures 332-340 


Body covered with minute spines, dense anteriorly, sparse pos- 
teriorly, rather plump, usually broadest at level of ventral sucker, 
with short neck and tapering postacetabular region, but may be 


Wydpyapa, plenty -+- dpxts, testis. 


164 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vob, 88 


either long or short oval-elliptical, or fusiform; neck very variable, 
usually strongly contracted in preserved specimens. Oral sucker 
subterminal, usually broader than long; prepharynx short; pharynx 
of good size, usually longer than broad, approximately as long as the 
oral sucker and about half as broad; esophagus as long as or longer 
than the pharynx, but often appearing shorter on account of the con- 
tracted condition of the neck; intestinal rami with thick walls and 
extending to the posterior end. The ventral sucker is much larger 
than the oral, its opening transverse. The genital pore is in front 
of the ventral sucker to the left of the median line, and about on a 
level with the posterior end of the pharynx. The cirrus is smooth, 
the cirrus-pouch long-pyriform, muscular, extending back of the 
ventral sucker on the left side and enclosing a seminal vesicle at its 
posterior end. A second seminal vesicle lies behind and beside the 
posterior end of the cirrus-pouch. The second seminal vesicle and 
the base of the cirrus-pouch are surrounded by cells of the prostate 
gland. Testes, eleven in number so far as observed, roundish or sub- 
triangular in outline, median, in two more or less irregular longi- 
tudinal rows, in the posterior half of the postacetabular region. 
Ovary small, about 3-lobed, in front of testes, and usually a little to 
the right of the midventral line; in most cases behind the level of 
the seminal vesicles, but in some cases on a level with the base of 
the cirrus pouch, and near the ventral sucker. The shell gland and 
yoik reservoir are at the posterior border of the ovary. ‘There is a 
seminal receptacle behind the ovary. It is dorsally placed with 
respect to the ovary, and in compressed specimens may appear to be 
to the right of the median line in some cases, to the left in others; 
often it appears to be to the right of the median line and on a level 
with the anterior testes. Laurer’s canal was seen in a series of cross 
sections (fig. 339). The diffuse vitellaria fill the greater part of the 
space back of the testes and extend forward nearly or quite to the 
ventral sucker. The uterus les between the testes and ventral 
sucker; the metraterm lying beside the cirrus pouch and lateral to it, 
joining the cirrus pouch very near the genital pore. The ova are 
thin-shelled; maximum in balsam about 0.060 by 0.036 mm. 

The relative positions of ovary, seminal vesicles, seminal recepta- 
cle and first testes are subject to some variation with different degrees 
of contraction, and with varying amounts of sperm in the vesicles. 

The main excretory vessel is conspicuous in living specimens, and 
was traced from the terminal excretory pore to a point dorsal to the 
ventral sucker. In series of cross sections the excretory vessel was 
traced to the level of the ventral sucker, but the arrangement of the 
excretory vessels in the neck was not satisfactorily shown. 


TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 165 


Measurements, average of nine specimens, in balsam: Length, 2.28 
mm.; breadth, 0.82 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.20 mm., breadth, 0.23 
mm.; pharynx, length, 0.20 mm., breadth, 0.138 mm.; ventral sucker, 
length, 0.82 mm., breadth, 0.35 mm.; ova about 0.06 by 0.03 mm. 
Longest of the nine specimens, length, 3.08 mm., breadth, 0.63 mm.; 
broadest of the nine specimens, length, 2.01 mm., breadth, 0.94 mm. 

Average of nine specimens in balsam, more or less oval-elliptical in 
outline, post-acetabular region not tapering: Length, 1.31 mm.; 
breadth, 0.67 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.16 mm., breadth, 0.20 mm. ; 
pharynx, length, 0.15 mm., breadth, 0.10 mm.; ventral sucker, length, 
0.27 mm., breadth, 0.32 mm.; ova, 0.054 by 0.033 mm. to 0.063 by 
0.089 mm. Longest of the nine specimens, length, 2.10 mm.; 
breadth, 0.94 mm.; broadest of the nine specimens, length, 1.98 mm. ; 
breadth, 1.08 mm. 

Type specimens.—U.S.N.M. No. 8401 (holotype and paratypes). 

Host.—Filefish (Ceratacanthus schoepfi). 

Record of collections—Thirty, collected August 7, 1905. At first 
pale pinkish, bleaching to translucent bluish white after lying in sea 
water for some time; very various shapes, becoming a little more uni- 
form when placed in 70% alcohol. Measurements in glycerin, com- 
pressed: Length, 2.94 mm.; breadth, 1.05 mm.; oral sucker, length, 
0.25 mm., breadth, 0.82 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.25 mm., breadth, 0.20 
mm.; ventral sucker, length, 0.45 mm., breadth, 0.45 mm. 

Five specimens, collected August 19, larger specimens turgid and 
translucent, smaller specimens yellowish or flesh colored; maximum 
length, 2.8 mm. 

Four, collected July 29, 1908; turgid, necks very short. 

Numerous, collected August 19, 1908, various shapes. 

Twenty-four, collected July 11, 1910; the living and active worms 
were yellowish with a faint tinge of red; greatest diameter at level 
of ventral sucker; neck usually contracted; postacetabular region 
tapering; the conspicuous excretory vessel was traced from a point 
a little in advance of the dorsal border of the ventral sucker to the 
posterior end. The wall of the excretory vessel altered in appearance 
while the specimen was under observation. Longitudinal and trans- 
verse fibers in its walls, in certain stages of contraction, gave to the 
wall a checkered appearance. Inactive specimens were squarish-ob- 
long in outline, but when flattened under the cover glass they assumed 
outlines similar to those of the active specimens. Still others were 
turgid, semitransparent, with their vitellaria much reduced. Two 
of the small, active distomes were placed in fresh water where they 
soon became turgid, and then resembled closely the distomes which 
were inactive when first removed from the intestine of the fish and 


166 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vOL, 88 


placed in sea water. The fish from which these distomes were ob- 
tained had been dead for several hours. 

Fifty, more or less, collected July 13, 1911, from intestine of host. 

Fifty, or more, collected August 21, 1915; some yellow, others 
white. 

Fifteen, collected July 28, 1920, about 2 mm. in length. 

Fifty-six, collected August 27, 1926; relatively shorter and broader 
than the usual forms. 

Eighty-five more or less (U.S.N.M. No. 8401), collected by Dr. E. 
B. Krumbhaar, August 17, 1929. Two types, agreeing with fore- 
going descriptions; one white, obtuse, inactive; the other broadest 
at ventral sucker, postacetabular region more or less elongated, color 
yellowish tinged with red, active. 


Genus STENOCOLLUM Stafford, 1904 
STENOCOLLUM FRAGILE (Linton) 


Distomum fragile Linton, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, pp. 282, 295, figs. 
68-70, 1900; ibid., p. 466, 1901. 
Stenocollum fragile (Linton), StaFrorpD, Zool. Anz., vol. 27, p. 487, 1904. 

One example of this distome (U.S.N.M. No. 8402), somewhat 
macerated, was collected from the intestine of a sunfish (Mola mola) 
July 19, 1926. 

Genus DERETREMA Linton, 1910 


DERETREMA FUSiLLUS Linton 


PLatE 25, Fiaures 341-344 


Deretrema fusillus Linton, Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ. 133, pp. 49, 50, 
figs. 102-104a, 1910. 

Four distomes from a flyingfish, collected on three different dates 
at Woods Hole, are referred to this species, although, as was the case 
with the Tortugas material, showing considerable variation among 
themselves. 

The body is smooth, fusiform, broadest at level of ventral sucker ; 
no prepharynx, esophagus not longer than pharynx; intestinal rami 
extend back of ventral sucker, but not to the posterior end; genital 
pore at left side of neck; cirrus pouch large, in front of ventral sucker 
and enclosing the seminal vesicle and prostate; testes behind ventral 
sucker, opposite. Ovary in front of right testis, at right posterior 
border of the ventral sucker; seminal receptacle behind ovary. The 
vitellaria consist of a few follicles lateral to the ventral sucker and 
testes; shell gland and yolk reservoir between the testes. The uterus, 
beginning at the shell gland, fills with its voluminous folds all of the 
post-testicular region of the body and also a considerable portion of 
the region behind and dorsal to the ventral sucker. The metraterm, 


TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 167 


seen in only one specimen, appears to lie in front and to the right 
of the cirrus-pouch, and to open at the genital pore. All of the 
specimens are more or less distorted by compression. The ova are 
numerous, elliptical, from 0.033 by 0.018 mm. to 0.037 by 0.021 mm. 

The excretory pore and a small portion of the excretory vessel are 
visible in one of the mounted specimens, but little can be distin- 
guished on account of the dense mass of ova with which the posterior 
end of the body is filled. 


Taste 39.—Measurements of four specimens of Deretrema fusillus in balsam 


Measurement 1 2 3} 4 
Mm, Mm. Mm. Mm. 
WEGTIG GE antec 6 Se ek A BN ne BN pe EM 1.15 1.36 2.10 2. 87 
BTCA th sees S55 SAS e Re REET ¢ SERRA See! oe AW PB ee 4 .68 . 68 84 1.12 
Oralisucker lengths 4456 _ 3 See hes_ SS, Tepe es AZ si . 28 .27 
OT AlISUCKEr SO TORG GD weep ln de ene ee ae 11 aly soz .32 
Pherynx slept. Ronee eee eed Fae ee eee Se .1l -ll .14 . 22 
pharynx. bread thee 35 20 kd A ee rem ak be Ree S| .10 ll .14 .22 
Wentralisucker: length’ 20s ab us oe ae ee ~35 sete 42 .42 
Wen tral SHON DrOac thes sem er eget ee ee eens Broo . 28 .35 .35 
Posterior edge of ventral sucker to anterior end_.._._.---_-_____ . 63 . 87 1.10 1.27 


1 No. 3 ventral view, others lateral view. 


Host.—Sharp-finned flyinefish (/’vocoetus volitans). 
Record of collections.—One, collected July 16, 1910. Two, collected 
August 9, 1910. One (U.S.N.M. No. 8403), collected August 27, 1928. 


Genus SIPHODERA Linton, 1910 
SIPHODERA VINALEDWARDSII (Linton) 


Monostomum vinaledwardsii Linton, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899, p. 470, 
figs. 373-876, 1901. 

Monostomum vinal-edwardsti Linton, Bull. U. 8S. Bur. Fish., vol. 24, pp. 379, 410, 
1905; Proce. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, p. 118, fig. 97, 1907. 

Siphodera vinaledwardsii (Linton), Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ. 133, p. 74, 
figs. 208, 209a, 1910.—Manvrr, Illinois Biol. Mon., vol. 10, pp. 107-110, figs. 
80-83, 1926. 


Hosts.—Toadfish (Opsanus tau) and alewife (Pomolobus pseudo- 
harengus). 

Record of collections —No special search for this trematode has 
been made at Woods Hole since the first description of the species was 
published. I have record of collections from toadfish on four dates in 
August and one in October, in four different years, from 1903 to 1914; 
17, from eight fishes; one to five worms in each. (U.S.N.M. No. 
8404). 

One, from alewife, collected July 26, 1906; length of living speci- 
men, 2.52 mm., breadth, 1.12 mm.; ova, 0.021 by 0.010 mm. 


168 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 88 


Genus MONOSTOMA Zeder, 1800 


MONOSTOMA species 


PLATE 26, FIGURE 345 


A trematode, collected by Vinal N. Edwards from a cod (Gadus 
morrhua), December 16, 1905 (U.S.N.M. No. 8405), is here noted. 

The specimen was stained and mounted in balsam, but shows but 
little of the anatomy. The sketch shown in figure 345 was made of 
the specimen lying in formalin. In the mounted specimen the cirrus 
is not so clearly outlined as in the sketch. A cirrus pouch js faintly 
shown, and testes are indicated along the median line toward the 
posterior end, but the number and outlines cannot be determined. 

Measurements in formalin: Length, 1.82 mm.; breadth, anterior, 
0.47 mm., middle, 0.58 mm., posterior, 0.39 mm.; breadth of anterior 
sucker, 0.47 mm.; diameter of cirrus, 0.07 mm.; distance of cirrus 
from posterior end, 0.7 mm. The margins are folded under ven- 
trally; if flattened the breadth would be increased about 0.14 mm. 


Genus DISTOMA Retzius, 1782 
DISTOMA FENESTRATUM Linton 


PLATE 26, Fiacures 346-348 


Distomum sp. Linton, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., vol. 24, pp. 378, 374, figs. 218, 214 
(from Coryphaena equisetes and C. hippurus), 1905. 

Distomum fenestratum Linton, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, pp. 111, 112, 
figs. 86-91 (from Lycodontis moringa), 1907; Carnegie Inst. Washington, 
Publ. 1838, p. 51, figs. 105, 106 (from Haemulon plumieri and H. sciurus), 
1910.—SuUMNER, OsPURN, and CoLE, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., vol. 31, pt. 2, p. 
582 (from Brevoortia tyrannus), 1911. 

Immature distomes, recorded from widely different hosts and 
localities, as indicated in the above references, are here reported. 

Hosts.—Sand launce (Ammodytes americanus), menhaden (Bre- 
voortia tyrannus), round herring (Htrwmeus sadina), remora 
(Remora remora). 

Record of collections—Five (U.S.N.M. No. 8406), collected 
November 1, 1918; lengths in formalin, 2.4 to 3.5 mm.; breadths of 
three about 0.25 mm.; one measuring 2.85 mm. in length had a maxi- 
mum breadth of 0.30 mm.; another, length, 3.23 mm.; breadth, 0.20 
mm. Measurements in balsam: Length, 2.52 mm.; maximum 
breadth, about 0.45 mm. from posterior end, 0.24 mm.; anterior 
sucker, length, 0.051 mm., breadth, 0.036 mm.; diameter of ventral 
sucker, 0.11 mm.; distance from anterior end to posterior edge of 
ventral sucker, 0.28 mm. 

From menhaden: One (U.S.N.M. No. 8407), collected July 4, 
1905; fragment; posterior end showing characteristic constrictions 


TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 169 


of the intestines, giving the appearance of distinct, nearly translucent 
bodies. 

One, collected August 7, 1906, length, 2.38 mm. Measurements in 
balsam: Length, 1.54 mm.; breadth, near anterior end, 0.10 mm., 
at level of ventral sucker, 0.18 mm., maximum, 0.29 mm.; oral sucker, 
length, 0.054 mm., breadth, 0.051 mm.; ventral sucker, length, 0.09 
mm., breadth, 0.10 mm.; length of neck, 0.16 mm. 

From round herring: One, collected July 25, 1908; slender, white, 
very active, cylindrical before compression under the cover glass. 
The anterior part of the postacetabular region opaque, white by 
reflected light, yellowish brown by transmitted light. The posterior 
half of the postacetabular region contained eight pairs of transparent 
bodies, whieh are to be interpreted as being caused by somewhat 
regular constrictions of the walls of the voluminous intestinal rami. 
By reflected light they have the appearance of windowlike spaces 
occupied by a thin, transparent membrane; by transmitted light they 
have the appearance of thickish, bladderlike bodies with more or less 
lobed or crenulated outlines. The lobed character disappeared as the 
worm was kept under observation. The mouth is terminal. The 
anterior end was slightly invaginated. The surface was crossed by 
exceedingly fine wavy lines. Measurements, life: Length, 2.10 mm.; 
breadth, 0.24 mm.; diameter of ventral sucker, 0.09 mm. 

Two (U.S.N.M. No. 8408), collected September 17, 1912. Measure- 
ments, life: Length, 2.24 mm.; maximum breadth, 0.36 mm.; oral 
sucker, length, 0.084 mm., breadth, 0.056 mm.; diameter of ventral 
sucker, 0.11 mm. The voluminous intestines were represented by five 
or six pairs of bladderlike structures at the posterior end of the body, 
anteriorly they continue as smaller, laterally placed bodies with finely 
granular contents. It was noted that at the posterior end beneath 
the cuticle there was a layer of nucleated cells. These specimens 
were stained and mounted in balsam but are not satisfactory. The 
10 posterior divisions of the intestine are filled with a structureless 
material that does not take the stain. In the postacetabular region, 
which is more or less opaque in the living worm, cells, which appear 
to be arranged in rather squarish lateral masses were observed, 
beginning not far back of the ventral sucker. Behind these, and 
between the laterally placed smaller bodies, kinks in the intestinal 
rami, a lot of relatively large nucleated cells were observed. 

In both of the mounted specimens the mouth is terminal, the oral 
sucker is longer than broad, and the ventral sucker is considerably 
larger than the oral. There is no pharynx; what was at first taken to 
be a pharynx in one proved to be a kink in the esophagus. The 
excretory pore is terminal. 


170 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 88 


From remora: Two (U.S.N.M. No. 8409), collected August 3, 
1911; one of these was encysted in the stomach wall. 

Measurements in balsam: Length, 3.78 mm.; breadth, at level of 
oral sucker, 0.07 mm., at level of ventral sucker, maximum, 0.30 mm., 
thence tapering to 0.14 mm. at posterior end; oral sucker, length, 0.08 
mm., breadth, 0.06 mm.; ventral sucker, length, 0.11 mm., breadth, 
0.10 mm. When one of these distomes was fixed under pressure the 
characteristic constrictions of the intestinal rami in large measure 
disappeared (figures 346, 347). 


DISTOMA species 
PLATE 26, FicuRes 349, 350 


Record is here made of two trematodes from the kingfish. Both 
specimens are more or less macerated, and the very numerous ova 
obscure the genitalia in great degree. 

Neck slender and tapering, body of about uniform breadth; pre- 
pharynx and esophagus both present, the latter relatively long; cirrus 
pouch large and elongated, enclosing the seminal vesicle; testes in the 
posterior third, their outlines obscured by ova; ovary median, in front 
of testes, and a short distance behind the posterior end of the cirrus 
pouch, apparently lobed. The vitellaria, consisting of six or eight 
follicles on each side, extends from the level of the ovary forward to 
the level of the posterior end of the cirrus pouch. The uterus, 
crowded with ova, fills the body from the cirrus pouch to the pos- 
terior end. The metraterm is much expanded and has thick, muscular 
walls. Musculature of ventral sucker weak. 

These trematodes resemble unidentified forms from Orthopristis 
chrysopterus (Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., vol. 24, pp. 379, 380, figs. 216, 
218, 1905). 

Host.—Kingfish (Menticirrhus saxatilis). 

Record of collections: One (U.S.N.M. No. 8410), collected Sep- 
tember 11, 1907. Anterior third, from level of genital pore, slender, 
tapering; posterior two thirds of length rather slender and of nearly 
uniform breadth. Measurements in balsam: Length, 2.21 mm.; 
breadth, anterior, 0.07 mm., at level of genital pore (0.5 mm, from 
anterior end) 0.28 mm.; diameter of oral sucker, 0.06 mm., of ventral 
sucker, 0.075 mm.; pharynx, length, 0.036 mm., breadth, 0.024 mm.: 
length of prepharynx, 0.09 mm., of esophagus, 0.42 mm.; ova, 0.021 
by 0.012 mm. 

One, collected July 21, 1926. Slender, fusiform, anterior end miss- 
ing. Measurements in balsam: Length, 2.10 mm.; breadth, from level 
of genital pore to posterior end, 0.28 mm.; ova, 0.021 by 0.015 mm. 


TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 171 


DISTOMA species 


PLATE 26, FIGURE 351 


Among the cysts containing larval distomes belonging to the genus 
Echinostoma, from Percopsis omiscomaycus, collected at Constantia, 
N. Y., Oneida Lake, June 6, 1915, two globular cysts, adhering to the 
eyeball, contained immature distomes which are generically different 
from the others, Measurements of one of the cysts, 0.66 by 0.57 mm. ; 
the other, 0.45mm,. Measurements of distome, life: Length, 0.60 mm.; 
breadth, 0.60 mm.; diameter of oral sucker, 0.18 mm.; ventral sucker, 
length, 0.18 mm., breadth, 0.16 mm. These distomes, mounted in 
balsam, agree closely in their dimensions: Length, 0.53 mm.; breadth, 
0.53 mm.; oral sucker, length, 0.10 mm., breadth, 0.10 mm.; ventral 
sucker, length, 0.14 mm., breadth, 0.18 mm. Measurements of distome 
from cyst in liver, life: Length, 0.66 mm.; breadth, 0.69 mm.; diam- 
eter of oral sucker, 0.14 mm.; ventral sucker, length, 0.18 mm., 
breadth, 0.22 mm. But few details are shown in the balsam mounts. 
They are smooth, nearly circular in outline, the cuticle very definitely 
limited and firm; ventral sucker larger than oral, broader than long, 
its anterior edge at about middle of the length of the body; oral 
sucker nearly circular. No pharynx or esophagus seen; intestinal 
rami appear to be short and to have rather thick walls. There is a 
deeply stained mass of cells between the ventral sucker and the pos- 
terior end, not yet differentiated into genitalia. The parenchyma 
throughout is finely and uniformly granular. (U.S.N.M. No. 8411.) 


ABBREVIATIONS USED ON PLATES 


eres = Acetabulum. oes Esophagus. 
2 a Cirrus. Di eee Pharynx. 
ee = oe. Cirrus pouch. DT... a8 Prostate. 
exp.--. Excretory pore. Sge 2 Shell gland. 
exv_._. Excretory vessel. pa eae Seminal receptacle. 
Eien Hjaculatory duct. SUS Seminal vesicle. 
Ta Germinal pore. sv’ ____ Second seminal vesicle. 
Me Holdfast organ. tes ee Testis. 
ee it Intestine. Es eee Uterus. 
= Laurer’s canal. vd iter Vas deferens. 
as Longitudinal muscle. Ugr se Vitelline gland. 
MIDs Metraterm. (pene Yolk reservoir. 
= Ovary. Ad cee Yolk duct. 
De sax Portion of ovary with mature 

cells. 


Unless otherwise stated all sketches were made with the aid of the camera 
lucida from balsam mounts. 


INDEX 


(New genera and species printed in italic.) 


Accacladium serpentulus, 147. 


Accacladocoelium macrocotyle, 146. 


Accacoelium contortum, 145. 
Amphibdella flavolineata, 4. 
Ancyrocephalus parvus, 3. 


Anthocotyle merluccii americanus, 14. 


Aponurus sp., 136. 
Axine gracilis, 22. 
Azygia longa, 105. 
Bianium plicitum, 102. 
Brachyphallus crenatus, 125. 
Bunodera nodulosa, 104. 
Capsala laevis, 10. 

molae, 9. 


Clinostomum marginatum, 157. 


Crepidostomum faronis, 101. 
Cryptocotyle lingua, 155. 
Cymbephallus fimbriatus, 83. 
vitellosus, 75. 
Deretrema fusillus, 166. 
Derogenes varicus, 116. 
Deropristis hispida, 50. 
inflata, 49. 
Diclidophora affinis, 13. 
pinguis, 138. 
Didymozoon sardae, 150. 
scombri, 149. 
sp., 152. 
Dinurus pinguis, 137. 
tornatus, 141. 
Dionchus agassizi, 4. 
Distoma fenestratum, 168. 
sp., 170, 171. 
Echinostomum sp., 60. 
Ectenurus virgula, 142. 
Entobdella bumpusii, 5. 
hippoglossi, 6. 
Gargorchis varians, 163. 
Gasterostomum arcuatum, 25. 
capitatum, 27. 
Genarches infirmus, 117. 
miilleri, 117. 
sp., 118. 
Gyrodactylus sp., 2. 
Hemiurus appendiculatus, 119. 
levinseni, 123. 
sp., 125. 
Heterazine cokeri, 24. 
Hexostoma thynni, 15. 
Himasthla tensa, 61. 
Hirudinella fusea, 110. 
Homalometron pallidum, 96. 
Lebouria truncata, 62. 
sp., 68, 64. 


172 


Lecithaster confusus, 132. 

gibbosus, 135. 
Lecithocladium gulosum, 148. 
Lecithostaphylus nitens, 44. 
Lepidapedon clavatum, 91. 

elongatum, 92. 

rachion, 95. 
Lepocreadium pyriforme, 84. 

retrusum, 87. 

trullaforme, 88. 
Lintonia papillosa, 5. 
Lintonium vibex, 40. 
Mazocraeoidea georgei, 15. 
Microcotyle carangis, 18. 

furcata, 20. 

pomatomi, 18. 

poronoti, 18. 

sp., 22. 

spinicirrus, 21. 

stenotomi, 19. 
Monostoma sp., 168. 
Nannoenterum baculum, 33. 

gorgon, 36. 
Neascus cuticola, 159. 
Onchocotyle mavori, 11. 
Orophocotyle foliata, 148. 
Otodistomum cestoides, 107. 
Pleorchis americanus, 162. 
Pleurocotyle scombri, 17. 
Podocotyle atomon, 64. 

olssoni, 67. 

sp., 74. 
Prosorhynchus crucibulum, 28. 

gracilesecens, 30. 

ovatus, 29. 
Siphodera vinaledwardsii, 167. 
Steganoderma formosum, 47. 
Stenocollum fragile, 166. 
Stephanostomum dentatum, 51. 

filiforme, 53. 

sp., 58, 59. 

tenue, 5d. 

valde-inflatum, 57. 
Steringophorus furciger, 39. 
Sterrhurus monticellii, 129. 
Stichocotyle nephropis, 37. 
Tergestia pectinata, 43. 
Tetracotyle communis, 158. 
Tristoma coccineum, 8. 

papillosum, 6. 
Wedlia bipartita, 153. 

xiphiados, 154. 
Zoogonoides laevis, 45. 


U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1940 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 88 PLATE 1 


S8e 


58 OPP, 
Ist 


32, 
o8 


eS 


1-7. Podocotyle atomon (Rudolphi): 1, From Hemutripterus americanus, ventral view; 2, 
median region of another specimen from same host; 3, from Pseudopleuronectes 
americanus, ventral view; 4-7, ovary and testes of four specimens from same host. 

8-12. Podocotyle olssoni Odhner: 8, From Morone americana; 9-11, ovary and testes from 
three specimens from same host; 12, ovary and first testis of specimen from Perca 
flavescens. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 88 PLATE 2 


S 
2 2' 


aS 


Beceby 


eae) 


13-17. Cymbephallus fimbriatus Linton from Menticirrhus saxatilis: 13, Specimen with 
pedicillate acetabulum; 14, another, with acetabulum retracted; 15, acetabulum, 
slightly diagrammatic; 16, anterior end of another specimen, slightly diagram- 


matic, ejaculatory duct shorter than in most cases; 17, ventral view of genital 
aperture. 


18-20. Cymbe phallus vitellosus (Linton): 18, From Trachurops crumenophthalma, ventral 


view; 19, from Pomatomus saltatrix; 20, small distome, strongly contracted, from 
a 20-mm. Sphoeroides maculatus. 


PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 88 PLATE 3 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


, from Caranx 


FE Poses 


Ros BOFR®’ 
: we 
s gage Go 


PAW enon eG Soy SOF Dina: 


SOOOS 
2s 


commoner form; 22, another, 


From Seriola lalandi; 27 


aralichthys dentatus. 


Aare 
Ne) 
ax 
Oe 
n 
a TYE DOD ET SU ICL Cig v my 
CORRe ee SEO GUE G FBS o Sept 3 ae 
da aeS Ig 2 20 . GS7a>> 5 —>~v 
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A o : 
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SPR 1) BNE : Sid S| gs 
Ng : ee bac 3 32 
Z is = 
g — 
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Hu 
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2 


less common form 
23. Lebouria sp.: From Sphyraena borealis, ventral view. 


z imperfect. 
25. Stephanostomum dentatum 


24. Lebouria sp.: From Pseudopleuronectes americanus, ventral view, posterior end 
26-28. Stephanostomum filiforme, 


21,22. Lebouria truncata, new species: From Cynoscion regalis, 


, enlarged. 


hippos; 28, head of same 


U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL.. 18 PLATE 4 


29-31. Stephanostomum sp. from Seriola lalandi: 29, Dorsal view, spines evanescent; 30, 
anterior end of another specimen, ventral view; 31, optical section of tissues of 
neck. 

32-34. Stephanostomum tenue (Linton): 32, From Hemitripterus americanus, ventral view; 
33, front view of oral spines; 34, from Ammodytes americanus, dorsal view. 

35. Himasthla tensa, new species: From Gadus morrhua. 

36, 37. Lepidapedon clavatum, new species: 36, From Lophopsetta maculata; 37, from Cera- 

tacanthus schoepfi. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 88 PLATE5 


49 


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38-45. Lepidapzdon elongatum (Lebour): 38, From Gadus morrhua, dorsal view, glycerin; 39, 
sagittal section at level of ventral sucker, about median; 40, sagittal section at 
level of ventral sucker, lateral; 41, transverse section through pharynx; 42, trans- 
verse section in front of ventral sucker; 43, transverse section in front of ovary; 
44, transverse section near posterior end; 45, from Urophycis chuss, dorsal view. 

46. Lepidapedon rachion (Cobbold): From Melanogrammus aegelfinus. 

47-49. Lepocreadium pyriforme (Linton): 47, From Palinurichthys perciformis; 48, cirrus 

pouch and seminal vesicle; 49, from Poronotus triacanthus. 


Yoest age 
jo? 2 cUsPea8ga8 . 
w, = 
3 oes Sea 
283 ORSON SRS. 
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28e02t ag DIgsod, & 
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PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 88 PLATE 6 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


-, ventral view 


50, From Pneumatophorus grex 


new species: 
2, ovaries of two showing varieties of lobation. 


oa 


tum retrusum, 


dorsal view 
56. Lepocreadium trullaforme, 


2. Lepocreadi 
Bills 


50-5 


3, From Menticirrhus saxatilis; 54, from 


5 


new species: 


53- 


small distome from 


55; 


2 


Morone americana, somewhat distorted by compression 


/ 


young M. saxatilis; 56, another from same host. 
Bianium plicitum (Linton): From Sphoeroides maculatus, 


ventral view, lateral 


margins of neck extended. 


Sie 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 88 PLATE 7 


ier esuexUny yoo 


58-64. Bianium plicitum (Linton): From Sphoeroides maculatus: 58, Degenerate specimen, 
vitellaria much reduced, ova few and imperfect; 59, posterior end, frontal section, 
vitellaria sparse; 59a, posterior end, frontal section, slanting, vitellaria sparse; 60, 
horizontal section, anterior end; 61, transverse section, anterior end; 62, trans- 
verse section at level of posterior border of ovary, testis added from next posterior 
section; 63, transverse section near level of anterior end of first testis; 64, trans- 
verse section at level of first testis showing excretory vessel. 

65-67. Homalometron pallidum Stafford: 65, From Menticirrhus saxatilis; 66, short variety 
from same host; 67, ovary and testes from three specimens from Pseudopleuro- 
nectes americanus. 


U.S. NATICNAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 88 PLATES 


eee KON 


. 
02 
° 
ee 
* 


68-74. Hemiurus appendiculatus (Rudolphi): 68, From Pomolobus mediocris, ventral view; 
69, same, lateral view; 70, from Brevoortia tyrannus, immature, ventral view; 71, 
from Clupea harengus, ovary and vitelline glands, dorsal view; 72, same, ventral 
view; 73, ovary and vitelline glands; 74, from Pomolobus aestivalis, ova. 

75-77. Hemiurus levinseni Odhner: 75, From Gadus morrhua, ventral view; 76, same, ova; 
77, from Pollachius virens, lateral view of neck, ventral of body. 

78. Ectenurus virgula Linton: From Trachurops crumenophthalma, ventral view. 

79-82. Lecithocladium gulosum (Linton): 79, From Poronotus triacanthus, sagittal section; 
80, from Pneumatophorus grex, cross section, level of anterior fourth of pharynx; 
81, cross section at middle of pharynx; 82, cross section near posterior end of 
pharynx. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 88 PLATE9 


DINURUS PINGUIS, NEW SPECIES. 


83-95. From Anguilla rostrata: 83, Sagittal section of anterior end; 84, frontal section of 
posterior end; 85, nearly frontal section of head; 86, cross section of neck at level 
of genital pore; 87, cross section of neck behind genital pore; 88, cross section of 
neck short distance back of section shown in fig. 87; 89, cross section of specimen 
in which ova for most part are confined to postacetabular region; 90, cross section 
of specimen in which ova are crowded forward dorsal to ventral sucker, section at 
about same level as fig. 89; 91, ova; 92, cross section behind testes; 93, cross sec- 
tion of retracted appendix; 94, excretory vessel and intestines, from cross section 
0.1 mm. from posterior end; 95, cross section 0.06 mm. from posterior end. 

96. From Menidia notata: Frontal section, anterior end. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 88. PLATE 10 


101 


ae 


Fon) 


h 5 
epee, 710) 
> LY Ks 
HE eae | 
a) ~ BB 


97-100. Dinurus pinguis, new species, from Menidia notata: 97, Ventral view of plump 
specimen; 98, ventral view of slender specimen; 99, cross section at level of 
anterior edge of ovary; 100, cross section at level of ovary behind testes. 

101-107. Sterrhurus monticellii (Linton): 101, From Oligoplites saurus, dorsal view; 102, 
from Trichiurus lepturus, sagittal section of neck; 103-105, same, ovary and 
vitelline glands from 3 specimens; 106, same, right vitelline gland, glycerin; 
107, same, left vitelline gland, glycerin. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 88 PLATE 11 


108. Trematode ova from cyst, postbranchial chamber of Paralichthys dentatus; coils 
of uterus containing ova and granules of yolk. 
109-120. Brachyphallus crenatus (Rudolphi): Ovary and vitelline glands; shell gland and 
seminal receptacle shown in 115. (109-115 from Anguilla rostrata, 116 from 
Pomolobus mediocris, 117 from Pollachias virens, 118 and 119 from Urophyets 
chuss, 120 from U. tenuis.) 
121-124. Lecithaster confusus Odhner: 121, 124, Ventral views; 122, 123, lateral views. 
(121 and 122 from Pomolobus mediocris; 123 and 124 from Scomber scombrus.) 
125,126. Lecithaster gibbosus (Rudolphi) from Stenotomus chrysops: 125, Dorsal view; 126, 
ventral view, anterior end. 


U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 88 PLATE 12 


oy 


BY 0 899.5 0 
fica iabionfee es. 
oO 0. oO. 

00 056080.68,060, 
42 0,%-05 C00 
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002 


127. Aponurus sp. from Lobotes surinamensis: Ventral view. 

128-133. Derogenes varicus (Muller): 128, 130, Ventral views; 129, 131, 133, ova; 132, 
lateral view: (128 and 129 from Lohotes surinamensis, 130 and 131 from Lophius 
piscatorius, 132 and 133 from Gadus morrhua.) 

134-144. Hirudinella fusca (Bosc): 134, From Xiphias gladius, alcoholic specimen; 135, from 
Thunnus secundodorsalis, alcoholic; 136, from Trichiurus lepturus, alcoholic; 
137, from Seriola zonata, formalin; 138, from Niphias gladius, sagittal section 
of neck; 139, from same, sagittal section of body behind ventral sucker; 140, 
from Trichiurus lepturus, cross section at level of genital papilla (cone, of 
Poirier); from same, 141, cross section at level of ventral sucker; 142, from same, 
ova; 143, from Thunnus secundodorsalis, ova; 144, from Xiphias gladius, ova. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL, 88 PLATE 13 


145-155. Hirudinella fusca (Bosc): 145, Cross section at level of anterior border of ovary, 
146, cross section near posterior end; 147, section of genital papilla, from cross 
section of neck; 148, section of base of genital papilla and anterior end of metra- 
term, from cross section of neck; 149, ejaculatory duct, prostate, and metraterm, 
from cross section of neck; 150, ovary and shell gland, partly diagrammatic, 
from cross sections; 151, ovary and dorsal wall of shell gland, from frontal 
section; 152, ovary and dorsal portion of shell gland, from frontal section; 153, 
ovary and shell gland, from frontal section; 154, ejaculatory duct, prostate, and 
metraterm, from cross section of neck; 155, cuticle, from cross section. (138, 
139, and 151-153 from Xiphias gladius, 140, 141, and 145-150 from Trichiurus 
lepturus, 154 and 155 from Thunnus secundodorsalts.) 

156,157. Immature distomes referred provisionally to H. fusca: 156, Fragments from 
Pterophryne histrio; 157, from Trachurops crumenophthalma. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 88 PLATE 14 


158. 
159, 160. 


162, 163. 
164-169. 


170-174. 


175-179: 


Gyrodactylus sp. from Fundulus heteroclitus: Posterior end, life. 

Ancyrocephalus parvus, new species, from Strongylura marina: 159, Ventral view, 
eye spots showing through; 160, posterior disk. 

Dionchus agassizi Goto from Remora remora: 162, Ventral view of mouth, eye 
spots showing through; 163, side view of hook, claw restored. 

Entobdella hippoglossi (Muller) from Hippoglossus hippoglossus: 164, Anterior 
end, ventral view; 165, set of hooks on left side; 166, third hook and posterior 
end of second; 167, third hook and posterior end of second from another speci- 
men; 168, sagittal section of posterior edge of sucker; 169, sagittal section of 
anterior edge of sucker. 

Tristoma papillosum Diesing from Xiphias gladius: 170, Portion of posterior suck- 
er, ventral view; 171, spine from posterior sucker; 172, different types of mar- 
ginal spines; 173, group of marginal spines; 174, ovum. 

Tristoma coccineum Cuvier from Xiphias gladius: 175, Portion of right margin 
with accessory hook-bearing structure; 176, end of accessory hook-bearing 
structure; 177, group of marginal spines; 178, marginal spine; 179, spine from 
posterior sucker. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 88 PLATE 15 


ee 


: O:. 


on so 


180-183. Capsala molae (Blanchard) from Mola mola: 180, Anterior end of large specimen, 
ventral view; 181, anterior end of young specimen, dorsal view showing eye 
spots; 182, portion of margin showing arrangement of spine; 183, lateral view 
of marginal spine. 

184-188. Capsala laevis (Verrill) from Xiphias gladius: 184, Ventral view; 185, lateral 
margin at level of testes, showing branching intestine, vitellaria, and marginal 
spines; 186, portion of anterior lobe between suckers; 187, marginal spines; 188, 
spines from posterior sucker, slightly foreshortened. 

189-196. Onchocotyle mavori, new species, from Morone americana: 189, Ventrolateral view; 
190, anterior end, ventral view; 191, single sucker; 192, chitinous hook from 
sucker; 193, posterior end; 194, terminal hooklets, ventral view; 195, same, 
lateral view; 196, ovum. 

197-199 Diclidophora pinguis, new species, from Albatrossia pectoralis: 197, Dorsal view, 
alcohol; 198, ventral view of same specimen; 199, dorsal view of one of the 
posterior suckers. 


U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 88 PLATE 16 


200, 201. 
202-209. 


210-214. 


Piles 
216-218. 


219% 
220. 


203 


Anthocotyle merlucit americanus MacCallum from Merluccius bilinearis: 200, 
Anterior end, ventral view; 201, terminal hooks. 

Mazxzocraeoides georgei Price from Pomolobus pseudoharengus: 202, Ventral view; 
203, anterior end, ventral view; 204, posterior end; 205, genital pore; 206, same, 
life; 207, hook from genital atrium; 208, excretory vessels at posterior end, life; 
209, ova. 

Pleurocotyle scombri (Gervais and van Beneden) from Pneumatophorus grex: 210, 
Ventral view; 211, anterior end; 212, hooks of genital atrium, somewhat broken 
and distorted; 213, posterior end of the four larger suckers; 214, minute terminal 
sucker. 

Microcotyle poronott MacCallum from Poronotus triacanthus: Anterior end, ventral 
view. 

Microcotyle pomatomi Goto from Pomatomus saltatrix: 216, Anterior end, ventral 
view; 217, diagram of genitalia in vicinity of ovary; 218, ovaries from three 
specimens. 

Microcotyle stenotomi Goto from Stenotomus chrysops: Ventrolateral view. 

Microcotyle furcata, new species, from Tautoga onitis: Ventral view. 


U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 88 PLATE 17 


221-223. Microcotyle furcata, new species, from Tautoga onitis: 221, Anterior end, ventral 
view; 222, genitalia in region of ovary, dorsal view, diagrammatic; 223, same 
of another specimen, ventral view. 

224-227. Microcotyle sp. from Cynoscion regalis: 224, Anterior end, ventral view; 225, 
posterior end; 226, genital atrium; 227, types of hooks from genital atrium. 

228-230. Axine gracilis, new species, from Strongylura marina: 228, Dorsolateral view; 
229, anterior end; 230, posterior end of young specimen. 

231-233. Heteraxine cokeri, new genus and species, from Aplodinotus grunniens: 231, Pos- 
terior sucker-bearing portion; 232, anterior end; 233, genital atrium. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 88 PLATE 18 


234,235. Gasterostomum arcuatum Linton from Sarda sarda: 234, Ventral view; 23 5p OMA 

936-239. Gasterostomum capitatum, new species, from Auxis rochei: 236, Ventral view; 237, 
anterior end of another specimen; 238, posterior end of another specimen 
(uterus diagrammatic); 239, ova. 

240-242. Prosorhynchus crucibulum (Rudolphi) from Conger conger: 240, Ventral view; 
241, anterior end of another specimen; 242, ova. 

243, 244. Prosorhynchus ovatus (Linton) from Lobotes surinamensis: 243, Ventral view; 
244, ova. 

245-249. Prosorhynchus gracilescens (Rudolphi): 245, Ventral view; 246, specimen in which 
no ova had developed; 247, strongly contracted specimen; 248, anterior end; 
249, ova. (245 from Menticirrhus saxatilis, 246-249 from Strongylura marina.) 

250,251. Nannoenterum baculum (Linton) from Sphyraena borealis: 250, Ventral view; 251, 
anterior end. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 88 PLATE 19 


252,253. Nannoenterum baculum (Linton) from Sphyraena borealis: 252, Anterior end, 
showing circle of 20 spines; 253, muscle fibers in body wall, glycerin. 

254-256. Nannoenterum gorgon (Linton) from Seriola lalandi: 254, Dorsal view of anterior 
end; 255, dorsal view of another specimen; 256, ova. 

257-259. Stichocotyle nephropis Cunningham from Raja laevis: 257, Ventral view of anterior 
end; 258, region of fifth to some distance back of sixth ventral sucker; 259, ovum. 

260-265. Steringophorus furciger (Olsson) from Pseudopleuronectes americanus: 260, Ventral 
view; 261, 262, cross sections at level of cirrus pouch; 263, 264, cross sections at 
level of Laurer’s canal, from different series of sections; 265, cross section near 
end of intestine. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 88 PLATE 20 


266, 267. Steringophorus furciger (Olsson) from Pseudopleuronectes americanus: 266, Sagittal 
section, anterior end; 267, frontal section. 

268-271. Lintonium vibex (Linton) from Sphoerotdes maculatus: 268, Dorsal view; 269, 
sagittal section, anterior end; 270, sagittal section showing Laurer’s canal; 271, 
immature specimen, ventral view. (In some cases the intestines were entirely 


ventral to the excretory vessels.) 


U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 88 PLATE 21 


a 
> PSs! 
SS SEEN 


ses, 
> oe 


% 
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a 
oor 
0993 


272-274. Lecithostaphylus nitens (Linton) from Tylosurus acus: 272, Frontal section, anterior 
end; 273, frontal section, region of ovary and testes; 274, ova. 

275-277. Zoogonoides laevis, new species, from Tautoga onitis: 275, Ventral view; 276, 
cirrus pouch and metraterm, ventral view, life, ova with ciliated miracidia; 277, 
excretory pore, life. 

278-282. Steganoderma formosum Stafford: 278, Ventral view; 279, ovum; 280, ventral 
view; 281, ova; 282, spines on ventral surface. (278 and 279 from Paralichihys 
oblongus, 280-282 from Acanthocottus octodecimspinosus.) 

283. Deropristis inflata (Molin) from Anguilla rostrata: Ventral view. 
284. Deropristis hispida (Abilzaard) from Acipenser sturio: Dorsal view of anterior end. 


U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 88 PLATE 22 


285-287. Deropristis hispida (Abilgaard) from Actpenser sturio: 285, Ventrolateral view of 
head; 286, another, distorted; 287, ovum. 
288. Podocotyle sp. from Oncorhynchus tschawytscha: Broken specimen. 
289. Crepidostomum faronis (Miller) from Salvelinus fontinalis: Ventral view. 
290, 291. Bunodera nodulosa (Froelich) from Perca flavescens: 290, Ventrolateral view of 
anterior end, formalin; 291, ovum. 
292-297. Azygia longa (Leidy): 292, Sagittal section; 293, frontal section of cirrus pouch; 
294, cross section, middle of length; 295, sagittal section, region of cirrus pouch; 
296, frontal section, cirrus pouch and metraterm; 297, frontal section, region 
of testes. (292-294 from Esox niger, 295 and 296 from Trichiurus lepturus, 297 
from Micropterus dolomieu.) 
298, 299. Genarches miilleri (Levinsen) from Cyclopterus lumpus: 298, Ventral view; 299, 
ovum. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 88 PLATE 23 


300. 
301, 302. 


303, 304. 
305-309. 


310. 
311-314. 


315-317. 


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0 

54 

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30 
20 

0 
oto 

° 

0 


Genarches miilleri (Levinsen) from Cyclopterus lumpus: Lateral view, anterior end. 

Genarches infirmus, new species, from Oncorhynchus tschawytscha: 301, Ventral 
view; 302, ova. 

Genarches sp. from Oncorhynchus tschawytscha: 303, Ventral view; 304, ova. 

Didymozoon scombri Taschenberg from Poronotus triacanthus: 305, Anterior end, 
ventral view; 306, same view of another, ejaculatory duct empty; 307, view of 
region of vicinity of shell gland; 308, anterior end of specimen with metraterm 
gorged with ova; 309, same, more highly magnified. 

Didymoxoon sardae (G. A. and W.G. MacCallum) from Sarda sarda: Anterior end. 

Didymozoon sp.: 311, Anterior end, life; 312-314, ova. (311 and 312 from Scomber 
scombrus, 313 from Pneumatophorus grex, 314 from Sertola zonata.) 

Wedlia bipartita (Wedl) from Thunnus secundodorsalis: 315, Trematodes encysted 
in pyloric caeca of host, life; 316, small specimen with single head protruding, 
life; 317, specimen compressed, heads of both male and female protruding. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 88 PLATE 24 


318. 


319. 
320-323. 


324-330. 


331. 


Wedlia bipartita (Wedl) from Thunnus secundodorsalis: Heads of specimens shown 
in fig. 317, enlarged. 

Tetracotyle communis Hughes from Stizostedion vitreum: Longitudinal section. 

Neascus cuticola (Nordmann): 320, Ventral view, life, posterior end reflected 
dorsad; 321, specimen removed from cyst and straightened, life; 322, larva 
escaping from cyst, life; 323, cyst surrounded by pigment, section. (320 from 
Salvelinus fontinalis, 321-323 from Micropterus dolomieu.) 

Pleorchis americanus Lihe from Cynoscion regalis: 324, Frontal section, region of 
ovary; 325, sagittal section, region of ovary; 326, cross section at level of genital 
pore; 327, cross section near level of anterior edge of ovary; 328, fifth section in 
series back of fig. 327; 329, fifth section in series back of fig. 328; 330, section from 
series a few sections back of fig. 329. 

Gargorchis varians, new genus and species, from Ceratacanthus schoepfi: Ventral 
view. 


332-340. Gargorchis varians, new genus and species, from Ceraiacanthus schoe 


PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 88 PLATE 25 


Be 


section, region of seminal receptacle; 335, cross section near anterior end of 
ventral sucker; 336, cross section, base of cirrus pouch; 337, cross section, level 
of ovary; 338, cross section, level of first testes; 339, cross section, level of 
seminal receptacle (tortuous course of Laurer’s canal compiled from several 
sections); 340, cross section near posterior end. 


341-344. Dereirema fusillus Linton from Exocoetus volitans: 341, Characteristic shapes, life; 


342, ventrolateral view; 343,-ventral view; 344, lateral view. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 88 PLATE 26 


‘ 


\ 


345. Monostoma sp. from Gadus morrhua: Ventral view. 

346-348. Distoma fenestratum Linton: 346, Anterior end of specimen fixed under pressure; | 
347, posterior end of same specimen; 348, posterior end of specimen showing 
characteristic constricted intestine. (346 and 347 from Remora remora, 348 | 
from Ammodytes americanus.) 

349, 350. Distoma sp. from Menticirrhus saxatilis: 349, Ventral view; 350, region of cirrus. 
pouch and metraterm. 

351. Distoma sp. from Percopsis omiscomaycus: Ventral view. 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION 
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Vol. 88 Washington : 1940 No. 3079 


REPORT ON CERTAIN GROUPS OF NEUROPTEROID 
INSECTS FROM SZECHWAN, CHINA 


By Natuan Banxs 


For more than 15 years Dr. D. C. Graham has been sending neurop- 
teroid insects from Szechwan Province, China, to the United States 
National Museum. In 1928 the late Dr. A. B. Martynov, stopping 
at Washington, borrowed some of the Trichoptera and in 19381 pub- 
lished a paper on them.? Later some of the Plecoptera were lent to 
Dr. P. W. Claassen and Dr. C. F. Wu. They described some species 
in 1934.2. The great bulk of the material, however, remained unstud- 
ied. In 1937 most of that on hand was lent to me, and in 1938 the 
remainder and some more that had recently arrived. I induced Dr. 
F, M. Carpenter to work on the family Panorpidae, and his report 
has recently been issued.* The present paper deals with all specimens 
in the collection not considered by these authors. The main part 
of the collection (including holotypes) is in the National Museum; 
duplicates, when present, have been retained for the Museum of 
Comparative Zoology. 

Szechwan is extremely rich in many of the groups of neuropteroid 
insects. Dr. Martynov noted that this fauna resembled that of Tibet 
more than that of more eastern China. This was due partly to the 
lack of material from China. In recent years Dr. G. Ulmer has pub- 
lished on large collections of Trichoptera from eastern China; Father 

1Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 79, art. 25, 20 pp., 4 pls., 1931. 


?Pekin Nat. Hist. Bull., vol. 9, pp. 112-125, 1934. 
Proce. Ent. Soc. Washington, vol. 40, No. 9, pp. 267-281, 2 pls., 1938. 


185645—40 1 173 


174 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88 


Longinos Navas has published on material in the Heude Museum at 
Shanghai, and the Museum of Comparative Zoology has acquired 
a large collection from southeastern China and Hainan. With this 
material it is seen that many of the peculiar genera of western China 
also occur in the east, although not so abundantly, and in the east 
there is more infusion of the Malaysian fauna. The species, however, 
of western China are usually different from those of the eastern, less 
mountainous part. 

Tt has been extremely interesting to me to discover that there is 
a true Himalayan fauna, utterly different from the European, from 
the Mediterranean, and from the American, either North or South, 
a fauna that spreads south into at least upper India (not to Ceylon), 
down the Malay Peninsula, and often to some of the Sunda Islands, 
eastward over China, Burma, Siam, Indochina, and even to Japan 
and Formosa. 

Characteristic genera are Neopanorpa, Limnocentropus, Eubasil- 
lissa, Pseudostenophylax, Nothopsyche, Stenopsyche, Himalopsyche, 
Kamimuria, Nogiperla, Claassenia, Neochauliodes, Neuromus, Pro- 
tohermes, Neuronema, and Epicanthaclisis. No insect fauna is en- 
tirely endemic as to genera, so here there are representatives of insect 
faunas characteristic of other regions. The weakness of the Holarctic 
fauna in Szechwan is greater than one expects from its location, and 
few of the genera present are represented by more than two or three 
species. Of the Holarctic genera Panorpa, Rhyacophila, Glossosoma, 
Arctopsyche, Philopotamus, Limnephilus, Glyphotaelius, Platyphylaz, 
and Salis occur in both North America and Europe. Of European 
genera in Szechwan there are Huroleon, Deutoleon, Osmylus, and 
Marthamea, each of few species. 

Of American genera in Szechwan (not at present in Europe) there 
are Pelioperla, Togoperla, Potamyia, Psilotreta, Acroneuria, and 
Halesinus (near Neophylaz). 

Of Holarctic genera, but practically world wide, there are Chry- 
sopa, Hemerobius, Hydropsyche, and Goera. 

One European species of Chrysopa occurs also in Szechwan, but 
most of the species are not closely related to European; one is common 
in Japan. Several of the American genera occur also in Japan. So 
there is little evidence whether these Holarctic elements in Szechwan 
came from America or from Europe. 

Of typical Mediterranean genera there is no evidence (so far) in 
Szechwan, although many occur in Turkestan, southern Siberia, 
northern China, and Japan; such are Ascalaphus, Lopezus, Myrme- 
caelurus, Dilar, and Raphidia; the last two genera are doubtless older 
than the Mediterranean fauna, although now chiefly represented 
there; both, however, occur in America and elsewhere. 


NEUROPTEROID INSECTS FROM SZECHWAN—BANKS 175 


Various genera now typically tropical are present in Szechwan; 
these, however, are commoner in eastern China. These genera are 
Nothochrysa, Ankylopteryx, Neoperla, Spilosmylus, Dipseudopsis, 
Notanatolica, Indophanes, Polymorphanisus, and Hydromanicus, rep- 
resented by only one or two species each. 

In spite of the infusion of elements from other regions, the 
Himalayan element is dominant in specimens and species. Although 
there are here recorded 107 species, and a few others have been de- 
scribed from Szechwan, this is probably less than half of the number 
that will eventually be found in this rich province. Thirty-six species 
are described as new. 


Family PERLIDAE 


Genus CLAASSENIA Wu 
CLAASSENIA SEMIBRACHYPTERA Wu and Claassen 


Several from between Kinting and Suifu, June 26 to July 1, 1,500 
feet; Shin Kai Si, Mount Omei, July 17-80, 4,400 feet; and Kaiting, 
1,500 feet. 

Genus ACRONEURIA Pictet 
ACRONEURIA GRAHAMI Wu and Claassen 


Three females: One from Kuanshien, September 12, 3,000 feet; one 
from Yellow Dragon Temple near Songpan, July 25-28, 11,000 to 
14,000 feet; and one from near Tsao Ting, July 12, Yunnan. 

The ventral plate is produced slightly, almost angularly in the 
middle. 


ACRONEURIA YIUI Wu 


One male from Mount Omei has the papillae on the ninth tergite in 
a continuous area, those on the tenth in two groups; the button on 
last sternite is moderately small and transverse, but the pointed proc- 
esses are directed upward, not toward each other as Wu states. 


Genus KAMIMURIA Klapalek 
KAMIMURIA TAOI Wu 


From Chengtu, May 1, 1,700 feet, Shin Kai Si, Mount Omei, 4,000 
feet, and also Pei Bay, June (G. Liu). 


KAMIMURIA SIMPLEX Chu 
From Mount Omei, in July, described from Szechwan. 
KAMIMURIA FULVESCENS Klapdlek 


One from Yachow to Muping, June 23-25, 2,000 to 5,000 feet; one 
from O-Er, 26 miles north of Li Fan; and one (crushed) from 9 
miles southwest of Tatsienlu, June 25-27. The processes are very 
small and poorly developed. Wu‘ misspells it flavescens. 


4 Pekin Nat. Hist. Bull., vol. 11, p. 183, 1936. 


176 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou, 88 
KAMIMURIA JEANNELI Wu 


Two females of this large species from near Suifu, May—June. 
Described from Hangchow. 


KAMIMURIA TIENMUSHANENSIS Wu 
From Kuanshien; described from Tienmushan. 


Genus TYLOPYGE Klapalek 
TYLOPYGE KLAPALEKI Wu and Claassen 


One from O-Er, near Li Fan, August 6-16, 9,000 feet, and one from 
Lim Ngai Si, near Kuanshien, September 20-30, 3,500 feet. 


Genus TOGOPERLA Klapalek 
TOGOPERLA GRAHAMI, new species 


PLATE 27, FIGURES 2, 5 


Head mostly black, the lateral tubercles and raised lines in front 
of anterior ocellus yellowish, and some pale back of eyes and ocelli; 
antennae and palpi dark brown; pronotum dull black, mesonotum 
dark in front, rest and abdomen pale yellowish, but latter somewhat 
darker at tip; venter wholly pale; legs pale on basal half or two- 
thirds of femora, rest black, a yellowish streak under the hind tibiae. 

Wings brown, subcostal area scarcely darker, costal area yellowish. 
Venation much as in 7. perpicta and 7’. limbata, the cross vein in 
hindwing as usual; in forewings, however, the radial sector arises 
more basally than usual, very much before end of the first anal 
vein. 

The male genitalia somewhat like 7. valwulata, but the inner pad 
of processes not nearly so prominent, and the sixth and seventh seg- 
ments show no group of spinules, the sixth and eighth with some 
rather short hair (not nearly so long as in 7’. perpicta). 

Length of forewing, 22 mm. 

One from Lin Ngai $i, near Kuanshien, Sept. 20, 3,500 feet (holo- 
type) ; and one from Kuanshien, August 18, 1937 (through Parish). 
The leg marks are similar to 7. bifoveolata from Tonkin, but the 
genitalia are different. Holotype, U.S.N.M. No. 53139. Paratype in 
M.C.Z. 


Genus MARTHAMEA Kiapalek 
MARTHAMEA ARMATA, new species 
PLATE 27, FIGURES 4, 6 
Head largely dull black, but a broad yellow stripe each side from 


base of antenna up between eyes and ocelli; basal joint of antennae 
dark, beyond pale for some distance then gradually becoming darker; 


NEUROPTEROID INSECTS FROM SZECHWAN—BANKS 177 


palpi black; pronotum wholly black; mesonotum mostly black, but 
some pale each side on scutellum; metanotum black in front and 
middle, elsewhere pale; abdomen pale tawny above and below, also 
cerci; sternum pale; legs largely pale, but hindlegs dark toward tips 
of femora and above on the tibiae; wings pale gray, veins brown, 
costal veins yellow. Head moderately broad, eyes large, ocelli form 
an isosceles triangle, hind ocelli plainly nearer each other than to 
eyes; pronotum much broader than long, somewhat narrowed behind, 
a rather broad median furrow with the two ridges, lateral rugae 
iairly large. 

Wings moderately slender; usually two branches to the radial sector 
beyond anastomosis, about five costal cross veins beyond end of sub- 
costa, first anal without curve, second only slightly curved, first anal 
ends before origin of radial sector, latter rather far out, and about 
as near to anastomosis as to first median cross vein. Male genitalia 
very prominent; the fifth segment much produced behind in a forked 
lobe, each lobe with spinules, the upper branch of the process is very 
long, horizontal, with a large hook at inner base, the inner edge 
toward tip has several spinelike teeth, the first two rather large; 
this process has many long, fine, erect hairs on inner side, the lower 
branch of the process is slender and smooth and reaches fully to 
the forked lobe of seventh segment. 

Length of forewing, 14 mm.; width, 4 mm. 

One male from Chengtu, May 10-11, 1,700 ft. In general appear- 
ance it is similar to U/. witripennis. Holotype, U.S.N.M. No. 53140. 
Paragnetina multispinosa, lately described by Wu,? is very similar, but 
the process is differently armed. 


Genus NOGIPERLA Okamoto 
NOGIPERLA CHIANGI, new species 


PLATE 27, FiGuRES 3, 8, 9 


Pale brownish yellow; abdomen rather more yellow; wings pale 
gray, veins brownish; apical half of cercal spine black; legs pale 
yellowish, unmarked. The ocelli large and widely separated, the 
eyes rather large, larger than in fraterna; pronotum broader behind 
than in front, the corners broadly rounded, posterior margin concave; 
forewings long and slender, about 15 costal cross veins, four or five 
beyond end of subcosta, about five median and five to seven cubital 
cross veins, radial sector forked once, the pedicel nearly or fully as 
long as fork, median is also forked once beyond the anastomosis, 
branches from anal cell wide apart at base. In hindwings five to 
eight costals and four or five beyond; radial sector and medius 


5 Peking Nat. Hist. Bull., vol. 13, p. 65, 1938. 


178 PROCEEDINGS OF. THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vO, 88 


forked as in forewing; in both wings the cross veins from radius to 
medius are almost in line. 

In the male the uplifted penultimate ventral segment shows at base 
a rounded lobe. 

The female resembles the male, but the cerci are normal, basal 
joint not elongated nor with spine; the ventral plate of female is 
extremely large and covers the next segment, the tip entire. 

Length of forewing, 10 mm.; width, 3 mm. 

From Liu Ngai Si, near Kuanshien, September 20-30, 3,500 feet 
(holotype) ; Beh Luh Din, August 7-25, 6,000 feet ; and Mu Sang Tsai, 
10 miles northwest of Weichow, July 2-6, 8,000 to 10,000 feet. Holo- 
type, U.S.N.M. No. 53141. Paratypes in U.S.N.M. and M.C.Z. 

In the wholly pale body and legs it is like NV. fraterna; from 
fraterna it differs in the elongate cercal joint longer, the black cercal 
spine, in the small rounded piece at base of penultimate ventral 
segment, etc. 

The three known species are from Japan, Formosa, and Malacca. 


Genus NEOPERLA Needham 
NEOPERLA MINOR Chu 


Several from Mount Omei in July and August. Described from 


Hangchow. 
NEOPERLA TINGWASHANENSIS Wu 


One from Kuanshien, July 18-20, 5,200 feet. 


Genus PARAGNETINA Klapalek 
PARAGNETINA INDENTATA Wu 


Two specimens, rather small, appear to belong to this species, one 
from Kuanshien and one from Si Gi Pin, August 5-9, 6,000 to 7,000 
feet. Also from Pei Bay, June (G. Liu). 


Genus PELTOPERLA Needham 


PELTOPERLA SINENSIS Wu and Claassen 
One from 9 miles southwest of Tatsienlu, June 25-27, 8,500 feet. 
Family SIALIDAE 
The genera of Sialidae known to occur in China, or some from 
nearby, can be separated as follows: 


1. No ocelli; pronotum twice as broad as long; fourth tarsal joint 
with plainly bilobed tip (subfamily Sialinae)~-_._______.__________- els 2, 

With ocelli; pronotum about as long as broad; fourth tarsal 
joint scarcely, if at all, bilobed (subfamily Corydalinae)—-____________ 3 


NEUROPTEROID INSECTS FROM SZECHWAN—BANKS 179 


ho 


. Radial sector toward tip with several branches from upper side 


EC EY: LT ee ce a Bee Ue ea ie ees vee hv bbl be le Ad ee, Sialis 

Radial sector without such branches, simply cross veins to 
TAC LU ee ee ee eee eee eee nee ee ee ee Ber Indosialis 

3. First anal vein of forewings forks twice; more than three radial 
cross) lyelns) /(iribessHermesini)= Eke ae ee overt 4 
Wirsttanal forks) | DUtBON CC kee cas Se eee ee es ee a 2 5 

4, Ocelli small, round; anterior ocellus not transverse; wings 
heavily, marked "or allie ar ee ees Ae re Ratlieed See er Hermes 

Ocelli large, elongate; anterior ocellus plainly transverse; wings 
Su TRIN yf Bi see a arc IE RL es Protohermes 

5. A distinct tooth on margin of head back of eyes; usually at 
least four radial cross veins (tribe Corydalini)——~________.__________ 6 

No such tooth on head; usually but three radial cross veins 
CGE MeTED i aL LT NA) a ee er need ee Re a 


6. A spine or tooth on upper side of head each side; clypeus very 

deeply indented in middle; mandibles very large; some costals 
Crossed] tts Jy sans eran tie or meld bres stor yess ted Acanthacorydalis 

No such spines on head; elypeus only slightly, if at all, emargi- 
nate; mandibles not so elongate; costals usually not connected__ Neuromus 

7. Ocelli very small, laterals more than four diameters apart; 

antennae in both sexes pectinate; wings without prominent 


MAPK! Soe Ek A Re AES AE) EOE A Ctenochauliodes 
Ocelli large, laterals not over three diameters apart-__.___________________ 8 
8. Antennae of male pectinate, of female not at all; wings with 
spots, at least one in costal area before stigma_____________ Neochauliodes 
Antennae of neither sex pectinate, in male a little serrate; wings 
waithout«definite marks eee: tes Reena e KENNA PESO Ohi se Parachauliodes 


Genus SIALIS Latreille 
SIALIS SINENSIS, new species 


PLATE 29, Figure 52 


Body black, legs and antennae also; wings fumose, front pair 
darker, almost black near base; head with the usual two submedian 
stripes behind, not narrowed posteriorly, each side with two rows of 
three rounded spots, and outside of these seven more or less elongate 
spots. Surface of head not evenly punctate or granulose but covered 
with many short, irregular ridges. The transverse suture above 
antennae very distinct, in middle projecting angularly behind but 
no impressed line or groove from this to the submedian elongate 
spots. Pronotum a little more than twice as broad as long, a little 
broader behind than in front, surface densely punctate. 

Forewings have the costal area but little swollen, less than in many 
species, 10 or 11 costal cross veins; the cross vein from subcosta to 
radius but little more than its length from origin of radial sector 
(usually much farther) ; the three radial cross veins at about equal 
distances apart and from base of radial sector, the latter arises 
plainly beyond the oblique cross vein between medius and cubitus. 


180 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou, 88 


Tip of male abdomen projecting above, and below with a large cen- 
tral opening; below this is a broad, oblique area. 

Length of forewing, female, 12 mm.; male, 10 mm. 

From Kuanshien, Szechwan. 

Holotype male, U. S. N. M. No. 53142. Paratypes in U. S. N. M. 
and M. C. Z. 


Genus ACANTHACORYDALIS Weele 
ACANTHACORYDALIS ORIENTALIS McLachlan 


Two specimens from Kuanshien, Szechwan, 1,800 to 3,500 feet. I 
have one from Ichang, Hupei. In all three the median pale stripe of 
pronotum is nearly of the same width throughout, only a trifle wider in 
anterior part, but not so much as in Van der Weele’s figure of A. kolbez 
from Omei Shan, or so wide as his diagram of A. orientalis from 
McLachlan’s photograph; and the photograph does not show it so wide. 
On the sides of these specimens are several elongate pale stripes, very 
similar to Van der Weele’s figure of A. kolbez; moreover McLachlan 
says “somewhat irregular longitudinal lines, forming ill-defined bands 
on either side.” Therefore I consider that A. kolbei is a synonym of 
A. orientalis. McLachlan’s type was from Chia-ting-Fu, western 
China. 

Genus NEUROMUS Rambur 
NEUROMUS IGNOBILIS Navas 


Several from Shin Kai Si, Mount Omei, July; near Mount Wei, 
July 24 to August 4, 2,000 to 8,000 feet. Described from Kuanshien. 
Very little different from WV. latratus McLachlan, wings more fulvous 
than Jatratus, and latter is often darker toward tip. 


NEUROMUS MCLACHLANI Weele 


One from Long Tsi Shien, Mount Omei, about 3,000 feet. Mount 
Omei is the type locality. 


Genus PROTOHERMES Weele 
PROTOHERMES DAVIDI Weele 


Three from Szechwan, August 1928. It is the largest species in the 
genus; P. horni Navas is evidently the same form. 


PROTOHERMES FLAVIPENNIS Navas 
One from Pei Bay, June (Gaines Liu), Szechwan. 


PROTOHERMES COSTALIS Walker 
One from between Mount Omei and Mount Wa, July 24 to August 4, 


2,000 to 8,000 feet. Described from North China, also known from 
Formosa. 


NEUROPTEROID INSECTS FROM SZECHWAN—BANKS 181 
PROTOHERMES XANTHODES Navas 


Many from Chengtu, May 17-22, 1,700 feet, and near Suifu, May to 
June. May be the same as P. rubidus Stitz, which has the head and 
pronotum greatly darkened. 

Genus NEOCHAULIODES Weele 
NEOCHAULIODES SINENSIS Walker 


Three from Suifu, May 10, 1,000 feet, also Peking. Widely dis- 
tributed in China. 


NEOCHAULIODES OCCIDENTALIS Weele 
One from Suifu, August 1928; a large and more maculate form of 


N. sinensis. 
NEOCHAULIODES FRATERNUS McLachlan 


One near Tsaotong, July 12, Yunnan, and one Szechwan, August 
1928. 
Genus CTENOCHAULIODES Weele 
CTENOCHAULIODES FRIEDRICHI Navas 


From Szechwan (no definite locality), and from Mount Omei, 
11,000 feet, July. I have it from Kuanshien, May. 


Family MICROMIIDAE (Hemerobiidae) 


The genera of Micromiidae known to me from China and adjoining 
areas can be tabulated as follows: 


1. Forewings with a recurrent vein at base, costal area broadened 


MOAT WASCH ek Ede OE Ei a ne Sk eS ea es 6 
Forewings without recurrent vein, costal area more narrow at 
ASC r= es RR a i A ree SE A Ot Ss a 7 


i) 


. Medius and cubitus in basal part well separated; but one series 
of gradates beyond middle of wing; but two radial sectors; 


wingsAverye Slender. 200 yaw Be he ee TA Lachobiella 
Medius and cubitus running close together in basal part; two 
series of gradates; three or more radial sectors____________________ 3 
3. Medius not forked before the cross vein to cubitus; wings very 
slender; nearly all gradates well separted________________________ Nenus 
Medius forked before the cross vein to cubitus; wing less 
slender, often many gradates more close to each other______________ 4 
4. Some of costal cross veins near base connected to each other___ Phlebiomus 
Rarely any of costal cross veins connected_.--__-=-_____-_____________ 5 
5. But four radial sectors; gradates much separated_______________ Micromus 
More than four radial sectors; gradates nearer each other___. Eumicromus 
6. Forewing with but one, a median, series of gradates____________________ tf 
Horewing) withyan outer series alsos se cee es ee en ee 8 


185645—39 2 


182 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88 


7. Subeosta and radius as far separated as the veins behind them, 


ANAVAYCONNEEEINL A CEOS sve Lin eee ee ee eR Annandalia 
Subcosta and radius close to each other, almost touching in basal 
Dar ee eee 2 Soe VR se IAEA RCO ON dh Re ET A Notiobiella 
8. No outer gradates in hindwing) 222222) ee ee Sympherobius 
An outer, gradate\ seriesainvhind wing see eee ee eee 9 
9. First anal vein forked near middle, and the fork running 
parallel to ‘veineo 22 eee ee eee 10 
First anal vein with only short branches to margin or if forked, 
then ‘the: fork .diverces ssa aie ee ae he as ee 12 
10. Tip of wing plainly faleate; at least five radial sectors; costal 
area very broad and some of the cross veins connected_____ Drepanacra 
Tip OL Wing NOE Lal Cae Lee ae ee Ee I ee ee a ee eee 11 


11. Four or five radial sectors, last with four or more branches; 
cubitus runs far out, ending near outer margin; besides the 


usual two there is a subbasal series of gradates______________ Neuronema 

More than five radial sectors, last with but three branches; cubi- 
tus ends on hind margin; but two series of gradates__________ Megalomus 

12. Tip of wings falcate; but three radial sectors; first anal with 
GEIST OMG i ce Sa aN ee Allemerobius 
Tip of wane notvatvall faleate wee 7k PEN A es hE ee 13 


13. In hindwing origin of first radial sector and fork of medius 

are opposite; in forewing the cross vein from medius to cubi- 
tus is as long as the ‘eross vein’ behind it-22 = --222 2 Boriomyia 

In hindwing fork of medius is plainly beyond origin of first 

radial sector; in forewing the cross vein from medius to cubi- 

tus is plainly shorter than the cross vein behind it. 

Hemerobius (or Mucropalpus) 
Several subgenera may be recognized, as ndomicromus for those 
species of Venus with a broader wing, and gradates less separated; 
Schneiderobius for those Hemerobius with the cross vein between 
radius and medius out near or even a little on the first radial sector. 


Genus NEURONEMA McLachlan 
NEURONEMA LAMINATA Tjeder 


PLATE 28, FIGURES 26, 28 


Several from Beh Luh Dun, July 30 to August 25; Mu Sang Tsai, 
10 miles northwest of Weichow, July 2; O-Er, 26 miles north of Li 
Fan, August 6, 9,000 feet; Tsi Kong, August 11, 13,000 feet; Hai Tsi 
Ping, near Tatsienlu, August 5, 13,000 feet; and 9 miles southwest of 
Tatsienlu, June 2-7, 8,500 to 13,000 feet. Described from Kansu. 
The male genitalia, from side, show the superior lobe not nearly so 
greatly swollen as in WV. deltoides, but much higher than long, and 
with the wart about its width from the upper margin. The slender 
piece below is inwardly curved and its tip has stout black spines; in 
one specimen there projects from above base of this piece two slender 
upcurved blades. 


NEUROPTEROID INSECTS FROM SZECHWAN—BANKS 183 
NEURONEMA SIMILIS, new species 


PLATE 28, Figures 27, 30 


In general similar to WV. sinensis Tjeder, but the dark basal part 
of wing is not so dark, and the pale apical part is more broken by 
marks, the outer gradates are brown, except lower three, in both 
sexes; male genitalia very different. 

Face pale, with a few faint dark marks, a dark brown spot over 
base of each antenna; antenna pale, but inner side of basal joint 
brown; pronotum brown, with a pale stripe through the middle, 
mesonotum and metanotum largely brown; abdomen above and below 
paler brown; legs pale, front femora dark above, front and mid 
tibiae with the usual dark streaks. 

Forewings marked much as the photograph of J. sinensis; gradates 
mostly brown, but a few in each row usually pale; in hindwings 
outer gradates dark, inner row hyaline, longitudinal veins mostly 
brownish, a faint brown cloud on hind margin beyond end of anal 
vein. 

In forewings four radial sectors, the fourth with six or seven 
branches; at inner gradates only two veins between the hyaline line 
and the medius, about 6 inner gradates, 10 in middle series, and 14 
in outer row. 

In the male the superior plate is much longer and less high than 
in other species, the wart is near the lower edge, and beyond it and 
above it are two slightly swollen areas (dotted lines in figure), the 
lower piece is not so long as in laminata and has a black tooth at 
end; the inferior piece (ninth sternite) is much slenderer than in 
laminata. 

Length of forewing, male, 12 mm.; female, 18 mm. 

Several from Yellow Dragon Temple, near Songpan, July 20, 
12,000 to 14,000 feet. 

Holotype, U. S. N. M. No. 53143. Paratypes in U. S. N. M. and 
M: CeZ,. 


ALLEMEROBIUS, new genus 


In appearance like Hemerobius, with recurrent vein, but rather 
narrow costal area; the fork of median vein is scarcely bent down, 
so that the cross vein to cubitus is nearly as long as the one behind 
it; it differs from both Boriomyia and Hemerobius in having the tip 
of wing falcate, the outer margin being broadly, evenly concave, 
three radial sectors (in genotype), two series of gradates, the first 
anal vein with long fork. 


184 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you. $8 


ALLEMEROBIUS FLAVEOLUS, new species 


PLATE 28, FIGURE 32 


Body, legs, antennae, and wings distinctly pale yellowish, forewing 
with a brown shade along hind margin, most prominent along the 
concave outer border; some of the gradates faintly, but rather 
broadly margined with pale brown; and near tip some veins have 
faint shadings of brown on each side (as usual in Hemerobius) ; 
along hind and outer margin there is a brown dot at end of each 
veinlet, and one between; hindwing faintly yellowish, veins yellow, 
unmarked. 

Almost all costal cross veins are forked for fully one-third way 
out; six inner and seven outer gradates, fairly evenly spaced except 
that in outer row the one next to the top is much beyond the others, 
and in the inner row the lower one is beyond the next. The lower 
branch of the second fork of the third radial sector ends in the 
acute tip of wing; a cross vein well before the first radial sector and 
just before the forking of medius; the first anal forks a little beyond 
middle. In hindwing four gradates in inner row, and six in outer 
row, next to top much beyond the others. 

Length of forewing, 10 mm.; width, 4.5 mm. 

Two females, one from Gieh Yin Temple, Mount Omei, August 
10-11, 9,500 feet (holotype), and one from O-Er, 26 miles north of 
Li Fan, August 16-21, 10,000 feet ; also from Weichow, 65 miles north 
of Chengtu, August 15; and Shin Kai Si, Mount Omei, August 20, 
4.000 to 6,000 feet. Holotype, U. S. N. M. No. 53144. Paratypes in 
U.S.N-M. and M.C-Z. 


Genus HEMEROBIUS Linnaeus 


HEMEROBIUS CHIANGI, new species 
PLATE 28, FIGURE 33 


Face pale yellowish, shining, cheeks brown; vertex brownish on 
sides, pale in middle; antennae dark brown, gradually fading to 
pale at tip, inner and lower sides of basal joint pale; pronotum brown 
on sides, broadly pale in middle, rest of thorax above pale, slightly 
darker on sides; abdomen mostly brown; legs pale, hind tibiae not 
swollen. 

Forewings with mostly pale venation, most of cross veins dark, 
three more prominent brown spots along the cubitus, stigma scarcely 
marked; in hindwings the veins mostly pale, but radius and sector 
toward tip are brown. 

Wings moderately slender, tips hardly acute. Forewings with 
three radial sectors, the third with four branches; fork of medius 


NEUROPTEROID INSECTS FROM SZECHWAN—BANKS 185 


is just behind origin of first radial sector, the first branch of cubitus 
arises much beyond forking of medius; the cross vein from medius 
to radius is a short distance out on the first radial sector, and is 
hyaline; the medius at the cross vein to cubitus is scarcely bent, so 
that the cross vein is almost as long as that from cubitus to anal 
vein; about six inner gradates, and seven or eight outer ones, the 
most posterior of inner series is plainly beyond the next. 

Male appendages slender, inner edge with an erect, slender spine 
beyond middle, but about twice its length before the tip. 

Length of forewing, 9 mm.; width, 3 mm. 

From Tsi King 13,000 feet, August 11, one male, holotype, U. 5. 
N. M. No. 53145. A female from near Washan, 6,000 feet, July 26, 
probably belongs here, venation about the same, but the antennae 
are wholly pale. This species is related to H. poppei Petersen, which 
Tjeder records from Kansu. WZ. poppei is said to have pale antennae, 
darker at tip. Their figures show the spine heavier and nearer to 
the tip. Petersen speaks of the cylindrical hindtibiae. There are, 
however, differences in their figures, and there may be two species. 
The basal venation is much as in H. pini and H. nitidulus for which 
Kriiger makes Reuterobius and Schneiderobius, and it may be these 
form a subgenus. 


HEMEROBIUS GRAHAMI, new species 


Face shining, very dark brown, cheeks also, vertex very dark, last 
joint of palpi dark, antennae brown on outer side and above of basal 
joint, below pale, other joints pale, with broad rings or brown at tips: 
pronotum very dark brown, a pale median line, a little widened be- 
hind, rest of thorax above also dark brown, no pale spots, except 
faintly in middle front of mesonotum, hair on thorax very long; 
abdomen also dark brown above and below. Forewings rather 
heavily marked with brown; cross veins brown, longitudinal veins 
mostly brewn, with short hyaline spots, the brown extended each side 
on membrane, larger brown spots along median and cubitus, over the 
first and last connecting veins, and halfway along over the second 
and third branches of the cubitus; margin of wing faintly, but 
broadly, infuscate, a few hyaline spots along outer and hind margin, 
but much separated, stigma not especially marked; in hindwings veins 
mostly brown, stigma more prominent. 

Wings rather long, apex rounded, cross vein from radius to median 
is near base, three radial sectors, equally separated, third forked 
three times; first cross vein back to radius farther than usual beyond 
second fork; seven inner gradates, last two close together, but last is 
a little beyond the other; seven outer gradates, rather widely 
separate; in hindwing five gradates in outer and two in inner row. 


186 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88 


Forewing, 9.2 mm. long; 3.6 mm. wide. 
One female from Suifu, April. Holotype, U.S.N.M. No. 53146. 


HEMEROBIUS BISPINUS, new species 
PLATE 28, FicuRES 25, 29 


Face pale yellowish, a brown spot each side under eye and con- 
tinued down on clypeus; antennae pale; pronotum pale in middle, 
with broad brown stripe each side, rest of notum pale, with dark at 
base of wings; abdomen pale brownish above, paler below; legs pale, 
unspotted, hind tibiae swollen. 

Forewings pale, veins mostly pale, sparsely marked with brown, 
gradates brown, a small brown mark over cross vein from medius to 
cubitus and at bases of radial sectors, margin dark with a few pale 
spots; hindwings with pale veins and brownish gradates, a faint dark 
mark at end of anal. 

Wings of moderate breadth, venation much as in humuli, lower 
gradate of inner series plainly beyond next; six inner, seven outer 
gradates. The male genitalia are more like H. ferow and H. 
spinigerus, but the tip of the superior branch is pointed beneath, and 
the two spinelike processes above are slenderer than in H. ferow, the 
lower part is longer and slenderer than in H. ferow. 

Length of forewing, male, 7.5 mm.; female, 10 mm. 

Holotype, U. S. N. M. No. 53147, from Szechwan, March 11-21, 
1933, altitude 2,000 feet; paratypes from Beh Luh Din, 30 miles north 
of Chengtu, April 1-15. The larger female from Beh Luh Din does 
not seem to differ. 

The three species from Szechwan are separable as follows: 


1. In forewings the cross vein from medius to radius is close to or 


Out abit on thetirst radialisector2—- === a ee chiangi 

In forewings this cross vein is near the base of wing, far from 
Dasevolteradiall SCClOL2 262222 ee ee eee 2 
PATS ENC CON AD E11 vam Cl ET ULE Cl Tes VOSS se bispinus 
DEAE ened 70 OS Cea iy CR A ee ee grahami 


Family PSYCHOPSIDAE 
Genus BALMES Navas 
BALMES TERISSINUS Navas 


Many specimens south of Suifu, Yunnan border, April, and from 
Chengtu, May. 


Family CHRYSOPIDAE (Nothochrysidae) 


The genera of Chrysopidae known from China and nearby areas 
can be separated by the following table: 


NEUROPTEROID INSECTS FROM SZECHWAN—BANKS 187 


1, Costal area extremely broad from the very base_________-____ Ankylopteryx 
Costal area at first very narrow, then gradually widening__________________ 2 

2. Hind tibia not more than three times as long as hind tarsus; 
third cubital cel] divided longitudinally____________________ Nothochrysa 
Hind tibia more than three times as long as hind tarsus____-______________ 3 

3. Cubitus of forewing running out to apical fifth of wing; cubital 
area broader than the posteubital area_________-_-_________ Prochrysopa 
Cubitus bends down to hind margin before apical third of wing__-____ SA 
4, Third cubital cell longitudinally divided_-____________________ Leucochrysa 

Third cubital cell obliquely divided, the vein ending on upper 
TOTAT UTA OE COLE eee ee a a 8 Ee a ee 5 
DeBUtItWwO LOWS OL e2badale, VEINICUS 2. ees Bee ae ee ee Chrysopa 
Nore vthanetwor Lows Olle oars see eee, Ne ee ee ee eet 6 
G6) Cross) veinsimanyvand not inrows 2s tee eee 2 ee Tumeochrysa 
Crossiveins Inthreerowss— see ee ree a ae Se ae Chrysopidia 


Chrysoplecta Navas, 1910, is the same as 7’wmeochrysa Needham, 
1909. 

Cintameva Navas was made for species having cross veins in the 
costal area of stigma; this character is somewhat variable; but the 
group includes (C. perla Linnaeus, which is the type of Chrysopa, so 
falls. 

Nineta Navas was made for Chrysopa vitiata, on account of the 
rather more prominent cerci in the male; this is also a variable char- 
acter. The type species in the hindwing has the radial sector separate 
from the median near base, tho very close; other species placed in 
Nineta have them partly united; at best it is a subgenus. 


Genus NOTHOCHRYSA McLachlan 
NOTHOCHRYSA AEQUALIS Walker 


Three from Suifu, 1,000 to 2,000 feet. 


Genus ANKYLOPTERYX Brauer 
ANKYLOPTERYX 8-PUNCTATA Fabricius 
One from Beh Luh Din, September 20-28, 6,000 feet. 


Genus CHRYSOPIDIA Navas 
CHRYSOPIDIA REGULATA Navas 
PLATE 27, Figure 17 


Two from near Washan, July 26, 6,000 feet, and Shih Men Kan, 
Kweichow, July 28. 

The discoidal cell is small, but the vein ends plainly beyond the 
cross vein, eight or nine cubitals beyond; stigma with cross veins in 
costal area; post cubital space scarcely broader than costal, but about 
twice as wide as the cubital area; costals and gradates, and a few 
other cross veins more or less plainly black; inner gradates extended 
basally; only three or four free intermediates. Navas described it 
from Yunnan. 


188 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM YOu, 88 
CHRYSOPIDIA FUSCATA Navas 


PLATE 27, Fieure 10 


Very similar to regulata, but the pronotum is slenderer and nar- 
rowed in front; the inner gradates are not extended basally and not 
parallel to other rows; there may be six gradates in the middle row; 
the divisory cell small; the costal area broader than in regulata; on 
the outer side of the basal joint of the antennae is a more or less dis- 
tinct reddish mark; eight or nine cubitals beyond the divisory cell; 
stigmal area with many cross veins in the costal space, five or six 
in the subcostal; palpi partly dark; six or seven free intermediates. 

One from Chengtu, December 21, 1,700 feet; one from Beh Luh 
Din, July 23, 6,000 feet; and one from Mount Omei, July 10-15, 
4,000-6,000 feet. The last specimen has a reddish mark across each 
side of face, the divisory ends at the cross vein. 


Genus CHRYSOPA Leach 


The species of Chrysopa from western China known to me are 
separable as follows: 


ft, Avdarkrspot underieachantenna==2 == se A SE Pe ed eae 2 
Notdarkspotunder each antenna =_2s 222s ieee 6 
2. These spots connected up to those on vertex to form an X-------~- furcifera 
These spots not so connected == —_-_=—_- = ee 3 
3. Two spots on vertex and one between antennae__---------------_-------- 4 
No spots on vertex__------.---_--_~-------------------~------—-----=-- 3 
4. Most costal eross veins dark; stigmal costal area not cross- 
SVG ETN hae ke ee ae ae ee ee eee bicristata 
Only a few costals near base dark; stigma] costal area with cross 
BUEN Sepa se 8 A eet eI ee Pe kreyembergi 


. A spot below outer side of each antenna, one on each cheek, and 
one each side on clypeus, thus three spots close together on 


On 


each sidevoLtace apa lpipakchye Gates sa eee ee nee ee a eee illota 
A spot below each antenna, and one on each side of the clypeus, 
none on cheeks; palpi pale; stigma veined_______________~______ cognata 


6. In forewing a dark spot covering the end branches of anal 

vein; palpi pale, no marks on head; stigmal costal area 
SUT EC re ae EI ID Cp RR a oe a ( 
INGOT SICH SpOt moray LOL CWA Wiese ee ee ae ee 8 

. Some costal cross veins near base are partly black; few costal 

cells three times as long as broad; hairs on veins moderately 


=] 


DT oe ase i a TN a chione 

Costal cross veins wholly green, very numerous, and many cells 
fully four times as long as broad; hairs on veins very long------ grahami 

8. Branches of anal vein partly dark; divisory veinlet ends beyond 
CLOSS .veinisa) dark Spot ontcheek: 222s 9 
Branches of anals pale, divisory rarely ends beyond cross vein_--------- 10 

9. Palpi pale; stigmal costal area not veined; sides of pronotum 
SUVA OTE OCS ene a kiansuensis 


Palpi dark; stigmal costal area with many cross veins; sides of 
TOE GOTO BUM CC LS nes ce a ee ee ee ee alethes 


NEUROPTEROID INSECTS FROM SZECHWAN—BANKS 189 


10. No spots on face; veins wholly pale, palpi pale-____---~~------~-~_~- carnea 
A dark spot on each cheek, and often on sides of clypens_-_-_----------- 11 
11. Divisory ends at or before cross vein; gradates in each row 
widelyascparated) palpi pattly, Gabke= sa a= aaa eee ee sinica 
Divisory ends much beyond cross vein; gradates less separated 
from each, Others. 222. ee TAS tk ee ee eee Se fratercula 


CHRYSOPA GRAHAMI, new species 


PLATE 27, FIGURES 7, 13 


Head and body pale, unmarked, antennae and palpi pale; wings 
with greenish venation; stigma rather dark, long, the costal part 
broad and with many cross veins, subcostal part with two or three 
cross veins; inner gradates dark; a black spot over the ends of the first 
anal vein and its connection to the cubitus; in hindwings all veins 
pale, but the inner gradates may be a little darker. 

Wings broad, apex of hind pair acute, hairs on veins very long. 
Forewing with the divisory veinlet ending beyond the cross vein, 
eight or nine cubitals beyond it; inner gradates point toward the 
stigma, not extended basally, outer gradates parallel to outer margin, 
about 10 in each row, and in the row rather close to each other; radial 
sector moderately curved; costal space at widest almost equal to the 
postcubital area, latter from two and a half to three times as broad as 
the cubital area; the costals are very numerous, fully 30 before the 
stigma, and many of the cells are more than four times as long as 
broad; about 16 radial cross veins. In hindwing the gradates are 
about eight in each row, not parallel; the triangle between radial sec- 
tor and median vein near base is larger than usual. 

Forewing, 19 to 20 mm. long; 7 to 7.5 mm. wide. 

Three specimens from near Washan, Szechwan, July 26, 6,000 feet. 
Holotype, U.S. N. M. No. 53148. Paratypesin U.S. N.M.and M.C. Z. 


CHRYSOPA CHIONE, new species 


PLATE 27, FIGURE 12 


Similar to C. grahami, not quite so large, but with the same black 
spot over the anals as in that species, also there are no marks on head 
or body, and antennae and palpi are pale; the stigma is also like that 
species, and the divisory veinlet, and eight or nine cubitals beyond as 
in grahami, 

The forewings have the costal area much less broad and the costals 
fewer, so that no costal cell is over three times as broad as long, and 
6 to 10 of the costals toward base of the wing are partly black on outer 
half; the inner gradates are dark, also sometimes the base of the radial 
sector, otherwise the veins are pale. 

In hindwing all the veins are pale, except sometimes the costals are 
partly dark. In the forewing the post cubital area is about two to two 
and a half times as broad as the cubital area. 

185645—39 


2 
Oo 


190 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88 


Forewings, 15 to 17 mm. long; 5.5 to 6.3 mm. wide. 

From Beh Luh Din, July 27-31, 6,000 feet (holotype), and Mount 
Omei, July, 11,000 feet, both Szechwan. Probably similar to C. dasy- 
phlebia McLachlan, but that species has no black spots. Holotype, 
U.S. N. M. No. 53149. Paratype in M. C. Z. 


CHRYSOPA FRATERCULA, new species 


Head pale, a dark mark under each eye, and one on lateral edge 
of clypeus; palpi lightly marked with dark lines; antennae pale; 
thorax, legs, and abdomen pale. Forewings with pale greenish vena- 
tion, the gradates dark, many other cross veins dark at one end, the 
costals at the subcosta, the radials at each end, the branches of radial 
sector at the sector, and a few other cross veins toward base are partly 
or wholly dark; stigma not very distinct. In hindwings some of 
the costals and radials dark at one end, and the gradates partly or 
wholly dark. 

Wings of moderate width, acute at tip of hind pair, hairs rather 
short. 

In forewing the divisory ends beyond the cross vein, six cubitals 
beyond it; postcubital area not twice as broad as the cubital, but about 
as broad as the costal area; stigmal costal area without cross veins, 
about four in subcostal part; gradates about seven in inner and 
eight in outer row, parallel, in each row each veinlet is well separated 
from the next (but not nearly so much so as in @. sinica.) In hind- 
wing five gradates in inner row and seven in outer, rows parallel; the 
triangle between the radial sector and the median is of moderate size. 

Length of forewing, 138 mm.; width, 4.5 mm. 

One from Shin Kai Si, Mount Omei, July 1-17. Holotype, 
U.S. N. M. No. 53150. 

Probably related to C. sinica, but in that species the gradates are 
fewer and more separated from one another, the divisory ends before 
the cross vein, the palpi more dark, the pronotum less long, and often 
reddish marks on head and thorax. 


CHRYSOPA KIANSUENSIS Navas 


Specimens from Chengtu, 1,700 feet, May 1, May 25, July 13; Shin 
Kai Si, Mount Omei 6,000 feet and 11,000 feet; Hong Chuen Pin, 
Mount Omei, August 27, 5,500 feet. One from Chengtu is the size 
of type and has five gradates in each row, but most of the others are 
somewhat larger and have one or two more veinlets in each gradate 
series. There are seven cubitals beyond the divisory veinlet, the 
postcubital area is hardly one fourth broader than the cubital area; 
the stigmal costal area is without cross vein, but with two to four 
in the subcostal part. 


NEUROPTEROID INSECTS FROM SZECHWAN—BANKS 191 


CHRYSOPA ALETHES, new species 
PLATE 27, Ficure 15 


Head pale yellowish, a dark mark on cheek, and lateral edge of 
clypeus dark; antennae pale; palpi largely black. Thorax pale, pro- 
notum, with a reddish stripe on each lateral margin; legs pale. Fore- 
wings with partly pale venation, but about ten or more costals 
wholly black, the radials partly dark, gradates and the anal branches 
dark, and also several cross veins in basal part of wing. In hind- 
wings the costals on basal half of wing are dark, the gradates more 
or less dark, a few radials are partly darkened. 

Wings of moderate width, tips subacute; hairs of moderate 
length. 

In forewings the divisory veinlet ends beyond the cross vein, seven 
cubitals beyond it; the postcubital space not twice as broad as the 
cubital, but a little broader than the costal area, no costal cell three 
times as long as broad; about 12 radials; gradates about seven in 
each row, rows nearly parallel, the inner row extended basally for 
one or two cells. In the costal area of the stigma are a few cross 
veins, and in the subcostal part about four cross veins. 

In hindwings are four inner gradates and six in outer row, the 
rows about parallel; the triangle between radial sector and median 
vein is rather small. 

Pronotum broader than long, obliquely narrowed each side in 
front. 

Length of forewing, 12 mm., width, 4.5 mm. 

From Taichow, May 15 (holotype), and Chengtu, May 1. By 
the numerous black cross veins it resembles C. kiansuensis, but the 
palpi in that species are wholly pale. Holotype, U.S.N.M. No. 
53151. Paratype in M.C.Z. 


CHRYSOPA ILLOTA Navas 


PLATE 29, F1iaurEe 48 


Head pale, face with three subequal dark spots each side, one 
below outer edge of the antenna, one below eye, and one at end of 
the clypeus; palpi dark, antennae pale, pronotum with anterior corner 
somewhat reddish. Forewing with costals wholly, the gradates 
faintly, anal branches, base of radial sector, first intermediate, and 
the divisory black; radials dark at upper end. 

About 12 inner gradates and 7 or 8 outer, in each row they are 
rather widely separated, the two rows eee except the basal 
extension of inner row. 

Divisory ends beyond the cross vein, eight cubitals beyond; radial 
sector but little curved; post cubital area once and a half as broad 
as the cubital area. 


192 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you. 88 


In hindwings the costals mostly dark, and also the upper ends of 
the radials. It was described from eastern China. 

Two specimens from Suifu, 2,000 feet, and Songpan, July 11, 8,000 
to 9,500 feet. 


CHRYSOPA SINICA Tjeder 


PLATE 27, FIGURE 11 


Extremely common; Suifu, February, March; Beh Luh Din, April; 
Kuanshien, April, November; Chengtu, March, April, May; O-Er, 
near Li Fan, August, and Doug Men Wai, all in Szechwan. 

I think this is probably the same as C.. hojfmanni Petersen. 

The postcubital area is about twice as broad as the cubital area; 
six cubitals beyond the divisory; stigmal costal area without veins, 
and behind in the subcostal area two to four cross veins. 

Some specimens are much marked with reddish like the American 
C. interrupta, and since many specimens were taken early in spring 
I presume that it hibernates as adult, as does (C. interrupta. 


CHRYSOPA KREYEMBERGI Navas 


One from Weichow, 65 miles north of Chengtu, August 1, 5,500 
feet. The head marks are very similar to bicristata, but the costals 
are mostly pale, only a few near base are darkened, and the costal 
stigmal area has cross veins; the divisory cell is larger than in 
becristata. 


CHRYSOPA BICRISTATA Tijeder 


PLATE 27, FIGURE 14 


This is figured by Tjeder from Kansu as well as Szechwan. There 
are specimens from Beh Luh Din, July 28, 6,000 feet; near Yen Tong 
Shien, August 2, 1,300 to 1,600 feet; Ma Si Geo, August 17, 5,000 
feet; Wen Chuan Shien, 30 miles northwest of Kuanshien, August 
26, 5,000 feet; Doug Men Wai, August 18 (all Szechwan); and Yin 
Kuan Tsai, Tibet, July 22, 13,000 feet. 

The costal stigmal area is not veined; six cubitals beyond divisory. 
It also occurs in Shantung and has been identified by Petersen as 
bipunctata Burmeister, described from Japan, but Burmeister men- 
tions only the dark spots below antennae, none on vertex or cheeks. 


CHRYSOPA COGNATA McLachlan 
PLATE 27, FIGURE 16 


There are about 20 specimens of this widespread species: Suifu, 
April 24; Shin Kai Si, Mount Omei, August 17-25, 4,500 feet; La Ka 


NEUROPTEROID INSECTS FROM SZECHWAN—BANKS 193 


Pin, Mount Omei, August, 6,000 feet; Mount Omei, September 24; 
Chengtu, September 1 (all Szechwan); and Kiating, China. C. 
ricciana Navas is a synonym. 

There are seven and sometimes eight cubitals beyond the divisory ; 
the stigma has cross veins in the costal area; postcubital area not 
twice as broad as cubital; inner gradates usually extended basally, 
the rows parallel and parallel to hind margin. In one specimen the 
third cubital cell is divided longitudinally as in Nothochrysa. 


Family OSMYLIDAE 


Genus OSMYLUS Latreille 
OSMYLUS PUNCTIPENNIS Walker 


One from between Fu Yao Lin Pass and Da Siang Pass, Szechwan, 
600 feet. 

This agrees well with a specimen from northeast India taken by 
Thorey in 1865 but is a little larger (forewing 28 mm. long), but 
venation and the small dark dots are the same. It was described 
from North India; Dictyosmylus lunatus Navas, from the Hima- 
layas, is the same. 


Genus SPILOSMYLUS Kolbe 
SPILOSMYLUS OBERTHURINUS Navas 


Three females, one from Chin Chi Shien, west of Yachow, July 10, 
5,500 feet; one from Shin Kai Si, Mount Omei, July, 4,400 feet; and 
one from Beh Luh Din, 30 miles north of Chengtu, July 25, 6,000 
feet. Described from Yunnan. 


SPILOSMYLUS EPIPHANES Navas 


One from Szechwan (no definite locality). 


Family MYRMELEONIDAE 


Genus DENDROLEON Brauer 
DENDROLEON INSOLITA, new species 


Head pale, a broad black interantennal band from eye to eye, ver- 
tex in front with transverse dark bands each side, not reaching eyes, 
and above on each side two dark transverse areas widest near middle, 
and bordered with pale, the posterior one connected to a short lon- 
gitudinal dark spot, also bordered with pale; pronotum pale, three 
narrow black stripes, the lateral ones halfway to margin; meso- and 
metanotum broadly dark through middle and each side with two 
dark lines; pleura pale, with a black stripe. Abdomen pale above, 
dark on sides and at ends of joints; venter pale, darker at tips of 


194 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM yOL, 88 


joints; legs pale, first femora mostly black above, tibia also with 
dark stripe above, apical half of tarsus dark; hind femora mostly 
dark, but a pale stripe each side. 

Wings pale, no large marks, nor any distinct stripes as in D. 
floridus,; veins mostly dark, subcosta with numerous short pale spots, 
radius with much fewer but longer pale streaks, other longitudinal 
veins pale in streaks, many cross veins partly or wholly dark, but 
some, especially toward tip, are white; in forewings a dark dot at 
end of anal, one on hind margin two-thirds way out to anal dot, 
another at rhegma, and one over last radial cross vein before stigma, 
latter indistinct; many of outer forkings are more or less dark; the 
fork of medius is jet black. Hindwings without these dark spots, but 
the veins more or less marked with dark. 

Wings a little slenderer than in D. floridus, the tips slightly falcate ; 
the costal area not so broad as in D. floridus, more like D. pantherinus. 
Three cross veins before radial sector in forewing, eleven branches to 
radial sector, the cubital fork runs down nearer to margin than usual, 
the outcurving vein from end of cubital fork is not so long as in 
floridus, only three connections to the cubitus and these not crossed, 
the first branch of cubitus beyond the cubital fork is much farther 
from the next than in floridus, about nine cubital cross veins before 
cubital fork and none of them crossed. 

In hindwing but one cross vein before radial sector 11 branches to 
radial sector, the first farther basad than in flortdus. Pronotum 
moderately slender; tibial spurs longer than the long basal joint of 
tarsus; hair on pronotum, legs, and most of that on abdomen black. 

Length of forewing, 35 mm.; width, 9.5 mm. 

One from Doug Men Wai, 10 miles west of Weichow, July 21, 5,600 
to 8,500 feet, Szechwan. Holotype, U.S. N. M. No. 53152. 

This looks like a narrow-winged, unmarked PD. jloridus, but besides 
the head and pronotal marks there are various differences in venation 
near cubital fork. 


DENDROLEON FLORIDUS Navas 
From Shin Kai Si, Mount Omei, August, 3,000-5,000 feet, Szech- 
wan. D. parabolicus Navas is a synonym. D. floridus was described 
as a Glenurus. 
Genus EPICANTHACLISIS Okamoto 
EPICANTHACLISIS CONTINENTALIS Petersen 


From O-Er, 26 miles north of Li Fan, 9,000 feet; and Beh Luh Din, 
August 24, 6,000 feet, Szechwan. 


NEUROPTEROID INSECTS FROM SZECHWAN—BANKS 195 


Genus EUROLEON Navas 
EUROLEON ALIENUS Navas 


From Doug Men Wei, 10 miles west of Weichow, August 18-22, 
July 29, 5,600 feet; and O-Er, 26 miles north of Li Fan, 9,000 feet; 
both Szechwan. 


INDOPHANES, new genus 


Belongs to the Glenurini; wings much as in Paraglenurus (Gle- 
nuroides). In forewings the second anal vein runs up close to first, 
then bends down at an angle to unite to the third; radial sector 
arises much beyond the cubital fork, about 8 to 10 cross veins before 
the radial sector; costal cross veins simple, a few beyond middle 
forked. In hindwings the radial sector arises much before cubital 
fork, one cross vein before it. Pronotum moderately long; antennae 
not especially long; legs long and slender, tarsus with basal and apical 
joints about equally long, spurs long, but equal to only two joints, last 
tarsal joint not recurved, with many spines below, claws but little 
more than one half of last joint. 

Type, Myrmeleon barbarus Walker. 

Includes also Uf. infestus Walker and M/. audax Walker, and the 
new species below. 

The genus is separated from the other Oriental Glenurini as indi- 
cated in the following table: 


1. Last tarsal joint recurved, densely clothed below with spreading 


spines; claws nearly as long as the last tarsal joint_____-__ Paraglenurus 
Last tarsal joint nearly straight, not so densely spined, claws 
ShHoOLtersshe sais ete Aer en ne) Sve os be Beet Ro os 2 


2. More than 12 branches to radius beyond union with subcosta; 
many costal cells four or five times as long as broad; bristles 

on hind femora but little longer than width of joint-___-_-__-_-__________ 2 
Less than 12 branches to radius beyond union with subcosta; 
few costal cells (except near stigma) more than three times as 


long ‘as broads... 2. Se eee ee Bs 2K ele he oe 4 
3. Outer fourth of costal area before stigma with two rows of cells; 
forewings! noteraleate at ships+ = a= ee ee eee Delgadus 
Only a few costals, if any, before stigma divided; forewings 
pL eR ye AN aes a a we ee Indoleon 
4. Spurs equal to four tarsal joints; hind femora and tibiae heavily 
spined, lower inner and outer rows of spines_-__---__-_-_______ EHophanes 
Spurs equal only about two joints; mid and hind femora only 
wealiliy. SING Gs 5 sooo a ae Se es Indophanes 


Negrokus Navas, 1930, apparently goes in this tribe; it is said to 
lack spurs. 


196 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou, 88 


INDOPHANES SINENSIS, new species 


Head with a black interantennal mark, vertex with dark patch 
each side; antennae not reaching end of thorax, brown, tips of joints 
narrowly pale, and a broad pale area over several joints at the begin- 
ning of the clavate tip. Pronotum with four black stripes, middle 
pair well separated and complete, laterals ending at the furrow; rest 
of thorax above mostly black, some pale on anterior lobe, a short, pale 
stripe each side on mesonotum, and the hind margins of scutelli pale; 
pleura mostly dark. Abdomen dark; tip of first segment pale, second 
and third segments with a median pale spot before the middle, and 
the tips narrowly pale; other segments narrowly pale at tip; hair 
short and black, except in pale areas. 

Legs slender, pale, femora and tibiae rather minutely dotted, and 
with black bands at tips, tibiae also with a dark mark near base, and 
hind tibiae with two dark lines, one on anterior side, other on outer 
side; tarsal joints dark at tips. 

Wings hyaline; veins mostly dark, and the longitudinal veins in- 
terrupted with pale; stigma pale, rhegma with an oblique dark streak, 
and before it are some wholly white cross veins; an oblique dark line 
up from end of cubital fork; im hind wings stigma pale, and a dark 
spot at rhegma; in both wings a few outer cross veins are margined 
with dark, and beyond rhegma the outer marginal veins dark, but no 
distinct cloud. 

Pronotum a trifle longer than broad, not so slender as in barbara but 
fully as long as in audax, Forewings slightly more acute than dar- 
bara, hindwings no longer than forewings, and acute at tip; in fore- 
wings about eight cross veins before radial sector, none crossed, nine or 
ten branches of radia! sector; before the cubital fork no cross veins 
connected; one cross vein from second anal back to first at the union of 
second and third, third anal forked, or so united the fork may appear 
from second anal. 

Forewing length, 32 mm.; width, 9 mm. 

From Szechwan (no definite locality), China (Graham). Holotype, 
U.S.N.M. No. 53153. Paratypes in U.S.N.M. and M.C.Z. 


Family RHYACOPHILIDAE 


Genus RHYACOPHILA Pictet 


RHYACOPHILA SINENSIS Martynoy 


From Wei Chow, August 10, 7,000-12,500 feet, and O-Er, 6 miles 
north of Li Fan, August 16, 10,800 feet, both Szechwan. This species 
is very close to 2. hobsoni from Tibet. In sinensis the second joint of 
the lower appendages is shorter and the lower branch no longer. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


SSS 


PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 88 PL. 27 


poe 


_ Psilotreta chinensis, new species: Forewing. (See also figs. 67, 68, 70.) 
. Togoperla graham1, new species: 2, Genitalia; 5, genital process from side. 
. Nogiperla chiang1, new species: 3, Ventral plate; 8, male venter; 9, cercus from 


side and above. 


_ Marthamea armata, new species: 4, Genital process from side; 6, tip of fifth 


dorsal segment. 


. Chrysopa grahami, new species: 7, Forewing; 13, part of hindwing. 
. Chrysopidia fuscata Navas: Forewing. 

. Chrysopa sinica Tjeder: Part of hindwing. 

. Chrysopa chione, new species: Part of forewing. 

. Chrysopa bicristata Vjeder: Part of hindwing. 

. Chrysopa alethes, new species: Part of forewing. 

. Chrysopa cognata McLachlan: Part of hindwing. 

. Chrysopidia regulata Navas: Part of hindwing. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 88 PL. 28 


18, 19. 


20. 
O22: 


23, 24. 
25, 29. 


26, 28. 
27, 30. 
31. 
303 
33. 


Stenopsyche moselyi, new species: 18, Genitalia from above, titillator from side 
and below; 19, genitalia from side, lower appendages from below. 

Stenopsyche martynov1, new species: Genitalia, side and above; titillator, below. 

Stenopsyche pjasetzkyt Martynov: 21, Genitalia from side; 22, genitalia from 
above, titillator from below, lower appendages from below. 

Stenopsyche navasi Ulmer: 23, Genitalia from above, lower appendages from 
below; 24, genitalia from side. 

Hemerobius bispinus, new species: 25, Male appendage from side; 29, tip of 
upper appendage from above. 

Neuronema laminata Tjeder: 26, Inner appendage from side; 28, genitalia, side. 

Neuronema similis, new species: 27, Last ventral segment; 30, genitalia from side. 

Pseudostenophylax minimus, new species: Median teeth. (See also fig. 36.) 

Allemerobius Haveolus, new genus and species: Part of forewing. 

Hemerobius chianzi, new species: Genitalia from side and above. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 88 PL. 29 


34, 41, 43. 


35, 39: 
36. 


3753105 51s 


40. 
42, 45. 
44, 46. 
47, 
48. 
49, 50. 


52. 
33 


Pseudostenophylax brevis, new species: 34, Tip of female from above; 41, lower 
appendages; 43, median teeth and genitalia from side. 

Pseudostenophylax amplus (McLachlan): 35, Male, behind; 39, genitalia, side. 

Pseudostenophylax minimus, new species: Lower appendages and genitalia from 
side. (See also fig. 31.) 

Pseudostenophylax (Trichophylax) monticola, new species: 37, Lower appendages; 
38, inner appendages and genitalia from side; 51, female from side. 

Platyphylax rubescens Martynov: Male from behind and side. 

Pseudostenophylax mimicus, new species: 42, From behind; 45, tip of male, above. 

Philopotamus sinensis, new species: 44, Genitalia from side; 46, genitalia, above. 

Pseudostenophylax amplus (McLachlan): Female from above. 

Chrysopa illota Navas: Side of head. 

Psilopterna sinensis, new species: 49, Male from behind, from side, front tarsus, 
and tip of female from above; 50, part of forewing. 

Sialis sinensis, new species: Tip of abdomen from side. 

Halesinus fenestratus, new species: Female from side. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 88 PL. 30 


63. 
64. 
67, 68, 70. 
69, 


ale 


. Himalopsyche navasi, new genus and species: 54, Forewing; 55, genitalia from 


side and above. 


. Himalopsyche (Himalophanes) anomala, new subgenus and species: 56, Genitalia 


from side, tip of female from above; 60, ovipositor. 


. Himalopsyche martynovt, new species: 57, Superior plate; 58, genitalia from side. 
. Himalopsyche hageni, new species: Genitalia from above and side. 
. Himalopsyche alticola, new species: Genitalia from side. 


62, 65, 66. 


Glossosoma aequalis, new species: 62, Anal area of forewing and discal cell; 65, 
ventral process and superior plate; 66, genitalia from side. 

Glossosoma anale Martynov: Ventral process. 

Himalopsyche lachlani, new species: Genitalia from above, side, and below. 

Psilotreta chinensis, new species: 67, Genitalia from side; 68, genitalia from 
above and tip of penis; 70, lower appendages. (See also fig. 1.) 

Hydropsyche grahami, new species: Clasper, penis from side and above, and 
superior plate from above. 

Evanophanes insignis, new genus and species: Head from above and maxillary 
palpus. 


NEUROPTEROID INSECTS FROM SZECHWAN—BANKS 197 


RHYACOPHILA GRAHAMI, new species 


Body brown to black, tip of abdomen yellowish; basal joint of an- 
tenna dark, beyond pale; legs mostly pale, but tibiae broadly dark at 
tips of front and mid pairs, mid and hind tarsi dark. 

Forewings dark brown, with scattered small pale spots, mostly along 
each side of the veins, some in the costal area, from cubitus to second 
anal darker; the anal area mostly pale, with some brown spots, espe- 
cially toward its tip; there are two large pale areas reaching forward 
from the anal area almost to the cubitus; the first one (before middle) is 
narrow and its apex sometimes a separated spot, the second one (near 
tip) is much broader and reaches the cubitus in two spots a little 
before the base of fork five. Hindwings gray, darker in stigmal area. 
Legs slender, spurs quite long, spurs and weak spines are yellowish. 

In forewing fork one is a little before two, forking of the medius 
just about opposite that of radial sector, forks three and four both 
with long pedicel. In hindwing fork one is beyond fork two. The 
female has a short, tapering ovipositor. 

Length of forewing, 13 mm.; width, 4.2 mm. 

From Yellow Dragon Temple, Songpan, 12,000 to 14,000 feet. 

The large pale spots will readily separate it. Holotype, U.S.N.M. 
No, 43154. Paratype in M.C.Z. 


HIMALOPSYCHE, new genus 


In nearly all respects like Rhyacophila; it is at once separated 
therefrom by the presence of a broad wart on the metacutellum. This 
wart is often more or less plainly divided, and bears long hairs. 
There is no ventral process to the abdomen, and the wings, both fore 
and hind, show a stigmal vein, a branch of the radius or of the 
subcosta and usually connected to both. Al! are large species, with 
more or less pointed wings. 

Genotype, Phyacophila tibetana Martynov. 

It includes also R. carletonit Banks, R. auricularis Martynov, and 
doubtless maculipennis, lanceolata, gigantea, japonica, and all the 
very large Asian species and the several new species below. 


HIMALOPSYCHE HAGENI, new species 


PLATE 30, Figure 59 


Head dark, some pale hair in front, that on vertex black; palpi 
dark brown; antennae dark on the basal joint, beyond pale, faintly 
annulate. Thorax dark brown on the sides above, more reddish 
through the middle, bristles from the strips pale; abdomen dark 
above, tips of segments pale, pale beneath. Legs pale, front femora 


198 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 88 


darker, front and mid tibiae with dark marks near the middle and 
before the tip. Forewing mostly brown, with many small pale spots, 
mostly on or near costal area before stigma, along veins, and an 
oblique area across the apical cells, a white spot on margin in each 
apical cell; behind toward base are two larger pale areas, sometimes 
connected, both somewhat triangular, mostly behind the anal vein, 
but the outer one reaching forward to the cubitus; there is much black 
hair along cubitus and anal veins. Hindwings faintly gray, marked 
with brown toward tip, especially in front. 

Venation much as in other species, fork one plainly before fork 
two in forewing, not in hindwing; outer margin of wing hardly 
convex. Male genitalia similar to R. maculipennis Ulmer; but the 
intermediate appendages are much shorter, the superior median 
process more heavy, the inferior appendages broader, not widened 
before tip, and the penis shows two teeth below. 

Forewings, 20 mm. long; 6 mm. wide (Ulmer gives no size to 
R. maculipennis), other specimens 15 to 22 mm. 

From 9 miles southwest of Tatsienlu, June 23-27, 8,500 to 18,000 
feet (Holotypes) ; Wenchuan, November, December; Wa Si Geo, 
August 18, 6,000 feet; Hai Tsi Ping, near Tatsienlu, August 5, 18,000 
feet; Jedo, near Tatsienlu, August 16; Chiang Ku, July 12-15, in 
Szechwan. 

Holotype, U.S.N.M. No. 53155. Paratypes in U.S.N.M. and M.C.Z. 

The male genitalia are very similar to those of 2. maculipennis 
Ulmer from Kuku-nor, but the lower appendages are evidently 
heavier in H. hageni, the superior median piece broader at base; and 
in the description of forewings there is no mention of the large pale 
spots in anal area, and the ground color is evidently pale, while in 
hageni the membrane is largely dark except for pale spots. 


HIMALOPSYCHE LACHLANI, new species 
PLATE 30, Fieure 64 


Head dark, hair mostly black; palpi dark, basal joint of antennae 
dark, beyond pale brown, tips of joints narrowly pale; thorax above 
dull reddish brown, sides hardly darker, bristles from strips and 
those above wing base black. Abdomen dull reddish brown, tip and 
venter paler. Legs pale, front and mid tibiae mostly dark, but a 
narrow pale band a little before the tip. 

Forewings brown, densely and rather evenly sprinkled with pale 
spots, the brown with short golden hair, the pale spots with white 
hair; much black hair near cubitus and anal veins. The pale spots 
most numerous along veins, many in costal area, one on margin 
in each apical cell, no larger pale areas. Hindwings gray, slightly 
marked with brown in apical area in front, and along outer margin 
are a few faint pale spots. 


NEUROPTEROID INSECTS FROM SZECHWAN—BANKS 199 


Venation much as in others; fork one plainly before fork two in 
forewings, not in the hindwings; stigmal vein a branch from the 
radius, but in hindwings with an oblique connection from base to the 
subcosta. 

Male genitalia rather short; above is a slender, pointed, median 
piece, widened and tricarinate at base, intermediate appendages 
slender, more than one halfway to tip of median piece, and with 
recurved bristles near tip; lateral appendages strongly spatulate, 
lower pieces broad and with an upturned tip; both from above and 
below is seen a little black spine each side near the base. 

Forewing, 21 mm. long; 6.5 mm. wide. 

From Yu Long Si, 15,600 feet, August 14, Tibet (holotype) ; Chung 
Ku, July 12-15, 11,000 feet; and Hai Tsi Ping, near Tatsienlu, August 
5, 18,000 feet, Szechwan. Holotype, U.S.N.M. No. 53156. Paratype 
in U.S.N.M. and M.C.Z. 


HIMALOPSYCHE AURICULARIS (Martynov) 


Two females from U Long Kong, near Tatsienlu, July 25, 10,000 
to 15,000 feet. The type (a male) was from Tatsienlu, with expanse 
of 52 mm. One of the females is about 53 mm., the other 50 mm. 
The female differs from H. martynovi in that the ventral piece is a 
long, slender horn. 


HIMALOPSYCHE MARTYNOVI, new species 


Puate 30, FicureEs 57, 58 


Head and palpi pale rufous, hair on front yellowish, on vertex 
black; antennae pale brownish yellow, basal joint darker, tips of 
joints beyond also dark; thorax above dull rufous, darker on sides 
of mesonotum, hair pale, except that above wing base which is black; 
abdomen dull brownish, tip and venter paler; legs pale, front and mid 
tibiae with broad black bands above at middle and at tip, these tarsi 
dark at tips of the joints. 

Wings pale, nearly hyaline, densely irrorate with pale brown, spots 
most noticeable in costal area, and along the veins, between veins 
faint and minute irrorations; stigma dark; along cubitus and anal 
veins much black hair, and an oblique line of black hair from hind 
base of wing obliquely up to base of cubitus; a hyaline spot on 
thyridium. 

Hindwings pale gray, stigma darker. In forewings forks one and 
two are about equal, in hindwing fork one much beyond fork two. 

Male genitalia has a slender reddish median plate ending in two 
long lobes, and with a median groove from near base to near tip, each 
side the lateral appendages have erect hair; seen from side the lateral 
appendages are very broad, deeply divided, the upper part much the 


200 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou, 88 


smaller and shorter and ends in a down-curved swollen lobe, the 
lower part is somewhat ligulate and tapers to a sharp tip; lower 
appendages very long and slender, the apical part short and slightly 
upturned. 

Forewing, 21.5 mm. long; 7 mm. wide. 

From near Tan Gu, 14,000 feet, August 3-6, Tibet. Holotype, 
U.S.N.M. No. 53157. 

A female from O-Er, 26 miles north of Li Fan, August 16, 10,800 
feet, Szechwan, may be the same species; it is scarcely differently 
marked, but fork three in fore and hind wing reaches to the cross 
vein, while in the type, as in all other species seen, fork three has a 
pedicel at least a fifth of the length of the fork. 


HIMALOPSYCHE ALTICOLA, new species 
PLATE 30, FicuRE 61 


This is closely related to H. martynovi in size, color, markings, 
shape, and venation of wings but differs in the male genitalia. Seen 
from above there is a long median projection ending in two lobes 
much as in martynovi; seen from side the broad plate is divided by 
a narrow incision on its outer edge, the upper part is broad, with an 
oblique outer edge, somewhat incurved, and very hairy, the lower 
part is also broad, its lower edge on the apical half is concave. The 
lower appendages are heavier than in H. martynovi, and the division 
is near the middle; they are also hairier than in martynovi. 

From Chagra Pass, July 18, 13,000 to 14,000 feet (holotype) ; 
Chung Ku, July 12-15, 11,000 feet; Jedo, near Tatsienlu, August 16, 
12,000 feet; Shin Kai Si, Mount Omei, August 6-7, 4,500 feet; 
Wenchuan, November, December; and no definite locality, July 9-12, 
6,000 to 18,500 feet, all Szechwan. 

Holotype, U.S.N.M. No. 53158. Paratypes in U.S.N.M. and M.C.Z. 


HIMALOPSYCHE NAVASI, new species 
PLATE 30, Fiaures 54, 55 


Head, palpi, and antennae pale yellowish, with white hair on head, 
vertex with a brown stripe each side near middle; antennae un- 
marked; mesonotum pale in middle, brown, on sides, hairs from the 
strips pale, and those above wing base also pale; metanotum obscure 
dull brownish; abdomen dark brown above, tip and venter paler; 
legs very pale, front and mid tibia not marked with dark. 

Forewings pale, marked with pale brown and some dark brown, a 
double pale-brown streak near the outer margin, a more or less defi- 
nite curved dark streak from tip of wing, close by the hyaline spot 
of thyridium, and thence to the anal veins; from the anal veins back 


NEUROPTEROID INSECTS FROM SZECHWAN—BANKS 201 


to base is a broad brown streak, and most of anal area brown; in 
these dark areas there are streaks or spots of black hair, three such 
along hind margin of radius, the first at origin of radial sector, a 
long one over base of posterior side of fork two; on the pale areas 
of membrane there is very short golden hair. 

Hind wings faintly yellowish, the stigma more plainly so, all 
clothed with fine yellow hairs, and the fringe also yellowish. 

In forewings fork one is plainly a little before fork two, in hind 
wings scarcely before, fork three in forewing has a long pedicel, 
nearly one-half as long as the fork. 

Male genitalia on the plan of H. japonica Morton, the lower ap- 
pendages very large, and with a curved pointed process below, which, 
seen from above, has its tip toothed. From above the superior plate 
is broad at base, tapering to the tip, but with rounded sides, plainly 
indented near middle, and each side is a long slightly curved prong, 
not curved and sinuate as in Morton’s figure 5 of H. japonica. 

Forewings 17 mm. long; 5 mm. wide. 

Male from Yim Na San, Kwantung, June 14 (Gressitt) (holo- 
type); a female, forewing 22 mm. long, from Chengtu, Szechwan 
(Graham). Holotype in M.C.Z. Allotype, U.S.N.M. No. 53159. 

This is the species that Ulmer treats in his “Fauna Sinica” as 
Rhyacophila japonica; the inferior appendages are very similar, but 
the superior parts are very different from Morton’s figure and 
description of the type. 


HIMALOPHANES, new subgenus 

This I treat as a subgenus of Himalopsyche, with which it agrees 
in general structure, including the hairs on metascutellum; the 
female, however, has a true ovipositor, so different from the others, 
and so much like certain Locustidae, that I think it should be sepa- 
rated at least subgenerically. What I consider the male has the 
genitalia rather different from the style of the others, the upper 
parts being extended caudally. 


HIMALOPSYCHE (HIMALOPHANES) ANOMALA, new species 
PLATE 30, FicuRES 56, 60 


Head pale dull rufous, with white hair, but black on posterior 
warts; palpi and antennae pale, latter on upper surface somewhat 
embrowned. Thorax dull rufous, darker on sides of mesonotum, 
bristles from the strips pale, those over wing base black; abdomen 
dull black above, tip and venter paler. Legs pale, front and middle 
tibiae above with dark mark at base, beyond middle, and at tip, tips 
of these tarsal joints dark. Forewings densely irrorate with brown 
spots, mostly near front and hind margins and along the veins, be- 
tween veins spots small or faint, several of the larger brown marks 


202 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou, 88 


tend to form oblique bands over the cubital and anal veins, two or 
three pale spots on margin of each apical cell. Hair on membrane 
partly black, partly yellowish. Hind wings grayish, stigma more 
yellowish, and some faint brown marks along outer margin. 

Forewings proportionally broader than in other species, venation 
much as in others, fork one in forewings hardly or a little before the 
second, in hindwings fork one beyond or almost equal to fork two, 
fork three of forewings with the usual short pedicel. 

The ovipositor is very long, narrowed, and a little down-curved 
near tip; its length is about twice the height of last abdominal 
segment; its two internal blades have a thickened dorsal edge, and 
end ina spine. It is not the gradually tapering ovipositor found in 
various Rhyacophila but looks much like those of certain Orthoptera, 
for example Udeopsylla. 

Length of forewing, 20 mm.; width, 8 mm. 

From 9 miles southwest of Tatsienlu, Szechwan, July 23-27, 8,500 
to 18,000 ft. (holotype) ; and near Washam, July, 4,000 to 6,000 feet. 
Holotype, U. S. N. M. No. 53160. Paratypes in U. S. N. M. and 
ECT: 

I have described these females on account of the remarkably 
orthopteroid ovipositor; they cannot be the females of any male of 
Himalopsyche that I have seen, and the females are described for 
several that I have not seen. 

A male from Chengtu, 1933, is probably the male of this species; 
the upper parts of the genitalia are greatly elongated, the tip of the 
middle appendage ending (seen from above) in two lobes, each with 
a small tooth, the lower appendages are long, widest toward tip, the 
apical section more than twice as long as the basal part. The general 
appearance, size, coloration, and venation agree with the females. 


Genus GLOSSOSOMA Curtis 
GLOSSOSOMA AEQUALIS, new species 
PLATE 30, FicurEes 62, 65, 66 


This is very similar to G. anale except in the male characters of 
wing and genitalia; in the anal area of forewings the swollen area 
is much shorter, scarcely halfway to end of the second anal vein, 
whereas in G. anale it is more than two-thirds the way to end. In 
G. anale the area is densely clothed with short, yellowish, scalelike 
hairs all over; in G. aequalis there are some yellowish hairs in basal 
half, not so scalelike, and beyond are few yellowish hairs but many 
short black bristles. 

Venation is much as in G. anale, but the discal cell has a short straight 
top, and there is a distinct connection back to the curve of the radius; 
cell two is broader at base than in G. anale, and the connection to 


NEUROPTEROID INSECTS FROM SZECHWAN—BANKS 203 


median vein is much before the base of the third cell. The male 
genitalia has the median ventral piece with a slenderer tip, from side 
the apical pieces are more pointed; the process of the seventh ventral 
segment is very broad, and shorter than in @. anale (fig. 63). 

Length of forewing, 8 mm. 

Several specimens from Beh Luh Din, 30 miles north of Chengtu, 
August 7-28, 6,000 feet (holotype) ; Wenchuan, November—December ; 
and Kuanshien, November 20. Holotype, U.S.N.M. No. 58161. Para- 
type in M.C.Z. 


GLOSSOSOMA CAUDATUM Martynov 


One male from Beh Luh Din, August 7, 6,000 feet, and one from 
Wenchuan, November. The anal area is extremely similar to that of 
G. malayanum Banks, but in the latter the median ventral piece is 
broad and has a long, slender tip. G. valvatwm Ulmer is also similar 
in anal area, but the superior pieces (seen from side) are quite differ- 
ent; it occurs in eastern China. 


GLOSSOSOMA ANALE Martynov 


PLATE 30, FIGURE 63 


Two from Shin Kai Si, Mount Omei, July. 
Family HY DROPSYCHIDAE 
Genus STENOPSYCHE McLachlan 


The species of Stenopsyche that are recorded below can be distin- 
guished by the following table: 


1. In hindwings the little cell at end of the united subcosta and 
radius is incomplete; in male the titillators are forked at tip 


onhave lateral projectionstilarger species === aaa ee ee eee 2 

In hindwings the little cell is complete; in male the titillators are 
neither forked nor havewlateral pprocessess 222 eee ee eee 3 

2. Male titillators have some lateral processes before tip; fore- 
wings rather long, rarely with large pale areas behind________-__ grahami 

Male titillators have the tip forked; wings broader, and usually 
with one or more large pale areas behind__________-__--___________ navasi 

8. The processes of the superior plate are rather close together at 
base, and curve downward, nearly parallel____________________ martynovi 

These processes are wide apart at base and do not curve down- 
Ward tnearlyeparallel see. 2s Naat ee eee ee se ea 4 

4, These processes are rather long and curve toward each other 
MOTUZOTICA Tyee = caer See eee ek canes en ees a ae Dk ae 3 stotzneri 


These processes do not curve toward each other, their tips far 


204 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM yoL. 88 


5. The slightly curved processes arise one each side near the base 
of the superior plate, which is very long, broad, and narrowed 


OVER TCE A ee le LL ne pe QL As cd laminata 
The nearly straight processes arise from outer corner of the 
broadly ‘truncateisuperior platessa) ee ee eee eee 6 


6. The processes are very short, more than twice the length apart, 
with very short tip, penis with two long spines below near tip__ pjasetzkyi 
The processes are fairly long with a long slightly curved tip-_______~ moselyi 


STENOPSYCHE NAVASI Ulmer 
PLATE 28, FIGURES 23, 24 


Many specimens, evidently the most common species: Beh Luh 
Din; Tatsienlu; Suifu; Wa-Li-Geo; near Washan; Mount Omei; near 
Kuanshien; Chin Chi Shien; near Moupin, July 22-24; Chung Ku, 
July 12-25, 11,000 feet (all Szechwan); and near Tang-Gu, Tibet. 


STENOPSYCHE GRAHAMI Martynov 


From Shin Kai Si, Mount Omei; Beh Luh Din; Li Ki Pin, Mount 
Omei; near Weichow; Kuanshien; Wen Chuan Shien; near Moupin, 
July 22-94, 

The females resemble those of S. navasz but generally have longer 
wings. 

STENOPSYCHE STOTZNERI Dohler 

Quite common; from Beh Luh Din; Chengtu; Jedo Pass; Kuan- 
shien; Yin Shien Wan; Wen Chuan Shien; Wa-Li-Geo; Shin Kai Si, 
Mount Omei; and near Moupin, July 22-24. Mostly in the northern 
part of Szechwan, described from Kuanshien. 


STENOPSYCHE LAMINATA Ulmer 


From Chengtu, Mount Omei; Shin Kai Si, Mount Omei, August 6; 
Kuanshien; and near Moupin, July 22-24. 
Forewings paler and less marked than the other species. 


STENOPSYCHE MARTYNOVI, new species 


PLATE 28, FIGURE 20 


About the size and general appearance of S. stotzneri; smaller and 
not so deeply marked as S. navast or S. grahami. Face with 
yellowish-gray hair below and a small tuft of black each side by the 
eye; above, between antennae, and on vertex with white hair. Palpi 
and antennae dull yellowish, latter annulate with brown at tips of 
the joints; thorax dull yellowish, prothorax, mesothorax in front and 

aeso and metathorax each side behind with rather long white hair. 
Abdomen dull yellowish brown, appendages paler. Legs pale, broad 
marks of black near base and just before tip of mid and fore tibiae, 
and one on these metatarsi, hindtibia of male nearly white. Fore- 


NEUROPTEROID INSECTS FROM SZECHWAN—BANKS 205 


wings pale brown, spotted and dotted with hyaline or whitish, hair 
mostly black and most noticeable near cubitus, much of anal area 
often pale and toward end of first anal, but the pale spots are mostly 
irregular and often clustered. Hindwings whitish, gray toward tip. 

Forewing about as slender and pointed as S. stotzneri, venation as 
in that species, in the hindwing the end of subcosta runs into the 
upper branch from discal cell (not in navast or in grahami). The 
male appendages are on the plan of St. stotzneri; but the upper 
appendages are longer, and the lateral appendages much longer, 
reaching beyond the middle of the upper appendages; the lower 
appendages are also much longer than in S. stotznert, and widened 
a little before tip. The titillators are longer, the tip enlarged much 
like a foot and bent outward (in stotzner2 simply with a recurved 
tip) ; on the superior plate the two curved spinelike processes are wide 
apart in stotznert and curve toward each other, but in martynovié 
they are close together at base and nearly parallel. 

Forewing 21 to 23 mm. long. 

From Yin Kuan Tsai, China-Tibet border, 18,000 to 15,000 feet, 
July 25 (about 15 males) (holotype); also from Yachow, August 28, 
and Yin Shiu Wan, July 22, both in Szechwan. Various females 
from these localities evidently belong to this species. Holotype, 
U.S.N.M. No. 53162. Paratypes in U.S.N.M. and M.C.Z. 


STENOPSYCHE MOSELYI, new species 
PLATE 28, F1GuRES 18, 19 


A small species, with numerous brown bars across the cells of the 
forewing, much as in S. laminata. 

Face dark; hair on vertex, pronotum, and thorax mostly snow- 
white, each side on pronotum and at base of forewings there is some 
black hair. Palpi brown; antennae pale, with an oblique dark ring 
at tip of each joint; legs pale, with the usual dark bands on front and 
mid pairs. Forewings with numerous crossbars of brown on a pale 
ground; in apical part mostly connected; behind are two large elon- 
gate dark spots, one just beyond the end of the anal cell, the other 
where the anal and cubitus approach each other (these marks not in 
S. laminata). Venation as in S. laminata, and in hindwing the 
little cell is complete where the subcosta and radius unite, just as in 
other small species. 

Male genitalia quite different from laméinata, and other forms; 
the superior appendages are very long, somewhat widened before 
middle; the superior plate is large, and notched in middle of apical 
margin, and from each side arises a process extending backward, 
with a curved, pointed tip and widened just before this curved part. 
The lower appendages are slender, not broadened at tip, and a little 


206 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL, 88 


curved; the penis is only a little broadened and with only small 
spines below tip; the titillators are fairly stout, with a sinuous curve 
before the swollen, pointed tip. 

Length of forewing, 21 to 23 mm.; width, 5 to 7 mm. 

From Suifu, Szechwan, 1,000 feet, November 5, several specimens. 
Holotype, U.S.N.M. No. 58163. Paratypes in U.S.N.M. and M.C.Z. 


STENOPSYCHE PJASETZKYI Martynov 
PLATE 28, FWicures 21, 22 


One male from near Suifu, June 15, 1,000 to 1,200 feet. 

A small species, forewings of this specimen 17 mm. long; forewings 
generally resemble those of S. daminata and 8. moselyi. The genitalia 
are on the plan of moselyi, but the lateral processes of the superior 
plate are very short and stubby; the titillators are very heavy toward 
base, and the tip is more strongly curved than in moselyi, the penis 
is fairly large, and near lower tip is a pair of rather long spines (not 
noticed in moselyi; the inferior appendages are not so long as in 
moselyt. 

In the hindwings the little cell at end of subcosta and radius is 
complete, as in other smal] species. Front and mid legs heavily 
banded with black on tibiae and tarsi. The eyes of male are large 
and crowd the antennae, proportionally larger than in moselyi, the 
antennae have the dark mark at tip of each joint so extended as to 
give the appearance of a spiral marking. It was described from 
Hanjang, Hupei Province, east of Szechwan. 

A female from Kuanshien is of the same size and appearance and 
may belong to this species. 

Three other species are recorded from Szechwan or from nearby 
districts. ‘These species are based on females; S. maxima Martynov 
from Szechwan is said to have an expanse of 65 mm.; the only one I 
have seen that is as large is S. graham, and quite possibly it is that 
species. 

S. cinerea Navas has forewings 21 mm. and S. tibetana Navas 25 
mm. The size would fit any of the four small species; Navas gives 
a figure of anal area of forewing with a mark I have not seen on any 
of my specimens; S. cinerea may be laminata, as the other species 
are too dark to be called “cinerea.” 


Genus POLYMORPHANISUS Walker 


POLYMORPHANISUS UNIPUNCTUS, new species 


Pale greenish or yellowish, antennae black beyond base, legs pale, 
unmarked, fringe of midlegs blackish, abdomen dull black, mesoscu- 
tellum with a large black spot in front part. Forewings rather 
broad, the discal cell is short, not one-half as long as the pedicel, fork 


NEUROPTEROID INSECTS FROM SZECHWAN—BANKS 207 


four goes back on discal cell about halfway to the cross vein, latter 
beyond the middle of the cell, cross vein between median fork and 
cubitus oblique, and fully three times its length before the median 
cell; in hindwings venation similar to P. nigricornis. 

Length of forewing, 25 mm. 


Two from Suifu, Szechwan, August. Holotype, U. S. N. M. No. 
53164. Paratype in M. C. Z. 


Genus AMPHIPSYCHE McLachlan 


AMPHIPSYCHE PROLUTA McLachlan 
One from Suifu, Szechwan, August; known from Siberia. 


Genus CHEUMATOPSYCHE Wallengren 
CHEUMATOPSYCHE species 


Two females, one from Shin Kai Si, Mount Omei, 4,400 feet, and 
the other from Beh Luh Din, July 28, 6,000 feet, have evenly brown- 
ish wings with yellowish hair, rather large, and may be new. 


CHEUMATOPSYCHE CHINENSIS form MACULIPENNIS Martynov 


One female from Suifu, August 1928, is probably this species; at 
least the markings of the forewings agree with the description. It 
was described from Tchang, Cham. 


Genus HYDROPSYCHE Pictet 
HYDROPSYCHE HEDENI Forsslund 


A large number of specimens from Suifu, August 1928, Szechwan, 
and without definite lecality but probably Suifu. It was described 
from northern Szechwan and southern Kansu. 


HYDROPSYCHE PENCILLATA Martynov 


Several from Kuanshien, April 5 to May 8, 3,000 feet; Beh Luh 
Din, August 22-27, 6,000 feet; Mount Omei, July; Chengtu and 
Suifu, August; near Tatsienlu, June. 


HYDROPSYCHE COLUMNATA Martynov 


A few from Beh Luh Din August 7, 6,000 feet; also from Szechwan 
(no definite locality) probably Suifu; Chengtu, July 3-5, 1,700 feet; 
and Tseo Jia Geo, south of Suifu, September, 1,400 to 2,000 feet. 


HYDROPSYCHE RHOMBOANA Martynov 


Two males from 30 miles north of Tatsienlu, July 5-9, 12,000 feet 
and Kuanshien; described from eastern Tibet. 


208 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 88 
HYDROPSYCHE GRAHAMI, new species 
PLATE 30, Ficure 69 


Head with some dark hair on face, on vertex pale yellowish, on 
back of vertex some black hair each side; pronotum with mostly pale 
hair; antennae pale, a dark ring over joinings. Forewing with short 
black hair, many small spots of pale yellowish hair, in apical cells 
two rows of these spots, one each side near the vein; apical fringes 
mostly black, no pale patches (in hedeni with pale patches). Hind- 
wings mostly gray, with gray and black hair. 

In forewings fork one is a little longer than its pedicel, fork two 
farther back on discal cell than in hedeni, fork three does not reach 
as far as apex of discal cell, fork four only a little before fork five. 

In hindwings fork one is distinct, but small. In male genitalia 
the superior plate is broadly, deeply incised, and at each side is a 
fairly long incurved spine; the claspers are slender, the apical joint 
fairly long, tapering and but little curved, seen from behind the tip 
is forked, the penis stout, tip enlarged, and from above is an out- 
curved spine each side before the swollen tip, from the side the tip 
is seen to have three pointed projections above. 

Forewing 7 mm. long. 

Two from Szechwan, probably Suifu, taken with a mass of ZH. 
hedeni, which it resembles closely, except for the very different geni- 
talia. Holotype, U.S.N.M. No. 53165. Paratype in M.C.Z. 

H. rhomboana Martynov has a deeply incised superior plate but 
without the curved spines; the apical segment of the clasper is shorter 
and more curved. 


HYDROPSYCHE PLANA Forsslund (7?) 


Three females from Wen Chuan Shien, 30 miles northwest of 
Kuanshien, August 26, 5,000 feet, and Mount Omei, July. These 
agree in size and are black, but a male would be necessary to be sure. 

Genus HYDROMANICUS Brauer 
HYDROMANICUS INTERMEDIUS Martynov 
Three from near Washan, July, 4,000 to 6,000 feet, described from 


Szechwan. 
Genus POTAMYIA Banks 


POTAMYIA CHINENSIS Martynov 


From Chengtu, September 1-3, Szechwan, known also from eastern 
China. 


NEUROPTEROID INSECTS FROM SZECHWAN—BANKS 209 


Genus ARCTOPSYCHE MacLachlan 
ARCTOPSYCHE LOBATA Martynov 


Agrees generally with his figures, but the superior plate, which, 
as he figures, is divided into two long down-curved prongs, has on 
each side an elongate slender prong, not figured; the venation agrees. 
From Lu Ding Chiao, July 12-14, 4,000 to 9,000 feet; Chin Chi Shien, 
west of Yachow, July 10, 4,500 to 6,000 feet; near Washan, 4,000 to 
6,000 feet, July, Szechwan; and Jedo Pass, China-Tibet border, July 
17, 12,000 to 15,000 feet. 


Genus PLECTROCNEMIA Stephens 
PLECTROCNEMIA species 


A fairly large female from Mount Omei, forewing 12 mm. long; 
pronotum yellow-haired in middle, black on sides, and much black 
hair back of each eye. 


PLECTROCNEMIA species 


From near Washan, July, 4,000 to 6,000 feet, and Suifu, August; 
forewing 10 mm. long, both females; it has very little black hair on 
vertex and pronotum, but much yellow. 


Genus PHILOPOTAMUS Curtis 
PHILOPOTAMUS SINENSIS, new species 
Piatse 29, Ficures 44, 46 


Body dark brown to nearly black, head with yellow and some black 
hair, thorax also; antennae with a pale band at tip of most joints 
below; palpi with tuft of long, pale hair at lower outer end of first 
joint; legs pale, femora more or less darkened, spurs as usual. Fore- 
wings dark brown, clothed with short black hair, except on the 
numerous hyaline spots, many scattered small spots of golden hair, 
particularly in the anal region; hindwings gray, with short black 
hair. 

In forewings the discal cell is not one-half of the pedicel, fork one 
about one-half of pedicel, fork two is back a short distance on discal, 
fork three a little longer than four, both short, latter nearly twice as 
long as pedicel, fork five back a little before discal cell; each of the 
four cross veins of the anastomosis separated from next. 

In hindwings fork one also very short, fork two back nearly width 
of discal cell, fork three much longer than pedicel, fork five before 
base of discal cell. Male genitalia from side show a long slender 
apical part to the lower appendages, longer than the preceding part; 
above is a short median piece, and below a much longer median piece, 


210 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you. 88 


deeply bilobed at tip, each side is a short 2-jointed appendage, the 
apical part rounded and bent downward. 

Forewing, length 8.5 to 11 mm. 

From Wenchaun, November—December; Jedo Pass, July 17-18, 
12,000 feet (holotype) ; and O-Er, north of Li Fan, 9,000 feet. Holo- 
type, U.S.N.M. No. 53166. Paratype in M.C.Z. 


Family PHRYGANEIDAE 


Genus EUBASILLISSA Martynov 
EUBASILLISSA TIBETANA Martynov 
One from Tang Gia, August 3-6, 14,000 feet, Tibet, agrees with a 
paratype. 
Family LIMNEPHILIDAE 


The genera of Limnephilidae known to me from China can be 
tabulated as below: 


1. Subcosta of forewings ends in a cross vein at base of the stigma____ Apatania 
Subcosta: \Gnds: dine Ware yy a ase as ae ee ae J 2 
2. NOSLOLEK ENTCE AT Wt Wilt og = nae ee Cee ee ee Halesinus 
Mork, threes presen tases = ha ATS SR SE EE PR eee eee 3 
3. Vertex, pronotum, and wings with short, appressed hair, no 
upright bristles 22 28.0 0s se RE, BT ee eee ee 4 
Vertex and pronotum at least with erect hair and bristles, or 
ISG FLATT yi OM yy ES Pent 1s V LTA eres ee a fee ee 5 
4. Outer margin of forewing plainly sinuate__________________ Glyphotaelius 
@utéermarein not singate:s es an es See a ee Ee Nemotaulius 
5. Head smooth, ocelli exceedingly small, as also posterior warts. Evanophanes 
Head with bristles, ‘ocellt Gistinct 2] ss ee en eee eee 6 
6. No spines under last joint of hind tarsus; no ocellar mac- 
rochactaes notefoursspursato: hind stibiae— 232 Sess _ as ee ae 7 
Some spines under last joint of hind tarsus; four spurs to hind 
tip IAC Se ee SU Se Ae Bh DRL Sees) «eae Sa. 8 EAA wee Ss 9 
i ealpivextremely, 1One) ins DOtNGSEXKES! 20 tee See ae See es ee Nothopsyche 
Palpmor usual len a tirss eee 18 ACh ee oS Re eee 8 
S2uBasevol Tork (One Very; ILO aCe ae ee Psilopterna 
iBasesot fork?one acutes_22 44. see Aes ot et ape fe te Platyphylax 
9. Noxocellar macrochaetae=— 2 ee eee Pseudostenophylax 
Ocellar macrochaetae, distinet.-2= = 2 2S ee eee 10 
10. Apical margin oblique; in hindwing fourth apical cell narrowed 
HiMDASC fsa OPS a AS a ee ee ON ee Limnephilus 
Apical margin rounded; in hindwing fourth apical cell broad 
at WWase ws shee ers lier? ee eee ee ree eee —__ Anabolia 


Genus GLYPHOTAELIUS Stephens 
GLYPHOTAELIUS MUTATUS McLachlan 


From Beh Luh Din, 30 miles north of Chengtu, August 18, 6,000 
feet, and also from Kuanshien. 


NEUROPTEROID INSECTS FROM SZECHWAN—BANKS P11 


Genus LIMNEPHILUS Leach 
LIMNEPHILUS SUBFUSCUS Ulmer 


One male from near Washan, Szechwan, July, 4,000 to 6,000 feet; 
another without definite locality, July 12-19, 13,000 feet. It does not 
differ in coloration or genitalia from Japanese specimens. 


Genus NOTHOPSYCHE Banks 
NOTHOPSYCHE RHOMBIFERA Martynoyv 


One female, apparently belonging to this species, from Chengtu, 
Szechwan, 1,400 to 4,500 feet. It has femora of front and midlegs 
pale yellowish, while in the male types the legs are said to be black. 


EVANOPHANES, new genus 


A large, broad-winged limnephilid, in general resembling a large 
Dicosmoecus, the venation similar except that fork one goes back 
much farther on the discal cell; hind tarsi broken, but, judged from 
the tibiae, with few if any spines, none on last joint of front tarsi, 
front tibia with one spur, hind tibia with two spurs, midlegs off. 

Palpi (of female) very much longer than in Dicosmoecus or 
Astenophylaz,; head quite different from both and all other limnephi- 
lids in that the ocelli are extremely minute, hardly to be seen; the 
basal joints of antennae are wide apart, and the median ocellus occu- 
pies hardly one-tenth of the space, the lateral ocelli longer trans- 
versely; the face longer than in Dicosmoecus, no submedian grooves, 
but the lower pits present, no warts nor bristies on face; the vertex 
broadly convex, the posterior warts present, transverse, but extremely 
small, each with a few very short black bristles, no other bristles on 
vertex; antennae much like Dicosmoecus. Mesothoracic strips also 
very short and narrow. 

Type, 2. insignis, new species. 

Readily distinguished by the very small ocelli, lack of grooves 
and warts on face, and of bristles on the vertex. Stenophylax magnus 
has the ocelli smaller than in many limnephilids, but not comparable 
to these; moreover there are the usual bristles on face and vertex. 


EVANOPHANES INSIGNIS, new species 


PLATE 30, FIGURE 71 


Body bright reddish, antennae, palpi, and pronotum black, also a 
square spot on the mesoscutellum is black, femora pale, rest of legs 
black. Forewings a uniform brown (darker than in Dicosmecus 
atripes), a small hyaline spot on the thyridium, membrane evenly 
clothed with short black hair, veins with longer, erect hairs. Hind- 
wing paler, but brownish in front and at tip. Wenation of forewing 
much as in Dicosmoecus or Astenophylax, but fork one is back on 


212 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 88 


discal cell for more than width of the cell; fork three also back for 
about a cell’s width. In hindwing fork one is also back on discal 
cell more than width of cell. 

Length of forewing, 32 mm.; width, 11 mm. 

One specimen of this fine large species from near Washan, Szech- 
wan, China, 4,000 to 6,000 feet, July. Type, U. S. N. M. No. 53167. 


Genus PLATYPHYLAX McLachlan 
PLATYPHYLAX RUBESCENS Martynov 


PLATE 29, Ficure 40 


Described from a female from Yatung, Tibet. Two females agree 
fairly well with the description and figure. The males have very 
striking genitalia. The tip of the last abdominal segment is bent 
down in a broad lobe, which is covered with stout black spines; below 
(from side) is a pale elongate superior appendage, and below this the 
intermediate hooklike processes, its tip (seen from side) has a slender 
inner prong and a rounded outer lobe; from below are two broad 
truncate lobes, each tip with stout hairs, and above these are two curved 
reddish spinelike pieces, with a long tooth near tip and another not 
quite so long nearer to base, seen best from behind. 

In most of the males the wing membrane is slightly brownish and 
with many small pale spots; hair on face largely yellowish, black 
each side by eyes, those on vertex mostly pale, but some black each 
side, those on mesonotum mostly pale, a few of those over wing base 
are darker or nearly black. 

Specimens are from 9 miles southwest of Tatsienlu, June 25-27, 
8,500 to 13,000 feet; O-Er, 26 miles north of Li Fan, August 16; 
Yachow, August 27-30 (all Szechwan); and Jeddo Pass, 12,000 to 
15,000 feet, July 17, China-Tibet border, and Yiel Long Shien, Au- 
gust 8-6, 13,000 to 15,000 feet, China-Tibet border. Pseudopotamorites 
peniculus Forsslund appears to be very close to this species, but 
Forsslund’s figures show slight differences in details. I see but little 
resemblance to Potamorites, but if Platyphylax is to be divided, the 
generic name may be kept. 


Genus PSILOPTERNA Martynov 
PSILOPTERNA SINENSIS, new species 


PLATE 29, Ficures 49, 50 


Head and body pale yellowish, abdomen darker above toward tip; 
palpi, antennae, and legs pale, unmarked; hair on face pale, but 
some black each side by eye, that on vertex pale, that on thoracic 
notum pale, and above the wing base but little darker. 

Forewings pale yellowish, a little darker in anal area and near 
cubitus, the outer margin also faintly darker, no distinct irrorations; 


NEUROPTEROID INSECTS FROM SZECHWAN—BANKS 213 


hind wing also pale, veins and fringes pale yellowish. Forewings 
moderately slender, and the tip not broadly rounded; discal cell very 
long, widened near tip, upper margin toward tip concave; fork one 
not back on discal cell, but broad at base, fork two a little narrowed 
at base, fork three scarcely back on cell, anal cell very long, as long 
as width of wing at its end; all hairs very short. 

Legs long and slender, with but few black spines, last joint of 
mid and hind tarsi with but few spurs, 0, 2, 2, front tarsus of male 
much longer than tibia, its basal joint only about one half as long 
as the second. 

Male genitalia short and inconspicuous as in Aficropterna; lower 
appendages shorter than in P. pevzovi Martynov, the upraised dark 
hooklike processes much less stout and with slenderer tips than in 
that species, the hind edge of the last dorsal segment roughened 
with minute teeth. 

Forewing, male, 20 mm. long, 6 mm. wide. 

Holotype, U.S.N.M. No. 53168. Paratype in M.C.Z. 

A female differs in no important respects but is much larger, 
forewing 25 mm. long; the tip of abdomen shows two rather slender 
dark-tipped processes nearly their length apart. 

From Beh Luh Din, Szechwan, August 22, 6,000 feet (holotype), 
and near Kuanshien, October 20. It is very similar to Microptera 
indica Mosely from Kashmir; the lower appendages are not so much 
narrowed toward tip, the upper lateral lobe larger, the tip of last 
segment has black spinules instead of the pale setae of M/. endica, 
etc. 

Genus PSEUDOSTENOPHYLAX Martynoy 


Pseudostenophylax shows traces of the bristle-bearing warts on 
metanotum and base of abdomen. In males of P. grahami are usu- 
ally several of these warts in two rows on the metascutellum; in 
males of P. (T'richophylax) monticola there is a prominent median 
patch at the base of the intermediate segment, just behind the meta- 
scutellum. In P. amplus there are a few warts each side of the 
middle groove at base of the intermediate segment in both sexes. 
I do not find any in the other species. 

The species of Pseudostenophylax from Szechwan known to me can 
be separated in the male sex as follows: 


1. Abdomen with long hair above; discal cell very long; at base of 
intermediate segment, just behind the metascutellum is a patch 


ofsbristle-bearinggwants 02) 222 a 2 ee eet monticola 
Abdomen with only the usual short hair, except a tuft or crest 

eh tees EL TN a ee OE eS 2 

2. Discal cell more than twice as long as its pedicel_______________-_____--- 3 


Discalicell’ but jithle longer than’ its! pedicel=-=2e2 ss ee eee 6 


214 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 88 


3. Expanse 50 or more mm. ; tip of abdomen without tuft of long hair, 

lower part of slope black with minute tubercles; at base of 

intermediate segment is a few bristle-bearing warts each side 
OLMENEMMEATAN STO OV Ce tee a eee eee amplus 
xpanse searcely/*4.0 yarn See ee ee ee ee 4 

4. Hind tibiae with a row of long, curved, white hairs behind, 

small species; crest of black hairs near tip of abdomen, above 


SlODP@ se 0.8 eee a ie ee ee minimus 
Hind tibiae without) the lone. white hairs22 2222s) Se eee 3 

5. Tuft of long rufous hair near tip of abdomen above the slope; 
usually some bristle-bearing warts on the metascutellum______ grahami 
No tuft of long hair near tip of abdomen=2222 22222 22=22 22 ees difficilis 

6. Hind tibiae with long white hairs behind; median teeth broad 
ANG TOW = =e ee ee ee 8 ee ee eee mimicus 


Hind tibiae without the long hairs behind; median teeth high and 


TTR TU ED IE OV oe eg Ree ee Se brevis 


P. szechuanensis Martynov I have not seen; the figures of genitalia 
appear different from any I have seen. 


PSEUDOSTENOPHYLAX AMPLUS (McLachlan) 
PLATE 29, FicuRES 35, 39 


Described as a Halesus; a pair from 9 miles from Tatsienlu, the 
type locality, and Hai Tsi Ping near Tatsienlu, August 5, 13,000 feet. 
The male has four spurs to hind tibia, the female but three. They 
agree very well with the description in size and coloration. The 
male has a broad black area at tip, thickly studded with minute 
tubercles, and below it in the middle, apparently as part of the upper 
piece (but I do not think so) is a deep black horseshoe-shaped piece, 
each lower end bending out in a process, and apparently the part 
referred to by McLachlan. Seen from side, the clavate superior 
appendages hang down, and the intermediate are slenderer, the 
lower appendages curving upward and covering over half the 
genitalia. 

The lower appendages from below are short on the inner edge, 
very long on outer side, the apical margin concave. 

The female, from above, shows a broad median piece angularly 
notched in middle, each tipped with a slender finger; on each side of 
this central part is a broad rounded lobe, with an oval depressed 
hairy area; below this upper part is a broad pale lamina, its outer 
margin heavier, and broadly emarginate in the middle; below the 
latter is a still larger projection, the middle part pale, the broadly 
rounded almost projecting side lobes are black. From these genitalia 
it is evidently a Pseudostenophylax in the sense of Martynov; but 
the hindwings show no specialized hairs or scales in anal area; but 
there are many tubercles on the membrane and much long fine hair. 


NEUROPTEROID INSECTS FROM SZECHWAN—BANKS 215 


PSEUDOSTENOPHYLAX GRAHAMI Martynov 


From Wei Chow, August 15, Szechwan; and Yu Long Gong, 
August 14, 14,000 feet, Tibet. 


PSEUDOSTENOPHYLAX DIFFICILIS Martynov 


From Chin Chi Shien, west of Yachow, July 10, 4,500 to 6,000 feet ; 
others from Yellow Dragon Temple (type locality) July 25, 11,000 
to 14,000 feet, and Hai Tsi Ping, near Tatsienlu, August 5, 13,000 feet. 


PSEUDOSTENOPHYLAX MINIMUS, new species 


PLATE 28, Ficurn 31; PLATE 29, FIGURE 36 


Body brown, abdomen above dull black, the longer hairs and 
bristles are black, some long ones on pronotum are paler, and the 
short, more appressed hair on face and vertex is pale; basal joint of 
antennae brown, with black hairs, beyond paler; palpi brown; legs 
pale, with short black spines, hindtibia of male curved, and with a 
row of long, slightly curved hairs on hind edge. 

Forewings pale brown, with scattered pale spots, not often con- 
nected, few pale spaces in costal area, membrane with short black 
hair, those on the veins not much longer, except in anal area; hind- 
wings pale gray, hardly darker at tip. Forewings in shape like 
grahami, discal cell more than twice as long as the pedicel, its upper 
edge before fork one is concave, latter back on the discal cell about 
width of the cell. In hindwings no apparent scales, in anal area 
an elongate deep pouch, costal area very broad. 

Tip of abdomen has a long sloping area, brown, and with very short 
curved hairs, above is a tuft or crest of long black hairs; below are 
the two median teeth, large, and quite long with narrowed and 
rounded tips, mostly black; the lower appendages are moderately 
long, seen from below long on the outer side, very much shorter on 
inner side, the tip concave, and provided with many very long 
bristles. 

Length of forewings, 13 mm.; width, 5 mm. 

One from near Washan, 4,000 to 6,000 feet. Holotype, U.S.N.M. 
No. 53169. 

Differs from P. brevis by less broad wing, longer discal cell, ciliate 
hind tibia, and shape of the median teeth. 


PSEUDOSTENOPHYLAX MIMICUS, new species 


PLATE 29, Fiaures 42, 45 


Greatly resembling P. minimus, of same size and general colora- 
tion; the forewings are more pale, better described as pale, marmo- 


216 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 88 


rate with pale brown, more or less connected spots. In forewings 
(both sexes) the discal cell is but little, if any longer than its pedicel, 
and its upper edge is not concave before fork one, and the latter does 
not go back so far on the discal cell; in the hindwing the costal area 
is fully as broad as in minimus, and in male there is the same elongate 
pouch near anal margin. 

The tip of abdomen of male has a tuft of black hair above, below 
a large sloping area clothed with short bristles, this area is paler than 
in minimus but with dark outer corners; the median teeth are low 
and very broad (quite unlike minimus); the lower plates are small. 

The hind tibia has the same long, curved, white hairs as in minimus. 
The tip of the abdomen of the female, from above, shows the usual 
two spinelike processes very far apart and curved toward each other. 

Length of forewing of male, 13 mm.; width, 5 mm.; the female 
scarcely larger. 

From Suifu, 1,000 to 2,000 feet, August 1928. Holotype, U.S.N.M. 
No. 53170. Paratypes in U.S.N.M. and M.C.Z. 


PSEUDOSTENOPHYLAX BREVIS, new species 
PLATE 29, FieuRES 34, 41, 43 


Body brown, thoracic notum paler through the middle; erect hair 
mostly black, some appressed hair on face and vertex yellowish; 
antennae with basal joint dark brown with black hair, beyond paler ; 
palpi pale brown; legs pale with black spines, not very long. Fore- 
wings brown, with many scattered pale spots, none very large, and 
mostly not connected, few in costal area, hyaline thyridial spot rather 
large; membrane with short black hair, veins with longer hair, 
especially the anal veins. Hindwings pale gray, slightly darker 
toward tip. 

Forewings very short and broad, broadly rounded at tip, costal mar- 
gin convex, discal cell not as long as usual, but little longer than 
pedical, fork one not width of discal cell back on discal; apical cells 
two and four about equal at base, forks two and three indenting the 
anastomosis but little; hindwing with no scales visible, but a deep 
elongate pouch in anal area. Tip of male abdomen shows the usual 
sloping area, very broad, brown, covered with appressed bristles, 
above it is a broad tuft of black hair; below it are the two median 
teeth, large, broad, truncate at tip, black at their margins, below it 
the two processes directed toward each other, and tipped with stiff 
reddish bristles; the lower appendages or plates are broad and short, 
longer on outer edge. 

In the female the tip of abdomen from above shows two rather 
broad, somewhat quadrangular plates, each with a long curved spine. 


NEUROPTEROID INSECTS FROM SZECHWAN—BANKS 27 


Length of forewing, female, 12.5 mm.; width, 5 mm. 

Length of forewing, male, 11 mm.; width, 4.5 mm. 

Two from near Washan, 4,000 to 6,000 feet, July. Although the 
discal cell is short in this and P. méimicus, I keep them in this genus 
because they are very closely related to P. minimus, which has a long 
discal cell. Holotype, U.S.N.M. No. 53171. Paratype in M.C.Z. 


PSEUDOSTENOPHYLAX (TRICHOPHYLAX) MONTICOLA, new species 
PLATE 29, Ficures 37, 38, 51 


Face rufous, with black hair; vertex nearly black, also with black 
hair; basal joint of antennae pale and with pale hair, beyond the 
segments are darkened above; palpi pale, second and third joints 
equally long, mesonotum black on sides, more rufous through middle, 
hair black; metanotum rufous, darker above wing base; abdomen dull 
brown above, with innumerable distinct pits, larger than usual, and 
each with a long white hair, about one third as long as the segment, 
a few near middle of length longer, at tip a tuft of long hair as 
usual; venter more yellowish; legs pale, front and mid tibiae with 
black spots, and the tips of tarsal joints dark, many black spines. 

Forewings rather densely clothed with short black hair, posterior 
part of wing from cubitus back is brown, and with some pale spots, 
one much larger near end of anal cell; apical veins with irregular 
brown spots along each side; hindwings with short black hair in 
front, paler behind, fringes short and pale. 

Forewings rather short and broad toward tip (much like 7’. rotundi- 
pennis), fork one is back on discal cell about twice as far as in 
T. rotundipennis, fork three also reaching farther back; disca] cell 
even longer, its pedical no longer than cell width, and the discal cell 
not widened at tip. Male genitalia show below a rather long piece 
each side, obliquely truncate, and with long yellowish hair; the supe- 
rior pieces (from side) are short and moderately broad, not pointed, 
the intermediate appendages have a pair of slightly curved slender 
black prongs directed upward; the penis sheaths have the terminal 
piece slender, curved, and with long hair at tip (like Pseudostenophy- 
lax); tip of last dorsal segment with a triangular depressed area, 
covered with minute black denticles. Tip of female has the two 
slender tipped pieces common in Pseudostenophylax, only slightly 
separated ; these arise from a rather large base, and below (from side) 
is an elongate lobe, and at lower side, an elevated ridge, projecting 
most prominently below. The hairs on the abdomen of the female are 
only a little longer than usual in the family. 

Length of forewing, 17 to 22 mm.; width, 7 to 8.5 mm. 


218 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 8S 


From 9 miles southwest of Tatsienlu, June 23-27, 8,500 to 18,000 
feet (holotype); 80 miles north of Tatsienlu, July 9-19, 1,200 feet; 
near Moupin, July 22-24; Wei Chow, 65 miles north of Chengtu, 
August 15, 9,000 to 12,500 feet (all in Szechuan). Holotype, U.S.N.M. 
No. 53172. Paratypes in U.S.N.M. and M.C.Z. 

Although this species, as far as genitalia are concerned, agrees 
better with Pseudostenophylax, I place it near Trichophylax, since 
it has no specialized hairs or scales on the hindwings, and the hairs 
above on abdomen are very much longer than I have seen on any 
other limnephilid. These hairs, however, are not so long as Mosely 
figures for the genotype; it differs in the genitalia, in longer first 
apical fork, in the male palpi, etc. 

This is very close to Pseudostenophylax hirsutus Forsslund from 
Kansu Province. His figure shows the terminal pieces of the penis 
sheath shorter and bent, and the lower appendages, although tri- 
angular, are not so long as in monticola. His name hirsutus would 
be very apt, but he does not say the hair is longer than usual, only 
that it is quite dense or thick. 


Genus HALESINUS Ulmer 
HALESINUS FENESTRATUS, new species 


PLATE 29, FicurE 53 


Black; clothed mostly with black hair, some yellow on face, vertex 
and mesonotum with numerous black hairs with yellow tips; tarsi 
black, femora and tibiae more or less pale brownish, hind tibiae espe- 
cially pale. Forewings dark brown to nearly black; costal area 
with transverse pale marks much like H. tenuwicornis; in anal area 
two oblique white marks, nearly parallel, basal one usually broken 
(in tenuicornis divergent), around outer margin with white spot in 
each cell, and extended in white on the otherwise black fringe; a 
few small patches of white scattered over wing, and at the anasto- 
mosis, just before and a wide area beyond, is a large pale area, 
clothed with white and golden hairs, the anastomosis and apical veins 
remain dark. Hindwings gray, costal tip darker, veins dark, outer 
fringe nearly black. 

Venation much as in ¢enwicornis and albopunctatus, but in forewing 
the discal cell is not twice as long as its pedicel, and in hindwing 
fork one does not extend back on the discal cell (considerably so in 
other species). Forewings with outer margin distinctly crenulate. 

Length of forewing, 12 mm.; width, 4 mm. 

Two females without definite locality, except Szechwan, 13,000 
feet, July 9-12. 

Readily distinguished by the large pale area at anastomosis; H. 
ussuriensis is also separated by the very long discal cell. Holotype, 
U.S. N. M. No. 53173. Paratype ( no head) in M. C. Z. 


NEUROPTEROID INSECTS FROM SZECHWAN—BANKS 219 


HALESINUS ALBOPUNCTATUS Martynov 


From near Yien Long Shien, August 3-6, 13,000 to 15,000 feet; Yin 
Kuan Tsai, July 25, 13,000 to 15,000 feet; and Jedo Pass, July 18, 
12,000 to 15,000 feet, all on China-Tibet border. 


* 


HALESINUS TENUICORNIS Ulmer 


From Wen Chuan Shien, July 26, 5,800 feet; Hai Tsi Ping near 
Tatsienlu, August 5, 13,000 feet; near Moupin, July 22-24; O-Er, 
north of Li Fan, 9,000 feet; Bul Lau Tsen, northeast of Li Fan, July 
31, 8,500 feet; 9 miles southwest of Tatsienlu, June 25, 8,500 to 13,000 


feet (all Szechuan) ; and Jedo Pass, July 17, 12,000 to 15,000 feet, 
China-Tibet border. 


Family CALAMOCERATIDAE 
Genus PSILOTRETA Banks 


PSILOTRETA CHINENSIS, new species 
PLATE 27, FicuRE 1; PLATE 30, Fiaures 67, 68, 70 


Head and thorax reddish brown, abdomen dull black; face with 
yellowish hair, vertex and thorax above with short gray hair; palpi 
brown; antennae pale, basal joint darker, legs pale yellowish, with 
fine whitish hair, spurs pale. 

Forewings brownish gray clothed with golden and black hair, the 
latter short and hidden by the golden; hindwings gray, with black 
hair. In shape and venation the forewings are similar to P. japonica, 
the discal cell is rather longer and slenderer, fork one is much longer, 
reaching back more than halfway on discal cell; fork two with a 
moderate pedicel, fork three quite short, fork five a little widened 
near base. 

Tip of abdomen of female (from above) shows two emarginate 
lobes, the shorter one above the other. The male genitalia are rather 
complicated. Above is a median triangular superior plate, beyond 
its tip is a slender peniscover, and the penis, the latter deeply bilobed 
at tip; from each lateral side or tip of the abdomen is a moderately 
long and broad, extremely hairy appendage, from its inner tip pro- 
jects a dark bar toward the tip of superior plate, at its upper tip is 
a curved spine, also a curved spine at inner tip of the lateral ap- 
pendage, but hidden in the long hair. Between these median and 
jateral parts is a dark, 3-pointed piece, the outer and inner processes 
tapering to a long, slender-curved point, one of which projects down- 
ward and is seen from the side. 

Length of forewing, male, 12 mm.; female, 15 mm. 


220 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vob. 88 


From near Washan, Szechwan, July, 4,000 to 6,000 feet, several 
specimens. Holotype, U.S.N.M. No. 53174. Paratypes in U.S.N.M. 
and M.C.Z. 

The male genitalia have the superior plate and the lateral append- 
ages very much shorter than in P. kwantungensis Ulmer, and the 
lower appendages (from side) are very broad throughout, and the 
wings are a uniform brownish, without the white hair of P. kwan- 
tungensis; I have a male of the latter species from Yim Na San, 
Kast Kwantung (Gressitt coll.). 


Family LEPTOCERIDAE 
Genus NOTANATOLICA McLachlan 


NOTANATOLICA LEGENDRINA Navas 


Several from Chengtu, July 3-5, 1,700 feet, Szechwan, and one 
from near Tsao Tong, July 12, Yunnan. It was described from 
Yunnan. 


Genus OECETIS McLachlan 


OECETIS TURBATA Navas? 


A female from Chengtu, July 3-5, may belong to this species of 
eastern China; the spots at forks are the same, but the apical part is 
more evenly dark; a male might show it different. 


lS. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1946 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


issued 


SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION 
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Vol. 88 Washington : 1940 No. 3080 


CESTOCRINUS, A NEW FOSSIL INADUNATE CRINOID 
GENUS 


By Epwin Kirk 


In 19841 I described the new crinoid genus Corynecrinus, for the 
reception of which and one other genus (Lecythocrinus J. Miiller) 
I proposed the family Lecythocrinidae in the order Inadunata. 
Both genera are of Devonian age, one from Europe and one from 
the United States. I am now able to add another genus to this 
family, coming from the Mississippian (upper Borden) of Indiana. 


CESTOCRINUS, new genus 


Genotype.—Cestocrinus striatus, new species. 
Generic diagnosis.— 
Crown. Subcylindrical. 
Dorsal cup. Campanulate to urn-shaped. 
IBB. Five. Large, approximately one-third the height of the dorsal 
cup. 
BB. Of medium size, except post B, which is very large, extending 
to the level of the arm bases and supporting two tube plates. 
RR. Relatively small. Arm facets elevated above level of plates, 
horseshoe-shaped, and approximately one-half width of radial 
at that level. 
Arms. Relatively slender, composed of subcylindrical, long Br. 
Number of IBr variable: 3 in | ant R; 4 in r ant R; more than 
4 in ant R in type species. 


1 Corynecrinus, a new Devonian crinoid genus. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 83, pp. 1-7, 
1 pl., 1934. 


190886—40 Pill 


222 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88 


Post IR. No anal plates in cup. The entire area of the post IR up 
to the level of the arm bases is occupied by the hypertrophied 
post B. Resting on the distal faces of this B are two large 
plates which can be considered only as tube plates. 

Ventral sac. Judged from the proximal portion of the ventral sac 
as preserved, the tube was relatively slender, subcylindrical in 
shape, and composed of fairly large plates. 

Column. Stout, circular in section, composed of alternate nodals 
and internodals. Lumen large, outline indistinct in polished 
section but apparently pentagonal. 

Species. The only known species referable to Cestocrinus is the 
new species C. striatus, here described. 


Geologic and geographic distribution—The type species was found 
in the upper Borden (Mississippian, lower Carboniferous) of Indian 
Creek, Montgomery County, Ind. 

Relationships —The peculiar structure of the posterior interradius, 
together with similarities of arm structure and general resemblance, 
seems clearly to ally Cestocrinus with Lecythocrinus Miiller and 
Corynecrinus Wirk. Of the two formerly described genera, Cesto- 
crinus more nearly resembles Corynecrinus. The two genera differ 
in well-marked structural characters. In Corynecrinus the post B 
is but shghtly larger than the other BB. In Cestocrinus the post B 
is very large, reaching to the level of the arm bases. In Coryne- 
crinus the IBB are very small and scarcely visible in lateral view. 
In Cestocrinus the IBB are large, approximately one-third the height 
of the cup. The arm-bases in Cestocrinus are sharply elevated above 
the level of the RR and are relatively narrower than in Corynecrinus. 
As seen, there are many more [Br in Corynecrinus than in Cesto- 
crinus. In Corynecrinus the two proximal tube plates he well down 
in the cup, and the tube plates of the second range rest on the upper 
sloping shoulders of the r and | post RR. In Cestocrinus the pair 
of proximal tube plates have been raised above the level of the cup 
and rest on the upper sloping shoulders of the r and | post RR. 

The persistence of this tenuous genetic crinoid line from the 
Middle Devonian well up into the lower Mississippian is very inter- 
esting. Cestocrinus shows no resemblance to any known Carbonif- 
erous inadunate genus, and one must cast back into the Middle 
Devonian to find like structural forms. At all times members of 
the family seem to have been exceedingly few in number. Lecytho- 
crinus is represented by a few specimens. Corynecrinus is known 
from but a single specimen. Cestocrinus, also, is based on a unique 
specimen. Since many thousands of crinoids have been collected at 
Crawfordsville and Indian Creek, Ind., as well as from approxi- 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 88 PLATE 31 


CESTOCRINUS STRIATUS, New GENUS AND SPECIES. 


1, Anterior view. 
2, Posterior view. 
3, Plate diagram. 


CESTOCRINUS—KIRK 223 


mately equivalent horizons elsewhere, the form must be exceedingly 
rare. The lack of a known antecedent form in the great crinoid 
collections of the Burlington is significant. 


CESTOCRINUS STRIATUS, new species 


PLATE 31 


The description is based on a perfect dorsal cup with the arms 
preserved in part to a length of 10 mm. and with about 25 mm. of 
column attached. The proximal portion of the ventral sac is also 
present. The specimen has been freed from the matrix. 

The dorsal cup is narrowly companulate in form and composed 
of fairly thin plates. The surface of the plates is finely papillose, 
the papillae tending to become confluent in linear series, thus forming 
striae normal to the faces of the plates. Low folds pass from radial 
to radial, radials to basals, and basals to infrabasals. The dorsal 
cup has a height to the arm bases of approximately 15 mm. and an 
average maximum diameter of about 14 mm. 

The IBB are five in number, pentagonal in outline, with an aver- 
age height of 4.3 mm. and an average maximum breadth of about 
5mm. The BB, with the exception of the posterior, are hexagonal 
in outline, having an average height of 7.3 mm. and an average 
maximum breadth of 6 mm. The posterior basal is octagonal in 
outline and has a height of 11.8 mm. and a maximum breadth of 
7.8 mm. The distal point of the post B lies at approximately the 
plane of the arm bases. On its distal sloping faces the post B sup- 
ports the two proximal tube plates. The RR are relatively small, 
having an average height of 5.2 mm. and an average maximum 
width of 6.3 mm. The arm facets are horseshoe-shaped, approxi- 
mately one-half the width of the radials at that level, and stand 
out sharply above the surface of the plates. 

The arms are proportionally slender and composed of relatively 
long, subeylindrical brachials. The primibrachs have an average 
width of 2.6 mm. In the r ant R there are four IBr and in the 
l ant R three IBr. In the ant R four [Br are shown without an 
axillary, which follows the common rule among inadunate crinoids 
that the ant R tends to carry more primibrachs than the other rays. 

The ventral sac, judged from the proximal portion preserved, was 
subeylindrical in shape, proportionally slender, and composed of 
rather large, heavy plates. The proximal tube plates are very large, 
that to the right having a height of 7.5 mm. and that to the left 6.5 
mm. The tegmen was composed of a flexible integument of small 
nodose and rugose plates. 


224 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88 


The column is large, having a diameter in the proximal portion 
of 5.6 mm. This measurement allows for slight crushing. The 
stem lumen does not show clearly in the polished face of the column. 
It is large, having a diameter of approximately 2.3 mm. at a distance 
of 25 mm. from the cup. It seems to be pentagonal in outline. The 
column is composed of aiternate: wider and narrower columnals. 
These, in turn, are grouped into larger series of nodals and inter- 
nodals which differ little from one another in size. 

Horizon and locality —The type and only known specimen was 
collected from the well-known locality on Indian Creek, Montgomery 
County, Ind., by Fred Braun in 1909. The horizon is upper Borden. 

Type—tThe holotype is in the Springer collection, U.S.N.M. No. 
S-4293. 


U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1940 


Wa ators 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION 
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Vol. 88 Washington : 1940 No. 3081 


NOTES ON SOME PEDUNCULATE BARNACLES FROM THE 
NORTH PACIFIC 


By Dora Priautx Henry 


Unt recently it was generally assumed that the species of barnacles 
of the genus Zepas were easy to identify, but Nilsson-Cantell (1921, 
1928), Hiro (1937), and several others have shown that some, at least, 
are extremely variable. Until some worker is able to examine and 
compare specimens of the different species from all over the world, 
some progress may be made in overcoming the difficulties encountered 
in identifying the species of this genus if descriptions and figures of 
the specimens of different regions are published. 

The barnacles to be described in this paper include an atypical form 
of Lepas anatifera, a new subspecies of L. pectinata, L. fascicularis 
aurivillii, Scalpellum columbianun, and Miiella polymerus. ‘The 
specimens of Lepas and Scalpellum were collected from several locali- 
ties between Alaska and Oregon. I am indebted to Prof. Trevor 
Kincaid, Department of Zoology, University of Washington, and to 
the College of Fisheries, University of Washington, for allowing me 
to examine specimens in their collections. Mitella polymerus was 
collected from Puget Sound, Wash., Oregon, California, and Lower 
California. Pedunculate barnacles from the North Pacific have pre- 
viously been reported by Pilsbry (1907) and Broch (1922). 


225 


187762—40 


226 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 88 


Genus LEPAS Linnaeus 
LEPAS ANATIFERA Linnaeus 


FIGURE 1 


Synonymy: See Nilsson-Cantell, 1921, p. 236. 

This is one of the most variable species of the genus Lepas. The 
number of filamentary appendages, 1. e., one at the bases of the first 
cirri and one on the prosoma on each side, is the most reliable criterion 
in differentiating this species from the closely related species, LZ. hlliz. 
Darwin states that the presence of a tooth beneath the umbo, on the 
right-hand scutum, and its entire absence on the left constitute an 
unfailing diagnostic mark. Weltner (1900) found otherwise typical 


Ficurp 1.—Lepas anatifera from Harriet Harbor, British Columbia: a, Side view, X 2; 
b, carina, external view, X 3; ¢, apex of capitulum from above, X 3. 


L. anatifera with an internal tooth on the left-hand scutum as well. 
Nilsson-Cantell (1928) examined specimens that Cornwall (1925) 
identified as Z. héllii from British Columbia and found an internal 
umbonal tooth on both scuta. In 1931 this author also described an 
atypical form, the scuta of which have no umbonal teeth. The ab- 
sence of umbonal teeth is also one of the diagnostic characters of sev- 
eral varieties; subspecies indica Annandale (1909) has an internal 
umbonal tooth on the left-hand scutum only. Therefore it can be seen 
that this character is an extremely variable one. 

Miranda y Rivera (1921) proposed a new species, LZ. marocannus, 
with the following characters: Plates smooth; carina slightly curved 


BARNACLES FROM THE NORTH PACIFIC—HENRY 227 


and separated from the other plates by a wide membrane; fork with 
two long and diverging branches; internal umbonal tooth on each 
scutum; and two filamentary appendages on each side. As the only 
real difference between this species and ZL. anatifera is the presence 
of teeth on both scuta and as this character is variable, Z. marocannus 
must be considered a synonym of L. anatifera, and until a more 
comprehensive study is made of this species it does not seem advisable 
to call it a variety. 

The specimens described below were obtained from six localities 
between Willapa Harbor, Wash., and the Aleutian Islands, and all 
have an internal umbonal tooth on both scuta. 

Description—The scutum is radially striate. The ridge from the 
umbo to the apex is never very prominent and in some can scarcely be 
seen. The occludent margin is nearly straight. The internal tooth of 
the right scutum is usually larger than that of the left. The internal 
basal rim does not quite reach the carinal border. The carina is 
separated by a rather wide interspace from the other valves; the apex 
is rounded; the greatest width is at the middle, and the narrowest part 
is Just above the fork. The fork is narrower than the widest part of 
the carina; the rim between the prongs is reflexed. A thick membrane 
borders the occludent margins of the scuta and terga. The two occlu- 
dent margins of the terga are nearly at right angles to each other. 

The peduncle varies in length in proportion to the length of the 
capitulum. In young specimens tiny spines occur on the surface as 
described by Darwin for the young of L. australis. In older specimens 
no spines were found, but there are irregular chitinous plates scattered 
over the peduncle. There are two filamentary appendages on each 
side. The mouth parts and cirri do not differ from those of typical 
Lepas anatifera. The caudal appendages are small and rounded at the 
apex. 

Size—In the largest specimen the capitulum is 43 mm. in length 
and 28 mm. in width, and the peduncle is 50 mm. in length and 13 mm. 
in width (dry specimen, Willapa Harbor). 

Localities——Willapa Harbor, Wash., July 15, 1938, on limb washed 
on shore. Harriet Harbor, Moresby Island, British Columbia, July 
29, 1934, on kelp with L. pectinata pacifica. William Head, Vancouver 
Asland, British Columbia, 1926, from ship’s bottom. Friday Harbor, 
Wash., July 14, 1937, on floating board with L. pectinata pacifica. 
Lousonne Harbor, Queen Charlotte Island, British Columbia, Febru- 
ary 11, 1935, on floating bottle. Aleutian Islands, 1936. 


228 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 88 
LEPAS PECTINATA PACIFICA, new subspecies 


Ficures 2, 3 


Holotype—U.S.N.M. No. 78233, from Harriet Harbor, British 
Columbia. 

Diagnosis.—Valves brittle and radially striate. No internal um- 
bonal teeth. Ridge from umbo to apex of scutum close to occludent 
margin. Occludent margin of tergum single. Tergum notched to 
receive apex of scutum. One short blunt filamentary appendage on 
each side. No caudal appendages. 

Description.—The capitulum is rather thick basally. The plates are 
white and the surface shows fine radial striations. The growth ridges 


FIGURB 2.—Lepas pectinata pacifica, new subspecies, from Harriet Harbor, British Colum- 
bia: a, Side view, X 2; 0b, carina, external view, X 3; c, apex of capitulum from 
above, X 3. 


are more or less prominent and uneven, particularly on the tergum. 
The plates are very thin and brittle but the edges are not sinuous. 

The scuta are subtriangular, with the apex somewhat pointed. To- 
ward the base they are concave internally. The occludent margin is 
straight, and the ridge from the umbo to the apex is prominent and 
never more than 1.5 mm. from the occludent margin. The basal mar- 
gin is not straight but projects downward at the umbo. There is a 
sight internal basal rim and in most a thickening externally on the 
basal margin. There are no internal umbonal teeth. 

The tergum is triangular and has a notch, usually very conspicuous, 
on the scutal margin very close to the occludent margin. The oc- 
cludent margin of the tergum (fig. 2, ¢) differs from that of the typical 
form in that it is restricted to a single side of the tergum instead of 


BARNACLES FROM THE NORTH PACIFIC—HENRY 229 


to two sides (compare with fig. 1, c). In this respect L. pectinata 
pacifica resembles L. fascicularis. 

The carina extends about halfway between the terga. It is rounded 
at the apex and is approximately the same width until just above the 
fork, where it is slightly narrower. The fork is a little wider than 
the carina, and the prongs, which are thin and pointed, diverge at an 
angle of approximately 180° as in the typical form. The rim between 


FIGURE 3.—Lepas pectinata: a, Maxilla, X 31; b, mandible, X 31; ¢, filamentary append- 
age, X 64; d, middle segment of cirrus VI, X 7. 


the prongs is not reflexed. The fork is not deeply embedded in the 
membrane. 

The peduncle varies in length and unlike the typical form is often 
longer than the capitulum. It is smooth, and no spines occur on the 
peduncle of young individuals. 

One filamentary appendage occurs posteriorly at the base of each 
first cirrus (fig. 3, ¢). They do not develop until the capitulum is 
about 7 mm. in length and at first are extremely small. In larger 
individuals they are short and thick with a blunt end. 

The mouth parts, particularly the maxillae and mandibles (figs. 
3, 4, 6), are variable as in the typical form. The palpi are narrow at 


930) PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vob, 88 


the ends and swollen at the point of attachment to the labrum. The 
mandibles have five or six teeth and the inferior angle, which is 
bordered by several long spines, may be either single or divided into 
two points. The surface is hairy, and small spines occur on both 
edges of the teeth as well as on the surface. The maxillae have two 
or three large unequal spines, usually followed by three steps with 
the lower one wider and frequently showing a small notch in the 
middle. In some there are four steps below the large spines. The 
outer maxillae have long hairs on the inner surface near the edge. 

The first cirrus is set a little apart from the posterior cirri. The 
rami are unequal, 12 segments in the anterior and 11 in the posterior 
one, with the middle segments of each very slightly protuberant. 

The posterior cirri (fig. 3,7) have six or seven pairs of spines with 
smaller intermediate spines on the anterior border and three to five 
thick spines and a few fine spines on the posterior distal angle. On the 
distal border there are mulitifid spinules and a few longer single 
spines, particularly near the anterior border. There are about 25 
segments in each ramus. 

No caudal appendages occur, but in some individuals the membrane 
on each side of the anus is somewhat swollen. The penis varies in 
length from half the length to a little longer than the sixth cirrus 
and is very hairy. 

Size.—The largest specimen seen was from Harriet Harbor and had 
a capitulum 20 mm. in length and 14 mm, in width and a peduncle 
16 mm. in length and 5 mm. in width. 

Remarks —L. pectinata pacifica can be distinguished from the 
typical form and from the variety described by Darwin (1851) and 
the variety sguamosa Fischer (1884) and the subspecies bertngiana 
Pilsbry (1911) by the single occludent margin of the tergum, the 
absence of umbonal teeth on the scuta, and the absence of caudal ap- 
pendages. It can be distinguished from all except subspecies berin- 
giana by the smoothness of the plates. 

Localities —Biorka Island, Alaska, July 21, 1936, on LZ. fascicularis. 
Queen Charlotte Sound, British Columbia, July 6, 1934, on Z. fasci- 
cularis. Lousonne Harbor, Queen Charlotte Island, British Colum- 
bia, February 11, 1935, with Z. anatifera. Harriet Harbor, Moresby 
Island, British Columbia, August 29, 1934, on kelp with ZL. anatifera. 
Naden Harbor, Graham Island, British Columbia, August 28, 1937, 
on kelp. Swiftsure Bank (lat. 48°31’ N., long. 124°53’ W.), July 
10, 1935, on Fucus; August 5, 1934, on L. fascicularis. Friday Har- 
bor, Wash., July 13, 1937, on floating limb; July 14, 1937, on floating 
board, with ZL. anatifera; July 26, 1937, on floating board. Willapa 
Harbor, 1922, on kelp. Manzanita Beach, Oreg., August 20, 1988, on 
driftwood, washed on shore. Short Sandy Beach, Oreg., August 20, 
1938, on Fucus, washed on shore. 


gS 


BARNACLES FROM THE NORTH PACIFIC—HENRY Dat 
LEPAS FASCICULARIS AURIVILLII Nilsson-Cantell 
Figurn 4 


Lepas fascicularis aurivillii NILSSON-CANTELL, 1921, p. 288. 


Diagnosis —Externaily like the typical form. Cirri shorter, with 
broader segments, covered with fine hairs. Carina same width as in 
the typical form (Nilsson-Cantell). 

Supplementary description—Specimens of this subspecies were col- 
lected in three localities. Unlike the specimens described by Nilsson- 
Cantell, certain external characters varied somewhat from those of 
L. fascicularis. 

As Nilsson-Cantell (1921) pointed out, there are five filamentary 
appendages, and the mouth parts do not differ from those of the 
typical form, as figured by Hoek (1883). All the 
maxillae examined had three steps below the upper 
large spines. Von Willemées-Suhm (1876) examined 
a large series of Z. fascicularis and found three steps 
more frequently than four steps as found by Darwin. 
He also found mandibles with four teeth instead of 
five. Many small spines occur on both edges of the 
teeth and to some extent on the surface. 

The specimens examined differ from the typical form 
and are similar to Darwin’s variety vdllosa in that the 
valves are not approximate. The interspace between St 
the scutum and tergum is almost half the width of the Ficurr 4.—Lepas 


scutum. The carina also differs from that of the typi- — *#scieularis aw- 
rivlli from 


cal form and is similar to that of the variety donovani _ Biorka Island, 
Leach as described by Darwin. It is flat above the Sc eearne gt 
umbo and has a narrow central external ridge, which view. Natural 
is somewhat less distinct on the disk (fig. 4). a 


The valves are covered with a spinose membrane, although the 
spines are more minute than those seen by Darwin. Hoek (1883) 
also found the smaller spines on Z. fascicularis from the Pacific. 

Size.—The largest specimen had a capitulum 47 mm. in length and 
37 mm. in width; the peduncle was 10 mm. in Jength and 8 mm. in 
width. The largest specimen described by Nilsson-Cantell (1921) 
had a capitulum 8 mm. in length and 6 mm. in width. 

Localities —Bangkok, on Limulus; Java Sea (Nilsson-Cantell). 
New records: Queen Charlotte Sound, British Columbia, July 6, 1934, 
floating, a number of specimens attached to gelatinous balls. Biorka 
Island, Alaska, July 21, 1926, also attached to gelatinous balls. Swift- 
sure Bank (lat. 48°31’ N., long. 124°53’ W.), August 5, 1934, attached 
to a gelatinous ball. 


232 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 88 


Genus SCALPELLUM Leach 
SCALPELLUM COLUMBIANUM Pilsbry 
FIcure 5 


Scalpellum (Arcoscalpetlum) columbianum Pitssry, 1909, p. 367; CoRNWALL, 
1930, pp. 215-217. 

This species was described by Pilsbry from three specimens from 
British Columbia. Cornwall (1930) described the mouth parts of 
two specimens also from British Columbia and pointed out several 
variations from the type material, i. e., the greater width of the 
inframedian latus, the presence of hair on the outer margin of the 
carina, and the slightly greater width of the capitulum. Cornwall 
also figures three small individuals found with the two adults. 

Five adult specimens of this species, found off Allen Bank, Puget 
Sound, were unfortunately preserved dry. One adult and two im- 
mature forms were found off Point No Point, Puget Sound. The 
adults resembled those figured by Cornwall more nearly than the 
type material. In all, the inframedian latus is wider than that of 
the type and the capitulum is only 1.8 times as long as wide instead 
of more than twice as long as in the type. 

Other plates show some variation in proportion. In most the 
rostral latus was more nearly the same width throughout instead of 
much wider near the inframedian latus. Also the upper latus was 
in most specimens wider in proportion to the length than in the type. 

The capitulum is covered with a thin membrane on which fine 
spines occur. These are slightly longer and more numerous near the 
carina and are especially long along the ridges of the carina. In all 
the specimens the scales on the peduncle are more numerous, 25 to 
30 in a row, instead of about 10 as in the type. 

The younger of the two immature forms (fig. 5, @) was very 
similar to the immature form of S. gruvelianum figured by Broch 
(1922). All the plates except the rostral latus and rostrum were 
present. The surface was covered with a membrane with fine hairs 
and a pair of “tentacular appendages” covered with fine hairs oc- 
curred at the apex of the capitulum. At the base of the capitulum 
there were two large scales on each side and one smaller scale below 
the rostral angles of the scuta. In the older specimen the rostral 
latus was present, and a sixth scale occurred on the peduncle below 
the carina. In neither individual could the rostrum be distinguished. 

The mouth parts of the specimen examined differed somewhat from 
Cornwall’s description. The upper part of the labrum is bullate 
(fig. 5, 6), and the palpi are somewhat acuminated. The fourth tooth 
of the mandible is less blunt, and a greater part of the surface is 
covered with hairs (fig. 5,7). The maxilla (fig. 5, @) shows no notch 


BARNACLES FROM THE NORTH PACIFIC—-HENRY 233 


below the upper large pair of spines. There are seven pairs of 
spines below the upper pair. The last three are on a slight promi- 
nence. The inferior border and the surface near the origin of the 
spines are covered with fine hairs. Highly prominent tubular olfac- 
tory organs are situated on the external surface of the outer maxillae. 


Ul d 


ds 


Figure 5.—Scalpellum columbianum from Point No Point, Puget Sound: a, Immature, side 
view, X 58; 0, labrum, X 39; c, caudal appendage, X 39; d, maxilla, X 80; e, sixth 
segment of cirrus VI, X 80; /, mandible, x 80. 


The anterior ramus of cirrus I is only slightly shorter than the 
posterior ramus; both rami have seven segments. The first cirrus 
is set a little apart from the other cirri. The second cirrus is longer 
than the first and a little shorter than the third. The rami of both 
the second and third cirri are unequal in length. The posterior cirri 
are slightly curled. The sixth cirrus (fig. 5, ¢) has four pairs of 


234 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 88 


spines on the median segments of the outer ramus and five pairs on 
the median segments of the inner. There are two long thin spines 
on the posterior distal angle and usually one very fine short spine 
on the anterior distal border. 

The caudal appendages (fig. 5, ¢) are short and flat with truncated 
ends bearing fine spines. There is no penis. 

Size (in millimeters) as follows: 


CAPITULUM : 


iene thes SS red tle A eA NL 10 10 9 9 8.5 11 

AVVING la: k  e e 5 5 4.5 4 + c 
PEDUNCLE: 

eng thy See ee ule re hor a 3 3 3 2 iz 4.5 

DNV eh Bek Eola eh eee ae ee ee 2 2 2 2 2 2 


Localities —Off Allen Bank, Puget Sound, April 8, 1937, 60 meters; 
one specimen on Boltenia villosa, four specimens on Pyura haustor. 
Off Point No Point, Puget Sound, April 7, 1933, 90 meters, one adult 
and two immature on coral. 


Genus MITELLA Oken 


MITELLA POLYMERUS (Sowerby) 


Synonymy: See Nilsson-Cantell, 1921, p. 165. 

This species is abundant in many localities in Puget Sound and 
individuals often attain a large size. The scales on the median part 
of the peduncle are intermediate in size between those figured for 
forma typica and forma echinata by Broch (1922). Gruvel (1905) 
and Nilsson-Cantell (1921) state that the scales on the lower part of 
the peduncle are in the form of spines and somewhat irregularly ar- 
ranged. An examination of a number of specimens failed to reveal 
any “spines” on the peduncle, which is in accord with the findings of 
Broch (1922). 

The mouth parts and cirri agree with the description of Darwin. 
The membrane covering the prosoma and the sack, as well as the 
mouth parts and some of the segments of the cirri, is covered with 
fine spines. The spines are slightly larger and more numerous on 
the membrane just below the labrum. The papillae on each side 
of the filamentary appendages and on the sack have short spines and 
spinules similar to those found on the filamentary appendages. 

In many of the large specimens the caudal appendages have two 
segments, with short spines at #the upper edge of each. In two speci- 
mens only one caudal appendage occurred. 

Localities —Washington: False Bay, San Juan Island; Iceberg 
Point, Lopez Island; Goose Island; Seal Rock and Waadah Island, 
Neah Bay. Bandon, Oreg. Trinidad, Calif. Ensenada, Lower 
California. 


LITERATURE CITED 


ANNANDALE, NELSON. 

1909. An account of the Indian Cirripedia Pedunculata. Part I.—Family 
Lepadidae (sensu stricto). Mem. Indian Mus., vol. 2, pp. 61-137, 
11 figs., 2 pls. 

BrocH, HJALMAR. 

1922. Studies on Pacific cirripeds. Vid. Medd. Dansk Naturh. Foren. 
Kg¢gbenhavn, vol. 73, pp. 215-358, 77 figs. 

1924. Cirripedia thoracica von Norwegen und dem norwegischen Nordmeere. 
Hine systematische und biologisch-tiergegraphische Studie. Skrifter 
Vid. Kristiania, mat.-naturv. Klasse, 1924, No. 17, 121 pp., 35 figs., 
3 pls. 

CORNWALL, IRA E. 

1925. A review of the Cirripedia of the coast of British Columbia, with 
glossary, and key to genera and species. Contr. Can. Biol., new ser., 
vol. 2, No. 18, pp. 469-502, 9 figs., 6 pls. 

1930. A barnacle (Scalpellum columbianum) from Departure Bay, B. C. 
Contr. Can. Biol. and Fisher., new ser., vol. 5, No. 9, pp. 215-217, 1 fig. 

DARWIN, CHARLES. 

1851. A monograph of the sub-class Cirripedia, with figures of all the species. 
The Lepadidae; or, pedunculated cirripedes, xi + 400 pp., 10 pls. 
Ray Society, London. 

FISCHER, PAUL. 

1884. Cirrhipédes de l’Archipel de la Nouvelle Calédonie. Bull. Soc. Zool. 

France, vol. 9, pp. 855-860, 1 fig. 
GRUVEL, ABEL. 

1905. Monographie des Cirrhipédes ou Thécostracés, xii +472 pp., 427 figs. 

Paris. 
Hino, Fusio. 

1937. Studies on cirripedian fauna of Japan. II. Cirripeds found in the 
vicinity of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory. Mem. Coll. Sci. 
Kyoto Imp. Univ., ser. B, vol. 12, pp. 385-478, 43 figs. 

HOEK, PAULUS PERONIUS CATO. 

1883. Report on the Cirripedia collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the 
years 1873-76. The Voyage of H. M. 8S. Challenger, Zoology, vol. 8, 
169, pp., 138 pls. 

MIRANDA Y RIVERA, ALVARO DE. 

1921. Algunos crustacéos de la coleccién del Laboratorio Biologico de Malaga. 

Bol. Pescas, Madrid, vol. 6, pp. 179-205, 3 figs. 
NILSSON-CANTELL, CARL AUGUST. 

1921. Cirripeden-Studien. Zur Kenntnis der Biologie, Anatomie und Sys- 
tematik dieser Gruppe. Zool. Bidrag Uppsala, vol. 7, pp. 75-3895, 89 
figs., 3 pls. 

1928. Studies on cirripeds in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.). Ann. Mag. 
Nat. Hist., ser. 10, vol. 2, pp. 1-39, 16 figs. 

1921. Cirripeds from the Juan Fernandez Islands, in “The Natural History 
of Juan Fernandez and Easter Islands,” edited by Dr. Carl Skotts- 
berg, Zoology, vol. 3, pt. 4, pp. 488-492, 3 figs. 


235 


236 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88 


PILSBRY, HENRY AUGUSTUS. 
1907. The barnacles (Cirripedia) contained in the collections of the U. S. 
National Museum. U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 60, 122 pp., 36 figs., 11 pls. 
1909. A new species of Scalpellum from British Columbia. Proc. Acad. Nat. 
Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 61, pp. 367-868, 2 figs. 
1911. Barnacles of Japan and Bering Sea. Bull. U.S. Bur. Fisheries, vol. 29 
(1909), pp. 59-84, 11 figs., 10 pls. 
WELTNER, WILHELM. 
1900. Die Cirripedien der Arktis, in Rémer and Schaudinn’s “Fauna Arctica,” 
vol. 1, pp. 287-812, 1 fig., 1 pl. 
WILLEMOES-SUHM, RUDOLF VON. 
1876. On the development of Lepas fascicularis and the ‘‘Archizoéa” of Cir- 
ripedia. Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, vol. 166, pp. 181-154, 6 pls. 


0. 5, GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1940 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION 
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Vol. 88 Washington : 1940 No. 3082 


REVISION OF THE CHALCID-FLIES OF THE TRIBE 
CHALCIDINI IN AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO 


By B. D. Burxs 


Tue tribe Chalcidini includes a relatively large number of the 
more conspicuous Nearctic chalcidoids, most of which have long been 
included in the genus Smicra. All the species in this tribe are 
referable to the section “Abdomine Petiolato” of the genus Chalcis 1 
of Fabricius. The tribe Chalcidini as here limited is equivalent to 
the genus Chalcis as defined by Westwood.? Most authors have 
treated the group as the genus Smicra or Smiera. As Gahan and 
Fagan * showed that Smcra (Smiera) Spinola and Chalcis Fabri- 
clus were isogenotypic, the genus formerly called Smécra took the 
name Chalcis instead, and the species that had long been placed in 
the latter genus were referred to Brachymeria. In 1904 Ashmead 4 
formulated the tribe Smicrini and included in it, along with Smicra, 
a large number of genera. With the change in the name of its type 
genus, it becomes necessary likewise to change the name of the tribe 
Smicrini to Chalcidini, the Chalcidini of Ashmead becoming Bra- 
chymerini. The tribe Chalcidini, as treated here, is almost identical 
with Smicrini Ashmead. 

METHODS 


In this paper, wherever possible, the comparative terms in general 
use in insect morphology have been used instead of the more or less 
conventional taxonomic terminology. 


1 Systema piezatorum, p. 150, 1804. 

? An introduction to the modern classification of insects, vol. 2, p. 65, 1840. 
*U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 124, p. 183, 1923. 

“Mem. Carnegie Mus., vol. 1, p. 250, 1904. 


237 


238 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 88 


The structures mentioned in the following keys and descriptions 
may be located by referring to figures 6, 7, a, 10,6, and 13,6. Figure 6 
shows those structures visible from the lateral aspect of the entire 
body, figure 7, a, the structures and areas visible from the anterior 
aspect of the head, and figure 10, d, the sclerites and areas of the dor- 
sum of the thorax. Figure 18, 6, is the posterior aspect of a propo- 
deum and shows the location of the spiracles on that segment. These 
spiracles are somewhat difficult to locate on many specimens. 

In order to see the characters used in the keys and descriptions in 
this paper, it is necessary to use a microscope providing magnifica- 
tions of 50 to 100 diameters and a very strong light. All measure- 
ments used have been made with a disk micrometer. Definite meas- 
urements in millimeters are not usable in the Chalcidini, because of 
the wide range in size of specimens to be encountered within a 
species. Comparative measurements of two structures on the same 
specimen are, however, fairly reliable. Several hundred measure- 
ments made on specimens of two of the commonest species, Spilochal- 
cis mariae (Riley) and S. side (Walker), indicate that variations of 
10 to 15 percent in these comparative measurements are to be ex- 
pected. The measurements given in the following descriptions are, 
therefore, stated in terms that seem broad enough to encompass the 
actual or probable variation. In the descriptions the term “slightly” 
is used where structures are visibly not the same size, but measure- 
ments have shown them to differ by less than 10 percent. 


Figure 6.—Chalcis sispes (Linnaeus) : Lateral aspect. 


Peepers eee ae axilla ME Wee ae hindwing 

Oe eee EN costal vein Mot he ee marginal vein 

Cpe compound eye aD ee ee forewing 

Cerin Iw cercus Oce i sat eaters ocellus 

OU2 See clypeus Peed tee pedicel 

Cuseeeeee dss cubital vein Pat eens parapsidal furrow 
Dye eee! epipygium PMyiit 2.2 postmarginal vein 
NG Gon) Sees frontogenal suture Pays see eS pronotum 

Use SLE flagellum Preaee eee propodeum 

ye Se Bk hypopygium PrPe sae. prepectus 

MM es a medial vein Pb eae ee petiole 

MORSE Lee mesocoxa pee eee radio-medial cross vein 
MES uae ee, mandible RA Se See ring segment 

ME A Pen mesoepimeron Rell se ees radial sector vein 
Mipesuk mesoepisternum Repo ee anterior branch of 
DU ee aaa mesofemur radial sector vein 
MiPpiia. cic mesopraescutum Sa subcostal vein 

TM Bie ee mesoscutum Sea= seit, antennal scape 
MS Clee, mesoscutellum ipiet See 2 sete Oovipositor sheath 
MC OEE Seek metacoxa Sia Leen submarginal vein 
Mibpses =. metepisternum Bp ee tibial spur 

MPT aes eh metafemur S§ese oe eee stigmal vein 

MEN ee metanotum Stree cote strigilis 

Mit Tee metatrochanter DD Ge wen tegula 


ET Se ee ae metatibia 


239 


THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 


MOT} BUBIAXS IOF 8EZ 


CSS 
IY 


‘d 999—"9 MANDI. 


LW 


240 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vob. 88 


The measurements of the width of the malar space, the interocular 
space, and the height of the compound eyes have been uniformly 
made from the anterior aspect. It is obviously necessary to measure 
all specimens from the same angle, as none of the areas to be measured 
is flat; the width of the compound eye varies widely if specimens 
are not all measured from exactly the same angle. The lengths of 
the various segments of the antennae have been measured from the 
dorsal aspect; measurements made from any other angle will not 
agree with those given here. The length and width of the petiole 
have, likewise, been measured from the dorsal aspect. 


ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 


I wish to express my indebtedness to the directors of the Bache 
Fund of the National Academy of Sciences for a grant that made 
possible the study of the materials in the United States National 
Museum and the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 
A. B. Gahan, of the U. S. Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quaran- 
tine, very kindly gave much helpful advice and generously permitted 
me to use the notes he made in several European museums on a 
number of important types of Chalcididae. Dr. H. H. Ross, of the 
Illinois State Natural History Survey, aided in the solution of many 
difficulties encountered during the preparation of this study. The 
authorities of the Academy of Natural Sciences ef Philadelphia 
granted permission to study and dissect, where necessary, the im- 
portant Cresson types. Dr. Ch. Ferriére, of the British Museum, 
kindly furnished information on types, made comparisons with sev- 
eral of Walker’s and Kirby’s types, and lent for study a cotype of 
Smicra rufipes Kirby. Dr. Olaw Schroeder, of the Kiel Museum, 
made comparisons with the types of the two Fabrician species from 
this area. Dr. Richard Dow, of the Boston Society of Natural His- 
tory, compared specimens with the type of Chalcis bracata Sanborn. 
Dr. G. N. Wolcott, of the Insular Agricultural Experiment Station 
of Puerto Rico, assisted by lending the types of his species Spilo- 
chalcis syrphidis and S. homledrae for study. Dr. J. C. Bradley, 
of Cornell University, lent a number of paratypes of Cameron’s 
species described from the Baker collection. Dr. Lucien Berland, of 
the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, generously fur- 
nished information on types located in that institution, made com- 
parisons with several types, and lent for study cotypes of Smicra 
conjungens Walker and Conura scutellaris Sichel. 

This revision is based principally on the collection of the United 
States National Museum. The following individuals and institutions 
have lent, in addition, over 2,000 specimens: 


THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 241 


Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pa.; Prof. Charles P. Alexander, 
Massachusetts State College, Amherst, Mass.; American Museum of Natural His- 
tory, New York City; Prof. R. H. Beamer, University of Kansas, Lawrence, 
Kans.; T. E. Birkett, University of Missouri, Columbia, Mo.; Boston Society of 
Natural History, Boston, Mass.; Prof. J. Chester Bradley, Cornell University, 
Ithaca, N. Y:; C. Walter Collins, Dutch Him Disease Laboratory, Morristown, 
N. J.; Dr. Derrill M. Daniel, New York Agricultural Hxperiment Station, Geneva, 
N. Y.; Deutsches Hntomologisches Institut, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany; Depart- 
ment of Hntomology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Ill.; Prof. E. O. Essig, 
University of California, Berkeley, Calif.; Field Museum of Natural History, 
Chicago, Ill.; Prof. C. L. Fluke, Jr., University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis.; 
Dwight Isely, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Ark.; Prof. Maurice T. 
James, Colorado State College, Fort Collins, Colo.; Prof. H. H. Knight, Iowa 
State College, Ames, Iowa; Dr. J. H. McDunnough, Department of Agriculture, 
Oitawa, Ontario; Dr. C. E. Mickel, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minn.; 
Prof. R. H. Painter, Kansas Agricultural College, Manhattan, Kans.; Dr. William 
Procter, Biological Survey of the Mount Desert Region, Bar Harbor, Maine; 
Dr. H. H. Ross, Illinois State Natural History Survey, Urbana, Ill.; ©. W. 
Sabrosky, Michigan State College, East Lansing, Mich.; Prof. H. A. Scullen, 
Oregon State Agricultural College, Corvallis, Oreg.; Prof. H. C. Severin, South 
Dakota State College, Brookings, S. Dak.; S. A. Shaw, Hampton, N. H.; Prof. 
W. E. Shull, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho; and J. R. Watson, Florida 
Agricultural Experiment Station, Gainesville, Fla. 


Finally, I wish to express my indebtedness to Prof. W. V. Balduf, 


of the Department of Entomology of the University of Illinois, under 
whose direction this study was made. 


Superfamily CHALCIDOIDEA 
Family CHALCIDIDAE 
Subfamily CHALCIDINAE 


Tribe CHALCIDINI 


Chalcis Fasrictus, Mantissa insectorum ... , vol. 1, p. 272, 1787 (in part). 

Smicrini AsHMrapD, Mem. Carnegie Mus., vol. 1, p. 248, 1904.—Scum1xEpr- 
KNECHT, Genera insectorum, fasc. 97, p. 18, 1909.—HaNpLIRScH, in 
Schréder’s Handbuch der Hntomologie, vol. 3, p. 771, 1925; in Kiikenthal’s 
Handbuch der Zoologie, vol. 4, p. 976, 1933. 

Smicrinariae Mant, Rec. Indian Mus., vol. 37, p. 251, 1935. 

The following characters will differentiate the members of the 
tribe Chalcidini from all other members of the superfamily Chalci- 
doidea: 

Antennae 13-segmented, inserted approximately in center of frons, 
usually considerably dorsad of ventral margins of compound eyes, 
but occasionally at level of ventral margins (fig. 7, a, e, 7), never 
inserted near clypeal suture (as in fig. 7, d@); vertex not produced 
anteriorly in form of two hornlike projections (as in fig. 7, b, ¢) ; 
tegulae not extended anteriorly to, or almost to, posterior margins of 


242 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88 


pronotum, as in Leucospis (fig. 10, a) ; forewings always with a dis- 
tinct cell indicated posterior to marginal vein (fig. 6), never with an 
isolated fragment of base of M+Cu, preserved in wing, as in 
Leucospis (fig. 10, g); hindwing always with three hamuli (except 
in some species of the nigricornis group of Spilochalcis) ; metacoxae 
enlarged, long, round in cross section; metafemora enlarged, provided 
with more than one tooth on outer ventral margin (figs. 11, A-%; 12) ; 
metatibiae completely arcuate and provided with only one apical spur 
(fig. 11, 2), never incompletely arcuate and provided with two apical 
spurs, as in Haltichella (fig. 11, g) ; propodeum provided with a pair 
of slitlike spiracles (fig. 18, 6) ; abdomen distinctly petiolate, petiole 
always with a basal lamina (fig. 18, d—7), never sessile; petiole arising 
from apex of propodeum, never far up near apex of mesoscutellum; 
cerci reduced to a pair of disk-shaped setigerous sclerites, which are 
placed well in from posterior margin of epipygium (fig. 13, 7-7), 
never distinctly produced and articulated at base, as in Podagrion 
(fig. 14, 2); male genitalia (fig. 14, 0) composed of an outer mem- 
branous sheath, a sclerotized inner sheath (SA), a pair of toothed 
sagittae (Sag), and a pair of apically fused penis valves (Oe). 


KEY TO GENERA OF CHALCIDINI 


1. Female, ninth sternite concealed, antennal scape narrow______----_-______ 2 
Male, ninth sternite exposed, antennal scape broad____________--__________ 6 
2. Hypopygium produced posteriorly to or beyond apex of abdomen, 
Ovipositor arising Mear apex (figs 0s;, fs Oey) aes eee eee 3 
Hypopygium absent or very indistinct, ovipositor arising far 
FOTWALG (HS VI3 4d, Ret) Ree ee ie Bee eek e ee ee ee ee 4 


3. Metafemora with three or four large, slightly curved teeth (fig. 

11, %); anterior dorsal margin of pronotum with a lamina 
extending scompletehyai a CROSS sos a ek ee ar Metadontia 

All metafemoral teeth, except basal one, small, none curved 

(fig. 11, i, 7); anterior dorsal margin of pronotum acarinate 


TO SUD Vat Ba ie ee DS ee ee Tela eel Pe ek Chalcis 

4. Abdominal petiole long, slender, three-fourths or more length 
OL Wmetacoxa es 245 no tk tee a ea Ni ee oY ee oe eg a 5 

Petiole short, usually stout, always only one-half or less length 
Of “Meta coxa sa. eee A EE ie 2 Ug ee ee ee Spilochalcis 

5. Parapsidal furrows distinct, apex of mesoscutellum without pro- 
AXES 600) 0S |e cs aa ahr EE ere ed ln a ave i vga 2 ie ts open AU 4 wb Ceratosmicra 

Parapsidal furrows obliterated, apex of mesoscutellum with two 
Proninent, upturned projections. soe ee eee Xanthomelanus 

6. Claws of protarsi bifid at apices (fig. 11, a-f), ninth sternite of 
abdomen emarginate at apex (fig. 14, a-g) -----_------------__-__ Chalcis 

Claws of protarsi simple, ninth sternite entire or very obscurely 
MAU TI Ae Ss ee TER SESS Ne Se eee eee ee ee RE oer ee ee 7 

7. Petiole long and slender, always more than four-fifths length of 
metacoxs-th2e) orryptiquarn-et am Perna yet Tes a iiie sd arte eas 8 


THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 243 


8. Parapsidal furrows distinct, apex of mesoscutellum without pro- 
SCCHONS sete seek ewe Oe ee eee Ceratosmicra 

Parapsidal furrows obliterated, apex of mesoscutellum with two 
prominent, upturned projections________---------------~-- Xanthomelanus 

9. Procoxae, from lateral aspect, longer than wide, metafemora with 
five or six long, slightly curved teeth (fig. 11, &) --_-_--------- Metadontia 

Procoxae, from lateral aspect, as long as wide or wider than long, 

metafemora usually with no long, curved teeth, sometimes with 
GYEe (ilo an — 1) ee ee Spilochalcis 


The genus Xanthomelanus has not, so far, been found to have any 
representatives in America north of Mexico, but it is quite likely 
that some will eventually be found here. The genus has, therefore 
been included. This generic key will probably not serve for the 
segregation of Neotropical material, as I have made no intensive 
effort to discover generic characters in the available extralimita] 


material. 
Genus CHALCIS Fabricius 


Chalcis Fasricius, Mantissa insectorum..., vol. 1, p. 272, 1787 (in part).— 
Hispner, Der Naturforscher, vol. 24, p. 54, 1789.—RorMeEr, Genera insectorum, 
p. 59, 1789.—Gmetin, Systema naturae, ed. 13, vol. 1, pt. 5, p. 2742, 1790.— 
Ottivirr, Encyclopédie méthodique, vol. 5, p. 487, 1790.—Ross1, Mantissa 
insectorum, p. 126, 1792.—Panzer, Faunae insectorum Germaniae initia, vol. 
22, p. 6, 1794.—Lamarck, Systéme des animaux sans vertébres, p. 266, 1801.— 
LATREILLE, Histoire naturelle . . . des insectes, vol. 3, p. 311, 1802.—WALcKE- 
NAER, Faune Parisienne, Insectes, vol. 2, p. 77, 1802.—Fasrrctus, Systema 
piezatorum, p. 149, 1804.—LatreitLe, Histoire naturelle ... des insectes, 
vol. 13, p. 219, 1805.—Jur1nE, Nouvelle méthode de classer les hyménoptéres 
et les diptéres, p. 312, 1807 —LatTREILLE, Genera crustaceorum et insectorum, 
vol. 4, p. 25, 1809; Considérations générales . . . des insectes, pp. 303, 436, 
1810.—NEEsS AB ESENBECK, Hymenopterorum ichneumonibus afinium mono- 
graphiae .. ., vol. 2, p. 20, 18834——Westwoop, An introduction to the mod- 
ern classification of insects, p. 65, 1840.—Dumérm, Mém. Acad. Sci. Inst. 
France, vol. 31, p. 957, 1860.—PAckKARD, Guide to the study of insects. . ., p. 
208, 1872.—GAHAN and Fagan, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 124, p. 31, 1928. (Geno- 
type Sphex myrifex Sulzer [=Chrysis sispes Fabricius].) 

Smiera Sprnota, Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat., vol. 17, p. 147, 1811 (in part).—Cvunrtis, 
British entomology, vol. 3, p. 472, 18833 —WaALKER, Ent. Mag., vol. 2, p. 20, 
1835.—TASCHENBERG, Die Hymenopteren Deutschlands .. ., p. 111, 1866. 

Smicra SprnoLa, Mag. Zool., vol. 7, p. 180, 1837 (in part).—AcAssiz, Nomencla- 
tor zoologicus, p. 30, 1846.—Forster, Hymenopterologische Studien, vol. 2, 
p. 30, 1856.—TAscHENBERG, Die Hymenopteren Deutschlands..., p. 95, 
1866.—WALKER, Notes on Chalcidiae, p. 40, 1871—Cresson, Trans. Amer. 
Ent. Soce., vol. 4, p. 35, 1872. Van VOLLENHOVEN, Pinacographia, p. 47, 1880.— 
CAMERON, Biologia Centrali-Americana, Hymenoptera, vol. 1, p. 78, 1883.— 
GrrArD, Traité élémentaire d’entomologie .. ., vol. 3, p. 37, 1885. 

Smicra Spinola (sensu stricto), THomson, Hymenoptera Scandinaviae, vol. 4, 
p. 138, 1875.—Kirpy, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., vol. 17, p. 54, 1883.— 
Howakrp, Ent. Amer., vol. 1, p. 215, 1885.—ProvancHeEr, Additions et correc- 
tions 4 la faune hyménopterologique . . . Canada, p. 189, 1887.—CrREsson, 
Synopsis of the families and genera of the Hymenoptera of America north of 


244 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vob. 88 


Mexico, p. 67, 1887.—ASHMEAD, Ent. Amer., vol. 4, p. 87, 1888.—DaAtua Torre, 
Catalogus hymenopterorum..., vol. 5, p. 372, 1898.—AsHmEAD, Mem. 
Carnegie Mus., vol. 1, p. 250, 1904.—Kierrrr, Berliner Ent. Zeitschr., vol. 
49, p. 245, 1905.—ScHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera insectorum, fasc. 97, p. 30, 
1909.—VirrEckK, Connecticut Geol. and Nat. Hist. Surv. Bull. 22, p. 526, 1916. 

Description.—Legs and venter of body densely covered with short, 
hydrofuge pubescence, dorsum with longer, more scattered pubescence; 
punctation coarse; antennae 13-segmented, inserted approximately 
in center of frons; female flagellum slightly enlarged toward apex, 
male flagellum uniform in size throughout, fourth antennal segment 
always longer than any following segments; eyes relatively small, width 
of malar space usually one-half or more height of compound eye; head 
transverse when viewed from dorsal aspect; right mandible always 
with three teeth, left with two or three teeth, dorsal one always larg- 
est and longest; protarsal claws of male bifid at apex and provided 
with several large spines on basal enlargement, claws of female elon- 
gate, simple at apex, but usualiy with teeth or spines at base; prepectus 
often completely concealed, when visible, discernible as a narrow, 
tonguelike sclerite projecting between lateral margin of mesoscutum 
and mesopleuron; metacoxae long, slender, without a smooth asetose 
area on dorsal surface; forewing with cell R, narrow (fig. 6) ; gaster of 
abdomen globose, third abdominal segment usually occupying almost 
half length of gaster; ovipositor normally held nearly upright, aris- 
ing near posterior end of abdomen; female with hypopygium con- 
spicuously exserted (fig. 18, 7, g); ninth sternite of male slightly 
excavated in mesal area and emarginate at apex (fig. 14, a-g). 

Remarks.—The species of Chalcis are, where known, parasites of 
the larvae of Stratiomylidae and are to be taken only in cattail bogs 
and other such marshy habitats. Chalcis is typically northern in 
distribution, but a few specimens referable to this genus have been 
collected from mountainous localities in the subtropical and tropical 
areas. 

Henneguy * describes and figures the egg and three stages in the 
embryological development of the European species Chalcis sispes 
(Linnaeus). The egg of this species differs from that of most chalci- 
doids in having a stalk at each end, rather than only at one end. 
Bischoff ° states that the eggs of Chalcis are deposited in the egg masses 
of their stratiomyiid hosts. Hart’ has published some observations 
on the habits of some species of Chalcis in America. He observed the 
adults apparently feeding on stratiomylid eggs and reared two species 
from their larvae. 


5 Les insectes, pp. 314, 337, 1904. 
* Biologie der Hymenopteren, p. 423, 1927. 
TTllinois State Lab. Nat. Hist. Bull. 4, p. 253, 1894. 


10. 


11. 


12. 


13. 


14. 


15. 


THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 245 


KEY TO SPECIES OF CHALCIS 


. Female, hypopygium exserted (fig. 13, f, g), antennal scape 


SL CTC Crees a ee A Ne eee eee ee eres eS ee 2 
Male, ninth sternite emarginate (fig. 14, a-g), antennal scape 
BNONC Cre ite ei ol Ee A pe aie eee eee ee ee es 10 
. Metafemur with outer basal tooth much larger and longer than 
Tollowine teeth) j(tigi ail 9) se ea ee ee ee 3 
Metafemur with outer basal tooth little if any larger than 
LOW OWwan ei Leethys (ise lah. 4) ee aN ee ee ee ee 5 
HS Dorsum or thorax entirely Dlack= == a megalomis (p. 250) 
Dorsum of thorax’ with) yellowsmarkings_ 2 iil) ses er eee eee 4 
. Dorsum of pronotum with a yellow band extending completely 
across posterior margin; body sparsely setose__-_.___-__-- divisa (p. 246) 
Dorsum of pronotum with two yellow spots near lateral mar- 
gins; body densely covered with long, white setae___--_____ lasia (p. 248) 
. Apex of hypopygium isolated from eighth tergite (fig. 18, g) ------_-----__ 6 
Apex of hypopygium not isolated from eighth tergite (fig. 18, f) _---_---__ 8 
1, inner toothiof metafemur lacking!as5 w425 Sere eee ta fiebilis (p. 254) 
Inner tooth of metafemur present, large, acute________--_-_-____---__----_- 7 


. Petiole conspicuously rugose over entire surface; outer surface 


of metafemur brown or black with yellow or tan markings_ neptis (p. 251) 
Petiole reticulated only near base; outer surface of metafemur 
uniformly —brown=—2— = 2100 Ahll) eee ro ee barbara (p. 255) 


. Dorsal surface of petiole densely covered by short, irregular 


EATERY D G4 VS ce Eg NN PS a SE canadensis (p. 258) 
Dorsal surface of petiole glabrous, or nearly so; carinae, if pres- 
ent-slocatedvonly Jaterad ton petiole: 22 - = a ee ee eee 9 


. Petiole with lateral carinae; mesotibia with strong apical spur. 


microgaster (p. 259) 
Petiole without lateral carinae; mesotibial spur extremely 


MVM UG OeS. oe pte ea I Ba phoenicapoda (p. 257) 
CET ONG give) 0 yy i a I Pe ee a 2 er eat 
PeriolenDrowiMnOr DLAC Kas. 2 Sarees eNO Neer TN Oe eee 12 


Setae of body short; posterior carina of head extended dorsad 

only one-half distance from base of mandible to dorsal angle 

ofthedd (Gg 477 Wi) Se bare foe ere el ie eit let ad ed divisa (p. 246) 
Body densely covered with conspicuous, long, white setae; pos- 

terior carina of head extended to dorsal angle of head (fig. 


CGA) ese eR GENO EP a ES Sr) ee ete eee lasia (p. 248) 
Petiole conspicuously rugose, ventral surface with a strong 

longitudinal; mesal/carinaVs! 20) eee eee neptis (p. 251) 
Petiole without a mesal carina on ventral surface_______________________ 13 
Inner tooth of metafemur large, acute; frontogenal suture 

STOTT Sd Vegi Aa Or] CUR re ae RL TR aed barbara (p. 255) 
Inner tooth of metafemur minute and obscure or lacking en- 

tirely; frontogenal suture straight or lacking.______-__-__§_____-______ 14 
Antennaliscape spatulates (fie: Sid) ==" sen See eee flebilis (p. 254) 
Antennal seape not), Spatubate: © 2.202 0s ee ie eee ee ee A 15 
Antennal scape expanded near base (fig. 8, f)-_--___-____ canadensis (p. 258) 


Antennal scape nearly uniform in width throughout (fig. 8, g). 
microgaster (p. 259) 


246 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM voL. 88 


CHALCIS DIVISA (Walker) 
FIcurEs 7, h; 8, a; 14, a 


Smiera divisa WALKER, Journ. Ent., vol. 1, p. 178, 1861. 

Smicra divisa (Walker) WALKER, Notes on Chalcidiae, p. 51, 1871.—CreEsson, 
Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, p. 55, 1872.—CaMEron, Biologia Centrali- 
Americana, Hymenoptera, vol. 1, p. 96, 1884—Howarp, U. S. Dept. Agr. 
Bur. Ent. Bull. 5, p. 34, 1885.—Datzta Torre, Catalogus hymenopterorum 

.., vol. 5, p. 376, 1898—ScHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera insectorum, fase. 97, 
p. 34, 1909. 

This species is most readily recognized in the female by the trans- 
verse yellow stripe at the posterior margin of the dorsum of the 
pronotum and by the large basal tooth of the metafemur; the male 
is recognized by its long, slender, yellow petiole and the wide malar 
space, 

Description —Black with yellow markings; frons, except small 
area dorsad of clypeus, posterior dorsal margin of pronotum, tegulae, 
usually apices of profemora and mesofemora, posterolateral angles 
of mesoscutellum, base and angled dorsal and apical stripe of meta- 
femora, basal half of metatibia, and petiole, yellow; most of anterior 
and mesolegs, apices of metacoxae, disk and apex of metafemora, and 
gaster, reddish brown. 

Female: 7-8 mm. Antennae inserted ventrad of center of frons, 
scape exceeding level of posterior ocelli by one-quarter its length, ped- 
icel one-third and ring segment one-sixth length of segment 4, segment 
13 minute; margin of scrobe cavity acarinate laterad, strong trans- 
verse carinae present in scrobe cavity just ventral to anterior ocellus; 
interantennal projection with a distinct mesal carina; width of malar 
space three-fifths height of compound eye; frontogenal suture obso- 
lete; combined widths of compound eyes two-thirds interocular space 
at level of antennal bases; posterior carina of head extending from 
base of mandible to middle of posterior margin of compound eye 
(fig. 7, 2) ; head, viewed from dorsal aspect, strongly transverse with 
compound eyes protruding. 


Fiaure 7.—Heads of Chalecidini. 


a, Spilochalcis zanthostigma (Dalman): Anterior aspect. (AT, anterior 
tentorial pit; CE, compound eye; Cl, clypeus; FGS, frontogenal suture; 
FP, frontal tentorial pit; JP, interantennal projection; MS, malar space; 
Oc, ocellus; SC, scrobe cavity; W, interocellar space; X, width of com- 
pound eye; Y, height of compound eye; Z, interocular space.) 
b, c, Dirhinus texanus (Ashmead): b, Dorsal aspect; c, lateral aspect. 
d, Haltichella sp.: Anterior aspect. 
e, Spilochalcis flavopicta (Cresson): Anterior aspect. 
f, j, Spilochalcis femorata (Fabricius): f, Anterior aspect; j, lateral aspect. 
g, Spilochalcis juxta (Cresson): Lateral aspect. 
h, Chalcis divisa (Walker): Lateral aspect. 
2, Chalcis lasia, new species: Lateral aspect. 


THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS Q47 


t 


FicurE 7.—See opposite page for explanation. 


248 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88 


Anterolateral and sublateral angles of pronotum slightly produced, 
vaguely carinate; pubescence fine, inconspicuous, all setae of uniform 
length; prepectus extremely narrow, sometimes entirely concealed; 
apex of mesoscutellum provided with a narrow, mesally depressed 
lamina; outer basal tooth of metafemur large (as in fig. 11, 7), fol- 
lowed by six to eight smaller teeth, apical two or three indistinctly 
divided; inner tooth absent; apex of metatibia very slender and 
acute, long, almost reaching trochanter when tibia is folded against 
femur. 

Propodeum coarsely and irregularly carinate, large, lateral teeth 
projecting on each side of point of insertion of petiole, spiracular 
openings vertical; petiole glabrous, twice as long as wide, a pair of 
minute lateral, subbasal projections usually present; gaster usually 
equal in length to metafemur, abdominal segments 4 to 7 densely 
covered with lateral setae; eighth tergite densely setose; cerci round, 
located near posterior margin of epipygium; apex of ovipositor sheath 
provided with a few long, ventral setae; apex of hypopygium isolated 
from eighth tergite (as in fig. 13, 7). 

Male: 6.5 mm. Antennal scape broadened from base to apex (fig. 
8, a) ; outer basal tooth of metafemur no longer than following ones; 
petiole three times as long as wide; gaster slightly shorter than meta- 
femur; ninth sternite shallowly excavated on meson (fig. 14, a). 

Type locality —Mexico. 

Types.—Lectotype, male, British Museum; lectoallotype, female, 
British Museum; comparisons made by Dr. Ch. Ferriére. The abdo- 
men and hindlegs are missing from the female type. 

Host.—Unknown. 

Distribution—Anrizona: Grand Canyon, July 10, 1892, 1 female; 
July 27, 1 male. Kansas: McPherson County, July 1, 1934, C. W. 
Sabrosky, 1 female. OxtaHoma: Reagan, June 2, 1937, H. H. Ross, 
5 females, 3 males. Onrecon: Breitenbush Hot Springs, July 2, 1934, 
H. A. Scullen, 1 male. Mexico: Matamoros, August 12, 1903, W. L. 


Tower, 1 female. 
CHALCIS LASIA, new species 


FIGURES 7, i; 8, 6b; 11, a; 14, b, o 


This species is closely allied to Chalets divisa (Walker) but is most 
readily distinguished by these characters: Body elongate, narrow, con- 
spicuously covered with long, white setae of various lengths, poste- 
rior carina of head extended from base of mandible to posterodorsal 
angle of head, apical lamina of mesoscutellum not depressed on meson. 

Description.—Black with yellow markings, setae white; frons lat- 
erad of scrobe cavity, anterior and mesolegs, lateral triangular spots 
on dorsum of pronotum, two lateral spots on mesoscutellum, in fe- 


THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 249 


male two small areas at posterolateral angles of mesopraescutum, wide 
basal, dorsal, and subapical areas on outer surface of metafemur, 
basal and ventral stripe on metatibia, petiole, and transverse dorsal 
spot on male third abdominal segment, yellow; disk and apex of outer 
surface of metafemur brown or black. 

Female:8mm. Antennae inserted ventrad of center of frons, scape 
exceeding level of posterior ocelli, pedicel one-third, ring segment one- 
tenth length of segment 4, flagellar segments somewhat variable and 
asymmetrical, segment 5 usually two-thirds length of 4, last three seg- 
ments indistinctly divided; scrobe cavity deep, surface provided with 
strong transverse carinae; interantennal projection with a small, ir- 
regular anterior carina; frons densely covered with long, white pu- 
bescence; surface provided with irregular punctures and minute 
carinae; width of malar space one-half height of compound eye, 
frontogenal suture obsolete; combined widths of compound eyes three- 
quarters width of interocular space at level of antennal bases; left 
mandible with two blunt teeth, dorsal one much larger, right mandible 
with three teeth, dorsal one acute, two ventral ones blunt. 

Dorsum of thorax deeply and densely punctured, punctures some- 
what shallower on mesoscutum, pubescence very long and dense; an- 
terolateral angles of pronotum carinate, anterior dorsal margin acari- 
nate on mesal two-thirds; parapsidal grooves obscure; apical spur 
of mesotibia small; apex of mesoscutellum with a narrow lamina, 
which is not depressed on meson; metafemur densely covered by 
minute setae, outer ventral margin with 11 to 14 small, widely spaced 
teeth, basal tooth larger than others; inner tooth minute, located near 
trochanter; apex of mesotibia acute, variable in length. 

Propodeum covered with strong, irregular carinae; two basolateral 
areas minutely reticulated, almost smooth; spiracular openings 
slightly oblique; no lateral propodeal teeth present; petiole glabrous, 
two and one-half times as long as wide, lateral carinae present on 
basal one-third of petiole; gaster slightly shorter than metafemur; 
abdominal segments 3 to 7 with long lateral setae; eighth tergite 
obscurely punctured and lightly shagreened; cerci oval, located near 
anterior margin of ninth tergite; apex of hypopygium isolated from 
eighth tergite. 

Male: 7 mm. Antennal scape expanded (fig. 8, 6); frontogenal 
suture extending parallel with dorsal margin of clypeus for two- 
thirds its length, then sharply curved toward compound eye (fig. 
7, 7); combined widths of compound eyes equal to interocular space 
at level of antennal bases; protarsal claw (fig. 11, 2) with many long, 
comblike teeth; basal tooth of metafemur not larger than others; 
petiole three and one-half times as long as wide; ninth sternite (fig. 
14, 6) slightly excavated on meson. 


250 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 88 


Type locality—California. 

Types.—Holotype, female, Mojave, Calif., April 26, 1986, E. G. 
Linsley; allotype, male, Tehachapi, Calif., August 3, 1897, C. F. 
Baker; paratypes, California, 2 males, southern California, 1 male. 
Holotype and allotype deposited in the U. S. National Museum, para- 
types in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 

Host.—Unknown. 


CHALCIS MEGALOMIS, new species 
Ficure 11, 7 


This species is closely related to Chalcis divisa (Walker) but is 
most readily distinguished by the wider malar space, shorter petiole, 
and the completely black dorsum of the thorax. 

Description.—Black; two small spots on frons near bases of an- 
tennae, base of metafemur, and petiole, yellow; protibiae and meso- 
tibiae and all tarsi, wings, and gaster, brown. 

Female: 5-8 mm. Antennae inserted slightly ventrad of center of 
frons, scape exceeding, by one-fourth its length, level of posterior 
ocelli, ring segment less than one-half length of pedicel, segment 4 
one-eighth longer than 5, segments 5 to 7 equal, following ones 
shorter, except 13, which equals length of 7; a series of parallel 
transverse ridges present in scrobe cavity just ventral to anterior 
ocellus; a prominent transverse carina present on frons just ventrad 
of antennal bases; malar space two-thirds height of compound eye; 
frontogenal suture obliterated; left mandible with one large acute 
dorsal tooth and one blunt ventral tooth, right mandible with three 
nearly equal rounded teeth; diameter of posterior ocellus slightly 
less than one-half width of interocellar space. 

Dorsum of thorax covered by fine, decumbent pubescence, setae 
dense at posterolateral angles of pronotum; punctation coarse, deep; 
parapsidal grooves distinct; prepectus narrow, extending almost to 
tegula; mesotibial spur small; apex of mesoscutellum provided with 
a narrow, mesally emarginate lamina; metacoxae very slightly 
flattened on outer dorsal side at apex, pubescence dense, short; meta- 
femur densely covered by short pubescence, ventral margin with 10 
or 11 teeth, outer basal one three times as large as any others (fig. 
11, 7); imner tooth lacking; apex of metatibia long, sharp; apex of 
last segment of posterior tarsus with two long dorsal and two shorter 
lateral setae; claw long, with a very small, blunt inner tooth, basa! 
enlargement without teeth or spines, but with several long setae. 

Propodeum conspicuously carinate over entire surface; spiracular 
openings vertical; petiole glabrous, two-thirds length of metacoxa, 
a pair of small lateral projections present on each side near base; 
gaster usually slightly shorter than metafemur; third abdominal 


THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 251 


segment with a few dorsal setae, following segments uniformly cov- 
ered by moderately long setae; cerci oval, located near posterior 
margin of epipygium; ovipositor sheath with ventral margin straight, 
apex acutely pointed, a few long apical setae present on ventral side; 
hypopygium provided with a few long, lateral setae, apex isolated 
from eighth tergite (as in fig. 13, g). 

Male: Unknown. 

Type locality—Northern Illinois. 

Types.—Holotype, female, Princeton, Ill., July 2, 1936, Burks et al.; 
paratypes, Princeton, Ill., July 2, 1936, 12 females; Princeton, IIL. 
July 7, 1934, DeLong and Ross, 1 female; McHenry, Ill., July 27, 
1934, DeLong and Ross, 2 females; Boulder, Colo., University Cam- 
pus, October 2, 1917, Ada Knoale, 1 female. Holotype and 14 para- 
types deposited in Illinois State Natural History Survey collection; 
three paratypes, U. S. National Museum; one paratype, British 
Museum. 

Host.—Unknown. 


CHALCIS NEPTIS, new species 


FicurEs 8, c; 11, 0; 14, c 


This species is closely related to Chalcis divisa (Walker) but is 
distinguished by the long, narrow body, the longitudinal mesal de- 
pression of the mesopraescutum, and the conspicuously rugose petiole. 

Description —Black; two yellow spots on frons near bases of an- 
tennae; anterior and mesolegs brown, with apices of femora and 
tibiae yellow; wings brown; metafemora brown, usually with base, 
an oblique dorsal stripe, and a small ventral spot near apex, yellow. 

Female: 5-6 mm. Antennae inserted slightly ventrad of center 
of frons; apex of scape just attaining level of posterior ocelli, ring 
segment one-half length of pedicel; segment 4 one and one-half times 
the length of segment 5, segments 5 and 6 equal, following ones 
slightly shorter and equal in length, suture between 12 and 13 ob- 
scure; interantennal projection large, terminating in a carina run- 
ning halfway up scrobe cavity; width of malar space one-half height 
of compound eye; frontogenal suture extending ventrally from. com- 
pound eye for two-thirds its length, then abruptly recurved toward 
mandible; a carina extends parallel to suture near mandible, then 
curves obliquely ventrally at point where suture curves: suture and 
carina enclose a small triangular area at ventral margin of compound 
eye; left mandible with one large, blunt, dorsal tooth and a smaller, 
rounded, ventral tooth, right mandible with one sharp dorsal tooth 
and two blunt ventral ones, ventral teeth slightly curved inward; 
diameter of posterior ocellus one-third width of interocellar space. 


252 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vob. 88 


Pronotum with prominent laterodorsal tufts of pubescence; punc- 
tation of dorsum of thorax coarse, irregular; parapsidal grooves 
partly obscured posteriorly; mesopraescutum with longitudinal mesal 
depression; prepectus visible only as a small triangular sclerite at 
anterolateral angle of mesoscutum; mesoscutellum slightly emargi- 
nate at apex; mesotibial spur minute; metacoxae slender, sparsely 
covered by long pubescence; outer surface of metafemur densely 
covered by short pubescence, scattered longer setae present at base 
and on ventral margin, 14 to 16 teeth present on outer ventral mar- 
gin, basal one slightly larger; distinct, sharp inner tooth present; 
apex of metatibia long, sharp; six large apical spimes present on 
posterior tarsus; claw long, basal enlargement with several minute 
spines. : 

Propodeum conspicuously carinate, laterobasal areas with carinae 
directed obliquely from meson, two strong, lateral, subapical carinae 
present, spiracular opening vertical; petiole twice as long as wide, 
surface conspicuously covered with irregular dorsal carinae and 
rugae, two strong lateral carinae present on either side, ventral one 
becoming obsolete before reaching apex, a row of long, dense setae 
present at each lateral margin; gaster usually equal in length to 
metafemur, third abdominal segment glabrous, without setae, fol- 
lowing segments covered by short, appressed pubescence; cerci oval, 
located near anterior margin of epipygium; ovipositor sheath sinuate 
on ventral margin, apex acutely pointed and provided with a dense 
tuft of setae, some of which are long and slightly curved; hypo- 
pygium strongly exserted, apex isolated from eighth tergite (as 


in fig. 13, g). 


Figure 8.—Male antennal scapes of Chalcidini. 


a, Chalcis divisa (Walker): Mesal aspect. 

b, Chalcis lasia, new species: Mesal aspect. 

c, Chalcis neptis, new species: Mesal aspect. 

d, Chalcis flebilis (Cresson): Mesal aspect. 

e, Chalcis barbara (Cresson): Mesal aspect. 

J, Chalcis canadensis (Cresson): Mesal aspect. 
g, Chalcis microgaster Say: Mesal aspect. 

h, Spilochalcis exornata (Cresson): Mesal aspect. 
i, Spilochalcis eubule (Cresson): Mesal aspect. 
j, Spilochalcis dorsata (Cresson): Mesal aspect. 
k, Spilochalcis transitiva (Walker): Mesal aspect. 

l, m, Spilochalcis phoenica, new species: 1, Mesal aspect; m, anterior aspect. 
n, Spilochalcis nigricornis (Fabricius): Mesal aspect. 
o, Spilochaleis norioni (Cresson): Mesal aspect. 

p, Spilochalcis delicata (Cresson): Mesal aspect. 

q, Spilochalcis hirtifemora (Ashmead): Mesal aspect. 
r, Spilochaleis femorata (Fabricius): Mesal aspect. 
s, Spilochaleis igneoides (Kirby): Mesal aspect. 

t, Spilochaleis mariae (Riley): Mesal aspect. 


THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 2s 


Ficure 8.—See opposite page for explanation. 


188858—40——2 


254 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you. 88 


Male: 6 mm. Antennal scape (fig. 8, ¢); compound eyes promi- 
nent, projecting; malar space one-fourth height of compound eye; 
diameter of posterior ocellus one-half width of interocellar space; 
foretarsal claw (fig. 11, 6); metafemur with a sharp inner tooth; 
petiole three times as long as wide; ninth sternite (fig. 14, ¢). 

Type locality —Oregon. 

Types—Holotype, female, Albert Lake, Oreg., July 2, 1935, J. 
Schuh; allotype, male, Fish Trap Lake, Wash., July 8, J. M. Aldrich; 
paratypes, Maxwell, N. Mex., 1916, G. W. Barber, 1 female; Albert 
Lake, Oreg., July 2, 1935, J. Schuh, 1 female; Emery County, 
Utah, September 12, 1921, Grace O. Wiley, 1 female; Colorado, 1 
female. Holotype and allotype deposited in U. S. National Museum; 
one paratype, Cornell University; one paratype, Illinois State Nat- 
ural History Survey; one paratype, University of Minnesota; one 
paratype, American Museum of Natural History. 

Host—Unknown. 


CHALCIS FLEBILIS (Cresson) 
Ficures 8, d; 11, ec; 14, d 


Smicra jiebilis CREsson, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, pp. 35, 39, 1872.—Howakgp, 
U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull. 5, p. 34, 1885.—Cresson, Synopsis of the 
families and genera of the Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico, p. 
233, 1887.—Datia Torre, Catalogus hymenopterorum, vol. 5, p. 3877, 1898.— 
ScHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera insectorum, fase. 97, p. 35, 1909.—CrEsson, The 
Cresson types of Hymenoptera, p. 75, 1916. 

Spilochalcis flebilis (Cresson) JoHNSON, Biological survey of the Mount Desert 
region, vol. 1, p. 149, 1927. 

The femaie of this typically northern species is most easily recog- 
nized by the conspicuously exserted hypopygium, which is isolated 
from the eighth tergite and by the metafemur lacking an inner tooth; 
the male is recognized at once by the spatulate antennal scape. 

Description—Black, the pronotum and mesoscutellum of female 
occasionally with indistinct yellow spots, legs more or less red, outer 
surface of metafemur with base and a ventral spot near apex white 
or light yellow. 

Female: 4.5-6 mm. Antennae inserted in center of frons, apex of 
scape only slightly exceeding level of posterior ocelli, segment 4 
one-third longer than 5; malar space slightly more than one-half 
height of compound eye; frontogenal suture slightly curved, 
almost straight; left mandible with one large dorsal and one very 
small ventral tooth, right mandible with three teeth, two ventral 
ones small, blunt and only indistinctly divided, dorsal tooth acute. 

Prepectus narrow, apex not quite reaching tegula; mesotibial spur 
minute; outer surface of metafemur densely covered with short, fine 
pubescence, outer ventral margin with 12 to 16 minute teeth; basal 


THE TRIBE CHALCIDINSI—BUBRKS 255 


tooth only slightly larger than others; inner tooth absent: apex of 
metatibia elongate, sharp; apex of posterior tarsus with five to seven 
long setae; claws long, basal enlargement with one or two minute 
teeth. 

Propodeum thickly covered by small carinae, spiracular openings 
vertical; petiole short, only slightly more than twice as long as wide, 
surface usually roughly ridged at base, a pair of small lateral sub- 
basal projections present; cerci round, located midway between ante- 
rior and posterior margins of epipygium; apex of ovipositor sheath 
constricted and provided with several long, slightly curved ventral 
setae; hypopygium strongly exserted, isolated from eighth tergite 
(as in fig. #3, g). 

Male: 45.5mm. Antennal scape spatulate (fig. 8, d) ; apical spur 
of mesotibia well developed; foretarsal claw with a series of long 
basal spines (fig. 11, c); metafemur without an imner tooth; ninth 
sternite narrowly emarginate at apex (fig. 14, d). 

Type locality Massachusetts. 

Type.—Holotype, male, 1778, Academy of Natural Sciences of 
Philadelphia. 

Host—Unknown. 

Distribution—Connecticut, Tllinois, Maine, Massachusetts, Min- 
nesota, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Ontario. 


CHALCIS BARBARA (Cresson) 
Ficures 8 e; 11, d: 13. g; ite 


Smicra barbara Cresson, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, vol 4. pp. 37, 47, 192, 1872— 
Howagp, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull 5, p. 33, 1855.—Czzssos, Synopsis 
of the families and genera of the Hymenoptera of America north of Mex- 
ico, p. 233, 1887.—Datia Tozer, Catalogus hymenopterorum. vol. 5. p. 373. 
1898.— ScHMIEDEKNEcHT, Genera insectorum. fase 97. p 34 1909—Czzsson, 
The Cresson types of Hymenoptera. p. T4 1916. 

Smicra rufofemorata Czessox. Trans. Amer. Ent Sec, vol 4 pp 3%, 39. 191, 
1872—Howagp, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull 5, p. 35, 1855 —Cezssos, 
Synopsis of the families and genera of the Hymenoptera of America north 
of Mexico, p. 234, 1887—Datia Toeze Catalogus hymenopterorum. vol 5. 
p. 381, 1898.—SchacepeKNECHT, Genera insectorum, fase 97. pn 36. 198— 
Cgesson, The Cresson types of Hymenoptera. p 76 1916—Viresc=. Con- 
necticut Geol. and Nat. Hist. Surv. Bull 22 p. 326, 1916—Bezrros, ibid. 
voL 31, p. 326, 1920. 

The female of this species is most readily recognized by the usually 
red dorsum of the thorax, the large acute inner tooth of the meta- 
femur, and the conspicuously exserted hypopygium with the apex 
isolated from the eighth tergite; the male is always black, with the 
antennal scape uniformly expanded from base to apex, and the 
metafemur has a distinct inner tooth. 

Description—Dorsum of female more or less red. of male black: 
legs uniformly brown; abdomen varying from brown to black. 


256 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 88 


Female: 5-7.5 mm. Antennae inserted slightly ventrad of center 
of frons, apex of scape slightly exceeding level of posterior ocelli ; 
malar space one-half height of compound eye; frontogenal suture 
extending ventrad from compound eye for one-half its length, then 
deflected sharply toward mandible; left mandible with one large 
blunt tooth and one minute acute ventral one, right mandible with 
three blunt teeth, dorsal one largest. 

Prepectus narrow, bladelike, extending to tegula; mesotibial spur 
minute; outer surface of metafemur densely covered with long pubes- 
cence on ventral side, femoral teeth partly concealed by pubescence, 
outer ventral margin with 16 to 20 small teeth, basal one slightly 
larger than others; inner tooth large; apex of metatibia elongate, 
sharp; apex of posterior tarsus with three or four long spines; claw 
short and with several minute teeth on basal enlargement. 

Propodeum provided with coarse reticulations, two laterobasal 
areas sometimes almost glabrous, spiracular openings vertical; pet- 
lole twice as long as wide, surface faintly reticulated, dorsal surface 
reticulated near base, distinct lateral carinae present; gaster usually 
shorter than metafemur; cerci oval, located midway between pos- 
terior and anterior margins of epipygium; ovipositor sheath flat- 
tened, ventral margin acute, apex acute and provided with a dense 
tuft of short setae; hypopygium strongly exserted, apex isolated 
trom eighth tergite (fig. 13, 7). 

Male: 5-7 mm. Antennal scape (fig. 8, e); foretarsal claw with 
several long, comblike teeth on basal enlargement (fig. 11, d) ; meta- 
femur with distinct inner tooth; ninth sternite broadly excavated 
on meson (fig. 14, e). 

Type locality.—Texas. 

Lypes.—Holotype, female, 1790.1, Academy of Natural Sciences of 
Philadelphia; paratypes, 1790.2, Academy of Natural Sciences of 
Philadelphia, 1651, U. S. National Museum, 2 females. The male was 
described as Smicra rufofemorata Cresson from Texas; types A.N.S.P. 
No. 1779 and U.S.N.M. No. 1657. 

The species Smicra barbara Cresson was originally stated to be 
described from a male, but the types are females. As red female 
specimens agreeing with these types are uniformly found associated 
with black male specimens agreeing with the type of rufofemorata 
Cresson, they are undoubtedly the sexes of the same species, 

Host—Odontomyia sp. (Diptera, Stratiomyiidae). 

Distribution —Colorado, Tlinois, Kansas, Minnesota, New Hamp- 
shire, New Jersey, North Dakota, Texas, Wyoming. 


THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 257 


CHALCIS PHOENICAPODA, new name 


Smicra rufipes Kirsy, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., vol. 17, p. 70, 1883.— 
Cresson, Synopsis of the families and genera of the Hymenopiera of 
America north of Mexico, p. 234, 1887.—DatLa Torrp, Catalogus hymenop- 
terorum, vol. 5, p. 381, 1898—ScHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera insectorum, fase. 
97, p. 36, 1909. 

The placing of this species in the genus Chalcis makes it a sec- 
ondary homonym of Chalcis rufipes Olivier *; a new name is therefore 
necessary. 

This species is closely related to Chalcis canadensis (Cresson) but 
differs in that the left mandible has three, rather than two, teeth, and 
the petiole is three times as long as wide, completely glabrous dorsad, 
and lacks lateral carinae. 

Description.—Black, with red-brown legs. 

Female: 6.5 mm. Antennae inserted slightly ventrad of center of 
frons, apex of scape slightly exceeding level of posterior ocelli, seg- 
ment 4 of antenna one and one-half times length of 5, segments 5 to 
8 equal in length, 9 and 10 slightly shorter, 11 to 13 combined equal 
in length to 4; width of malar space one-half height of compound 
eye; frontogenal suture slightly curved, almost straight; combined 
widths of compound eyes three-fourths interocular space at level of 
antennal bases; left mandible with three blunt teeth, dorsal one 
largest. 

Dorsum of thorax uniformly covered with deep pits; anterolateral 
angles of pronotum acute, anterior dorsal margin acarinate; pre- 
pectus bladelike, extending to tegula; apex of mesoscutellum pro- 
vided with a minute, mesally depressed lamina; metacoxa glabrous, 
provided with a few inconspicuous setae; outer surface of metafemur 
minutely shagreened, ventral margin provided with 13 to 15 minute 
teeth, the basal one not larger than following teeth; inner tooth large, 
acute; claws of posterior tarsi elongate, slender, basal enlargement 
with a few minute teeth. 

Propodeum provided with three strong carinae radiating obliquely 
laterad from meson, basolateral areas minutely reticulated, spaces be- 
tween carinae glabrous, spiracular slits vertical; petiole three times 
as long as wide, surface glabrous, lateral carinae lacking, a pair of 
minute, lateral, subbasal projections present; gaster shorter than meta- 
femur, third abdominal tergite asetose, following tergites provided 
with long lateral setae; eighth tergite very lightly shagreened and 
sparsely setose; cerci located near posterior margin of epipygium; 
hypopygium with apex isolated from eighth tergite. 

Male: Unknown. 

Type locality—Georgia. 


5 Encyclopédie méthodique, vol. 5, p. 440, 1790. 


258 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vob. 88 


Types.—Cotypes, 2 females, British Museum; one cotype kindly 
lent for study by Dr. Ferriére of that institution. 
Host.—Unknown. 
Distribution —Grorcta: 1 female (cotype). Frorma: Jacksonville, 
2 females. 
CHALCIS CANADENSIS (Cresson) 
Ficures 8, f; 11, e; 14, f 


Smicra canadensis Cresson, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, pp. 35, 39, 1872.— 
Howarp, U. 8. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull. 5, p. 33, 1885.—Provancourr, Ad- 
ditions et corrections 4 la faune hyménopterologique. . . . Canada, p. 189, 
1887.—CrEsson, Synopsis of the families and genera of the Hymenoptera of 
America north of Mexico, p. 233, 1887—Da tia Torre, Catalogus hymenoptero- 
rum, vol. 5, p. 374, 1898.—ScHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera insectorum, fase. 97, p. 34, 
1909.—Cresson, The Cresson types of Hymenoptera, p. 74, 1916. 

Smicra microgaster Hart, Illinois State Lab. Nat. Hist. Bull. 4, p. 271, 1894 
(misidentification). 

This species is most readily recognized in the female by the minute 
mesotibial spur, the short rugose petiole, and the exserted hypopygium 
with the apex not isolated from the eighth tergite (as in fig. 13, f) ; the 
male is recognized at once by the basally enlarged antennal scape 
(fig. 8, 7). 

Description—Entirely black, or occasionally dark rufous; base 
of metafemora occasionally tinged with brown. 

Female: 5-5.5 mm. Antennae inserted slightly ventrad of center 
of frons, scape exceeding by one-fifth its length level of posterior 
ocelli; width of malar space slightly more than one-half height of 
compound eye; frontogenal suture almost obliterated, occasionally 
traceable near ventral margin of compound eye, a secondary carina 
usually extends from base of mandible to genal area posterior to 
compound eye; left mandible with one large, acute dorsal tooth and 
one small ventral tooth, right mandible with three equal, acute teeth. 

Prepectus narrow, bladelike, slightly broader anteriorly, apex not 
quite reaching tegula; mesotibial spur minute; outer surface of meta- 
femur densely covered with short pubescence, outer ventral margin 
with nine to twelve minute teeth, basal one slightly larger than fol- 
lowing teeth; inner tooth wanting; apex of metatibia slender, acute; 
apex of posterior tarsus provided with four to six long setae, claw 
small, basal enlargement with three minute teeth. 

Propodeum completely covered with small reticulations, these 
rugosities slightly stronger near apex, spiracular openings vertical, 
slightly constricted in middle; petiole short, less than twice as long 
as wide, surface provided with coarse, confused carinae, distinct 
lateral carinae present at base, but usually becoming obsolete before 
reaching apex; gaster usually slightly longer than metafemur; cerci 
oval, situated near posterior margin of epipygium; apex of ovipositor 
sheath produced in a long, acute point, a sparse tuft of setae present ; 


THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 259 


hypopygium exserted, apex not isolated from eighth tergite (as in 
HOLS if 

Male: 4.5-5 mm. Antennal scape expanded at base (fig. 8, /) ; 
protarsal claw with a few teeth on basal enlargement (fig. 11...e)% 
metafemur with pubescence on outer surface extremely short, inner 
tooth lacking or obscurely indicated; ninth sternite broadly excavated 
mesad (fig. 14, 7). 

Type locality —Canada. 

Type.—Holotype, female, 1783, Academy of Natural Sciences of 
Philadelphia. 

Hosts—Odontomyia vertebrata Say, Odontomyia sp. (Diptera, 
Stratiomylidae). 

Distribution —I11nots: 1 male; Algonquin, July 7-17, 1909, Nason, 
1 female, 7 males; Havana, June 30, 1897, Hart and Bronson, 3 
females, July 3, 1894; ex Odontomyia vertebrata, C. A. Hart, 1 male. 
Micuican: Washtenaw County, June 13-19, 1931, ex Odontomyia sp., 
K. C. Kuster, 2 females, 1 male. New Yor: Penn Yan, July 19, 
1925, Babiy, 1 male. Ontario: Ottawa, 1 female, 1 male. 


CHALCIS MICROGASTER Say 
Figures 8, g; 11, f, i; 18, f> 14, 9 


Chalcis microgaster Say, Long’s second expedition .. ., vol. 2, p. 326, 1824.— 
Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Philadelphia, vol. 1, p. 228, 1862.—Howakpp, U. S. 
Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull. 5, p. 86, 1885. 

Smicra microgaster (Say) CRESSON, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, pp. 35, 38, 
1872; Synopsis of the families and genera of the Hymenoptera of America 
north of Mexico, p. 233, 18387.—PROVANCHER, Additions et corrections 
A la faune hyménopterologique ... Canada, p. 189, 1887.—SmiTH, Geol. 
Surv. New Jersey, Catalogue of insects, p. 18, 1890.—Da La TorRE, Catalogus 
hymenopterorum, vol. 5, p. 379, 1898.—SmirH, Ann. Rept. New Jersey State 
Board Agr., vol. 27, suppl., p. 554, 1900.—SCHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera insec- 
torum, fase. 97, p. 35, 1909.—ViEREcK, Connecticut Geol. and Nat. Hist. Surv. 
Bull. 22, p. 526, 1916. 


This species is most easily distinguished in the female by the large 
mesotibial spur, the long, nearly glabrous petiole, and the exserted 
hypopygium not isolated from the eighth tergite (fig. 13, 7) ; the male 
is readily identified by its relatively slender antennal scape, and the 
two acutely projecting points on the posterior margin of the ninth 
sternite (fig. 14, 7). 

Description —Black, the anterior and mesolegs variegated with 
brown, base of metafemur red-brown. 

Female: 4-5 mm. Antennae inserted in center of frons, scape 
exceeding level of posterior ocelli by one-fourth its length; width of 
malar space slightly less than one-half height of compound eye; 
frontogenal suture straight, this suture often paralleled ventrally 
by a rather vague carina; left mandible with two teeth of nearly 


260 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 88 


equal size, right mandible with acute dorsal tooth and two rounded 
ventral ones. 

Prepectus narrow, bladelike, apex reaching tegula; mesotibial spur 
large; ventral half of outer surface of metafemur provided with 
dense, short pubescence, outer ventral margin with 18 to 16 teeth 
(fig. 11, 7), basal one and usually fifth to tenth larger than others; 
distinct inner tooth present; apex of metatibia narrow, acute; apex 
of posterior tarsus with four long spines, claw small, basal enlarge- 
ment without teeth, but with several long setae. 

Propodeum with two parallel, longitudinal mesal carinae, baso- 
lateral areas glabrous or almost so, spiracular openings vertical; 
petiole three times as long as wide, two-thirds length of metacoxa, 
surface almost glabrous, lateral carinae usually absent, occasionally 
present near base, a sparse row of long setae present on either lateral 
margin; gaster usually slightly longer than metafemur; cerci oval, 
located near posterior margin of epipygium, a smooth area sur- 
rounds each cercus; apex of ovipositor sheath bluntly pointed, pro- 
vided with a tuft of short setae; hypopygium exserted, apex not 
isolated from eighth tergite (fig. 18, /). 

Male: 3.5-4.5 mm. Antennal scape relatively narrow (fig. 8, 7); 
protarsal claw with many small basal teeth (fig. 11, 7); mesotibial 
spur usually small; metafemur with a small inner tooth; ninth 
sternite acutely bidentate at apex (fig. 14, g). 

Type locality—Pennsylvania. 

Types.—Cresson redescribed the male of this species in 1872, but 
the specimens at present in the Academy of Natural Sciences of 
Philadelphia labeled “Smcra microgaster” are evidently not the 
ones he had, as they do not agree with his description, and are fe- 
males. Provancher described the female in 1887; I have not seen 
his specimens. 

Host—Unknown. 

Distribution.—Illinois, Minnesota, Oklahoma, Ohio, Colne: Penn- 
sylvania, Texas, Wisconsin. 


Genus METADONTIA Ashmead 


Metadontia ASHMEAD, Ent. Amer., vol. 4, p. 87, 1888.—Datria Torre, Catalogus 
hymenopterorum, vol. 5, p. 394, 1898—AsHMEAD, Mem. Carnegie Mus., vol. 
1, p. 252, 1904.—ScHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera insectorum, fase. 97, p. 32, 1909.— 
GAHAN and Faacan, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 124, p. 87, 1923. (Genotype, 
Chalcis amoena Say [= Smicra montana Ashmead].) 

Plagiosmicra CAMERON, Invert. Pacifica, vol. 1, p. 56, 1904.—ScHMIEDEKNECHT, 
Genera insectorum, fase. 97, p. 31, 1909——GaHAN and Fagan, U. S. Nat. 
Mus. Bull. 124, p. 115, 1923. 


Description—Antennae inserted considerably ventrad of center of 
frons but dorsad of ventral margins of compound eyes; segments of 


THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 261 


flagellum stout, mostly as broad as long, segment 4 always longer than 
5; malar space narrow, always only one-third or less height of com- 
pound eye; left mandible with two teeth, right with three; pubescence 
of body long, sparse; procoxae, from lateral aspect, longer than wide; 
tarsal claws small, simple in both sexes; apical lamina of mesoscu- 
tellum very narrow and emarginate on meson; metacoxae semiglobose, 
outer dorsal surface glabrous; metafemora with several long, slender, 
slightly curved teeth on outer ventral margin; propodeum, from 
lateral aspect, strongly declivent, coarsely rugose, entirely without 
lateral projections; gaster elongate, blunt at apex (fig. 13, 7); female 
hypopygium exserted, partly isolated from eighth tergite; ninth 
sternite of male obscurely emarginate at apex. 
The single known species parasitizes pupae of Lycaenidae. 


METADONTIA AMOENA (Say) 
Fieures 11, k; 18, 7 


Chalcis amoena Say, Boston Journ. Nat. Hist., vol. 1, p. 271, 1836.—CrEsson, 
Proc. Ent. Soc. Philadelphia, vol. 1, p. 228, 1862. 

Smicra amoena (Say) WALKER, Notes on Chalcidiae, p. 51, 1871.—Crersson, 
Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, p. 58, 1872—Howarp, U. 8S. Dept. Agr. Bur. 
Ent. Bull. 5, p. 33, 1885.—Cresson, Synopsis of the families and genera of 
the Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico, p. 2383, 1887.—Datia Torre, 
Catalogus hymenopterorum, vol. 5, p. 373, 1898.—ScHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera 
insectorum, fase. 97, p. 34, 1909. 

Metadontia amoena (Say) SAnverson, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull. 56, p. 
42, 1906. 

Smicra montana ASHMEAD, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 14, p. 183, 1887.—DaLLa 
TorRE, Catalogus hymenopterorum, vol. 5, p. 379, 1898. 

Metadontia montana (Ashmead) ASHMEAD, Mem. Carnegie Mus., vol. 1, p. 252, 
1904.—ScHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera insectorum, fase. 97, p. 46, 1909.—GAHAN 
and Fagan, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 124, p. 87, 1923. 

Plagiosmicra ashmeadi CAMERON, Invert. Pacifica, vol. 1, p. 56, 1904— 
SCHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera insectorum, fase. 97, p. 44, 1909—GaAaHAN and 
Facan, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 124, p. 115, 1928. 

Octosmicra sp. REINHARD, Texas Agr. Exp. Stat. Bull. 401, p. 33, 1929. 


This species is most readily recognized by the broad compact 
thorax, the completely carinate anterior dorsal margin of the pro- 
notum, and the blunt apex of the abdomen. 

Description.—Yellow with black markings; mesal stripe in scrobe 
cavity, occipital area of head, mesopraescutum usually with two an- 
terior stripes converging to form a single mesal stripe near posterior 
margin, broad mesal areas of lobes of mesoscutum, anteromesal angles 
and posterior margins of axillae, longitudinal mesal stripe of meso- 
scutellum, variable areas of pleurae, ventral apices of metacoxae, 
metatrochanters usually, dorsal, basoventral, and apical spots on outer 
surface of metafemora, usually entire propodeum, petiole, and vari- 
able transverse dorsal bands of gaster, black. 


262 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 88 


Female: 6-7.5 mm. Apex of antennal scape just reaching level 
of posterior ocelli, flagellar segments stout; scrobe cavity deep, mar- 
gins carinate on ventral half; frons punctate laterally, glabrous or 
very faintly shagreened mesally ventrad of antennal bases, lateral 
carinae present parallel with anterior margins of compound eyes; 
interantennal projection carinate; frontal tentorial pits located dorso- 
laterad of antennal bases; width of malar space one-third height of 
compound eye; frontogenal suture straight or very slightly curved; 
left mandible with two acute teeth, right with three; combined widths 
of compound eyes equal to interocular space at level of antennal 
bases. 

Dorsum of thorax thickly covered with large punctures, pubescence 
short, white or yellow; entire anterior dorsal margin of pronotum 
carinate; prepectus extending to tegula; apex of mesoscutellum with 
a narrow, mesally depressed lamina; mesotibia with distinct apical 
spur; metepisternum punctate anteriorly, glabrous near posterior 
margin, outer dorsal surface of metacoxa slightly flattened, glabrous; 
outer surface of metafemur glabrous, setae short, sparse, outer ventral 
margin provided with seven to ten irregular teeth, four or five of 
which are long, slender, and slightly curved (fig. 11, %) ; inner tooth 
minute or lacking. 

Propodeum covered with confused carinae, spaces between carinae 
glabrous, spiracular openings vertical, much wider at top than at 
bottom; petiole glabrous, twice as long as wide, basal flange wide on 
dorsal and ventral sides and narrow laterad, lateral carinae usually 
present; gaster slightly longer than metafemur; eighth abdominal 
tergite minutely pitted, sparsely setose; cerci oval or almost round, 
located near posterior margin of epipygium; hypopygium exserted, 
apex not isolated from eighth tergite (fig. 13, 7). 

Male: 4.5-6 mm. Width of malar space one-quarter height of 
compound eye; combined widths of compound eyes slightly greater 
than width of interocular space at level of antennal bases; inner tooth 
of metafemur generally wanting, occasionally faintly indicated; 
petiole two and one-half to three times as long as wide, lateral carinae 
obscure or wanting. 

Type locality—Indiana. 

Types.—Neotype, female, Arlington, Tex., September 4, 1905, ex 
Strymon cecrops, F. C. Bishopp, deposited in the U. S. National 
Museum. Synonyms: montana Ashmead, U.S.N.M. No. 41397; 
ashmeadi Cameron, British Museum. 

The type of montana Ashmead differs from what I take for this 
species only in lacking the anteromesal yellow spot on the meso- 
praescutum, but such a character is never of specific worth in this 
group; ashmeadi Cameron differs neither in color nor in structure 
from this species. 


THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 263 


Hosts.—Strymon melinus (Hibner), Strymon cecrops (Fabricius), 
Thecla sp. (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae). 

Distribution —Arizona, Arkansas, California, District of Columbia, 
Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Kansas, Missouri, North Carolina, Tennes- 
see, Texas, Virginia. 

Guatemala, Nicaragua, Trinidad, B. W. I. 


Genus SPILOCHALCIS Thomson 


Chalcis Fasricrus, Mantissa insectorum ..., vol. 1, p. 272, 1787 (in part).— 
WEstTWoop, An introduction to the modern classification of insects, p. 65, 
1840.—PackaArD, Guide to the study of insects . . ., p. 205, 1872. 

Smiera Sprnota, Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat., vol. 17, p. 147, 1811 (in part).—WaALKER, 
Ent. Mag., vol. 2, p. 20, 1835. 

Smicra SPrnota, Mag. Zool., vol. 7, p. 180, 1887 (in part).—WaALKER, Notes on 
Chalcidiae, p. 40, 1871.—CrrEsson, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, p. 35, 1872; 
Biologia Centrali-Americana, Hymenoptera, vol. 1, p. 78, 1883. 

Conura, “Conurae smicriformes,” “Conurae chalcidiformes”*® S1cHEeL, Ann. Soc. 
Ent. France, ser. 4, vol. 5, p. 347, 1865. 

Phasganophora “Phasganophorae smicriformes’’® SIcHEL, ibid. p. 348. 

Spilochalcis THomMsoNn, Hymenoptera Scandinaviae, vol. 4, p. 15, 1875.—Kuirsy, 
Journ. Linn. Soe. London, Zool., vol. 17, p. 55, 1888.—Howarp, U. 8. Dept. 
Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull. 5, p. 3, 1885; Ent. Amer., vol. 1, p. 215, 1886.—CREssoN, 
Synopsis of the families and genera of the Hymenoptera of America north 
of Mexico, p. 67, 1887—ASHMEAD, Ent. Amer., vol. 4, p. 87, 1888.—DaLLa 
Torre, Catalogus hymenopterorum, vol. 5, p. 384, 1898.—AsHMEAD, Mem. 
Carnegie Mus., vol. 1, p. 250, 1904—ScHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera insectorum, 
fase. 97, p. 30, 1909.—VirrEcK, Connecticut Geol. and Nat. Hist. Surv. Bull. 
22, p. 527, 1916.—GaHAw and Faaan, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 124, p. 185, 1923.— 
Mant, Ree. Indian Mus., vol. 37, p. 251, 19385. (Genotype, Chaicis rantho- 
stigma Dalman.) 

Spilosmicra CAMERON, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 35, p. 422, 1910. 

Diplodontia ASHMEAD, Ent. Amer., vol. 4, p. 87, 1888—DALLA Torre, Catalogus 
hymenopterorum, vol 5, p. 394, 1898—AsHMEAD, Mem. Carnegie Mus., vol. 
1, p. 252, 1904.—ScHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera insectorum, fase. 97, p. 32, 1909.— 
GAHAN and Fagan, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 124, p. 47, 1923. 

Eustypiura ASHMEAD, Mem. Carnegie Mus., vol. 1, p. 251, 1904.—ScHMIEDE- 
KNECHT, Genera insectorum, fase. 97, p. 30, 1909.—GaAHAN and Faa@an, U. S. 
Nat. Mus. Bull. 124, p. 64, 1928. 

Enneasmicra ASHMEAD, Mem. Carnegie Mus., vol. 1, p. 252, 1904.—ScHMIEDE- 
KNECHT, Genera insectorum, fase. 97, p. 31, 1909.—GAHAN and Fagan, U. S. 
Nat. Mus. Bull. 124, p. 51, 1923. 

Octosmicra ASHMEAD, Mem. Carnegie Mus., vol. 1, p. 252, 1904.—ScHMIEDE- 
KNECHT, Genera insectorum, fase. 97, p. 31, 1909.—GaAaHAN and Faaan, U. 8. 
Nat Mus. Bull. 124, p. 98, 1928. 

Heptasmicra ASHMEAD, Mem. Carnegie Mus., vol. 1, p. 252, 1904.—ScHMIEDE- 
KNECHT, Genera insectorum, fase. 97, p. 31, 1909.—GaHaAN and Fagan, U. S. 
Nat. Mus. Bull. 124, p. 70, 1928. 

Hexasmicra ASHMEAD, Mem. Carnegie Mus., vol. 1, p. 252, 1904——ScHMIEDE- 
KNECHT, Genera insectorum, fase. 97, p. 32, 1909-—GaHaAN and Fagan, U. S. 
Nat. Mus. Bull. 124, p. 71, 1923. 


® These names have priority over Spilochalcis but are not binomial. 


264 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vob. 88 


Pentasmicra, ASHMEAD, Mem. Carnegie Mus., vol. 1, p. 252, 1904.—ScuMmiInpE- 
KNECHT, Genera insectorum, fase. 97, p. 32, 1909.—GAHAN and Fagan, U. 8. 
Nat. Mus. Bull. 124, p. 112, 1928. 

Tetrasmicra ASHMEAD, Mem. Carnegie Mus., vol. 1, p. 252, 1904.—ScHMIEDE- 
KNECHT, Genera insectorum, fase. 97, p. 382, 1809.—GAuHAN and Fagan, U. 8. 
Nat. Mus. Bull. 124, p. 148, 1923. 

Trismicra ASHMEAD, Mem. Carnegie Mus., vol. 1, p. 252, 1904.—ScHMIEDE- 
KNECHT, Genera insectorum, fase. 97, p. 32, 1909 —GAHAN and Fagan, U. 8. 
Nat. Mus. Bull 124, p. 149, 1923. 

Description—Antennae inserted ventrad of center of frons; 
antennal scape of male more or less broadened, scape of female slender ; 
flagellar segments varying from stout to slender; left mandible 
typically with two teeth, occasionally with three, right mandible 
usually with three teeth, although division of two ventral ones may 
be obscure; anterior dorsal margin of pronotum never completely 
carinate; mesoscutellum provided with an apical lamina, this lamina, 
in most species, emarginate on meson; protarsal claws never bifid at 
apex, basal enlargement with or without small teeth; metatibia with 
distinct apical spine; metacoxae slightly flattened and asetose on 
outer dorsal surface; metafemur with 3 to 28 teeth on outer ventral 
margin; petiole varying from shorter than wide to three and one- 
half times as long as wide; ovipositor arising far forward, female 
abdomen always more or less acuminate; ninth sternite of male never 
emarginate at apex, occasionally slightly excavated on meson. 

All the species of this genus that have been reared are parasites of 
the pupae of Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, or, rarely, 
cyclorrhaphous Diptera. The genotype, the European species 
Spilochalcis xanthostigma (Dalman), was stated by Walker* to 
parasitize a sawfly of the genus Hylotoma [=Arge of present-day 
usage |. 

KEY TO GROUPS OF SPECIES OF SPILOCHALCIS 


1. Apex of mesoscutellum bidentate (fig. 10, e); both mandibles 


WithvonbyieyO ube timers eee es Oe ead transitiva group (p. 265) 
Apex of mesoscutellum not bidentate (fig. 10, 0) ; right mandible 
always: with three teethin 2. ae ad ee ee 2 


2. Frontogenal suture wanting, clypeus only slightly wider than 
long (fig. 7, e) ; antennal sockets often on a line with ventral 
MALTS TOL g COMO OUT Chey CS eee side group (p. 326) 
Frontogenal suture present, clypeus always at least twice as 
wide as long (fig. 7, a, f) ; antennal sockets always dorsad of 


yentral margins. of compound ieyess 222. is ee ee eee 3 
3. Antennal scape short, apex never reaching level of ventral mar- 
PIN OL ACEO“ OCC Se xanthostigma group (p. 307) 
Antennal scape long, apex at least reaching level of vertex, usually 
markedivyiexceeding leveliOt svett exe ee es Se ee 4 


10 Wnt. Mag., vol. 3, p. 22, 1835. 


THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 265 


4, Metanotum and propodeum uniformly and densely covered with 
long setae; abdomen strongly compressed__--~_ nigricornis group (p. 278) 

Metanotum sparsely setoSe, propodeum usually with only a few 

setae at lateral margins, disk of propodeum always entirely 
without setae; abdomen not compressed__---_-~~_ femorata group (p. 291) 
These groupings of species have been made solely for convenience 
in their treatment. The groups are not sufficiently distinct to be 
considered as separate genera, for when specimens from the Neo- 
tropical area are studied intergrades are to be found between these 

groups. 
The transitiva Group 


All the members of the ¢transitiva group have distinct lateral 
carinae on the frons parallel to the anterior margins of the compound 
eyes; the scrobe cavity is deep and the margins are distinctly cari- 
nate; the malar space is quite narrow, one-third or less the height 
of the compound eye; the metafemora have, with one exception, only 
four teeth; one species has (see fig. 12, ¢) acquired one or two addi- 
tional small teeth near the base, and the large apical tooth is rather 
indistinctly subdivided. 

The transitiva group includes those members of the genus that may 
be considered the most primitive. The genus Splochalcis is un- 
doubtedly derived from some ancestral form having slender meta- 
femora. A few large teeth were probably developed first on the 
ventral margin, and later these large teeth were replaced by a num- 
ber of smaller ones; at the same time, the femora gradually became 
much thickened. One species of this group, S. ewornata (Cresson), 
has rather slender metafemora and four large teeth (fig. 12, a). In 
other species the gradual increase in width of the metafemur can be 
seen (fig. 12, b-d), and in S. phoenica described below and the extra- 
limital species S. compactilis (Cresson), the transition to a form with 
many small teeth can be seen. In these two species the addition of 
small teeth at the base and the beginning of the subdividing of the 
large apical tooth have occurred (fig. 12, e). 


KEY TO SPECIES OF THE TRANSITIVA GROUP 


1. Outer basal tooth of metafemur larger and longer than others 


(CRE NDyy)  sae  A een  sge aa Dae e eubule (p. 269) 

Outer basal tooth of metafemur not larger than others________--____--____ 2 

2. Metafemur elongate, narrow (fig. 12, @)-----------____ exornata (p. 266) 

Metatemur semizlobose (fig. 2 G—e) a eae 3 

3. Outer ventral margin of metafemur with only four teeth__________________ “ 
Outer ventral margin of metafemur with six or seven teeth, api- 

calsonestobscure i(figh 1256) ee phoenica (p. 276) 

4. Outer basal tooth of metafemur small (fig. 12, c) _________ dorsata (p. 272) 


Outer basal tooth of metafemur large (fig. 12, d)___-____ transitiva (p. 274) 


266 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vob. 88 


SPILOCHALCIS EXORNATA (Cresson) 
Figures 8, h; 12, a 


Smicra exornata Cresson, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, pp. 38, 50, 1872.— 
CAMERON, Biologia Centrali-Americana, Hymenoptera, vol. 1, p. 81, 1884.— 
Howarp, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull. 5, p. 34, 1885.—Datia Torre, Cata- 
logus hymenopterorum, vol. 5, p. 376, 1898.—ScHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera insec- 
torum, fase. 97, p. 35, 1909.—CrEsson, The Cresson types of Hymenoptera, p. 
75, 1916. 

This slender yellow-and-black species is most easily recognized by 
its almost completely glabrous frons and its elongate, slender meta- 
femora, with only four teeth on the outer ventral margin (fig. 12, a). 

Description —Yellow or red with black markings; antennal flagel- 
lum usually darker toward apex; mesopraescutum with a T-shaped 
mark, mesal margins of lobes of mesoscutum, axillae on mesal half, 
mesoscutellum usually with a longitudinal mesal line, and apex, apices 
of metacoxae, and three spots on metafemur, black. 

Female: 6-7 mm. Antennal scape strongly curved near base, apex 
reaching level of ventral margin of anterior ocellus, pedicel slightly 
less than one-half length of segment 4, rmg segment one-sixth length 
of 4, segment 4 one-eighth longer than 5, segments 5 to 10 equal, last 
three segments indistinctly separated, penultimate segment shortest; 
scrobe cavity with margin feebly carinate; interantennal projection 
with a thin, anterior lamina; lateral carinae completely encircling 
compound eyes; frons usually without punctures, sometimes with a 


Ficure 9.—Male antennal structures of Chalcidini (all mesal aspect). 


a, Spilochalcis clora, new species: Scape. 
b, Spilochalcis phais, new species: Scape. 

c, Spilochalcis tanais, new species: Scape. 
d, Spilochalcis juxta (Cresson): Scape. 

e, Spilochalcis arcana (Cresson): Scape. 
f, Spilochalcis lecta (Cresson): Scape. 
g, Spilochalcis melana, new species: Scape. 
h, Spilochalcis odoniotae Howard: Scape. 
i, Spilochalcis subobsoleta (Cresson): Scape. 
j, Spilochalcis pallipes (Smith): Scape. 
Spilochalcis dema, new species: Scape. 

l, Spilochalcis flavopicta (Cresson): Seape and pedicel. 
m, Spilochalcis side (Walker): Scape and pedicel. 

n, Spilochalcis leptis, new species: Scape and pedicel. 
0, Spilochalcis delumbis (Cresson): Scape and pedicel. 
p, Ceratosmicra delilis (Say): Scape. 

q, Ceratosmicra meteori, new name: Scape. 

r, Ceratosmicra paya, new species: Scape. 

s, Ceratosmicra immaculata (Cresson): Scape. 

t, Spilochalcis igneoides (Kirby): Pedicel, ring segment, and segment 4. 
u, Spilochalcis mariae (Riley): Pedicel, ring segment, and segment 4. 


~ 


~ 


oe 


THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 267 


Aaah ss 
ae Ses) 


FiaurE 9.—See opposite page for explanation. 


268 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 88 


few scattered ones and with a few indistinct oblique carinae ventrad 
of antennal bases; frontal tentorial pits located at margins of com- 
pound eyes, slightly dorsad of level of antennal bases; width of malar 
space slightly less than one-third height of compound eye; fronto- 
genal suture extending transversely from compound eye to dorsal 
articulation of mandible; combined widths of compound eyes greater 
by one-third than width of interocular space at level of antennal 
bases; diameter of posterior ocellus one-half width of interocellar 
space. 

Dorsum of thorax coarsely pitted, uniformly covered by long 
yellowish setae; anterolateral angles of pronotum strongly produced ; 
anterior dorsal carina interrupted on mesal one-third; parapsidal 
furrows partly obliterated; prepectus usually completely hidden by 
anterior projection of lateral margin of mesoscutum; apex of 
mesoscutellum strongly bidentate, the projections slightly upturned 
and a small dorsal carina present on each; metepisternum covered 
by large, shallow punctures, areas between punctures minutely 
reticulated; metacoxae glabrous, covered, except on outer dorsal 
side, by long, fine setae; metafemora (fig. 12, @) narrow, glabrous, 
scatteringly covered by setae of various lengths, outer ventral basal 
tooth nearly as long as following ones, a minute tooth often present 
between basal and second tooth; second and third teeth long, narrow, 
acute, apical tooth large, blunt; inner tooth wanting; metatibia with 
apical spine long, acutely pointed. 

Propodeum with only a few long, lateral setae, and a patch of 
short setae on each side near base; carinae few, often partly or 
completely obliterated near base and on disk; one strong roundly 
blunted lateral tooth present on either side of point of insertion of 
petiole, spiracular opening slanted obliquely laterad; petiole glab- 
rous, basal lamina present only on ventral and lateral sides, lateral 
carinae wanting, a few lateral setae present near apex; gaster usually 
slightly shorter than metafemur; abdominal tergites 3 to 7 with a 
few scattered lateral setae; eighth tergite faintly reticulated, sparsely 
covered by long setae; spiracular openings round; cercus obovate, 
located midway between anterior and posterior margins of epipy- 
gium; apex of ovipositor sheath provided with long ventral setae. 

Male: 6 mm. Antennal scape (fig. 8, 2) uniformly broad from 
base to apex; combined widths of compound eyes equal to inter- 
ocular space at level of antennal bases; inner tooth of metafemur 
wanting; gaster usually slightly larger than metafemur. 

Type locality —Mexico. 

Types.—Holotype, male, 1817.1; allotype, female, 1817.2; para- 
types, 1817.3, 1817.4, 2 males: Academy of Natural Sciences of 
Philadelphia. 


THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 269 


Host—(?) Mimorista  flavidissimalis Grote (Lepidoptera, 
Pyralidae). 

Distribution—Terxas: Brownsville, November 21-December 17, 
1910, 2 females, 3 males, November 19-25, 1911, 3 females, January 
18, 1923, T. C. Barber, 1 female; Uvalde, June 1921, ex Mimorista 
flavidissimalis (?), J. C. Hamlin, 1 female. 

Mexico: Sumichrast, 1 female, 1 male (allotype and holotype), 2 
males (paratypes). 

Honpvuras: La Ceiba, April 14, 1917, F. J. Dyar, 1 female. 


SPILOCHALCIS EUBULE (Cresson) 
Ficures 8, i; 12, b 


Smiera eubule Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Philadelphia, vol. 4, p. 93, 1865; The 
Cresson types of Hymenoptera, p. 74, 1916.—WotcorT, Journ. Dept. Agr. 
Puerto Rico, vol. 7, p. 61, 1924; Journ. Agr. Univ. Puerto Rico, vol. 20, p. 
537, 1936. 

Smicra eubule (Cresson) WALKER, Notes on Chalcidiae, p. 51, 1871.—Cresson, 
Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, pp. 37, 49, 1872.—Howarp, U. S. Dept. Agr. 
Bur. Ent. Bull. 5, p. 34, 1885.—DaAtita Torre, Catalogus hymenopterorum, 
vol. 5, p. 376, 1898——AsHMEaD, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, vol. 48, p. 336, 
1900.—ScHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera insectorum, fase. 97, p. 35, 1909. 

This large species is most readily distinguished by the very narrow 
malar space, the antennae inserted low on the frons, but well above 
the ventral margins of the compound eyes, and the metafemur having 
only four teeth, the basal one of which is larger than the others. 

Description.—Red, light brown, or yellow with dark brown mark- 
ings; small dorsal spots near lateral margins of pronotum, center 
of mesopraescutum and mesal margins of lobes of mesoscutum, axil- 
lae, mesal stripe and apex of mesoscutellum, apices of metacoxae, 
dorsal and variable ventral stripes on outer side of metafemora, and 
most of abdomen, usually dark; apical half of wings slightly darker 
than basal half. 

Female: 8-10 mm. Antennal scape short, stout, markedly ex- 
panded at apex, reaching to level of ventral margin of anterior ocel- 
lus, pedicel slightly less than one-half length of segment 4, ring seg- 
ment one-tenth or less length of fourth segment, segment 4 slightly 
longer than 5, segments 5 to 10 nearly equal, tapering slightly, seg- 
ment 11 slightly wider at base than 10, 12 and 13 shorter, narrow; 
scrobe cavity deep, smooth, margin carinate, this margin enclosing 
anterior ocellus; interantennal projection provided with a large, thin, 
anterior lamina; frons scatteringly punctured laterad of scrobe 
cavity, almost glabrous ventrad of antennal bases; anterior tentorial 
pits located near margin of compound eyes, slightly dorsad of level 
of antennal bases; lateral carinae present on frons laterad of scrobe 
cavity; malar space one-eighth height of compound eye; combined 

188858—40——3 


270 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88 


widths of compound eyes slightly greater than interocular width at 
level of antennal bases; diameter of posterior ocellus two-thirds width 
of interocellar space. 

Dorsum of thorax coarsely punctate, pubescence long, yellow or 
white; anterior margins or pronotum strongly carinate laterad, 
anterior dorsal carina narrowly interrupted on meson; prepectus 
small, not reaching tegula; mesoscutellum with a small mesal notch 
on anterior margin, apex conspicuously bidentate, these projections 
sharp, slightly converging; metepisternum strongly punctured, pro- 
vided with a few scattered setae; metacoxa glabrous, sparsely setose 
on outer ventral side; metafemur (fig. 12,6) glabrous, sparsely setose, 
outer basal ventral tooth large, second and third teeth long, slender, 
apical tooth blunt; inner tooth wanting; metatibia with apical spine 
sharp, narrow, slightly curved. 

Propodeum setose, strongly carinate, prominent lateral teeth present 
at posterolateral angle of propodeum, spiracular openings nearly 
vertical; petiole short, stout, glabrous, lateral carinae wanting; basal 
lamina wide on ventral side; gaster slightly longer than metacoxa, 
abdominal segments 3 to 7 with lateral setae; spiracular openings on 
eighth tergite large, anterior margins straight; eighth tergite glabrous, 
without setae; cercus small, nearly round, located midway between 
anterior and posterior margins of epipygium; ovipositor sheath setose 
at apex. 

Male: 8 mm. Antennal scape broad (fig. 8, 7), inner tooth of meta- 
femur absent; metatibia with apex usually slightly blunted. 

Type locality.—Cuba. 


Figure 10.—Thoracic structures and wings of Chalcidini. 


a 


, Leucospis dorsigera Fabricius: Thorax, lateral aspect. (MEp, mesoepime- 
ron; MEps, mesoepisternum; MPs, mesopraescutum; MS, mesoscutum; 
MSc, mesoscutellum; MtEps, metepisternum; MW, forewing; Pn, pro- 
notum; Pr, propodeum; Sp, spiracle; Tg, tegula.) 

b, Spilochalcis tanais, new species: Thorax, dorsal aspect. (Az, axilla; Pa, 
parapsidal furrow; Pn, pronotum; MPs, mesopraescutum; Ms, meso- 
scutum; Msc, mesoscutellum; SSC, scutoscutellar suture; 7, transscutal 
suture.) 

c, Spilochalcis apaiis, new species: Thorax, dorsal aspect. 

Ceratosmicra paya, new species: Thorax, dorsal aspect. 

e, Spilochalcis dorsata (Cresson): Mesoscutellum, dorsal aspect. 

f, Ceratosmicra meteori, new name: Thorax, dorsal aspect. 

Leucospis affinis Say: Forewing. (C, costal vein; Cu, cubital vein; M, 
medial vein; Mv, marginal vein; R, radial vein; Rs, radial sector; Rs, 
anterior branch of radial sector; Sc, subcostal vein; St, stigmal vein.) 

h, Spilochalcis delicata (Cresson): Stigmal vein. 

i, Spilochalcis nigricornis (Fabricius): Hamuli. 

j, Spilochalcis nortoni (Cresson): Hamuli. 

k, Spilochalcis mariae (Riley): Stigmal vein. 


& 


= 


THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS a7) 


2 j k 


FIguRE 10.—See opposite page for explanation. 


272 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 88 


Types.—Holotype, female, 1814.1; allotype, male, 1814.2; paratype, 
1814.3, 1 female: Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 

Host—Catopsilia eubule (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera, Pieridae). 

Distribution —Gerorata: Bainbridge, July 15, 1919, J. C. Bradley, 
1 female; DeWitt, July 22, 1912, M. D. Leonard, 1 female. 

Cupa: 134, ex Catopsilia eubule, 2 females, 1 male (types) ; Guan- 
tanamo, 1 male. 

Hartt: July 5, 19381, M. Kislink, 1 female. 

Puerto Rico: Aibonito, July 14, 1914; 1 female; Arecibo, March 13, 
1934, Anderson and Mills, 1 male; Ponce, August 19, 1932, Bofill and 
Oakley, 1 male; Santa Rita, 1915, 2 females. 


SPILOCHALCIS DORSATA (Cresson) 
Ficures 8, j; 10, e; 12, ¢ 


Smicra dorsata Cresson, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, pp. 37, 49, 192, 1872.— 
Howaprp, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull. 5, p. 34, 1885.—Cresson, Synopsis of 
the families and genera of the Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico, 
p. 233, 1887.—Datita Torre, Catalogus hymenopterorum, vol. 5, p. 376, 
1898.—ScCHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera insectorum, fase. 97, p. 34, 1909.—CrEsSoN, 
The Cresson types of Hymenoptera, p. 74, 1916. 

Spilochalcis missouriensis Howarb, U. 8S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull. 5, pp. 6, 35, 
1885.—DaLLa Torre, Catalogus hymenopterorum, vol. 5, p. 385, 1898.— 
SCHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera insectorum, fasc. 97, p. 40, 1909. 

Smicra missouriensis (Howard) Cresson, Synopsis of the families and genera 
of the Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico, p. 234, 1887. 

This yellow, or red, and black species is most easily recognized by 
its large compound eyes, the widely spaced apical projections of 
the mesoscutellum, and the semiglobose metafemora with only four 
outer ventral teeth, the basal one minute. 

Description —yY ellow or red with black markings; mesopraescutum 
except lateral and posterior margins, mesal margins of lobes of 
mesoscutum, mesal halves of axillae, anterior margin of mesoscu- 
tellum, apices of metacoxae, three small marks on outer side of meta- 
femora, most or all of propodeum, and usually petiole, black; 
markings of mesopraescutum vary considerably. 

Female: 5-6 mm. Apex of antennal scape not quite reaching 
level of ventral margin of anterior ocellus; pedicel two-fifths and 
ring segment one-fifth length of segment 4, 5 slightly shorter than 4; 
segments 5 to 10 equal, 11 slightly shorter, 12 shorter than 11, 13 
equal to 11; scrobe cavity deep, marginal carina vague except ven- 
trally; interantennal projection provided with a thin anterior 
lamina; lateral carinae usually completely encircling compound eyes, 
sometimes interrupted on vertex; frons scatteringly punctured ex- 
cept dorsad of clypeus; frontal tentorial pits located at margins of 
compound eyes at level of antennal bases; width of malar space 


THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 2% 


one-third height of compound eye; frontogenal suture extending 
transversely from compound eye to dorsal articulation of mandible; 
combined widths of compound eyes one-half greater than width of 
interocular space at level of antennal bases; diameter of posterior 
ocellus one-half interocellar width. 

Dorsum of thorax coarsely punctured, anterolateral angles of pro- 
notum strongly carinate, almost laminate, anterior dorsal margin 
with carina interrupted on mesal one-quarter; parapsidal furrows 
partly obliterated; prepectus entirely concealed by a hooklike projec- 
tion of anterodorsal angle of mesoscutum; mesoscutellum bidentate 
at apex, these projections small, upturned, usually acutely pointed; 
metepisternum conspicuously pitted, densely covered by long setae; 
metacoxae glabrous, setose except on outer dorsal side; metafemora 
(fig. 12, c) glabrous, rather sparsely covered by short pubescence, 
semiglobose, outer ventral basal tooth one-fourth to one-third size 
of following teeth, second and third teeth long, slender, slightly 
curved, apical tooth large, blunt; inner tooth wanting; metatibia 
with apex long, sharp, slightly curved. 

Propodeum sparsely covered by long pubescence, conspicuously 
carinate; two lateral teeth present on either side, one rather blunt, 
upturned, located at each posterolateral angle, others on either side 
of insertion of petiole, spiracular openings nearly vertical; petiole 
glabrous, slightly less than three times as long as wide at widest 
point, several long setae present on each lateral margin near base, 
lateral carinae lacking, basal lamina broad on ventral side, indis- 
tinct or wanting on dorsal side; gaster shorter than metafemur; 
abdominal tergites 3 to 7 with sparse lateral setae; eighth tergite very 
faintly reticulated, sparsely covered by short setae; spiracular open- 
ings with anterior margins straight; cerci oval, located near anterior 
margin of epipygium; apices of ovipositor sheaths provided with long 
setae on ventral side. 

Male: 4.5-5 mm. Antennal scape (fig. 8, 7) slightly broader at 
apex than base; combined widths of compound eyes one-third greater 
than interocular space at level of antennal bases; inner tooth of 
metafemur wanting; petiole three times as long as wide. 

Type locality.—Texas. 

Types.—Holotype, female, 1791, Academy of Natural Sciences of 
Philadelphia. Synonym: méssouriensis Howard, U.S.N.M. No. 2622. 

The type of S. missouriensis Howard differs from the type of 8. 
dorsata (Cresson) only in being red instead of yellow. 

Host—Unknown. 

Distribution —F lorida, Illinois, Kansas, Missouri, North Carolina, 
Texas. 


274 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 88 


SPILOCHALCIS TRANSITIVA (Walker) 
Figures 8, k; 12, d 


Smiera transitiva WALKER, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, vol. 20, pp. 845, 371, 1862. 

Smicra transitiva (Walker) WALKER, Notes on Chalcidiae, p. 51, 1871.—Crxs- 
son, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, p. 57, 1872.—Kirsy, Journ. Linn. Soc. 
London, Zool., vol. 17, p. 66, 1883.—Howarp, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull. 
5, p. 386, 1885.—Cresson, Synopsis of the families and genera of the Hy- 
menoptera of America north of Mexico, p. 234, 1887. 

Spilochalcis transitiva (Walker) Howarp, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., vol. 
26, p. 180, 1896—DatLta Torre, Catalogus hymenopterorum, vol. 5, p. 385, 
1898.—ASHMEAD, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, vol. 48, p. 336, 1900.—ScHMIEDE- 
KNECHT, Genera insectorum, fase. 97, p. 41, 1909. 

Smiera pulchra Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Philadelphia, vol. 4, p. 94, 1865; The 
Cresson types of Hymenoptera, p. 76, 1916. 

Smicra pulchra (Cresson) WALKER, Notes on Chalcidiae, p. 51, 1871.—Cresson, 
Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, pp. 38, 50, 1872.—CamgEron, Biologia Centrali- 
Americana, Hymenoptera, vol. 1, p. 79, 1888.—Howarp, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. 
Ent. Bull. 5, p. 35, 1885.—ASHMEAD, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 18, p. 125, 
1886.—CrESSON, Synopsis of the families and genera of the Hymenoptera 
of America north of Mexico, p. 284, 1887. 

This yellow, or red, and black species is very close to S. dorsata 
(Cresson) but differs most obviously in having the basal outer ventral 
tooth of the metafemur large rather than minute. 

Description—Yellow or red with black markings; scrobe cavity 
usually, occipital area of head, most of mesopraescutum, mesal 
angles of axillae, anterior margin of mesoscutellum, apices of meta- 
coxae, three spots on outer surface of metafemora, entire propodeum, 
and sometimes part of gaster, black; darkened area of mesopraescu- 
tum usually interrupted so as to produce two anterior squares and a 
posterior rectangular yellow area. 

Female: 5-6.5 mm. Antennal scape short and stout, apex not 
quite reaching level of ventral margin of anterior ocellus, pedicel 
one-half, and ring segment one-sixth length of segment 4, segment 5 
shghtly shorter than 4, segments 5 to 11 equal, 12 and 18 narrower 
and shorter; scrobe cavity deep, marginal carina vague ventrad; 
interantennal projection provided with a conspicuous anterior lamina; 
lateral carinae of frons extending from near frontogenal suture to 
level of anterior ocellus; frons scatteringly punctured except on mesal 
area ventrad of antennal bases; frontal tentorial pits located near 
anterior margins of compound eyes and slightly ventrad of level 
of antennal bases; malar space one-fourth height of compound eye; 
frontogenal suture slightly curved, extending transversely from com- 
pound eye to dorsal articulation of mandible; combined widths of 
compound eyes slightly greater than width of interocular space at 
level of antennal bases; diameter of posterior ocellus slightly less than 
one-half width of interocellar space. 


THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 275 


Dorsum of thorax coarsely punctured; anterolateral angles of pro- 
notum strongly carinate, carina of anterior dorsal margin interrupted 
on meson; parapsidal furrows partly obliterated; prepectus entirely 
concealed by a hooklike projection of anterolateral angle of the meso- 
scutum; mesoscutellum bidentate, these projections blunt, slightly 
converging, and upturned; metepisternum conspicuously punctured, 
densely setose; metacoxae entirely glabrous, covered by long, fine 
setae except on outer dorsal side; metafemora (fig. 12, d) glabrous, 
basal outer ventral tooth nearly as long as following teeth, second and 
third tooth long, narrow, acute, apical tooth blunt; inner tooth want- 
ing; metatibia with apex long, lanceolate, slightly curved. 

Propodeum sparsely setose, conspicuously carinate, two prominent 
lateral projections present on each side, one, long and slender and 
directed slightly dorsally, located at each posterolateral angle of 
propodeum, the other smaller, located near point of insertion of 
petiole, spiracular openings nearly vertical; petiole glabrous, slender, 
nearly three times as long as wide at widest point, basal lamina wide 
on ventral side, lacking on dorsal side, a few long, scattered setae 
present on each lateral margin; gaster usually seven-eighths length 
of metafemur; abdominal tergites 3 to 7 with long, sparse lateral setae ; 
eighth tergite but sparsely covered with long setae, spiracular open- 
ings with anterior margin straight ; cerci oval, located near anterior 
margin of epipygium; apices of ovipositor sheaths provided with 
long setae. 

Male: 4.6.5 mm. Antennal scape broader at apex than base (fig. 
8, &); malar space one-fourth height of compound eye; combined 
widths of compound eyes one-fifth greater than interocular space at 
level of antennal bases; metafemur without an inner tooth; petiole 
three times as long as wide. 

Type locality —Florida. 

Types.—Holotype, female, British Museum. The male was de- 
scribed as Smicra pulchra Cresson, from Cuba; types, 1815.1-1815.4, 
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 

Kirby 1 synonymized Smicra pulchra (Cresson) with S. transztiva 
(Walker), and notes and sketches from Walker’s type, kindly fur- 
nished by Dr. Ch. Ferriére, leave no doubt that the synonymy is 
correct. 

Host.—Catopsilia eubule (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera, Pieridae). 

Distribution.—Fiorwa: Belleair, Mrs. A. T. Slosson, 1 female; 
Dade City, November 21, 1907, Russell, 1 male; De Funiak Springs, 
October 17, 1914, 1 male; Gainesville, September 26, 1914, 1 male, 1 
female; December 10, 1917, H. L. Dozier, 1 female; Jacksonville, 
Ashmead, 4 females. Grorera: 1 female. 


1 Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., vol. 17, p. 66, 1883. 


276 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88 


Cupa: 2 males, 2 females (types of pulchra Cresson), ex Catopsilia 
eubule; north of Vinales, September 16, 1913, 1 female. 


SPILOCHALCIS PHOENICA, new species 
Ficures 8, 1, m; 12, e 


This species is intermediate in some respects between S. exornata 
(Cresson) and S. nigricornis (Fabricius) but differs from the former 
in having more than four teeth on the outer ventral margin of the 
metafemur and from the latter in having two long, slender teeth on 
the metafemur (fig. 12, e) while S. nigricornis has all the teeth blunt 
(fig. 12, f). The male of this species differs from all other species 
in the genus occurring in this area in that the mesal flange of the 
antennal scape is produced ventrad of the antennal base (fig. 8, m) 
and the frons is excavated to receive this projection. 

Description.—Red or yellow with black markings; mesopraescutum 
with narrow T-shaped mark, mesal margins of lobes of mesoscutum, 
mesal angles of axillae, mesoscutellum with narrow, longitudinal 
mark, apices of metacoxae, variable markings at outer ventral mar- 
gins of metafemora, and apices of ovipositor sheaths, black. 

Female: 6.5-7 mm. Apex of antennal scape not quite reaching 
level of ventral margin of anterior ocellus; pedicel slightly less than 
one-half length of segment 4; ring segment one-half length of pedicel, 
flagellum slightly tapering, segments 4 to 10 equal in length, 11 to 13 
slightly shorter, sutures rather indistinct; scrobe cavity moderately 
deep, marginal carina vague except ventrad; interantennal projection 
provided with a wide, thin apical lamina; lateral carinae almost 
completely encircling compound eyes, somewhat indistinct on ventral 
half; frons scatteringly punctured on area surrounding scrobe cavity, 
lightly shagreened ventrad of level of antennal bases; frontal ten- 
torial pits at anterior margins of compound eyes and slightly ventrad 
of level of antennal bases; width of malar space one-quarter height 
of compound eye; frontogenal suture extending transversely from 
compound eye to dorsal articulation of mandible; combined widths 
of compound eyes slightly greater than width of frons at level of 
antennal bases; diameter of posterior ocellus slightly greater than 
one-half interocellar space. 

Dorsum of thorax densely and deeply pitted, areas between pits 
minutely reticulated; anterolateral angles of pronotum strongly 
carinate, anterior dorsal carina interrupted on mesal one-fifth; 
parapsidal sutures partly obscured; prepectus usually entirely con- 
cealed by an anterolateral angle of mesoscutum, occasionally partly 
exposed, never reaching tegula; mesopleuron with two strongly 
punctured areas, one dorsad of mesocoxa, other anterior and ventrad 
of base of posterior wing; apex of mesoscutellum bidentate, these 


THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS Qa 


ill 


a 


FiGcuRE 11.—Protarsal claws and metafemora, lateral aspect, of Chalcidini 


a, 


C, 


Chalcis lasia, new species: Protarsal claw. 

Chalcis neptis, new species: Protarsal claw. 

Chalcis flebilis (Cresson): Protarsal claw. 

Chalcis barbara (Cresson): Protarsal claw. 

Chalcis canadensis (Cresson): Protarsal claw. 

Chalcis microgaster Say: f, Protarsal claw; 7, metafemur and tibia. 
Haltichella sp.: Metafemur and tibia. 

Spilochalcis xanthostigma (Dalman): Metafemur and tibia. 

Chalcis megalomis, new species: Metafemur. 

Metadontia amoena (Say): Metafemur. 


278 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vob. 88 


projections slightly upturned and transparent, a small carina usually 
present on dorsal side of each; metepisternum coarsely reticulated, 
provided with a few very long setae on ventral half; metacoxae 
semiglobose, glabrous, provided with scattered long setae except 
on outer dorsal side; metafemora (fig. 12, e) glabrous, sparsely 
covered by short pubescence, outer basal ventral tooth small, second 
tooth smaller than basal one, two following teeth long, narrow, acute, 
apical tooth subdivided to form two or three small indistinct ones; 
inner tooth wanting; dorsal margin of metatibia sinuate where it 
closes against two long femoral teeth; apex of metatibia long, sharp, 
slightly curved dorsad. 

Propodeum with numerous distinct carinae, those near base and on 
disk arranged so as to form a double row of rectangles across disk, a 
pair of conspicuous lateral projections present at posterolateral an- 
gles of propodeum, spiracular openings almost vertical; petiole short, 
glabrous, basal lamina wide on ventral side, slightly narrower on 
dorsal side, lateral carinae lacking; a few long lateral setae present 
near apex of petiole; gaster slightly longer than metafemur; lateral 
setae present on abdominal tergites 3 to 7; eighth tergite glabrous, 
sparsely provided with short black or yellow setae, spiracular open- 
ings round; cercus small, round, located slightly nearer anterior than 
posterior margin of epipygium, a small tuft of long setae ventrad of 
each cercus; apex of ovipositor sheaths with long ventral and 
lateral setae. 

Male: 5-5.5 mm. Antennal scape with mesal lamina produced 
ventrad of antennal base (fig. 8, 2, m); width of malar space slightly 
less than one-third height of compound eye; combined widths of 
compound eyes greater by one-third than width of interocular space 
at level of antennal bases; metafemur without an inner tooth. 

Type locality —Texas. 

Types.—Holotype, female, Victoria, Tex., July 15, 1918, ex Chlosyne 
lacinia crocale, J. D. Mitchell; allotype, male, Devils River, Tex., 
May 2, 1907, F. C. Pratt; paratypes, E. H. Gibson, 1 female, Port 
Lavaca, Tex., July 15, 1925, 1 female, Brownsville, Tex., Esprza 
Ranch, August 18,2 males. Holotype, allotype, and one female and 
two male paratypes deposited in the U. S. National Museum; one 
female paratype in Kansas Agricultural College, Manhattan, Kans. 

Host.—Chlosyne lacinia crocale Edwards (Lepidoptera, Nym- 
phalidae). 

The nigricornis Group 


The nigricornis group is clearly related to the transitiva group 
through the species S. nigricornis (see fig. 12, 7, for the metafemur 
of this species). This predominantly tropical group is related to the 
femorata group through the species S. cowalis (Cresson). The pos- 


THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 279 


session of numerous small metafemoral teeth, the long antennal scape, 
and the wide and deep scrobe cavity in S. cowxalis suggest a close 
relationship with such species as S. femorata (Fabricius) and 8. 
mariae (Riley). The members of the nigricornis group also show 
some slight relationship with the species of Chalcis. The some- 
what transverse head of the species of this group and the rather 
slender metacoxae suggest an affinity with species such as Chalcis 
barbara (Cresson) or C. microgaster Say. 

The species of the nigricornis group are invariably large, deeply 
and coarsely punctured, and covered with conspicuous long hair over 
most of the body. The lateral carinae of the frons are lacking; the 
scrobe cavity is only moderately deep, and the lateral margins are 
only partly carinate; the abdomen is strongly compressed laterally. 
The species of this group are all rare, and those that have been reared 
have come from the pupae of moths of the family Limacodidae. 


KEY TO SPECIES OF THE NIGRICORNIS GROUP 


1. Hindwings with five or six hamuli (fig. 10, 7) ; inner tooth of 


MELALEMIUT | OLESEN Gos eee er ree ee Eee tee Sn Se ean RINE ARAL eo oer Ree 2 

Hindwings with three hamuli (fig. 10, 7); inner tooth of meta- 
STUN UA 1 A CUTTS en eo oa Se See Ne es SR AE eee ne a 8 RL eau e ES PREIS ED 3 

2. Anterior tentorial pits not connected on meson by a groove; 
metafemur yellow with black markings (fig. 12, f)---_ nigricornis (p. 279) 

Anterior tentorial pits connected on meson by a deep groove; 
metaremimr entirely Dla Clin. sae = een een: UCR oe el lanieri (p. 283) 

3. Left mandible with three teeth; outer surface of metafemur with 
AnvoObliquerbasalestripes a. eae oe eee ae ee eee ee coxalis (p. 284) 

Left mandible with two teeth; outer surface of metafemur not 
withtanyobliquerbasall stripeL site) esas ee ee Ee i 4 


4. Outer basal tooth of metafemur long, slender, acute, much longer 
than any following teeth (as in fig. 12, 7), metafemur yellow 


SUCRE SC ers a eae ee a ee ee ee ne Oe flammeola (p. 286) 
Outer basal tooth of metafemur no larger than following teeth, 
metatemur black ati DASG== sess = et tae en ee eee nortoni (p. 287) 


SPILOCHALCIS NIGRICORNIS (Fabricius) 
Ficures 8, 7; 10, i; 12, f; 13, @ 


Chalcis nigricornis Fasricius, Hntomologiae systematicae, suppl., p. 243, 1798; 
Systema piezatorum, p. 163, 1804.—JuRINnE, Nouvelle méthode de classer les 
hyménoptéres et les diptéres, p. 316, 1807.—CrEsson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila- 
delphia, vol. 1, p. 228, 1862. 

Smicra nigricornis (Fabricius) Watker, Notes on Chalcidiae, p. 51, 1871.— 
Cresson, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, p. 57, 1872——Howakgp, U. S. Dept. 
Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull. 5, p. 35, 1885.—Cresson, Synopsis of the families and 
genera of the Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico, p. 234, 1887.— 
DALLA Torre, Catalogus hymenopterorum, vol. 5, p. 380, 1898. 

Spilochalcis nigricornis (Fabricius) ASHMEAD, Mem. Carnegie Mus., vol. 1, p. 
419, 1904. 


280 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 88 


Metadontia nigricornis (Fabricius) ASHMNAD, ibid. p. 453. 

Chalcis bracata SANBORN, Rept. Secy. Massachusetts Board Agr. for 1862, p. 
172, 1863.—PacKkarD, Guide to the study of insects .. . , p. 203, 1889. 

Smicra bracata (Sanborn) Cresson, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, pp. 37, 46, 
1872.—Howarp, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull. 5, p. 33, 1885.—CRESSON, 
Synopsis of the families and genera of the Hymenoptera of America north 
of Mexico, p. 233, 1887.—SmiTH, Geol. Surv. New Jersey, Catalogue of insects, 
p. 37, 1890.—Datia Torre, Catalogus hymenopterorum, vol. 5, p. 374, 1898.— 
ScHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera insectorum, fase. 97, p. 34, 1909. 

Spilochalcis bracata (Sanborn) ViEeREcK, Connecticut Geol. and Nat. Hist. Surv. 
Bull. 22, p. 527, 1916. 

Spilochalcis braccata SmirH, Ann. Rept. New Jersey State Board Agr., vol. 27, 
suppl., p. 553, 1900; Ann. Rept. New Jersey State Mus. for 1909, p. 649, 1910. 

Smicra bracata coaequalis Cresson, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, pp. 37, 46, 
1872; Synopsis of the families and genera of the Hymenoptera of America 
north of Mexico, p. 233, 1887—Da tia Torre, Catalogus hymenopterorum, 
vol. 5, p. 374, 1898.—Cresson, The Cresson types of Hymenoptera, p. 74, 
1916. 

Smicra carolina ASHMEAD, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 14, p. 183, 1887.—DALLA 
Torre, Catalogus hymenopterorum, vol. 5, p. 374, 1898. 

Diplodontia carolina (Ashmead) ASHMEAD, Mem. Carnegie Mus., vol. 1 eDaecoe; 
1904.—ScHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera insectorum, fasc. 97, p. 46, 1909.—GAHAN 
and Facan, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 124, p. 47, 1923. 

Diplodontia secunda Giravtt, Descriptiones hymenopterorum chalcidoidicarum 
variorum cum observationibus, No. 5, p. 10, 1917—Lronarp, Cornell Univ. 
Agr. Exp. Stat. Mem. 101, p. 976, 1928. 

Smiera maculata WALKER (not Fabricius), Entomologist, vol. 1, p. 217, 1841. 

Chalcis maculata (Walker) Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Philadelphia, vol. 1, p. 228, 
1862. 

Smicra maculata (Walker) WALKER, Notes on Chalcidiae, p. 51, 1871.—CrkEsson, 
Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, p. 57, 1872—Howarp, U. 8. Dept. Agr. Bur. 
Ent. Bull. 5, p. 35, 1885.—Cresson, Synopsis of the families and genera of 
the Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico, p. 223, 1887.—SmirH, Geol. 
Surv. New Jersey, Catalogue of insects, p. 38, 1890.—DaL1La Torre, Catalogus 
hymenopterorum, vol. 5, p. 378, 1898—SmirnH, Ann. Rept. New Jersey State 
Board Agr., vol. 27, suppl., p. 554, 1900; Ann. Rept. New Jersey State Mus. 
for 1909, p. 649, 1910. 


This large yellow and black species is most easily recognized by its 
densely pubescent propodeum with a pair of conspicuous lateral 
projections, the acute anterodorsal angles of the pronotum, and the 
metafemur having a few blunt, widely spaced teeth. 

Description—Yellow with black marks; vertex, all of mesoprae- 
scutum except lateral margins, mesal half or two-thirds of lobes of 
mesoscutum, mesal angles of axillae, mesal longitudinal mark on 
mesoscutellum, usually ventral half of metepisternum, all but outer 
basal part of metacoxae, central and ventral spots on metafemur, 
most or all of propodeum, petiole usually, and most of abdomen, 
black. 

Female: 6-9 mm. Antennal scape stout, curved mesad near base, 
slightly constricted near apex, apex reaching to level of dorsal margin 


THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 281 


of anterior ocellus, pedicel one-half and ring segment one-sixth 
length of segment 4, segments 4 to 8 equal in length, 9 and 10 slightly 
shorter, 11, 12, and 13 much shorter than 8; scrobe cavity deep, inner 
surface minutely shagreened, margins acarinate laterad; interanten- 
nal projection with small apical lamina; frons densely punctured 
on area laterad of scrobe cavity, scatteringly punctured and with 
short transverse carinae ventrad of antennal bases; frontal tentorial 
pits not visible; frons without lateral carinae; width of malar space 
slightly more than one-third height of compound eye; frontogenal 
suture extending in a low are from compound eye to mandible, a 
secondary carina often present dorsad of suture near mandible; com- 
bined widths of compound eyes one-tenth less than interocular width 
at level of antennal bases; left mandible with two indistinct teeth, 
rarely with three, the ventral one slightly smaller and more acute, 
right mandible usually with three teeth, occasionally with only two; 
diameter of posterior ocellus slightly more than one-half interocellar 
width. 

Dorsum of thorax covered by large deep punctures, spaces between 
pits minutely reticulated, pubescence fine and long; anterior margins 
of pronotum strongly carinate laterad, anterolateral angles produced, 
toothlike, mesal one-third of anterior dorsal margin without a cari- 
na; mesoscutum slightly produced laterad over tegulae; prepectus 
visible as a narrow tonguelike projection, not quite reaching tegula; 
mesoscutellum with a slight mesal depression near base and with a 
narrow, indistinct, apical lamina; metanotum with an irregular row 
of long, slender setae; dorsal and anterior areas of metepisternum 
deeply pitted, areas between pits and unpunctured areas glabrous; 
metacoxa glabrous, setose except on outer dorsal side; metafemur 
(fig. 12, f) glabrous, densely covered with short setae on outer sur- 
face, outer basal tooth small, followed by one, two, or three smaller 
teeth, then two or three large blunt teeth, apical tooth slightly smaller 
and more blunt, indistinctly subdivided to form three or four teeth; 
sharp inner tooth present; dorsal margin of metatibia sinuate where 
it fits against larger teeth. 

Propodeum completely covered by long setae, one large lateral 
tooth present on each side (fig. 18, a), carinae of propodeum strong, 
irregular, spiracular openings vertical or slanting slightly laterad; 
petiole short, stout, less than twice as long as wide, surface glabrous, 
basal lamina wide on ventral side, narrow on dorsum, interrupted at 
laterodorsal angles, indistinct lateral carinae usually present near 
base; gaster slightly shorter than metafemur, strongly flattened, 
abdominal segments 3 to 7 with a few dorsal and lateral setae, eighth 
tergite glabrous or minutely pitted, sparsely setose, spiracular open- 
ings with anterior margins straight; cerci round or nearly so, located 


282 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 88 


slightly nearer anterior than posterior margin of epipygium, placed 
in an indistinct setose area, which is bounded mesad and cephalad by 
a vague carina; apex of ovipositor sheath provided with moderately 
long ventral setae. 

Male: 5.5-8.5 mm. Antennal scape (fig. 8, ) expanded near base; 
combined widths of compound eyes equal to interocular width at level 
of antennal bases; metafemur with a blunt inner tooth; petiole twice 
as long as wide. 

Type locality— ‘North America.” 

Type—Chalcis No. 18, Fabricius collection, University of Kiel, 
Kiel, Germany. Type much broken, moldy; sex not discernible. 
Specimens compared with this type by Dr. Olaw Schroeder. Syno- 
nyms: bracata Sanborn, Boston Society of Natural History (com- 
parisons made by Dr. Richard Dow); bracata coaequalis Cresson, 
1788, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia; carolina Ash- 
mead, 41181, U. S. National Museum; secwnda Girault, 20750, U. S. 
National Museum. 

This large, conspicuous species is so variable that it is not sur- 
prising that it has been described several times. The type of S. caro- 
lina Ashmead is somewhat broken but shows no differences in either 
color or structure from specimens compared with the type of @. 
nigricornis. Dr. Richard Dow, of the Boston Society of Natural 
History, informs me that the type of (. bracata Sanborn lacks the 
abdomen but is identical with the specimens of nigricornis sent. 
The type of D. secwnda Girault is considerably broken, but the re- 
mains show no valid departure from the typical nigricornis. All 
the references to maculata enumerated above were derived from 
Walker’s record of what he supposed to be maculata Fabricius from 
New York. Dr. Ch. Ferriére, of the British Museum, has kindly 
located Walker’s specimen for me, and he states that this specimen, 
although somewhat broken, can be identified as nigricornis. Chalcis 
maculata Fabricius was described from South America, and Ash- 
mead ?? placed it in his genus J'etrasmicra; it is possible that he had 
seen the type. 

Hosts.—Parasa indetermina Boisduval, Adoneta spinuloides Her- 
rich-Schaeffer, Limacodes sp. (Lepidoptera, Limacodidae). 

Distribution—Connecticut, Illinois, Indiana, Louisiana, Maryland, 
Massachusetts, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, 
North Dakota, North Carolina, South Carolina, South Dakota, Texas, 
Virginia. 


12 Mem. Carnegie Mus., vol. 1, p. 456, 1904. 


THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 283 


SPILOCHALCIS LANIERI (Guérin) 
Figure 12, g 


Chalcis lasnierii GUERIN, Iconographie du Régne animal de G. Cuvier .. ., vol. 
1, p. 412, 1845.—CreEsson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Philadelphia, vol. 1, p. 228, 1862. 

Chalcis lanieri GuERIN, in de la Sagra’s Historia fisica, politica y natural de 
la isla de Cuba, vol. 7, p. 785, 1857—Howarp, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. 
Bull. 5, p. 36, 1885. 

Smicra lanieri (Guérin) Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Philadelphia, vol. 4, p. 91, 
1865.—WaALKER, Notes on Chalcidiae, p. 51, 1871.—Cresson, Trans. Amer. 
Ent. Soc., vol. 4, pp. 37, 48, 1878—Daxtia Torre, Catalogus hymenopterorum, 
vol. 5, p. 378, 1898.—AsHMEAD, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, vol. 48, p. 337, 1900.— 
SCHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera insectorum, fase. 97, p. 35, 1909. 

Spilochalcis lanieri (Guérin) GAHAN, Mem. Soc. Poey, Univ. Habana, vol. 8, p. 
131, 1934. 

This species may be recognized at once by its dark brown wings, 
which retain a quite complete representation of the venation, and the 
entirely black metafemora. Structurally this species is almost inden- 
tical with Spilochalcis nigricornis (Fabricius). 

Description.—Black, with bright scarlet markings; forelegs and 
mesolegs, mandibles, narrow stripe surrounding compound eyes, meso- 
dorsal area and anterolateral margins of pronotum, lateral margins 
of mesopraescutum, entire mesoscutellum, metatibia, and basal seg- 
ments of gaster, scarlet. 

Female: 8 mm. Apex of antennal scape not quite reaching level 
of dorsal margin of anterior ocellus, pedicel one-fourth and ring seg- 
ment one-sixth length of segment 4, segments 4 to 8 equal in length, 
9 to 10 slightly shorter, last three combined slightly longer than seg- 
ment 4; width of malar space one-third height of compound eye; 
frontogenal suture slightly curved; left mandible with two teeth, right 
with three; combined widths of compound eyes slightly less than 
width of interocular space at level of antennal bases; diameter of 
posterior ocellus five-ninths interocellar space; a carina extending 
completely around posterior margin of head. 

Dorsum of thorax deeply punctured, narrow area at anterior margin 
of metepisternum not punctured, but minutely reticulated; setae 
long, coarse; anterolateral angles of pronotum acutely produced, 
toothlike, carina of anterior dorsal margin interrupted on mesal one- 
half; prepectus not quite reaching tegula; hind wings with five 
hamuli; mesoscutellum with a slight longitudinal mesal depression 
near base, apex with a minute lamina; metepisternum not punctured 
at posterior margin, ventral margin provided with a row of large, 
contiguous punctures, rest. of area covered with smaller punctures, 
spaces between them glabrous; metacoxae glabrous; metafemora 
glabrous, outer surface sparsely covered by long setae, teeth of ventral 
margin quite variable: one to four minute basal teeth, followed by 


284 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88 


three larger ones (fig. 12, g), apical one vaguely divided; inner tooth 

large, acute. 

Propodeum with a pair of large lateral teeth (as in fig. 18, a), spi- 
racular openings vertical; petiole glabrous, two and one-quarter 
times as long as wide, lateral carinae wanting; gaster strongly flat- 
tened, all segments of gaster with sparse lateral setae; spiracular 
opening of eighth tergite rounded, but anterior margin straight; 
cerci oval, located near anterior margin of epipygium; ovipositor 
sheaths densely covered with short, stiff setae. 

Male.—Unknown. 

Type locality.—Cuba. 

Type.—t\ have not located the type of this species, and it may be 
lost. As this type may, however, yet be found, it seems best not to 
designate a neotype. I have followed Cresson’s determination ** for 
the species. 

Host—Unknown. 

Distribution —F  orwa : Palm Beach, C. F. Baker, 1 female. 

Cusa: 2 females, 

SPILOCHALCIS COXALIS (Cresson) 

Smicra cozralis Cresson, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, pp. 36, 45, 1872.— 
Howakrp, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull. 5, p. 34, 1885.—Cresson, Synopsis 
of the families and genera of the Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico, p. 
238, 1887.—Datua Torre, Catalogus hymenopterorum, vol. 5, p. 375, 1898.— 
ScHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera insectorum, fase. 97, p. 34, 1909.—CrxEsson, The 
Cresson types of Hymenoptera, p. 74, 1916. 

Spilochalcis virens Howarp, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull. 5, pp. 6, 36, 1885.— 
Data TorrE, Catalogus hymenopterorum, vol. 5, p. 385, 1898.—ScHMIEDE- 
KNECHT, Genera insectorum, fasc. 97, p. 41, 1909. 

Smicra virens (Howard) Cresson, Synopsis of the families and genera of the 
Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico, p. 234, 1887. 

This large, compact species is most easily recognized by the densely 
pubescent propodeum without lateral teeth, the compressed abdomen, 
and the metafemora with the ventral margin provided with several 
minute, widely spaced teeth; both mandibles have three teeth. 

Description —yYellow or red with black markings; vertex, all but 
lateral margins of mesopraescutum, all but lateral margins of lobes 
of mesoscutum, mesal two-thirds of axillae, broad longitudinal mark 
on mesoscutellum, usually wide inner and outer stripes on metacoxae, 
oblique stripe on outer surface of metafemur near base, transverse 
band at base of propodeum, most of petiole, and transverse dorsal 
marks on gaster, black. 

Female: 7.5-9 mm. Apex of antennal scape exceeding level of 
posterior ocelli, pedicel two-fifths and ring segment one-eighth length 
of segment 4, segments 4 and 5 almost equal, 6 to 10 progressively 


18 Proc. Ent. Soc. Philadelphia, vol. 1, p. 228, 1862. 


THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 285 


shorter, 11 three-quarters length of 10, 12 and 13 considerably shorter 
than 11 but quite variable in exact size; scrobe cavity rather shallow, 
edge carinate on ventral margin and ventral one-third of lateral 
margins; interantennal projection with a narrow, apical lamina; 
lateral carinae of frons wanting; entire frons deeply and densely 
punctured, and provided with long setae; frontal tentorial pits 
located near antennal bases, slightly dorsad of antennal bases; width 
of malar space slightly more than one-third height of compound eye; 
frontogenal suture extending in a low arc from compound eye to 
dorsal articulation of mandible; combined widths of compound eyes 
two-thirds width of interocular space at level of antennal bases; both 
mandibles with three teeth; diameter of posterior ocellus slightly 
less than one-half width of interocellar space. 

Dorsum of thorax densely punctured, lateral punctures slightly 
larger than mesal ones, areas between punctures varying from 
glabrous to lightly reticulated; pubescence dense, long, fine; antero- 
lateral angles of pronotum only faintly carinate, anterior dorsal 
margin without a carina on mesal three-quarters, a rounded projection 
present near each posterior laterodorsal angle of pronotum; parap- 
sidal sutures partly obscured by punctures; prepectus not visible; 
apex of mesoscutellum provided with a minute lamina; metepi- 
sternum broad, shallowly pitted, areas between pits glabrous, sparsely 
covered by long setae; metacoxae glabrous, very slender near apex, 
sparsely covered by long pubescence; metafemora glabrous, outer 
surface covered by short pubescence, ventral margin arcuate, with 
12 to 16 minute, blunt, widely spaced teeth; inner tooth lacking; apex 
of metatibia acute, slightly curved dorsad. 

Propodeum densely covered by long, slender setae, carinae strong, 
but irregular, enclosing nearly quadrangular areas, one very slight 
lateral tooth present on each side near point of insertion of petiole, 
spiracular openings large, extending obliquely laterad; petiole 
glabrous or showing very faint shagreening under a strong light, a 
prominent lateral furrow extending from base to apex on either side, 
basal lamina narrow, interrupted at dorsolateral angles; gaster 
strongly flattened, slightly larger than metafemur, prominent lateral 
rows of setae present on abdominal tergites 3 to 7; eighth tergite mi- 
nutely pitted, covered with long, stout setae, spiracular openings 
round; cerci oval, located near anterior margin of epipygium and 
usually bearing three long setae; apices of ovipositor sheaths densely 
covered with long setae. 

Male: Unknown. 

Type locality.—Delaware. 

Types.——Holotype, female, 1787, Academy of Natural Sciences of 
Philadelphia. Synonym, vivens Howard, 2623, U. S. National 
Museum. 

198858—40——~4 


286 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM voL. 88 


The original description of S. cowalis Cresson erroneously states 
that the species is described from a male; the type is a female. The 
type of S. virens Howard differs neither in color nor in structure from 
the type of S. cowalzs Cresson. 

This species may prove to be a synonym of Spilochalcis conjungens 
(Walker). Smicra conjungens was described from a single female 
specimen from Mexico one year previous to the publication of the 
description of Smicra cowalis Cresson. A specimen I had compared 
with the type of the latter species was sent to the Muséum National 
d'Histoire Naturelle in Paris for comparison with Walker’s type. Dr. 
Lucien Berland kindly made a detailed study of the specimens and 
informed me that they differed slightly in the sculpturing of the 
propodeum and the shape of the metafemoral teeth. Neither of these 
characters is, in itself, sufficient for specific distinction in this group. 
I have, however, decided to use, for the present, the name concerning 
the correctness of which I have no doubt, rather than employ one that 
is somewhat questionable. 

Host.—Unknown. 

Distribution —Delaware, Georgia, Iowa, Maryland, Missouri, New 
Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Virginia. 


SPILCCHALCIS FLAMMEOLA (Cresson) 


Smicra flammeola Cresson, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, pp. 37, 48, 1872.— 
CAMERON, Biologia Centrali-Americana, Hymenoptera, vol. 1, p. 84, 1884.— 
Howarp, U. 8S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull. 5, p. 34, 1885——Datta Torre, 
Catalogus hymenopterorum, vol. 5, p. 377, 1898.—ScHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera 
insectorum, fase. 97, p. 34, 1909.—Cresson, The Cresson types of Hymenop- 
tera, p. 75, 1916. 

Smicra flammula Kirsy, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., vol. 17, p. 66, 1883. 

This species is most easily recognized by its very coarsely pitted 
thorax, the toothlike anterolateral angles of the pronotum, and the 
metafemur with a long, acute, outer basal tooth and no inner tooth. 

Description.—Bright red, with frons, anterior and mesolegs, dorsal 
spot at base of outer surface of metafemur, and usually petiole, yel- 
low; venter of thorax black. 

Female: 7mm. Antennal flagellum slender; scrobe cavity shallow, 
carinate at ventral margin; interantennal projection with a small 
anterior carina, this carina extending up into scrobe cavity almost 
to anterior ocellus; frons deeply punctured just ventrad and laterad 
of ocelli, a few vague carinae extending ventrolaterad from margins 
of scrobe cavity; frons slightly produced ventrad of antennal bases; 
frontal tentorial pits located just laterad of and slightly ventrad of 
antennal bases; width of malar space slightly more than one-third 
height of compound eye; frontogenal suture straight; widths of com- 
pound eyes slightly less than width of interocular space at level of 


THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 287 


antennal bases; left mandible with two teeth, ventral one larger, right 
mandible with three teeth, two dorsal ones blunt, ventral one larger 
and more acute; diameter of posterior ocellus slightly less than one- 
half width of interocellar space. 

Dorsum of thorax irregularly covered by large, deep punctures, 
areas between punctures minutely reticulated, pubescence long, fine; 
anterolateral angles of pronotum acutely projecting, toothlike, an- 
terior dorsal carina interrupted on mesal one-third; parapsidal fur- 
rows partly obliterated; prepectus entirely concealed by projecting 
lateral margin of mesoscutum; apex of mesoscutelJum with a rather 
wide lamina; metepisternum strongly and densely punctured except 
at posteroventral angle, pubescence sparse and fine; metacoxae gla- 
brous, provided, except on outer dorsal surface, with long setae; outer 
surface of metafemora glabrous, sparsely covered by long, black 
setae, basal tooth large, acute, followed by 13 or 14 small acute teeth; 
inner tooth wanting; apex of metatibia long, slender, acute. 

Propodeum provided with long setae at posterolateral angles, sur- 
face provided with large, strong carinae, areas between carinae al- 
most glabrous, spiracular openings small, vertical, no lateral projec- 
tions present on propodeum; petiole glabrous, provided with several 
long, lateral setae, basal lamina narrow, interrupted at dorsolateral 
angles; gaster compressed, usually slightly longer than metafemur, 
abdominal tergites 3 to 7 each with long lateral setae; eighth tergite 
densely covered by minute pits, setae long, sparse, spiracular openings 
oval; cerci oval, located midway between anterior and posterior mar- 
gins of epipygium; apex of ovipositor sheaths provided with dense, 
short ventral setae. 

Male: Unknown. 

Type locality —Mexico. 

Types.—Holotype, female, 1811.1; paratypes, 1811.2, 1811.5, 2 fe- 
males: Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. The two sup- 
posed paratypes of this species labeled 1811.3 and 1811.4, in the 
collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 
unquestionably represent another species. The original description 
of this species states that it was described from both males and 
females, but all the type specimens are females. 

Host.—Unknown. 

Distribution —Terxas: Brownsville, November 25, 1910, 1 female. 

Mexico: 3 females (holotype and paratypes). 


SPILOCHALCIS NORTONI (Cresson) 
Ficures 8, 0; 10, j; 13, ¢ 


Smicra nortoni Cresson, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, pp. 36, 45, 1872.—Howarp, 
U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull. 5, p. 35, 1885.—Cresson, Synopsis of the 
families and genera of the Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico, p. 234, 


288 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vob. 88 


1887.—DatLa TorRE, Catalogus hymenopterorum, vol. 5, p. 380, 1898.—SmiruH, 
Ann. Rept. New Jersey State Board Agr., vol. 27, suppl., p. 554, 1900.— 
SCHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera insectorum, fase. 97, p. 36, 1909.—CrrEsson, The 
Cresson types of Hymenoptera, p. 76, 1916. 

Sptlochaicis nortoni (Cresson) SmMirH, Ann. Rept. New Jersey State Mus. for 1909, 
p. 649, 1910.—VirREcK, Connecticut Geol. and Nat. Hist. Surv. Bull. 22, 
p. 527, 1916. 


This large yellow and black species is most easily recognized by its 
densely pubescent metanotum and propodeum, the latter without 
lateral teeth ; the left mandible has two teeth and the right three indis- 
tinct ones. 

Description.—Yellow with black markings; vertex, all but lateral 
margins of mesopraescutum and mesoscutum, mesal two-thirds of 
axillae, mesal longitudinal mark on mesoscutellum, broad outer and 
inner basal stripes of metacoxae, irregular area at base of metafemora, 
transverse basal stripe on propodeum, and transverse dorsal bands on 
gaster, black. 

Female: 9-11 mm. Antennal scape constricted just ventrad of apex, 
reaching level of posterior ocelli, pedicel slightly less than one-half 
and ring segment one-sixth length of segment 4, segments 4 to 9 
equal in length, 10 slightly shorter, 11 two-thirds length of 10, 12 and 
13 together slightly longer than 11; scrobe cavity deep, edge carinate 
only at ventral margin and ventral one-fourth of lateral margins, inter- 
antennal projection wide, without an apical lamina; frons without 
lateral carinae; frons deeply and densely punctured except on small 
patch just dorsal to clypeus; frontal tentorial pits not visible; width 
of malar space slightly less than one-third height of compound eye; 
frontogenal suture extending in a low arc from compound eye to 
dorsal articulation of mandible; width of interocular space at level 
of antennal bases greater by one-fifth than combined widths of com- 


Figure 12.—Metafemora, lateral aspect, of Chalcidini 


a, Spilochalcis exornata (Cresson). 

b, Spilochalcis eubule (Cresson). 

c, Spilochalcis dorsata (Cresson). 

d, Spilochalcis transitiva (Walker). 

e, Spilochalcis phoenica, new species. 
f, Spilochalcis nigricornis (Fabricius). 
g, Spilochalcis laniert (Guérin). 

h, Spilochalcis delicata (Cresson). 

2, Spilochalcis femorata (Fabricius). 
j, Spilochalcis mariae (Riley). 

k, Spilochalcis subobsoleta (Cresson). 
l, Ceratosmicra paya, new species. 

m, Ceratosmicra debilis (Say). 

n, Ceratosmicra immaculata (Cresson). 
0, Ceratosmicra meteori, new name. 


THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 289 


Ficure 12.—See opposite page for explanation. 


290 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vob. 88 


pound eyes; left mandible with two teeth, right with three, the two 
ventral ones indistinctly divided; diameter of posterior ocellus two- 
fifths width of interocellar space. 

Dorsum of thorax covered with large punctures, spaces between 
punctures minutely reticulated; pubescence long, fine; anterolateral 
angles of pronotum carinate; anterior dorsal margin of pronotum 
acarinate on mesal one-quarter; parapsidal furrows distinct; the 
surface of mesopraescutum slightly higher than surface of mesoscu- 
tum; prepectus narrow, tonguelike, not quite reaching tegula; an- 
terior margin of mesoscutellum with a minute mesal projection, 
apex with a minute lamina; metepisternum covered with deep, nearly 
contiguous pits; metacoxae relatively slender, surface almost gla- 
brous, reticulations extremely faint; metafemora glabrous, outer sur- 
face densely covered by short pubescence, outer ventral margin with 
11 to 18 small blunt teeth; inner tooth lacking; basal enlargement 
of posterior claw with several large teeth. 

Propodeum densely covered by long setae; reticulations prominent, 
rather irregular, enclosing large, nearly rectangular areas near apex; 
strong lateral projections wanting (fig. 13, c), spiracular openings 
wide, almost vertical; petiole glabrous, short, less than twice as long 
as wide, basal lamina narrow on ventral side, slightly wider on dorsal 
side, interrupted at dorsolateral angles, faint longitudinal, lateral 
grooves present; gaster strongly compressed, slightly larger than 
metafemur; abdominal tergites 3 to 7 with rows of short lateral 
setae; eighth tergite minutely punctured, densely covered by long 
pubescence, spiracular openings with anterior margins straight; 
epipygium densely pubescent, cerci oval, located near anterior mar- 
gin and provided with four or five long setae; apices of ovipositor 
sheaths with long, dense setae. 

Male: 7.5mm. Antennal scape (fig. 8, 0) broad, slightly expanded 
at apex; width of malar space one-quarter height of compound eye; 
petiole twice as long as wide. 

Type locality.—District of Columbia. 

Type.—Neotype, male, Bolton, Conn., July 20, 1982, ex Phobetron 
pithecitum, deposited in the U. S. National Museum. This species 
was originally described from a single male specimen collected by 
Edward Norton in Washington, D. C., and the type has subsequently 
been lost. A neotype is, therefore, designated. 

Hosts —Prolimacodes badia (Hiibner), Phobetron pithecitum Abbot 
and Smith (Lepidoptera, Limacodidae). 

Distribution—Connecticut, District of Columbia, Illinois, Massa- 
chusetts, New Jersey, New York, Texas, Virginia. 


THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 291 


The femorata Group 


The femorata group is predominantly tropical but includes one very 
common species in our region, S. mariae (Riley). In all species of 
this group the antennal scape is long, and the flagellum is usually 
slender. The scrobe cavity is either deep or shallow; the frons is 
always slightly produced anteriorly just ventrad of the antennal bases. 
All the species of this group have the metafemoral teeth minute and 
closely set, but the basal tooth is often considerably larger than the 
following ones; all species are yellow or red with relatively small 
darker markings. 


KEY TO SPECIES OF THE FEMORATA GROUP 


1. Female, ninth abdominal sternite concealed, antennal scape 


SSL TN Ch eRe eee ie i ag aE ap a he as Fk EI oe ee 2 
Male, ninth abdominal sternite exposed, antennal scape broad____________-_ 8 

2. Head, from dorsal aspect, one-half as long as wide, apex of 
antennal scape reaching only to level of posterior ocelli_______________ 3 


Head transverse, from dorsal aspect much less than one-half 
as long as wide; apex of antennal scape markedly exceeding 


JevelRot posterior: Ocelii = = ies ek 2 ee ee ee a ee 5 
3. Metepisternum entirely glabrous, stigmal vein of forewing 
roundedgat apex, (igs 10h) aes te ee eee delicata (p. 292) 
Metepisternum punctured, stigmal vein of forewing angled at 
apex (fig. 10; ie) Same Pes ee ae ee ee eee 4 


4, Width of head much greater than maximum width of dorsum 
of thorax; sSpiracular openings on propodeum wider dorsad 

eh aimtsy entre de ered Be okey we peg he ee nie tee elachis (p. 294) 
Width of head equal to maximum width of dorsum of thorax; 
spiracular openings on propodeum equal in width dorsad and 


MeMtrad se | tested ister tS eas li Sear oes hirtifemora (p. 295) 
5. Surface of mesopraescutum and scutum provided only with 
puncturesist 22) 2502 STEAM SW ee ohare dearer En Sey femorata (p. 297) 


Surface of mesopraescutum and scutum provided both with 
punctures and carinae, the carinae on mesopraescutum trans- 
verse, those on lobes of mesoscutum directed obliquely 
Cepnalade from POStTETOMeS ANG cin PCS eee ee ee ee en eee 6 
6. Metafemur with a small inner tooth; a brown spot surrounding 
stigmal vein; mesopraescutum always with a median black 
line, this line usually broader at anterior than at posterior 
margin; anterior lamina of pronotum slightly incised near 
dorsolateralyancle= 2.5 =o ee es ee igneoides (p. 301) 
Notwhavine chat COmpinalLiOonT OL ChAT CLOTS =e eee eee ee 7 
7. Strong lateral carinae present on petiole, and venter of petiole 
usually slightly rugose; metacoxae always with a black stripe 
on outer dorsal surface extending almost from base to apex. 
mariae (p. 303) 
Petiole either without lateral carinae or with faint ones near 
base, and venter of petiole smooth; metacoxae with a dark 
spot on outer dorsal surface, this spot not reaching apex of 
CO Xie err ee ee NS a eS ee EEE phais (p. 307) 


292 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88 


8. Metepisternum entirely glabrous, stigmal vein of forewing 


roundedvatiapex) (ies lOeh) ae eee delicata (p. 292) 
Metepisternum punctured, stigmal vein of forewing angled at 
BER CATS! He yy sh AR A a SEE ee ee ee 9 


9. Apex of antennal scape reaching only to level of posterior ocelli ; 
head, from dorsal aspect, one-half as long as wide___ hirtifemora (p. 295) 

Apex of antennal scape markedly exceeding level of posterior 

ocelli; head, from dorsal aspect, much less than one-half as 


Ong aS Wide! SNe eee ee I al Se ee 10 
10. Surfaces of mesopraescutum and scutum provided only with 
DUN CLUPES 22s fis eae a ia Se a femorata (p. 297) 


Surfaces of mesopraescutum and scutum provided both with 
punctures and carinae, the carinae on mesopraescutum trans- 
verse, those on lobes of mesoscutum directed obliquely ceph- 


alad=tromiposteromessal angles 2222 25. =e = ee ee 11 
ii Pedicel of antenna triangular (ig. 957) 2 eee mariae (p. 303) 
Pedicelvotsantennacylind ricaler(il ss: Osnt)) en ee ee ee 2 
12. Anterior mesal margin of antennal scape strongly incised (fig. 
SSUiyg)) (oe I ee ee ee ree ee ee ee eee igneoides (p. 301) 
Anterior mesal margin of antennal scape not incised (fig. 
OY is Olea ae ek ER SEE ae eee era We te ee eee 13 
18. Antennal scape broadened only at apex, slightly excavated at 
EAD} Kal (CF 2 CL) ee clora (p. 306) 
Antennal scape broad from near base to apex, deeply excavated 
atiapex ((fig: 19.70) ass ete ee ee ee phais (p. 307) 


SPILOCHALCIS DELICATA (Cresson) 
Ficures 8, p; 10, h; 12, h; 18, b 


Smicra delicata Cresson, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soe., vol. 4, pp. 38, 54, 192, 1872.— 
Howakrp, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull. 5, p. 34, 1885.—Cresson, Synopsis 
of the families and genera of the Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico, 
p. 233, 1887.—Datta Torre, Catalogus hymenopterorum, vol. 5, p. 375, 
1898.—ScHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera insectorum, fase. 97, p. 34, 1909.—CrESSon, 
The Cresson types of Hymenoptera, p. 74, 1916. 

Smicra delicatula CaMERON, Biologia Centrali-Americana, Hymenoptera, vol. 1, 
p. 94, 1884. 


This small yellow species is most easily recognized by its very wide 
interocular space, the shallow scrobe cavity, the broad, compact thorax 
with the dorsal surface nearly glabrous, the rather long, slender 
petiole, and slender metafemora with a large, acute inner tooth; the 
apex of the antennal scape of the male markedly exceeds the level of 
the posterior ocelli but only reaches this level in the female. 

Description —Yellow, with vague, variable orange or light-brown 
markings; occiput, broad mesal area of mesopraescutum, most of 
lobes of mesoscutum, mesal angles of axillae, apex of mesoscutellum, 
spot on mesopleuron, basal mark on outer dorsal surface of metacoxa, 
and apical segment of posterior tarsus, usually orange or light brown; 
metafemoral teeth and, in some specimens, basal segments of gaster, 
black. 


THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 293 


Female: 3.5 mm. Apex of antennal scape reaching level of pos- 
terior ocelli, pedicel much narrower than flagellar segments, two- 
thirds length of segment 4, ring segment one-half length of pedicel. 
segment 5 slightly shorter than 4, segments 5 to 11 equal in length, 
12 and 18 slightly shorter; scrobe cavity shallow, margin carinate 
only at ventrolateral angles; apical carina of interantennal projection 
extended dorsad one-half distance to anterior ocellus; frontal tentorial 
pits minute, located near margin of compound eye, and ventrad of 
antennal bases; frons almost glabrous, with minute slightly irregular 
carinae, these carinae transverse on area of frons ventrad of antennal 
bases, pubescence long, sparse; small mesal area located just dorsad 
of clypeus more closely reticulated than remainder of frons; width of 
malar space one-third height of compound eye; frontogenal suture 
almost straight, very slightly curved; a vague carina usually present 
on genal area parallel to posterior margin of compound eye; combined 
widths of compound eyes two-thirds width of interocular space at 
level of antennal bases; left mandible with two teeth, ventral one 
much longer than dorsal, right mandible with three teeth, middle one 
minute; diameter of posterior ocellus one-third interocellar space. 

Dorsum of thorax minutely reticulated, almost glabrous, a few 
vague, shallow punctures present, pubescence long, sparse; antero- 
Jateral angles and anterior dorsal margin of pronotum acarinate, pre- 
pectus wider than in most species, just reaching anterior apex of 
tegula; stigmal knob of forewing large, rounded (fig. 10, 2); apex 
of mesoscutellum with an extremely narrow lamina; metepisternum 
glabrous; metacoxae glabrous on outer dorsal surface, sparsely cov- 
ered with short setae on ventral side; metafemora rather narrow 
(fig. 12, 2), outer ventral margin provided with 14 to 20 small, acute 
teeth, these teeth often widely spaced; inner tooth large, acute. 

Propodeum with a single mesal and lateral carina, basolateral areas 
minutely reticulated, almost smooth, spiracular openings slanting 
laterad (fig. 18, 6), no lateral propodeal teeth present; petiole gla- 
brous, twice as long as wide, basal lamina wide on ventral side, nar- 
row on dorsal; gaster usually equal in length to metafemur, ab- 
dominal tergites 4 to 7 each with a single sparse lateral row of long 
setae; eighth tergite slightly shagreened, provided with a few slender, 
inconspicuous setae, spiracular openings round; cerci large, oval, lo- 
cated near posterior margin of epipygium; apex of ovipositor sheath 
with a few long ventral setae. 

Male: 3.54 mm. This species exhibits greater antigeny than most 
other species of the genus. Antennal scape (fig. 8, p) with apex 
markedly exceeding level of posterior ocelli, antennal segments 5 to 
10 usually equal, last three slightly shorter; width of malar space 
three-tenths height of compound eye; combined widths of compound 


294. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 88 


eyes four-fifths interocular space; diameter of posterior ocellus three- 
sevenths interocellar space; petiole three times as long as wide. 

Type locality —Texas. 

Types——Holotype, female, 1794, Academy of Natural Sciences of 
Philadelphia; allotype, male, 1654, U. S. National Museum. 

Host—Unknown. 

Distribution —Fiorma: Jacksonville, 1 male. Trxas: Belfrage, 
49, 1 female, 1 male (holotype and allotype) ; Brownsville, November 
23—December 1, 1910, 3 males; Cameron County, August 3, 1928, R. H. 
Beamer, 1 female; Corpus Christi, October 16, 1908, Mitchell and 
Bishopp, 1 male. 

SPILOCHALCIS ELACHIS, new species 


This species is closely related to S. hirtifemora (Ashmead) but 
differs in having the head wider in comparison to the thorax, the 
propodeum very weakly carinate, with the areas between carinae 
reticulated rather than glabrous; the spiracular slits of the propodeum 
are wider dorsad than ventrad, while these openings are uniform in 
width in hirtifemora. 

Description.—Dull yellow or orange; venter of thorax, vague 
longitudinal stripe on mesopraescutum, and most of abdomen, light 
brown. 

Female: 2-2.5 mm. Apex of antennal scape reaching level of 
dorsal margin of anterior ocellus, pedicel equal to and ring segment 
one-quarter length of segment 4, segment 5 slightly shorter than 4, 
6 slightly longer than 5, 6 to 10 equal, 11 slightly shorter, 12 slightly 
longer than 10, 13 as long as 11; scrobe cavity shallow, only ventral 
margin carinate; interantennal projection with a minute anterior 
carina; frons minutely reticulated laterad of scrobe cavity, scatter- 
ingly punctured just anterior to posterior ocelli and ventrad of 
antennal bases; frontal tentorial pits not visible; width of malar 
space one-third height of compound eye; frontogenal suture slightly 
curved, almost straight; combined widths of compound eyes equal to 
interocular space at level of antennal bases; left mandible with two 
acute teeth, ventral one slightly larger; diameter of posterior ocellus 
slightly less than one-half interocellar space; width of head one- 
fourth greater than maximum dorsal width of thorax. 

Dorsum of thorax densely covered by irregular, shallow punctures, 
pubescence short, sparse; anterolateral angles of pronotum obscurely 
carinate, anterior dorsal margin acarinate; parapsidal furrows dis- 
tinct; prepectus not visible, completely hidden by anterolateral angles 
of mesoscutum; apex of mesoscutellum with a very narrow, mesally 
depressed lamina; metacoxae with a few large, indistinct ventral 
punctures, remainder of surface minutely shagreened; outer surface 


THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 295 


of metafemora minutely shagreened, almost glabrous, ventral margin 
with 18 to 20 small closely set teeth, basal one slightly larger; inner 
tooth sharp. 

Propodeum with a few long lateral setae, strong carinae present 
near apex and on meson, two minutely reticulated areas at base, 
spiracular slits almost vertical, wider dorsad than ventrad, propo- 
deum without lateral projections; petiole three times as long as wide, 
surface minutely reticulated, basal lamina narrow, lateral carinae 
absent; gaster acuminate, slightly longer than metafemur, abdominal 
tergites 5 to 7 with sparse lateral setae; eighth tergite obscurely sha- 
greened, almost glabrous, setae sparse, short, spiracular openings 
round, directed laterad; cerci obovate, located slightly nearer an- 
terior than posterior margin of epipygium, the latter densely and 
minutely pitted and provided with long setae; apex of ovipositor 
sheath with a few short ventral setae. 

Male—Unknown. 

Type locality —F lorida. 

Types.—Holotype, female, Biscayne Bay, Fla.; paratype, Tallulah, 
La., 1194, 1 female. Types deposited in the U. S. National Museum. 

Host.—Unknown; this species will probably prove to be a hyper- 
parasite. 

SPILOCHALCIS HIRTIFEMORA (Ashmead) 
FIGurE 8, q 


Smicra hirtifemora AsSHMEAD, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 12, p. x, 1885.— 
CrESSON, Synopsis of the families and genera of the Hymenoptera of Amer- 
ica north of Mexico, p. 2338, 1887—Datia Torre, Catalogus hymenopterorum, 
vol. 5, p. 377, 1898.—ScHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera insectorum, fase. 97, p. 35, 
1909. 

Spilochalcis hirtifemora (Ashmead) WILson, Florida Ent., vol. 16, p. 39, 19382; 
vol. 17, p. 38, 1983; Florida Agr. Exp. Stat. Techn. Bull. 271, p. 16, 1935. 
Spilochalcis syrphidis Wotcott, Journ. Dept. Agr. Puerto Rico, vol. 7, p. 57, 

1923; Journ. Agr. Univ. Puerto Rico, vol. 20, p. 536, 1936. 

This small yellow or orange species is most easily recognized by 
having the head, from the dorsal aspect, one-half as long as wide, 
the scrobe cavity shallow, the apex of the antennal scape just reaching 
the level of the posterior ocelli, and the width of the head equal to 
the maximum dorsal width of thorax; there is an indistinct spot 
around the stigmal vein of the forewing. This species bears a 
superficial resemblance to some members of the genus Decatoma. 

Description.—Yellowish or orange; venter of thorax, variable lon- 
gitudinal mesal stripe on mesopraescutum, spot around stigmal vein, 
and most of abdomen, reddish brown. 

Female: 3-4 mm. Apex of antennal scape reaching level of poste- 
rior ocelli, pedicel three-quarters and ring segment one-quarter length 


296 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vob. 88 


of segment 4, segments 4 to 10 usually equal, somewhat variable, 11 
and 12 slightly shorter than 10, 13 usually equal to 10; scrobe cavity 
shallow, carinate at ventral margin and ventral half of lateral mar- 
gins, the latter strongly curved mesad; interantennal projection with 
a minute, vague anterior carina; frons minutely reticulated, almost 
glabrous ventrad of antennal bases, pubescence short, sparse; frontal 
tentorial pits located ventrad and laterad of antennal bases; width of 
malar space one-third height of compound eye; frontogenal suture 
slightly curved; combined widths of compound eyes equal to inter- 
ocular width at level of antennal bases; left mandible with two 
acute teeth, dorsal one larger, right mandible with three teeth; diam- 
eter of posterior ocellus from slightly more than one-half to three- 
fifths width of interocellar space; head, from dorsal aspect, one-half 
as long as wide. 

Dorsum of thorax with close irregular punctures, pubescence in- 
conspicuous except at lateral margins of thorax, where it is slightly 
longer and stouter; anterolateral angles of pronotum mintely cari- 
nate; anterior dorsal margin acarinate; parapsidal furrows distinct; 
prepectus not visible; apex of mesoscutellum with a narrow, mesally 
depressed lamina; metepisternum covered by large, shallow punc- 
tures, pubescence short and fine; metacoxae with entire surface sha- 
greened, setose on outer ventral side, sparsely so on dorsal; meta- 
femora with outer surface minutely reticulated, pubescence short, 
sparse, ventral margin provided with 16 to 20 small, closely set teeth, 
basal one slightly larger; inner tooth sharp. 

Propodeum usually entirely without setae, surface provided with 
strong carinae, areas between carinae glabrous, spiracular openings 
oblique, one very slight projection present at each posterolateral angle 
of propodeum; petiole two and one-quarter times as long as wide, 
entire surface shagreened and uneven, basal lamina wide, lateral 
carinae absent; gaster acuminate, slightly longer than metafemur, 
abdominal tergites 4 to 7 with long, sparse lateral setae; eighth 
tergite minutely and obscurely reticulated, setae long, sparse; spi- 
racular openings round; cerci oval, located midway between ante- 
rior and posterior margins of epipygium; apex of ovipositor sheaths 
with a few short ventral setae. 

Male: 2.5-3 mm. Antennal scape (fig. 8, g) enlarged in the mid- 
dle; flagellum stout, segments usually as wide as long; width of 
malar space two-fifths height of compound eye; combined widths of 
compound eyes slightly less than interocular space at level of antennal 
bases; petiole four times as long as wide. 

Type locality —F lorida. 

Types.—Holotype, male, 51949, U. S. National Museum. The 
female was described as Spilochalcis syrphidis Wolcott, from Puerto 


THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 297 


Rico; types, 51871, U. S. National Museum, and three specimens in 
the collection of the Puerto Rico Agricultural Experiment Station 
collection, Rio Piedras, P. R. 

The type of S. syrphidis Wolcott differs only in sex from the type 
of 8. hirtifemora (Ashmead). 

Hosts—Mesogramma polita (Say), Mesogramma polygonastyla 
(Metcalf), Platychirus sp. (Diptera, Syrphidae); Apanteles mar- 
giniventris (Cresson), Apanteles sp. (Hymenoptera, Braconidae). 

Distribution.—District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, 
Ohio, Tennessee, Texas. 

Cuba, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico. 


SPILOCHALCIS FEMORATA (Fabricius) 
Ficures 7, f, j; 8, r; 12, 4 


Crabro femoratus Fasricius, Systema entomologiae .. ., p. 375, 1775; Species 
insectorum ..., vol. 1, p. 472, 1781; Mantissa insectorum..., vol. 1, 
p. 297, 1787.—OLivirr, Encyclopédie méthodique, vol. 6, p. 518, 1791. 

Vespa femorata (Fabricius) GMELIN, Systema naturae, ed. 18, vol. 1, p. 2765, 
1790. 

Smicra femorata (Fabricius) Kirpy, Journ. Linn. Soe. London, Zool., vol. 17, 
p. 86, 1883. 

Spilochalcis femorata (Fabricius) Howarp, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., 
vol. 25, p. 79, 1894; vol. 26, p. 180, 1897.—Datia Torre, Catalogus hymen- 
opterorum, vol. 5, p. 384, 1898.—AsHMeEAD, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, vol. 
48, p. 336, 1900; Mem. Carnegie Mus., vol. i, p. 326, 1904.—ScHMIEDEKNECHT, 
Genera insectorum, fase. 97, p. 39, 1909.—Gowpry, Rept. Govt. Ent. Jamaica 
Dept. Agr. for 1920, p. 25, 1921—Wiutson, Rept. Ent. Virgin Islands Agr. 
Exp. Stat. for 1920, p. 21, 1921; St. Croix Agr. Exp. Stat. Bull. 3, p. 15, 
1923; Virgin Islands Agr. Exp. Stat. Bull. 3, p. 5, 19238——Wotcort, Journ. 
Dept. Agr. Puerto Rico, vol. 7, p. 61, 19283—WINBURN and PAINTER, Journ. 
Kansas Ent. Soc., vol. 5, p. 7, 1923.—Luainpm1, U. S. Dept. Agr. Techn. 
Bull. 34, p. 74, 1828—Wotcort, Journ. Agr. Univ. Puerto Rico, vol. 20, p. 
536, 1936. 

Sphez punctata Fasrictus, Species insectorum ..., vol. 1, p. 446, 1781. 

Chalcis punctata (Fabricius) Fapricius, Mantissa insectorum ..., vol. 1, p. 
272, 1787.— GMELIN, Systema naturae, ed. 13, vol. 1, p. 2748, 1790.—OLIviEr, 
Encyclopédie méthodique, vol. 5, p. 488, 1790.—Fasricius, Hntomologia 
systematica .. ., vol. 2, p. 196, 1793; Systema piezatorum .. ., p. 161, 1804. 

Conura punctata (Fabricius) SicHet, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, ser. 4, vol. 5, pp. 
360, 392, 1865. 

Smicra punctata (Fabricius) WaAtkrER, Notes on Chalcidiae, p. 51, 1871.— 
Cresson, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, vol. 4, p. 57, 1872—Cameron, Biologia 
Centrali-Americana, Hymenoptera, vol. 1, p. 87, 1884—-Howarp, U. 8S. Dept. 
Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull. 5, p. 35, 1885. 

Smiera punctata (Fabricius) Wotcort, Journ. Dept. Agr. Puerto Rico, vol. 7, 
p. 63, 1923; Journ. Agr. Univ. Puerto Rico, vol. 20, p. 537, 1936. 

Chalcis fasciata OLivirr, Encyclopédie méthodique, vol. 5, p. 489, 1790. 

Smiera subpunctata WALKER, Ent. Mag., vol. 2, p. 25, 1834; vol. 5, p. 469, 1838.— 
Cresson, Proe. Ent. Soc. Philadelphia, vol. 1, p. 38, 1862. 


298 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88 


Smicra subpunctata (Walker) Cresson, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, p. 57, 
1872.—Howakgp, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull. 5, p. 36, 1885. 

Smiera nigropicta Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Philadelphia, vol. 4, p. 95, 1865; 
The Cresson types of Hymenoptera, p. 76, 1916. 

Smicra nigropicta (Cresson) WALKER, Notes on Chalcidiae, p. 51, 1871.—CreEsson, 
Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, pp. 38, 53, 1872.—Howarp, U. S. Dept. Agr. 
Bur. Ent. Bull. 5, p. 35, 1885. 

Smiera ignea CRESSON, Proc. Ent. Soe. Philadelphia, vol. 4, p. 92, 1865; The 
Cresson types of Hymenoptera, p. 75, 1916. 

Smicra ignea (Cresson) WALKER, Notes on Chalcidiae, p. 51, 1871.—CreEsson, 
Trans. Amer. Ent. Soe., vol. 4, pp. 37, 49, 192, 1872; Howarp, U. S. Dept. 
Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull. 5, p. 34, 1885.—Cresson, Synopsis of the families and 
genera of the Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico, p. 233, 1887.— 
Datta TorRE, Catalogus hymenopterorum, vol. 5, p. 377, 1898—AsHMEaD, 
Trans. Ent. Soc. London, vol. 48, p. 337, 1900.—SCHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera 
insectorum, fase. 97, p. 35, 1909. 

Smicra mirabilis Cresson, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, pp. 38, 53, 192, 1872.— 
Howarp, U. 8. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull. 5, p. 35, 1885.—CreEsson, Synopsis 
of the families and genera of the Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico, 
p. 2338, 1887—Datia TorRE, Catalogus hymenopterorum, vol. 5, p. 379, 
1898.—ScHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera insectorum, fasc. 97, p. 35, 1909.—CrREsSoN, 
The Cresson types of Hymenoptera, p. 75, 1916. 

This common tropical and subtropical species is most easily recog- 
nized by its very large compound eyes (fig. 7, 7), the long and slender 
antennal flagellum with the three apical segments conspicuously 
shorter than the basal ones, the wide and deep scrobe cavity, and the 
usually large and acute basal tooth of the metafemur (fig. 12, 2). 

Description.—Y ellow, orange, or red with variable black markings; 
dorsal side of flagellum, T-shaped mark on mesopraescutum, a longi- 
tudinal stripe on each lobe of mesoscutum, mesal angles of axillae, 
longitudinal mesal stripe on mesoscutellum, usually a round dorsal 
spot on outer dorsal surface of metacoxa, metatrochanters usually, 
outer ventral teeth and usually an apical spot on metafemur, variable 
mesal spot on propodeum, and usually apex of abdomen, black. 

Female: 5.5-8 mm. Antennae inserted ventrad of center of frons 
(fig. 7, 7), apex of scape exceeding level of posterior ocelli, pedicel 
five-eighths and ring segment one-eighth length of segment 4, segment 
5 slightly shorter than 4, segments 5 to 10 gradually decreasing in 
length, so that segment 10 is only five-eighths length of 4, last three 
segments combined equal to third and fourth segments, exact shape 
of segments 12 and 138 variable, 12 usually much shorter than 11 or 
13; scrobe cavity deep and wide, area of frons laterad of scrobe 
cavity very narrow (fig. 7, 7) ; terantennal projection provided with 
a narrow anterior lamina; frons with lateral carinae, and provided 
with a few scattered punctures laterad of scrobe cavity and on lateral 
areas of frons ventrad of antennal bases, elsewhere minutely and 
obscurely reticulated; frontal tentorial pits located near anterior 


THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 299 


margins of compound eyes, and dorsad of antennal bases (fig. 7, /) ; 
width of malar space one-third height of compound eyes, fronto- 
genal suture extending directly from compound eye to mandible, 
paralleled by two strong carinae; combined widths of compound 
eyes slightly greater than interocular width at level of antennal bases; 
left mandible with two teeth, ventral one slightly larger, right man- 
dible with three teeth, ventral one more acute and slightly larger 
than others; diameter of posterior ocellus slightly less than one-half 
interocellar space. 

Dorsum of thorax deeply and densely pitted; pubescence short, 
inconspicuous; anterolateral angles of pronotum with an obscure 
carina, anterior dorsal margin acarinate; parapsidal furrows distinct ; 
prepectus narrow, slightly overlapping anterior end of tegula; apex 
of mesoscutellum with a very narrow lamina, which is strongly de- 
pressed on meson; metepisternum strongly punctured except at 
anterior and posterior ventral angles, unpunctured areas glabrous or 
very faintly reticulated, pubescence fine, scattered; metacoxae 
glabrous on outer dorsal and inner surfaces, elsewhere shallowly 
punctured and setose; metafemora glabrous, sparsely covered with 
short setae, outer ventral margin with 12 to 20 small teeth, basal one 
larger than others, often long, acute (fig. 12, 7); inner tooth acute, 
metatibia with apex long, slender, acute. 

Propodeum with a few short, lateral setae, surface covered by 
irregular carinae, areas between carinae minutely reticulated, no 
lateral projections present, spiracular slits strongly arced,; petiole 
short, usually shorter than wide, but occasionally slightly longer than 
wide, glabrous or very minutely reticulated, basal lamina wide on 
ventral side, narrower on dorsal side, slightly depressed on dorsal 
meson, interrupted at dorsolateral angles, lateral carinae usually pres- 
ent on petiole; gaster acuminate, one-third to one-half longer than 
metafemur, abdominal segments 4 to 7 each with a sparse row of short 
lateral setae; eighth tergite lightly shagreened, sparsely covered with 
short, black setae, spiracular openings round; cerci small, almost 
round, located near posterior margin of epipygium; apex of ovipositor 
sheaths densely covered with short setae. 

Male: 5.6 mm. Antennal scape (fig. 8, 7) broad at apex; malar 
space one-fourth height of compound eye; combined widths of com- 
pound eyes slightly less than interocular width at level of antennal 
bases; inner tooth of metafemur sharp; petiole twice as long as wide, 
with lateral carinae obscure or wanting. 

Type locality —West Indies. 

Types.—C halcis No. 8, Fabricius collection, University of Kiel, Kiel, 
Germany, 5 specimens. Comparisons made by Dr. Olaw Schroeder, 
June 1936. Types much broken and moldy, sex not discernible. 


300 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 88 


There is some doubt that S. femorata is the correct name to use for 
this species, although it is fairly clear that Fabricius himself #* con- 
sidered his species Crabro femoratus and Chalcis punctata the same. 
He used the name pwnctata for it in all his later works. The name 
femorata, however, has priority. Since Fabricius did not observe 
priority in the use of names proposed by other authors, it is not sur- 
prising to find that he did not observe priority in the use of his own 
names. 

No specimens have been located that could be the types of Crabro 
femoratus Fabricius, so the specimens labeled Chalets punctata in the 
Fabricius collection at Kiel University have been taken as the types. 
Dr. Olaw Schroeder has kindly made a detailed study of these types 
for me. He states that the specimens sent for comparison are, on the 
basis of the structural characters I asked him to examine, the same 
as the types. 

Types for the synonyms: punctata Fabricius, type apparently the 
same as that of femorata; fasciata Olivier, lost; subpunctata Walker, 
lost; nzgropicta Cresson, 1816.1-1816.6, Academy of Natural Sciences 
of Philadelphia; ignea Cresson, 1812, Academy of Natural Sciences 
of Philadelphia; mirabilis Cresson, 1792.1-1792.2, Academy of Natural 
Sciences of Philadelphia, and 1656, U. S. National Museum. 

The available specimens of this species show distinct, but inter- 
grading, differences in structure. Almost all the forms of this 
species, both the extremes and the intermediates, have already been 
described and named. I prefer to retain the single name for all 
of them, as no reliable means has been found for separating them. 
The species Chalcis fasciata Olivier and Smiera subpunctata Walker 
have been synonymized with S. femorata by Kirby*® and as the 
types are lost, and the original descriptions show no reliable dis- 
tinctions, they may as well be left in synonymy. 

There are, in the Tropics, a great many species, both described 
and undescribed, closely related to this one. To judge from the 
collections of tropical Chalcididae I have seen, S. femorata is per- 
haps the commonest species of this group in the West Indies and 
Central America, particularly in cultivated areas. 

Hosts—I have seen no reared material of this species, but the 
following records of hosts have been published for Spilochalcis 
femorata: Laphygma frugiperda Abbot and Smith [Wilson], 
Heliothis obsoleta (Fabricius) [Winburn and Painter] (Lepidoptera, 
Noctuidae). 

Distribution —Florida, Georgia, Texas, Cuba, Haiti, Panama, 
Puerto Rico. 


144 Wntomologia systematica, vol. 2, p. 196, 1793. 
1 Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., vol. 17, p. 66, 1883. 


THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 301 


SPILOCHALCIS IGNEOIDES (Kirby) 
Figures 8, s; 9, t¢ 


Smicra igneoides Kirsy, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., vol. 17, p. 71, 1883.— 
Cresson, Synopsis of the families and genera of the Hymenoptera of 
America north of Mexico, p. 2338, 1887.—SmitrH, Geol. Surv. New Jersey, 
Catalogue of insects, p. 38, 1890.—DALLA Torre, Catalogus hymenopterorum, 
vol. 5,-p. 377, 1898.—SmitH, Ann. Rept. New Jersey State Board Agr., vol. 
27, suppl., p. 553, 1900.—ScHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera insectorum, fase. 97, 
p. 35, 1909. 

Smicra vittata ASHMEAD, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 12, p. x, 1885.—CrEsson, 
Synopsis of the families and genera of the Hymenoptera of America north 
of Mexico, p. 234, 1887.—Da ita Torre, Catalogus hymenopterorum, vol. 5, 
p. 383, 1898.—ScHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera insectorum, fase. 97, p. 36, 1909. 

Spilochalcis vittata (Ashmead) Gossarp, Florida Agr. Exp. Stat. Bull. 79, 
p. 288, 1905.—GiLLt, U. S. Dept. Agr. Dept. Bull. 371, p. 15, 1917; U. S. 
Dept. Agr. Farmers’ Bull. 843, p. 21, 1917.—Witson, Rept. Ent. Virgin 
Islands Agr. Exp. Stat. for 1921, p. 21, 1922; Virgin Islands Agr. Exp. Stat. 
Bull. 3, p. 21, 1923—Lvuerneizt, U. 8. Dept. Agr. Techn. Bull. 34, p. 74, 
1928.—WINBURN and PAINTER, Journ. Kansas Ent. Soc., vol. 5, p. 7, 1932. 

Spilochalcis mesillae CocKERELL, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6. vol. 19, p. 403, 
1897. 

At first glance this species seems quite distinct from all others, but 
it is actually difficult to find infallible characters to separate the fe- 
males from those of S. mariae (Riley). The female of this species 
can best be recognized by the following characters: Body rather long 
and narrow, transverse carinae of mesopraescutum strong, abdomen 
acuminate, forewings with a brown spot around the stigmal vein, 
metafemur with a small inner tooth; the longitudinal mesal stripe of 
the mesonotum usually gradually widens anteriorly. In the male the 
scape is strongly incised (fig. 8, s), but the pedicel is cylindrical (fig. 9, 
t) rather than triangular as in S. mariae (fig. 9, u). 

Description—Yellow or red with black markings; scrobe cavity, 
usually two small spots on frons just ventrad of ocelli, mesal stripe 
between posterior ocelli, occipital area, usually meson of pronotum, 
usually a broad, longitudinal band extending from apex of mesoscutel- 
lum to anterior margin of mesopraescutum, parapsidal furrows, some- 
times broad spots at anteromesal angles of lobes of mesoscutum, pos- 
terior margins of axillae, variable marks on mesopleuron, usually a 
dorsal stripe on metacoxa of female, with both a dorsal and ventral 
stripe in male, teeth of metafemur, usually a mesal stripe and areas 
around spiracles on propodeum, and apex of ovipositor sheath, black; 
male often with a black stripe on frontogenal suture; wings brownish, 
with a dark-brown spot surrounding stigmal vein. 

Female: 4.5-8.5 mm. Antennal scape exceeding, by one-fifth its 
length, level of posterior ocellus, pedicel five-sixths and ring seg- 
ment one-quarter length of segment 4, segment 4 slightly longer than 

188858—40-—_5 


302 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 88 


5, 5 to 8 equal, 9 and 10 slightly shorter, 11 and 12 combined equal to 
or slightly shorter than 10, 18 variable, usually minute; scrobe cavity 
shallow, margin indistinctly carinate at ventrolateral angles; one to 
three transverse carinae present in scrobe cavity just ventrad of an- 
terior ocellus; interantennal projection with anterior carina con- 
tinued up into scrobe cavity; frons with a few shallow pits near lateral 
margins, elsewhere minutely shagreened, several strong carinae ex- 
tending laterad from anterior ocellus; frontal tentorial pits located 
just laterad of antennal bases; malar space usually slightly less than 
one-third height of compound eye, in large specimens, slightly wider; 
frontogenal suture almost straight ; combined widths of compound eyes 
slightly greater than interocular space; left mandible with two teeth, 
right with three; diameter of posterior ocellus slightly less than two- 
thirds width of interocellar space. 

Surface of pronotum and mesoscutellum shallowly punctured, 
areas between punctures lightly shagreened, remainder of dorsum of 
thorax provided both with carinae and irregular punctures; pubes- 
cence long, fine; anterolateral angles of pronotum carinate, anterior 
dorsal carina interrupted on mesal one-quarter to one-third, prono- 
tum often with a carina at posterior margin on meson; prepectus 
narrow, apex not quite reaching tegula; apex of mesoscutellum with 
an extremely narrow, mesally depressed lamina; metepisternum 
shallowly pitted, areas between punctures almost glabrous, pubescence 
long; metacoxae glabrous on outer dorsal surface, covered with short 
setae on outer ventral surface, minutely shagreened near apex on 
ventral side; metafemur glabrous on outer surface, densely covered 
by short setae, ventral margin provided with 16 to 24 minute teeth, 
basal one slightly larger; small inner tooth present; apex of metati- 
bia acute. 

Propodeum with a few lateral setae, surface provided with strong 
mesal and apical carinae, laterobasal areas almost smooth, small tooth 
present at each posterolateral angle, spiracular openings oblique; 
petiole short, less than twice as long as wide, basal lamina nar- 
row, lateral carinae usually present near base, but almost always 
becoming obsolete before apex; gaster one-third to one-half longer 
than metafemur; abdominal tergites 4 to 7 each with a double row of 
lateral setae; eighth tergite minutely shagreened, sparsely setose, 
spiracular openings oval, anterior margin often with a minute 
rounded projection; cerci small, oval, located near posterior margin 
of epipygium; apex of ovipositor sheaths with long setae. 

Male: 4.5-6 mm. Inner margin of scape strongly incised (fig. 8, s), 
pedicel cylindrical (fig. 9, ¢), combined lengths of antennal segments 
11 and 12 usually equal to segment 13; malar space always with a 
single long seta on each side of frontogenal suture, width of malar 


THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 303 


space slightly less than one-third height of compound eye; combined 
widths of compound eyes one-fifth greater than interocular space at 
level of antennal bases; petiole slightly more than twice as long as 
wide; gaster usually equal in length to metafemur. 

Type locality —“United States.” 

Types.—Holotype, female, British Museum; comparisons made by 
Dr. Ch. Ferriére. Synonyms: vittata Ashmead, 40006, U. S. Na- 
tional Museum; mesillae Cockerell, 4075, U. S. National Museum. 

Dr. Ch. Ferriére has kindly sent me detailed sketches and notes on 
the type of this species. The type of S. vittata Ashmead differs only 
in having the color markings very small and the transverse carinae 
of the mesopraescutum slightly weaker. The type of S. mesillae 
Cockerell is larger and has very broad color markings on the thorax, 
but otherwise it cannot be distinguished. I have a series of 54 speci- 
mens from localities all over the United States, and in this series all 
gradations are present between the form of vittata, with its small 
color bands, and mesi/lae with the color bands very broad. 

The variation in coloration of this species seems to correlate very 
well with the mean temperatures of the localities where it has been 
collected, as the specimens from either high elevations or northern lo- 
calities have very broad markings, while specimens from southern 
localities or low altitudes have the color bands narrow. This varia- 
tion in color does not seem to correlate with variations in humidity, as 
specimens from the deserts of southern New Mexico or California are 
identical in coloration with specimens from the coast of Massachusetts. 

Hosts.—I have seen no reared material of this species, but the fol- 
lowing host records have been published under the name Spilochaleis 
vittata: Mineola indigenella Zeller [Gossard] (Lepidoptera, Pyrali- 
dae); Laphygma frugiperda Abbot and Smith [Wilson], Heliothis 
obsoleta (Fabricius) [Winburn and Painter] (Noctuidae). 

Distribution —Alberta, California, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indi- 
ana, Kansas, Massachusetts, Montana, New Hampshire, New Jersey, 
North Carolina, Oklahoma, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Texas, 
Virginia. 

SPILOCHALCIS MARIAE (Riley) 


Ficures 8, t; 9, wu; 10, k; 12, j 


Chalcis mariae Ritry, Amer. Ent., vol. 2, p. 101, 1870; 4th annual report on the 
noxious, beneficial and other insects of the State of Missouri, p. 109, 1872.— 
GENTRY, Can. Ent., vol. 9, p. 50, 1877—Bruner, Nebraska Agr. Exp. Stat. 
Bull. 14, p. 140, 1890; Rept. Nebraska State Hort. Soc. for 1891, p. 220, 1892; 
Preliminary introduction to the study of entomology, p. 101, 1894. 

Smicra mariae (Riley) Cresson, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, pp. 38, 52, 1872.— 
Gutover, Illustrations of North American entomology, pl. 1, fig. 33, 1878.— 
Cresson, Synopsis of the families and genera of the Hymenoptera of Amer- 
ica north of Mexico, p. 233, 1887.—SmitTH, Geol. Surv. New Jersey, Catalogue 


304 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 88 


of insects, p. 38, 1890.—Howargrp, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, vol. 1, p. 11, 
1895.—SmirH, Ann. Rept. New Jersey State Board Agr., vol. 27, suppl., p. 
554, 1900.—GirAvLT, Ent. News, vol. 25, p. 283, 1914. 

Spilochalcis mariae (Riley) HowArp, U. 8. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull. 5, pp. 6, 
35, 1885.—Datia Torre, Catalogus hymenopterorum, vol. 5, p. 285, 1898.— 
VIERECEK, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 32, p. 184, 1906.—Howarp and CHITTEN- 
DEN, U. S. Dept. Agr. Cire. 97, p. 7, 1908.—ScHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera in- 
sectorum, fasc. 97, p. 40, 1909.—SmirH, Ann. Rept. New Jersey State Mus. for 
1909, p. 649, 1910.—VirrEcr, Connecticut Geol. and Nat. Hist. Surv. Bull. 22, 
p. 527, 1916—Howarp and CHITTENDEN, U. 8. Dept. Agr. Farmers’ Bull. 701, 
p. 7, 1916.—RuvHL, Soc. Ent. Stuttgart, vol. 36, p. 11, 1921.—Barre, Ontario 
Dept. Agr. Bull. 224, p. 8, 1928.—Isrry, Arkansas Agr. Exp. Stat. Bull. 208, p. 32, 
1926.—LEonARD, Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Stat. Mem. 101, p. 976, 1928.— 
JOHNSON, Nantucket Maria Mitchell Assoc. Publ. 3, p. 109, 1930.—Mont- 
GOMERY, Can. Ent., vol. 65, p. 185, 19833.—ScHAFFNER and GRISWOLD, U. S. 
Dept. Agr. Misc. Publ. 188, p. 152, 1934. 

Spilochalcis trinidadensis ASHMEAD, Mem. Carnegie Mus., vol. 1, p. 487, 1904.— 
SCHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera insectorum, fase. 97, p. 41, 1909. 

Spilochalcis insularis ASHMEAD, Mem. Carnegie Mus., vol. 1, p. 437, 1904.— 
SCHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera insectorum, fase. 97, p. 40, 1909. 

The male of this species differs from all other North American 
species in the genus in having the antennal pedicel triangular in- 
stead of cylindrical (see fig. 9, w); the female is most easily recog- 
nized by the quite constant color pattern of the dorsum of the thorax, 
the short, stout petiole, with distinct lateral carinae, and the meta- 
femora being without an inner tooth. 

Description—Yellow or red with black markings; flagellum of 
antennae, occiput, mesal spot on anterior surface of pronotum, an- 
terior and posterior margins and longitudinal mesal stripe of meso- 
praescutum, parapsidal furrows, longitudinal mark on each lobe of 
mesoscutum, posterolateral angles of axillae, longitudinal mesal 
stripe of mesoscutellum, variable dorsal stripe or spot and apex of 
metacoxae, metatrochanters usually, teeth of metafemur, variable 
basal spot of propodeum, usually narrow transverse dorsal stripes 
on gaster, and apex of ovipositor sheaths, black; male almost always 
with both a dorsal and ventral black stripe on metacoxae. 

Female: 4.5-10 mm. Apex of antennal scape exceeding, by one- 
fourth its length, level of posterior ocelli, scape and ring segment 
usually equal in length, their combined lengths equal to segment 4, 
segments 4 to 7 usually equal, 7 sometimes slightly shorter, 8 and 9 
always shorter than 7, 10 variable in length, usually slightly shorter 
than 9, last three segments indistinctly divided, their combined 
lengths usually equal to segment 4; scrobe cavity shallow, edge cari- 
nate at ventral margin and on ventral one-half of lateral margins, 
the latter strongly curved mesad; interantennal projection with a 
slight anterior carina; frons with a few scattered, indistinct punc- 
tures, oblique carinae radiating from ventral and lateral margins 
of anterior ocellus, usually three transverse carinae present in scrobe 


THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 305 


cavity just ventrad of antennal bases; frontal tentorial pits located 
very near antennal bases, at level of ventral margin of scrobe cavity ; 
width of malar space approximately one-third height of compound 
eye; frontogenal suture straight; combined widths of compound 
eyes four-fifths interocular width at level of antennal bases; left 
mandible with two teeth, right with three; diameter of posterior 
ocellus usually two-thirds interocellar width, sometimes slightly less; 
vertex strongly depressed between posterior ocelli. 

Dorsum of thorax scatteringly covered by punctures and short, 
slightly irregular transverse carinae; pubescence indistinct; antero- 
lateral angles of pronotum carinate, anterior dorsal margin with 
carina varying from strong to weak, this carina interrupted on 
mesal one-eighth to one-third; parapsidal furrows distinct; prepec- 
tus usually concealed, occasionally visible as a very narrow, blade- 
like sclerite extending to tegula; apex of mesoscutellum with a 
minute lamina which is strongly depressed on meson; metepisternum 
partly glabrous, anteroventral angle sometimes minutely shagreened, 
a few shallow punctures present; metacoxae completely glabrous, 
sparsely covered by rather long pubescence except on outer dorsal 
surface; metafemur (fig. 12, 7) glabrous on outer surface, densely 
covered by short pubescence, ventral margin with 14 to 22 small, 
closely set teeth, the basal one larger; inner tooth wanting; metatibia 
with apex narrow, acute. 

Propodeum with two lateral areas at base covered by minute, 
irregular reticulations, well-developed carinae on meson and at apex, 
a blunt lateral projection present on either side of point of inser- 
tion of petiole, spiracular openings vertical; petiole usually as wide 
as long, occasionally slightly longer, basal lamina narrow, distinct 
lateral carinae present, area of petiole ventrad of lateral carinae 
lightly shagreened; gaster one-third to one-half longer than meta- 
femur, abdominal tergites three to seven each with a sparse row of 
lateral setae; eighth tergite minutely shagreened, sparsely covered 
by long setae, spiracular openings oval; cerci oval, small, located 
near posterior margin of epipygium, usually provided with five long 
setae; apex of ovipositor sheath densely covered with short setae. 

Male: 4-7 mm. Mesal margin of antennal scape strongly incised 
(fig. 8, ¢), pedicel triangular (fig. 9, wv); width of malar space one- 
quarter height of compound eye; combined widths of compound eyes 
equal to width of interocular space at level of antennal bases; petiole 
slightly longer than wide at widest point; cerci large, located midway 
between base and apex of ninth tergite. 

Type locality Missouri. 

Types.—Holotype, female, 2788, U. S. National Museum; the allo- 
type has apparently been lost, although both the male and female 
were mentioned in the original description. Synonyms: trinidaden- 


306 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vob. 88 


sis Ashmead, H. H. Smith collection, Carnegie Museum; insularis 
Ashmead, H. H. Smith collection, Carnegie Museum. 

The types of S. trinidadensis and S. insularis Ashmead are slightly 
smaller and more lightly colored than the typical S. mariae, but 
otherwise they do not differ. Size and color differences alone are 
not reliable specific differences in this genus. 

Hosts—Thyridopterye ephemeraeformis Haworth (Lepidoptera, 
Psychidae) ; Philosamia cynthia Drury, Samia cecropia (Linnaeus), 
Callosamia promethea Drury, Telea polyphemus Cramer, Rothschildia 
sp. (Saturniidae). 

Distribution—Arizona, Colorado, District of Columbia, Florida, 
Georgia, Illinois, Kansas, Louisiana, Maryland, Missouri, New Jer- 
sey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, 
Texas, Virginia, Wisconsin. 

Trinidad, B. W. I. 

SPILOCHALCIS CLORA, new species 
FIGURE 9, a 


This species differs only slightly from S. mariae (Riley) rede- 
scribed on page 304. 

Description—Female: Unknown. 

Male: 3.5-4 mm. Identical with the male of S. mariae (Riley) 
except in the following characters: Antennal scape narrow at base, 
broadened somewhat at apex (fig. 9, a), apex only shallowly ex- 
cavated, outer anterior angle rounded, rather than acutely produced, 
as in S. igneoides (Kirby) (fig. 8, s) or S. mariae (Riley) (fig. 8, ¢) ; 
pedicel cylindrical, three-fourths the length of segment 4, ring seg- 
ment one-half the length of 4, segments 5 to 10 equal in length, only 
slightly longer than wide, last three segments slightly shorter than 
10; width of malar space three-fourths the height of compound eye; 
frontogenal suture slightly curved; combined widths of compound 
eyes one-sixth to one-fifth wider than interocular space at level of 
antennal bases; diameter of posterior ocellus one-half the interocellar 
width; outer surface of metafemur slightly reticulated near dorsal 
margin, glabrous ventrad, ventral margin with 16 to 18 minute, 
closely set teeth; inner tooth lacking; petiole twice as long as wide, 
basal Jamina narrow, lateral carinae present only near base; gaster 
equal in length to metafemur. 

Type locality.—Texas. 

Types.—Holotype, male, College Station, Tex., September, Banks; 
paratypes, Mission, Tex., December 5, 1910, 2 males; Scott County, 
Ark., August 23, 1928, R. H. Beamer, 1 male. Holotype deposited 
in the U. S. National Museum, two paratypes in Illinois State 
Natural History Survey collection, one paratype in Kansas State 
College, Manhattan, Kans. 


THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 307 


A good series of material from the Southwestern States is needed 
so that it will be possible to associate the females of this species with 
these males. 

Host—Unknown. 

SPILOCHALCIS PHAIS, new species 


FIGureE 9, 0 


This species differs only slightly from S. mariae (Riley) redescribed 
on page 304. 

Description—Female: 5-6.5 mm. Except for the characters men- 
tioned in key above, identical with female of S. mariae. 

Male: 4-5 mm. Identical with the male of S. mariae, except ir. 
the following characters: Anteromesal margin of antennal scape only 
slightly sinuate near apex (fig. 9, 6), not strongly incised as in S. 
igneoides (Kirby) (fig. 8, s) or S. mariae (fig. 8, ¢), scape broadened 
from base to apex, apex deeply excavated, outer anterior apex 
rounded, rather than acutely produced, as in S. mariae (fig. 8, ¢); 
pedicel cylindrical, two-thirds the length of segment 4, ring segment 
one-quarter the length of segment 4, segments 5 to 10 equal, somewhat 
variable, usually longer than wide, last three segments slightly shorter 
than 10; width of malar space three-tenths the height of compound 
eye; frontogenal suture slightly curved; combined widths of com- 
pound eyes equal to or slightly greater than interocular space at level 
of antennal bases; diameter of posterior ocellus one-half the width 
of interocellar space; outer surface of metafemur glabrous, ventral 
margin provided with 12 to 18 minute, closely set teeth; petiole 
slightly less than twice as long as wide, basal lamina narrow, lateral 
carinae wanting; gaster slightly longer than metafemur. 

Type locality.—Texas. 

Types.—Holotype, male, Brownsville, Tex., May 1921, J. C. Brid- 
well; paratypes, Brownsville, Tex., May 1921, J. C. Bridwell, 1 male, 
C. H. T. Townsend, 409, 1 male, Victoria, Tex., 1 male, Maverick 
County, Tex., December 29, 1915, J. D. Mitchell, 1 male. All types 
deposited in the U. S. National Museum. 

Host.—The specimen collected by J. D. Mitchell in Maverick 
County, Tex., was reared from the pupa of a moth probably belong- 
ing to the family Ceratocampidae, although this host pupa is too 
poorly preserved to be identified accurately. 


The xanthostigma Group 


The xanthostigma group includes the genotype of Spilochalcis. 
Most of the species of Spilochalcis described from India and Africa are 
also apparently referable to this group. All the species of this group 
are rather rare, but most of them are widely distributed. 


308 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 88 


Aside from the short antennal scape, this group is recognized by the 
stout flagellum and the head being, when viewed from the dorsal 
aspect, nearly one-half as long as wide. The vertex is broadly rounded 
so that the anterior ocellus is directed somewhat dorsad rather than 
in the usual anterior direction; the thorax is, in all but one species in 
this area, quite compact and broad (fig. 10, ¢). The teeth of the 
metafemora are invariably minute and closely set, and the basal tooth 
is usually no larger than the following ones. 


KEY TO SPECIES OF THE XANTHOSTIGMA GROUP 


1. Female, ninth abdominal sternite concealed, antennal scape 


SION Cer Sis ee ae Se Re ee 2 
Male, ninth abdominal sternite exposed, aiteinel scape broad___--_-—_—_ 10 
2. Abdomen greatly elongated, acuminate, dorsal length of epi- 
pygium twice as great as length of eighth tergite-________ tanais (p. 309) 
Abdomen short, dorsal length of epipygium equal to or slightly 
lessithanplenethvot eighthvtersite 222 a ee ee eee 3 
SS Vetta nd ible swath wt ee mite bby eee eee ec juxta (p. 311) 
ett Mandible. watt wee tse ea ee 4 
4, Interantennal projection with a thin, conspicuously projecting 
hated a Lovie | key eayh abe (Sy Ssh ats OF pal (9/77) ee nee Sa ye areana (p. 313) 
Interantennal projection either smooth or with a minute anterior 
ETRE MN ak Ane ASE) EE EN iL OU IR Le ele 5 
5. Dorsum of pronotum with a distinct anterior carina (fig. 10, c¢) _-__--_-- 6 
Dorsum of pronotum acarinate at anterior margin____________________ *¢ 
6. Petiole less than twice as long as wide_____________________ apaiis (p. 315) 
Petiole three times as long as wide__________--_----_-_-__ melana (p. 316) 
7. Outer dorsal surface of metacoxa glabrous___+_--~-_-----_ -----.--_-- 8 
Outer dorsal surface of metacoxa shagreened_-___--_--__--~-_--_--___- 9 
8. Lateral ocelli almost contiguous with compound eyes_-_-- pallens (p. 819) 
Lateral ocelli separated from margins of compound eyes by a 
space at least equal to diameter of ocellus_______-______ xantha (p. 320) 
9. Width of space between posterior ocellus and margin of com- 
pound eye less than diameter of posterior ocellus______ odontotae (p. 321) 


Width of space between posterior ocellus and margin of com- 
pound eye greater than diameter of posterior ocellus_ subobsoleta (p. 328) 
10. Thorax elongate, slender (fig. 10, 6), width of posterior margin 


of mesopraescutum two-fifths its length_-.______-________ tanais (p. 309) 
Thorax short, compact (fig. 10, c), width of posterior margin of 
mesopraescutum\one-halt 1tstlenath=2ass eee ee eee 11 
ii siwvett mandipleiwithsthree teeth2oet sats ees ee eee juxta (p. 311) 
Left mandibles withitw 0) tee tea fo ele ee ee 12 
12. Interantennal projection with a thin, conspicuously projecting 
CNTR CO TebaMbersy, (BIS; 0c ae 7 (7 /) | i ee arcana (p. 3138) 
Interantennal projection either smooth or with a minute carina__-___-_--~~- 13 
13 7Outer, Gorsalssurfaceiot metacoxarelaprouss2 == ee 14 
Outer dorsal surface of metacoxa shagreened___---__________--______-- 15 
14. Lateral ocelli almost contiguous with compound eyes__---__ pallens (p. 319) 


Lateral ocelli separated from margins of compound eyes by a 
space at least equal to diameter of ocellus_-_-_______-____- lecta (p. 317) 


THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 309 


15. Anterior dorsal margin of pronotum with a transverse carina 


(iS WO Ss) sw te he Eee el ah melana (p. 316) 
Anterior dorsal margin’ of pronotum) acarinate=—— = 22s era ee 16 

16. Width of space between posterior ocellus and margin of com- 
pound eye one-third diameter of posterior ocellus______ odontotae (p. 321) 


Width of space between posterior ocellus and margin of com- 
pound eye equal to or slightly greater than diameter of pos- 


TOTO, (OCT esa a eS a el Me hr at eee ee ee Ang 
17. Frontal tentorial pits located near bases of antennae; dorsum of 
thorax blackj with) yellowispots= a2) 25222 2s 22s subobsoleta (p. 323) 


Frontal tentorial pits located midway between antennal bases 
and anterior margins of compound eyes; dorsum of thorax 
entirely (Dlack st Pees aie i ee eu ee ee pallipes (p. 825) 


SPILOCHALCIS TANAIS, new species 


Ficures 9, c; 10, b 


In having the antennal scape short, the flagellum stout, and the 
vertex broadly rounded, this species agrees with S. subobsoleta (Cres- 
son) but differs in having the scrobe cavity shallow, the body elongate 
rather than compact, the abdomen of the female acuminate instead 
of semiglobose, the mesopraescutum as long as wide at the widest 
point (fig. 10, 6), not wider than long (fig. 10, ¢), and the metafemora 
rather narrow instead of semiglobose. 

Description—Yellow with variable brown and black markings. 
The following areas usually brown: Apices of mandibles, areas of 
frons just cephalad of ocelli, occiput, mesal and two lateral spots on 
dorsum of pronotum, all but lateral margins of mesoscutum and 
praescutum, axillae except mesal angles, mesal area of mesoscutellum, 
most of ventral and lateral areas of thorax, metacoxae, and meta- 
femora except basal, apical, and dorsal spots, lateral margins and 
meson of propodeum, and transverse dorsal stripe on each segment of 
gaster. The following parts usually black: Mesal stripe between 
posterior ocelli, occiput near cervicum, longitudinal mesal stripe on 
mesopraescutum and scutellum, variable marks on pleura, cephalo- 
ventral angle of metepisternum, small area ventrad of propodeal 
spiracles, transverse stripes on eighth tergite and base of epipygium, 
and apex of ovipositor sheath. 

Female: 4-6 mm. Apex of antennal scape not quite reaching level 
of ventral margin of anterior ocellus, pedicel three-quarters and ring 
segment one-quarter length of segment 4, segment 5 slightly shorter 
than 4, segments 5 to 10 decreasing progressively in length, so that 10 
is one-quarter shorter than 4, 11 and 12 variable, usually equal to 10, 
13 one-half or less length of 10; scrobe cavity shallow, edge carinate 
only at ventral margin; interantennal projection with a minute dorsal 
carina; frons pitted lateral to scrobe cavity and on narrow lateral 
areas ventrad of antennal bases, elsewhere minutely reticulated, uni- 


310 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vob. 88 


formly but sparsely covered by rather long setae; frontal tentorial 
pits located slightly ventrad and laterad of antennal bases; width of 
malar space slightly less than one-third height of compound eye; 
frontogenal suture almost straight; combined widths of compound 
eyes almost equal to interocular width at level of antennal bases; 
left mandible with two teeth, right with three; diameter of posterior 
ocellus three-sevenths interocellar width. 

Dorsum of thorax shallowly and irregularly pitted, punctures lack- 
ing along anterior margin of mesopraescutum, areas between pits 
minutely reticulated; pubescence long, dense at posterior margin of 
pronotum, on meson and at posterior margin of mesopraescutum, 
parapsidal furrows, and lateral margins of mesoscutellum; antero- 
lateral angles of pronotum slightly carinate, anterior dorsal margin 
with a minute carina which is interrupted on mesal one-third; pa- 
rapsidal furrows distinct; only a small triangular area of prepectus 
visible at anterolateral angles of mesoscutum; mesoscutellum with a 
very narrow apical lamina; metepisternum thickly punctured and 
densely covered by long setae; metacoxa almost glabrous on outer 
dorsal and inner surfaces, elsewhere shallowly punctured and setose; 
metafemur with outer surface minutely reticulated, densely covered 
by short setae; outer ventral margin with 12 to 15 small teeth, basal 
one slightly larger than others; blunt inner tooth present. 

Propodeum with strong mesal and apical carinae, elsewhere mi- 
nutely shagreened, a small tooth present at each posterolateral angle, 
spiracular openings vertical; petiole short, only one and one-half 
times as long as wide, dorsal surface glabrous, basal lamina narrow, 
short lateral carinae present near base; gaster one-fourth to one- 
third longer than metafemur, abdominal segments 5 to 7 each with 
a pair of lateral patches of setae, segments 4 to 7 each with a double 
row of setae on dorsal surface; eighth tergite minutely reticulated, 
covered by rather long pubescence, spiracular openings round; epi- 
pygium conspicuously setose, cerci oval, situated near posterior mar- 
gin of epipygium; apex of ovipositor sheaths with dense, short, 
ventral setae. 

Male: 4mm. Antennal scape (fig. 9, ¢) slightly shorter than in 
female; width of malar space one-third height of compound eye; 
combined widths of compound eyes equal to interocular space; inner 
tooth of metafemur small, obscure; petiole twice as long as wide. 

Type locality.—California. 

Types.—Holotype, female, Saticoy, Calif., November 29, 1930, ex 
Gnorimoschema sp. pupa on Solanum; allotype, male, Childress, Tex., 
September 9, 1908, ex Gnorimoschema sp. pupa from stem of Polyg- 
onum pennsylvanicum, Hunter No. 1082, E. S. Tucker; paratypes, 
Brownsville, Tex., November 19, 1911, in pasture in southern Texas 
gardens, 1 female, November 23, 1910, sweeping on Indian Plains, 


THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 311 


1 female. Holotype and allotype deposited in the U. S. National 
Museum; paratypes deposited in Illinois State Natural History 
Survey collection. 

Host.—Gnorimoschema sp. (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae). 


SPILOCHALCIS JUXTA (Cresson) 
Fiagures 7, 9; 9, d 
Smicra juzta Cresson, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, pp. 38, 54, 1872.—-Camerron, 
Biologia Centrali-Americana, Hymenoptera, vol. 1, p. 87, 1884—Howakrp, 
U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull. 5, p. 34, 1885—Datzia Torre, Catalogus 
hymenopterorum, vol. 5, p. 378, 1898.—ScHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera insectorum, 
fase. 97, p. 35, 1909.—Cresson, The Cresson types of Hymenoptera, p. 75, 
1916. 
Spilochalcis nigropleuralis ASHMEAD, Mem. Carnegie Mus., vol. 1, p. 486, 1904.— 
ScHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera insectorum, fase. 97, p. 40, 1909. 

This compact species 1s most readily recognized by its rounded 
head, which is one-half as long as wide when viewed from the dorsal 
aspect, the stout antennal flagellum, and the strong lamina projecting 
cephalad from the interantennal projection (fig. 7, ). 

Description—Yellow with black markings; antennal flagellum 
dark brown, the three apical segments usually red; occipital area of 
head, all but lateral margins of mesopraescutum and lobes of meso- 
scutum, anterior basal areas of axillae, mesal longitudinal stripe of 
mesoscutellum, apices of metacoxae, small basal, apical, and ventral 
rectangular marks on outer side of metafemur, most of propodeum, 
entire petiole, and most of gaster, black. 

Female: 4.5-5 mm. Apex of antennal scape not quite attaining 
level of ventral margin of anterior ocellus, pedicel four-fifths and 
ring segment one-fifth length of segment 4, 4 to 10 equal in length, 
11, 12, and 13 shorter, their combined lengths one-fifth less than 
length of segments 9 and 10; scrobe cavity deep, edge carinate only 
at ventral margin; interantennal projection provided with a con- 
spicuous anterior lamina (fig. 7, g); frons with area between scrobe 
cavity and compound eyes somewhat produced cephalad, surface of 
frons densely punctured except immediately dorsad of clypeus; 
frontal tentorial pits usually obscure, located at level of ventral 
margin of scrobe cavity; malar space one-third height of compound 
eye; frontogenal suture extending in a low arc from compound eye 
to mandible, a strong secondary carina extending from point near 
dorsal articulation of mandible to posterior margin of compound 
eye; combined widths of compound eyes equal to interocular space 
at level of antennal bases; left mandible with three nearly equal 
teeth, right mandible with three teeth, ventral one largest; diameter 
of posterior ocellus three-fourths width of interocellar space. 

Dorsum of thorax coarsely punctate, spaces between punctures nar- 
row, minutely reticulated; pubescence long, generally sparse on meson 


312 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88 


of dorsal area; anterolateral margins of pronotum strongly carinate; 
anterior dorsal carina interrupted on mesal one-fifth; prepectus nar- 
row, tongue-shaped, extending to tegula; anterior margin of mesoscu- 
tellum with a minute mesal notch, apex of mesoscutellum with a nar- 
row, mesally depressed Jamina; metepisternum strongly punctured, 
pubescence long and dense; metacoxa rather squarely truncate at base, 
surface glabrous, provided with sparse, short pubescence on ventral 
side; outer surface of metafemur densely covered by short pubescence, 
from 17 to 24 small, blunt, closely set teeth present on ventral margin; 
distinct inner tooth present. 

Propodeum provided with a few large carinae, two lateral areas at 
base minutely shagreened, a small tooth present at each posterolateral 
angle, spiracular openings nearly vertical; petiole slightly more than 
twice as long as wide at widest point, basal lamina wide on ventral 
side, slightly narrower on dorsal side; prominent lateral grooves 
usually present; gaster slightly longer than metafemur, third abdomi- 
nal segment usually as long as all following segments combined, lateral 
row of setae usually present only on segment 4, although some speci- 
mens have a few lateral setae on segment 6 or 7; eighth tergite minutely 
reticulated, sparsely pubescent; spiracular openings minute, round; 
cerci oval, located near posterior margin of epipygium and provided 
with five to seven long setae; apices of ovipositor sheaths with a few 
ventral setae. 

Male: 44.5 mm. Antennal scape (fig. 9, @) stout; combined widths 
of compound eyes one-third less than width of interocular space at 
level of antennal bases; petiole two and one-half times as long as wide. 

Type. locality —Mexico. 

Types.—Holotype, female, 1808.1; paratype, 1808.2: Academy of 
Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Synonym: nigropleuralis Ash- 
mead, H. H. Smith collection, Carnegie Museum. 

The types of nigropleuralis Ashmead differ very slightly from those 
of S. jueta Cresson in the distinctness of the carinae of the genae. 
The available material shows this difference to intergrade. 

Host—Unknown. 

Distribution—I.unors: Monticello, June 11, 1934, Frison and 
DeLong, 1 male. Kansas: Atchison County, July 11, 1924, R. H. 
Beamer, 1 male. Maryianp: Cabin John, September 2, 1914, R. C. 
Shannon, 1 female. Texas: Brownsville, February 8, 1926, P. A. Glick, 
1 male. 

Mexico: Sumichrast, 2 females (holotype and paratype); Mata- 
moros, August 10-12, 1903, W. L. Tower, 1 female, 1 male. 

Trrniwap, B. W. I.:1 female, 1 male (cotypes of négropleuralis Ash- 
mead). 

Braz: Chapada, 1 female (cotype of nigroplewralis Ashmead). 


THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 313 


SPILOCHALCIS ARCANA (Cresson) 
FIGuRE 9, e 


Smicra arcana CrEsson, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, pp. 36, 44, 1872—How arp, 
U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull. 5, p. 33, 1885.—Cresson, Synopsis of the 
families and genera of the Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico, p. 
233, 1887.—DaLia Torre, Catalogus hymenopterorum, vol. 5, p. 373, 1898.— 
SCHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera insectorum, fase. 97, p. 34, 1909.—CrEsson, The 
Cresson types of Hymenoptera, p. 74, 1916. 

Smicra encausta Cresson, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, pp. 37, 46, 1872.— 
‘-Howarp, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull. 5, p. 34, 1885.—Cresson, Synopsis 
of the families and genera of the Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico, 
p. 233, 1887.—Datua Torre, Catalogus hymenopterorum, vol. 5, p. 376, 1898.— 
SCHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera insectorum, fase. 97, p. 35, 1909.—CrEsson, The 
Cresson types of Hymenoptera, p. 74, 1916. 

This usually red or orange species is most easily recognized by its 
compact form, short antennal scape and stout flagellum, very broad 
anterolateral carina of the pronotum, prominent anterior lamina on 
the interantennal projection, and the semiglobose metafemora with 
18 or more small, closely set teeth, the basal one of which is acute. 

Description.—Red, orange, or yellow with broad black marks; 
vertex and occiput, mesopraescutum except two wedge-shaped lateral 
marks, lobes of mesoscutum except anterolateral angles, axillae, nar- 
row longitudinal mesal and short apical marks on mesoscutellum, 
metacoxae except small dorsal stripe, central and small apical spots 
on outer side of metafemur, entire propodeum, petiole, and gaster, 
except bases of third and fourth segments, black. 

Female: 4-5 mm. Apex of antennal scape not quite reaching level 
of ventral margin of anterior ocellus, pedicel four-fifths and ring seg- 
ment two-fifths length of segment 4, 5 slightly shorter than 4, 5 to 11 
almost equal in length, 12 and 13 combined only slightly longer than 
11; scrobe cavity deep, edge carinate at ventral margin; interantennal 
projection provided with a strong anterior lamina; frons deeply and 
closely punctured, punctures tending to coalesce so as to form irreg- 
ular transverse and oblique carinae, frontal tentorial pits located just 
laterodorsad of antennal bases; width of malar space slightly less 
than one-half height of compound eye; frontogenal suture extending, 
for one-fourth its length, ventrad from compound eye, then curved 
abruptly toward mandible, genal area caudad of suture with three 
or four irregular transverse carinae; combined widths of compound 
eyes two-thirds interocular width at level of antennal bases; left 
mandible with two rather blunt teeth, right mandible with three 
acute teeth, ventral one largest; diameter of posterior ocellus slightly 
less than one-half interocellar width. 


314 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you. 88 


Dorsum of thorax deeply and thickly punctured, areas between 
punctures minutely reticulated; pubescence mostly short, but longer 
at posterior margins of pronotum and mesopraescutum; anterolat- 
eral angles of pronotum with a wide lamina, anterior dorsal carina 
interrupted on mesal one-fifth ; parapsidal furrows nearly obliterated ; 
prepectus narrow, its apex slightly overlapping anterior apex of 
tegula; mesoscutellum provided with a narrow apical lamina; met- 
episternum densely and deeply punctured, sparsely covered by long, 
slender setae; metacoxa stout, outer dorsal area glabrous or very 
nearly so, ventral and lateral areas provided with setae and large 
punctures; outer surface of metafemora densely covered by short 
pubescence, ventral margin with 19 to 24 small, acute, closely set 
teeth, basal one slightly larger and acute; inner tooth varying from 
acute to blunt; metatibia with apex acute. 

Propodeum covered by strong, rather irregular carinae, a minute 
tooth present at each posterolateral angle, spiracular openings nearly 
vertical; petiole short, glabrous on dorsal side, minutely reticulated 
on lateral side near base, basal lamina narrow; gaster somewhat 
compressed, usually slightly smaller than metafemur, third abdom- 
inal segment usually occupying half or more total length of gaster, 
abdominal segments 4 to 7 with sparse lateral setae at posterior mar- 
gins; eighth tergite minutely pitted and reticulated, sparsely covered 
by long setae, spiracular openings round; cerci small, almost round, 
located midway between anterior and posterior margins of epipygium; 
ovipositor sheaths provided with sparse, short ventral setae. 

Male: 4.5-5 mm. Antennal scape (fig. 9, ¢) short and stout; com- 
bined widths of compound eyes one-half interocular space at level of 
antennal bases; inner tooth of metafemur sharp; petiole slightly more 
than twice as long as wide. 

Type locality —Delaware. 

Types.—Holotype, male, 1786, Academy of Natural Sciences of 
Philadelphia. The female was described as Smicra encausta Cresson, 
from Colorado; type, 1789, Academy of Natural Sciences of Phila- 
delphia. 

The species S. encausta Cresson was originally stated to be de- 
scribed from a male, but the type is a female; it differs from the 
type of S. arcana only in having the anterolateral lamina of the 
pronotum slightly narrower, but is otherwise identical in structure 
(except in primary and secondary sexual characters), although some- 
what darker in color. Neither of these differences is of specific value. 

Host—Unknown. 

Distribution—Alabama, Colorado, Delaware, Illinois, Manitoba, 
Minnesota, Montana, North Dakota. 


THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 315 


SPILOCHALCIS APAIIS, new species 
Ficure 10, c 


In having the antennal scape short and the flagellum stout, while 
the head, from the dorsal aspect, is almost one-half as long as wide, 
this species agrees with S. juata (Cresson) but differs in that the 
left mandible has only two teeth instead of three, the dorsum of the 
thorax is flattened, and the metacoxae and femora are minutely 
shagreened instead of glabrous. 

Description Black; the following areas yellow: Frons laterad 
of scrobe cavity, genae, dorsal meson of pronotum, lateral margins of 
mesopraescutum and mesoscutum, mesal angles of axillae, basal and 
lateral margins of mesoscutellum, apices of profemora and meta- 
femora, all tibiae and tarsi, and subapical spot on outer ventral margin 
of metafemora; the following areas orange: Scape, pedicel, and seg- 
ments 3 to 5 of antennae, narrow band across vertex, dorsolateral 
areas of pronotum, anteromesal areas of mesopraescutum, small mesal 
spots on lobes of mesoscutum, subbasal area of mesoscutellum, outer 
dorsal side of metacoxae, outer surface of metafemora, apex of 
propodeum, and transverse dorsal stripes on abdominal segments 
3 and 4. 

Female: 2.5-3 mm. Apex of antennal scape not quite reaching 
level of ventral margin of anterior ocellus, pedicel one-third longer 
than segment 4, ring segment one-sixth length of pedicel, segment 9 
one-fifth longer than 4 and slightly longer than 6, 6 to 11 equal, 12 
and 13 slightly shorter; scrobe cavity deep, and inconspicuous carina 
present on ventral half of each lateral margin, a short transverse 
carina present in scrobe cavity Just ventrad of anterior ocellus; inter- 
antennal projection strongly produced cephalad but without a carina 
or lamina, frons deeply and densely pitted on area laterad of scrobe 
cavity, scatteringly punctured on lateral areas ventrad of antennal 
bases, impunctate on meson, pubescence long, scattered; frontal ten- 
torial pits located just laterad of antennal bases; width of malar space 
one-third height of compound eye; frontogenal suture slightly arced, 
almost straight; combined widths of compound eyes four-fifths or 
slightly more width of interocular space at level of antennal bases; 
left mandible with two teeth, right with three; width of interocellar 
space two and two-fifths times the diameter of posterior ocellus; head, 
from dorsal aspect, slightly less than one-half as long as wide. 

Dorsum of thorax (fig. 10, ¢) flattened, thickly covered with shal- 
low, irregular punctures, area at anterior margin of mesopraescutum 
not punctured but shagreened; pubescence long, white or yellow ; 
anterolateral angles of pronotum carinate, carina of anterior dorsal 
margin interrupted on mesal one-third; parapsidal furrows distinct ; 
prepectus narrow, just reaching tegula; apex of mesoscutellum with 


316 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 88 


a narrow flange, which is only slightly depressed on meson; metepi- 
sternum with large, deep pits, pubescence long, sparse; metacoxa 
minutely shagreened on outer dorsal side, ventral side with short 
setae; outer surface of metafemora densely covered with short setae, 
15-25 small, acute teeth present on ventral margin; inner tooth acute. 

Propodeum provided with strong mesal and apical carinae, two 
basolateral areas more weakly and irregularly carinate, areas between 
carinae minutely reticulated, spiracular openings slightly slanted 
laterad, propodeum with a small projection at each posterolateral 
angle; petiole slightly less than twice as long as wide, all exposed 
surfaces with minute shagreening and short carinae, basal lamina 
narrow, interrupted at dorsolateral angles, lateral carinae present ; 
gaster slightly longer than metafemur, abdominal tergites 4 to 7 
with sparse lateral setae; eighth tergite minutely reticulated, sparsely 
setose, spiracular openings round; cerci oval, located midway between 
anterior and posterior margins of epipygium; apex of ovipositor 
sheath with a few short setae. 

Male: Unknown. 

Type locality.—Texas. 

Types.—Holotype, female, Brownsville, Tex., May 26, 1919, C. 
Heinrich; paratypes, same data as holotype, 4 females. All types 
deposited in the U. S. National Museum. 

Host.—Unidentified microlepidopteron on Lantana horrida. 


SPILOCHALCIS MELANA, new species 


FIGURE 9, g 


This minute, black species bears a superficial resemblance to S. side 
(Walker), but the presence of a frontogenal suture in S. melana will 
separate them at once. This species is structurally close to S. apaiis, 
described above, in having the scape short, head broadly rounded, 
anterior margin of pronotum carinate, and the thorax broad and 
somewhat flattened (as in fig. 10, ¢) ; it differs in being almost entirely 
black instead of varicolored, having the petiole three times as long 
as wide (rather than only twice as long as wide), and having a 
minute carina on the interantennal projection. 

Description.—Black; mandibles, antennal scape, protibiae, meso- 
tibiae, and all tarsi, yellow. Conspicuously covered with long, white 
setae. 

Female: 2 mm. Apex of antennal scape not reaching level of 
ventral margin of anterior ocellus, pedicel one and one-half and ring 
segment one-third length of segment 4, segments 5 to 10 equal, as 
wide as long, last three slightly shorter; scrobe cavity shallow, al- 
most glabrous, lateral margins irregular; interantennal projection 
with a minute anterior carina; combined widths of compound eyes 


THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 317 


five-sevenths interocular space at level of antennal bases; width of 
malar space one-third height of compound eye; diameter of posterior 
ocellus slightly more than one-third interocellar space. 

Dorsum of thorax deeply and irregularly pitted, the pits tending 
to coalesce; anterolateral angles of pronotum carinate, anterior dor- 
sal carina rather irregular, interrupted on mesal one-quarter; parap- 
sidal furrows distinct; prepectus not quite reaching tegula; apical 
lamina of mesoscutellum not depressed on meson; metepisternum 
provided with large punctures except at posteroventral angle; meta- 
coxa shagreened on outer dorsal surface, pitted and setose elsewhere ; 
outer surface of metafemur shagreened and densely covered with 
rather long setae, outer ventral margin with 20 to 22 teeth, the basal 
one larger than others; sharp inner tooth present. 

Propodeum coarsely carinate, areas between carinae minutely 
reticulated, lateral teeth lacking, spiracles vertical; petiole three 
times as long as wide, surface minutely shagreened, lateral carinae 
present, basal lamina much wider on ventral than on dorsal side; 
gaster longer than metafemur, tergites 3 and 4 glabrous, their com- 
bined lengths greater than following ones combined, tergites 5 to 8 
minutely shagreened, lateral setae present on tergites 4 to 7; eighth 
tergite uniformly covered with long setae, spiracles oval ; cerci large, 
oval, provided with fine long setae and located near posterior mar- 
gin of epipygium; a patch of long, stiff setae ventrolaterad of each 
cercus. 

Male: 2mm. Antennal scape (fig. 9, g) broad and stout; width 
of malar space slightly more than one-third height of compound eye; 
combined widths of compound eyes equal to width of interocular 
space at level of antennal bases; diameter of posterior ocellus two- 
fifths interocellar space; petiole three times as long as wide. 

Type locality. —Ulinois. 

Types—Holotype, female, Dixon Springs, Ul., July 9, 1935, De- 
Long and Ross; allotype, male, Falls Church, Va., July 11, 1920, 
E. A. Chapin; paratypes, Oswego, N. Y., July 1, 1897, 1 male, Cham- 
paign, Ill., July 2, 1890, Hart and Marten, 1 female. Holotype and 
one paratype deposited in Illinois State Natural History Survey 
collection; allotype and one paratype in the U. S. National Museum. 

Host.—Unknown. 


SPILOCHALCIS LECTA (Cresson) 
FIcurE 9, f 


Smicra lecta Cresson, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, pp. 36, 44, 1872.—CAMERON, 
Biologia Centrali-Americana, Hymenoptera, vol. 1, p. 94, 1884——Howarp, 
U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull. 5, p. 35, 1885.—Datra Torre, Catalogus 
hymenopterorum, vol. 5, p. 878, 1898—-ScCHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera insec- 
torum, fase. 97, p. 34, 1909.—CrEsson, The Cresson types of Hymenoptera, 
p. 75, 1916. 
188858—40——6 


318 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vob. 88 


This species is most easily recognized by the head, from the dorsal 
aspect, being one-half as long as wide, with the scrobe cavity deep, 
the metacoxa with a completely glabrous outer dorsal surface, the 
abdominal petiole short, and the abdomen rather strongly compressed. 
S. lecta is quite similar in structure to the genotype, and apparently 
also to S. indica Mani, recently described from India.** 

Description.—Black with large yellow spots; anterior and meso- 
legs, frons, two large anterolateral areas of dorsum of pronotum, 
broad anterolateral spots of mesopraescutum, tegulae, all of meso- 
scutellum except narrow apical band, metatrochanters and meta- 
femora except variable spots on outer surface, yellow. 

Female: Unknown. 

Male: 4.5-5.5 mm. Antennal scape (fig. 9, f) with apex not quite 
reaching level of ventral margin of anterior ocellus, pedicel slightly 
longer than segment 4, ring segment one-half length of pedicel, 
segment 5 slightly shorter than 4, segments 5 to 10 equal, 11 and 12 
slightly shorter than 10, 18 equal to 10; scrobe cavity deep, edge 
carinate at ventral and dorsal margins, dorsal carina located just 
ventral to anterior ocellus; interantennal projection with a minute 
dorsal carina; frons deeply but scatteringly punctured laterad of 
scrobe cavity, ventrad of antennal bases a few irregular transverse 
carinae present, area laterad of scrobe cavity slightly produced 
cephalad; frontal tentorial pits located just laterad of antennal 
bases, slightly above level of ventral margin of scrobe cavity; width 
of malar space one-third height of compound eye; frontogenal 
suture arced; genal area posterior to suture with rather indistinct 
oblique rows of large punctures; combined widths of compound eyes 
slightly less than interocular width at level of antennal bases; left 
mandible with two acute teeth, ventral one larger, right mandible 
with three teeth somewhat blunted at apex, ventral one largest; 
diameter of posterior ocellus slightly less than one-half interocellar 
space; head, when viewed from dorsal aspect, slightly greater than 
one-half as long as wide. 

Dorsum of thorax densely and deeply pitted, areas between punc- 
tures minutely reticulated; pubescence mostly short, longer at poste- 
rior margins of pronotum and mesoscutellum; anterolateral angles of 
pronotum weakly carinate, anterior dorsal margin acarinate; parap- 
sidal furrows obscure; prepectus narrow, tonguelike, reaching tegula; 
apex of mesoscutellum provided with a very narrow, mesally depressed 
lamina; metepisternum strongly and densely punctured, spaces be- 
tween punctures glabrous, pubescence long and fine; metacoxae gla- 
brous on outer dorsal surface, elsewhere minutely, scatteringly punc- 
tured and setose; metafemora globose, outer surface minutely reticu- 


16 Ree. Indian Mus., vol. 37, p. 252, 1935. 


THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 319 


lated, densely covered by short setae, ventral margin with 18 to 25 
small, closely set teeth, the basal one rounded (as in fig. 12, /) ; inner 
tooth distinct, blunt. 

Propodeum covered with irregular, strong carinae, areas between 
carinae minutely reticulated, spiracular openings, almost vertical, no 
lateral propodeal projections present; petiole short, slightly less than 
twice as long as wide, glabrous on dorsal side, minutely reticulated 
on lateral and ventral sides, basal lamina narrow, interrupted at 
dorsolateral angles, distinct lateral carinae present, usually extending 
from base to apex but sometimes obliterated near apex; gaster com- 
pressed, slightly shorter than metafemur, abdominal tergites 4 to 7 
with a few lateral setae, eighth tergite minutely shagreened, sparsely 
setose, spiracular openings oval; cerci large, oval, located near pos- 
terior margin of ninth tergite. 

Type locality —Mexico. 

Types.—Holotype, male, 1805.1; paratype, 1805.2, 1 male: Academy 
of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 

Host—Unknown. 

Distribution —Trxas: Brownsville, June, 1 male, November 22- 
December 8, 1910, 5 males. 

Mexico: Sumichrast, 2 males (holotype and paratype). 


SPILOCHALCIS PALLENS (Cresson) 


Smiera palens Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Philadelphia, vol. 4, p. 96, 1865. 

Smiera pallens Cresson, The Cresson types of Hymenoptera, p. 76, 1916. 

Smicra pallens (Cresson) WALKER, Notes on Chalcidiae, p. 51, 1871.—CreEsson, 
Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, pp. 38, 54, 1872—Howarp, U. S. Dept. Agr. 
Bur. Ent. Bull. 5, p. 35, 1885.—Datxa Torre, Catalogus hymenopterorum, vol. 
5, p. 880, 1898.—ScHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera insectorum, fase. 97, p. 35, 1909. 

Spilochalcis pallens (Cresson) VickrRy, Journ. Econ. Ent., vol. 8, p. 391, 1915; 
Proc. Ent. Soe. Washington, vol. 27, p. 189, 1925.—LuaGInBILL, U. S. Dept. Agr. 
Techn. Bull. 34, p. 76, 1928.—Vickmry, U. S. Dept. Agr. Techn. Bull. 188, pp. 
21, 50, 1929. 

This minute, vaguely colored species is closely related to Spilochalcis 
xantha, described below, in having the thorax broad, the anterior 
margin of the pronotum acarinate, the head nearly one-half as long 
as wide, and the vertex broadly rounded; it differs in that the dorsum 
of the thorax is very coarsely (rather than lightly) punctured, the 
compound eyes and posterior ocelli are almost contiguous, the abdomen 
is distinctly acuminate (rather than semiglobose), and the basal tooth 
of the metafemur is acute rather than rounded. S. pallens is also 
slightly smaller and more vaguely marked than S. xantha. 

Type locality —Cuba. 

Types.—Holotype, female, 1793.1; allotype, male, 1793.3; paratypes, 
1793.2, 1793.4, 2 females, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 


320 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou, 88 


The allotype is labeled “variety” and may eventually be shown to 
represent another species. 

This species is known to me only from the types, but several refer- 
ences to it have appeared in the North American literature. I have 
not located the material on which these records were based. Vickery 
records several experiments performed with this species, and gives a 
partial life history. S. pallens is, like the other members of this genus, 
a pupal parasite; Vickery described the oviposition in pupae of Apan- 
teles marginiventris (Cresson). The males are produced partheno- 
genetically. 

Hosts—Meteorus laphygmae Viereck, Rogas laphygmae Viereck, 
Apanteles marginiventris (Cresson) (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) 
[Vickery]. 

Distribution.—Cuba, 3 females, 1 male (types). 


SPILOCHALCIS XANTHA, new species 


This species agrees with S. swhobsoleta (Cresson) in having the an- 
tennal scape short, the flagellum stout, the head, from the dorsal aspect, 
one-half as long as wide, and the basal tooth of the metafemur rounded 
instead of acute. It differs from that species in having the scrobe 
cavity shallow instead of deep, and the outer dorsal surface of the 
metacoxa glabrous instead of shagreened. Moreover, it is almost 
entirely yellow, while S. swhobsoleta is mostly black. 

Description—Yellow with brown or black markings; usually an- 
tennal flagellum, occiput, variable short, transverse mark at anterior 
margin and longitudinal mesal stripe of mesopraescutum, anteromesal 
areas of lobes of mesoscutum, anterior margins and posterolateral 
angles of axillae, usually a narrow longitudinal mesal stripe on meso- 
scutellum, variable marks on mesopleuron, sometimes a vague, round 
mark on dorsolateral surface of metacoxae, metafemoral teeth, variable 
basal stains on propodeum, usually most of gaster, black or brown. 

Female: 3.54 mm. Antennal scape short, apex not quite attaining 
level of ventral margin of anterior ocellus, pedicel equal in length to 
segment 6, ring segment with anterior margin oblique instead of 
transverse so that fourth antennal segment is narrower on mesal side 
than on outer side, segment 5 slightly shorter than 6, following seg- 
ments somewhat variable but all subequal; scrobe cavity shallow, 
margin completely acarinate; interantennal projection produced 
shghtly cephalad, provided with a faint carina near apex; frons 
lightly shagreened and covered by minute, slightly irregular carinae, 
these reticulations transverse ventrad of antennal bases, but laterad 
of scrobe cavity usually directed obliquely; frons with a few short, 
scattered setae; frontal tentorial pits located at level of antennal 
bases; width of malar space slightly less than one-quarter height of 


THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 321 


compound eye; frontogenal suture straight; combined widths of com- 
pound eyes three-quarters width of interocular space at level of an- 
tennal bases; left mandible with two teeth, right with three; diameter 
of posterior ocellus slightly less than one-half width of interocellar 
space; head, from dorsal aspect, one-half as long as wide. 

Dorsum of thorax shagreened and provided with scattered shallow 
punctures, pubescence sparse; anterolateral angles of pronotum 
weakly carinate, anterior dorsal margin acarinate; parapsidal fur- 
rows distinct; prepectus narrow, apex not quite reaching tegula; 
mesoscutellum with a narrow apical lamina, which is only slightly de- 
pressed on meson; metepisternum provided with deep punctures, 
areas between punctures glabrous; metacoxae glabrous, pubescent on 
outer ventral side; metafemora minutely reticulated on outer dorsal 
area, glabrous ventrad, sparsely setose, ventral margin with 16 to 20 
small closely set teeth, basal one rounded (as in fig. 12, &); inner 
tooth acute. 

Surface of propodeum provided with small, rather irregular cari- 
nae, areas between carinae minutely reticulated, spiracular openings 
vertical; petiole slightly less than twice as long as wide, glabrous 
on dorsal side, very lightly shagreened on ventral side, basal lamina 
wide on ventral and lateral sides, wanting on dorsal side, minute 
lateral carinae present; gaster usually equal to length of metafemur, 
very slightly compressed ; abdominal segments 4 to 7 each with a single 
sparse row of lateral setae; eighth tergite lightly shagreened, almost 
glabrous, spiracular openings round; cerci large, oval, located slightly 
nearer posterior than anterior margin of epipygium and provided with 
three setae; apex of ovipositor sheath with a few short ventral setae. 

Male: Unknown. 

Type locality —Arizona. 

Types.—Holotype, female, Sabino Basin, Santa Catalina Moun- 
tains, Ariz., September 5, C. H. T. Townsend; paratypes, Highrolls, 
N. Mex., May 31, 1902, 1 female; Sabinal, Tex., April 1910, Pierce and 
Pratt, 1 female; Alice, Tex., February 27, 1909, F. C. Pratt, 1 female. 
Holotype and two paratypes deposited in the U. S. National Museum; 
one paratype in Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. 

Host-——Unknown. 


SPILOCHALCIS ODONTOTAE Howard 
Fiauke 9, h 


Spilochalcis odontotae Howarp, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull. 5, p. 7, 1885; 
Ent. Amer., vol. 1, p. 117, 1885.—-Datta Torre, Catalogus hymenopterorum, 
vol. 5, p. 385, 1898—CHITTENDEN, Remedies for insect pests, p. 4, 1901.— 
Corton, Ohio Nurs. and Orch. Insp. Bull. 7, p. 18, 1906.—ScHMIEDEKNECHT, 
Genera insectorum, fase. 97, p. 40, 1909.—SmirH, Ann. Rep. New Jersey 
State Mus. for 1909, p. 640, 1910. 


S22 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou, 88 


Smicra odontotae (Howard) Cresson, Synopsis of the families and genera of 
the Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico, p. 234, 1887. 

This small, dull-yellow species is most easily recognized by its 
short antennal scape and stout flagellum, with the ring segment 
one-half the length of segment 4, the shallow scrobe cavity, the head, 
from the dorsal aspect, being one-half as long as wide, and a strong 
carina on the genal area of the head, extending from the base of 
the mandible to the lateral ocellus. 

Description.—Dull yellow with brown markings; all dorsal sutures 
of thorax, vague mesal stripe near apex of mesopraescutum, broad 
irregular longitudinal mesal stripe of mesoscutellum, variable areas 
on pleuron and venter, teeth of metafemur, lateral areas of propo- 
deum, and transverse bands on abdominal tergites 5 to 8, brown; the 
head of one female specimen is bright red, but another specimen of 
the same sex has the head yellow. 

Female: 3.5 mm. Apex of antennal scape not quite attaining level 
of ventral margin of anterior ocellus, pedicel one-fourth longer than 
and ring segment one-half length of segment 4, segments 4 to 10 
equal in length and as wide as long, last three segments slightly 
shorter; scrobe cavity shallow, interantennal projection with a minute 
dorsal carina; frons laterad and dorsad of scrobe cavity coarsely 
punctate, area ventrad of antennal bases provided with a few ir- 
regular punctures, spaces between punctures minutely reticulated; 
frontal tentorial pits located near eye margins slightly dorsad of 
antennal bases; width of malar space one-third height of compound 
eye; frontogenal suture arced; on gena, a strong carina extends 
from midpoint of base of mandible around posterior margin of com- 
pound eye to posterior ocellus; combined width of compound eyes 
equal to width of interocular space at level of antennal bases; left 
mandible with two acute teeth, right with three; diameter of pos- 
terior ocellus two-fifths interocellar space. 

Dorsum of thorax covered by shallow, irregular punctures, area 
at anterior margin of mesopraescutum without punctures, but mi- 
nutely shagreened ; pubescence long, dense, white; anterolateral angles 
of pronotum minutely carinate, anterior dorsal margin acarinate; 
parapsidal furrows distinct; prepectus narrow, fingerlike, not quite 
reaching tegula; mesoscutellum with a narrow apical lamina; met- 
episternum strongly punctured, pubescence long and dense; metacoxae 
minutely shagreened, shallowly pitted and setose on outer ventral 
side; metafemur rather slender, outer surface minutely reticulated, 
densely covered by short setae, ventral margin with 16 to 18 small, 
acute teeth, basal one slightly larger; inner tooth acute. 

Propodeum provided with irregular, strong carinae, areas between 
carinae almost glabrous, one small lateral projection present at each 


THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 323 


posterolateral angle, spiracular slits almost vertical ; petiole slender, 
twice as long as wide, dorsal surface minutely reticulated, almost 
glabrous, basal lamina slightly wider on ventral than on dorsal side, 
lateral carinae present; gaster flattened on dorsal surface, slightly 
longer than metafemur, abdominal tergites 4 to 7 with long lateral 
setae; eighth tergite minutely reticulated, and provided with long, 
sparse setae, spiracular openings round; cerci oval, located near 
posterior margin of epipygium, usually provided with three long 
setae; apex of ovipositor sheath with a few long ventral setae. 

Male: 3 mm. Antennal scape (fig. 9, 2) short, stout; malar space 
slightly less than one-third height of compound eye; combined widths 
of compound eyes equal to width of interocular space at level of 
antennal bases; petiole two and one-half times as long as wide; gaster 
shorter than metafemur. 

Type locality.—Washington, D. C. 

Type.—Holotype, male, 2624, U. S. National Museum. 

Host-—Chalepus dorsalis Thunberg [=Odontota scutellaris (Oli- 
vier)] (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). 

Distribution.—District or Corumpi1a: Washington, July 31, 1884, 
3025°, 1 male (holotype); August 12, 1884, 3025°*, 1 female, 1 male, 
all three specimens reared from Ohalepus dorsalis mining leaves of 
Robinia pseudoacacia. Norra Carourna: Tin City, July 10, 1934, 
F. S. Blanton, 1 female. 


SPILOCHALCIS SUBOBSOLETA (Cresson) 
Ficures 9, 1; 12, k 


Smicra subobsoleta Cresson, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, pp. 36, 42, 191, 
1872.—Howarp, U. 8. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull. 5, p. 36, 1885.—CrEsson, 
Synopsis of the families and genera of the Hymenoptera of America north 
of Mexico, p. 234, 1887—Datia Torre, Catalogus hymenopterorum, vol. 5, 
p. 382, 1898.—ScHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera insectorum, fase. 97, p. 36, 1909.— 
Cresson, The Cresson types of Hymenoptera, p. 76, 1916. 

Smicra bioculata Cresson, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, pp. 36, 43, 192, 1872.— 
Howarp, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull. 5, p. 33, 1885.—ASHMEaD, Trans. 
Amer. Ent. Soe., vol. 13, p. 125, 1886.—Cresson, Synopsis of the families 
and genera of the: Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico, p. 233, 1887.— 
Datta Torre, Catalogus hymenopterorum, vol. 5, p. 374, 1898.—ScHMIEDE- 
KNECHT, Genera insectorum, fasc. 97, p. 34, 1909.—CrEsson, The Cresson 
types of Hymenoptera, p. 74, 1916. 

Spilochalcis bioculata (Cresson) ViERECK, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 32, p. 
184, 1906. 

Smicra bioculata faceta Cresson, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, p. 43, 1872; 
Synopsis of the families and genera of the Hymenoptera of America north 
of Mexico, p. 233, 1887.—Daria Torre, Catalogus hymenopterorum, vol. 5, 
p. 374, 1898—ScHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera insectorum, fasc. 97, p. 34, 1909.— 
Cresson, The Cresson types of Hymenoptera, p. 75, 1916. 


324 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 88 


This species is most easily recognized by its compact body, with 
the antennal scape short and flagellum stout, the head, from the dorsal 
aspect, one-half as long as wide, the metafemora semiglobose and 
with 18 or more minute ventral teeth, the basal one rounded, not acute 
(fig. 12, %), and the abdomen strongly compressed. 

Description.—Black with yellow markings; anterior and mesolegs, 
frons, all dorsal area of pronotum except narrow mesal spot, broad, 
wedge-shaped lateral spots of mesopraescutum, tegulae, lobes of 
mesoscutum except variable longitudina] mesal mark, usually small 
ventral spot at apex of metacoxa, basal and variable dorsal and apical 
spots of metafemur, yellow; abdomen varying from black to rufous. 

Female: 44.5 mm. Apex of antennal scape not quite reaching 
level of ventral margin of anterior ocellus, pedicel slightly longer 
than segment 4, ring segment one-half length of pedicel, segments 
4 to 11 equal in length, 12 and 18 slightly shorter; scrobe cavity deep, 
edge indistinctly carinate at dorsal and ventral margins, several in- 
distinct transverse carinae usually present in scrobe cavity just ven- 
trad of anterior ocellus; interantennal projection with a minute dorsal 
carina; deep, closely set punctures on frons lateral to scrobe cavity, 
punctures scattered ventrad of antennal bases, tending to coalesce to 
form irregular transverse carinae; frontal tentorial pits located just 
laterad of scrobe cavity, at level of ventral margin; width of malar 
space one-third height of compound eye; frontogenal suture for one- 
half its length extending directly ventrad from compound eye, then 
abruptly curved toward mandible; area of gena posterior to fronto- 
genal suture usually with three oblique rows of large punctures; com- 
bined widths of compound eyes slightly more than one-half inter- 
ocular width at level of antennal bases; left mandible with two acute 
teeth, the ventral one larger, right mandible with three teeth, the 
middle one smallest and most blunt; diameter of posterior ocellus 
slightly less than one-half interocellar width. 

Dorsum of thorax densely and coarsely pitted, areas between 
punctures minutely reticulated; pubescence short except at posterior 
dorsal margin of pronotum and on mesoscutellum; anterolateral 
angles of pronotum weakly carinate, dorsal anterior margin acarinate ; 
parapsidal furrows obscure; prepectus narrow, tongue-shaped, slightly 
overlapping anterior apex of tegula; apex of mesoscutellum provided 
with a narrow, mesally depressed lamina; metepisternum deeply and 
closely punctured; metacoxae minutely shagreened on outer dorsal 
surface, strongly punctured and _ setose elsewhere; metafemora 
globose, outer surface minutely reticulated, ventral margin with 18 to 
26 small, closely set teeth, basal one rounded, not acute (fig. 12, &) ; 
inner tooth large, usually acute; metatibia with apex acute or blunt. 


THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 320 


Propodeum thickly covered by irregular, closely set caxinae, areas 
between carinae minutely reticulated, lateral propodeal projections 
wanting, spiracular openings nearly vertical; petiole short, less than 
twice as long as wide, minutely shagreened on dorsal] side near base, 
slightly more strongly shagreened on lateral and ventral sides, basal 
lamina narrow, strong lateral carinae present; gaster compressed, 
usually somewhat shorter than metafemur, abdominal tergites 4 to 7 
with lateral setae; eighth tergite minutely shagreened, sparsely cov- 
ered by long setae, spiracular openings round; cerci oval, located 
slightly nearer anterior than posterior margin of epipygium; apex of 
ovipositor sheath with a dense tuft of long ventral setae. 

Male: 4.5-5.5 mm. Antennal scape (fig. 9, 7) stout, sinuate; width 
of malar space one-fourth height of compound eye; combined widths 
of compound eyes two-thirds width of interocular space at level of 
antennal bases; inner tooth of metafemur blunt; petiole varying from 
slightly more than one-third to one-half as wide as long. 

Type locality—Texas. 

Types.—Holotype, male, 1436, U. S. National Museum. The female 
was described as Smicra bioculata Cresson, from Texas; types: 02- 
oculata Cresson, 1784, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 
and 1652, U. S. National Museum; dioculata faceta Cresson, 1653, U. S. 
National Museum. 

The types of S. subobsoleta Cresson and S. bioculata Cresson show 
distinct color differences, but intermediates between the two are readily 
found; they differ structurally in that béoculata has the apex of the 
metatibia rather blunt, while it is acute in subobsoleta. All varia- 
tions between these two extremes were found in the material secured 
for study, and one specimen was found which had one tibia acute 
and the other blunt. The type of S. béoculata faceta has the yellow 
spots very light, but is otherwise identical with the typical form of 
this species. 

Host.—Unknown. 

Distribution.—Colorado, Florida, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Montana, 
North Dakota, South Dakota, Texas, Wyoming. 


SPILOCHALCIS PALLIPES (Smith) 
FIGURE 9, j 


Chalcis flavipes ASHMEAD (not Panzer), Trans, Amer. Ent. Soc., Voleios ps xi 
1885.—Cresson, Synopsis of the families and genera of the Hymenoptera of 
America north of Mexico, p. 234, 1887. 

Chalcis pallipes SmirH, Ent. Amer., vol. 2, p. 19, 1886. 

Chalcis pallidipes Datta Torre, Catalogus hymenopterorum, vol. 5, p. 391, 1898. 

Smicra flavipes (Ashmead) Data TorkE, ibid., p. 3877.—SCHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera 
insectorum, fase. 97, p. 35, 1909. 


326 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88 


This species is known to me only from the type, a single male 
specimen collected in Jacksonville, Fla., by W. H. Ashmead, and an- 
other specimen collected in the same city by Mrs. A. T. Slosson. Both 
specimens are, unfortunately, in very poor condition, but they show 
a few slight characters that serve to distinguish them from S. sub- 
obsoleta (Cresson), which they closely resemble. Larger series of 
specimens will probably show that these differences are not of specific 
value, but, as no intergrades have as yet been found, it is better to 
consider these specimens as representatives of a distinct species. 

Description —Male: 3.5 mm. Identical in all respects with the 
male of S. subobsoleta (Cresson) except in the following particulars: 
Dorsum of thorax entirely black, without any color spots; antennal 
scape (fig. 9, 7) short and stout; frontal tentorial pits located at level 
of ventral margin of scrobe cavity, midway between antennal bases 
and anterior margins of compound eyes; width of malar space slightly 
less than one-third height of compound eye; area of gena caudad of 
frontogenal suture provided with short, irregular carinae and minute 
reticulations; combined widths of compound eyes three-fourths width 
of interocular space at level of compound eyes; diameter of posterior 
ocellus slightly less than one-third width of interocellar space; apex 
of mesoscutellum provided with a narrow lamina which is only very 
slightly depressed on meson; apex of metatibia acute; no lateral pro- 
jections present on propodeum; petiole one-half as long as wide, 
glabrous on dorsal side. 

Female: Unknown. 

Type locality —F lorida. 

Ty pe.—Holotype, male, 51946, U. S. National Museum. 

Host.—Unknown. 

Distribution.—F Lora : Jacksonville, W. H. Ashmead, 1 male (holo- 
type) ; Mrs. A. T. Slosson, 1 male. 


The side Group 


The side group of species comprises the most distinct section of the 
genus Spilochalcis. 'These species are all small or minute, predom- 
inantly black, and provided with small, irregular color spots. The 
lack of a frontogenal suture and the malar space being almost always 
one-half or more the height of the compound eye will most readily 
distinguish these species, but, in addition, they always have the clypeus 
nearly as long as wide, and possess an extremely shallow scrobe cavity. 
All have two teeth on the left mandible and three on the right, and the 
reticulations of the body are minute and irregular, with glabrous sur- 
faces almost completely absent. An inner tooth is always present on 
the metafemora, and the outer ventral teeth are numerous and minute. 


THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS B21 


There is invariably a row of four or six small, round colored spots 
along the anterior dorsal margin of the pronotum, although these 
markings are rather indistinct in some specimens. 

This group is clearly related to some species of the femorata group; 
several, such as S. hirtifemora (Ashmead) and S. elachis, new species, 
are excluded from this group and placed in the femorata group only 
by the possession of a frontogenal suture and a somewhat narrower 
malar space. More than half the material of Chalcidini I have ob- 
tained for study has been specimens referable to the séde group. 
Some of the species in this group are parasites of insect pests, and 
numerous references to them have appeared in the economic liter- 
ature. It has been possible to secure for study much of the material 
on which these references were based. As the types for these species 
have not, so far as I know, been studied before, it is not surprising 
that misidentifications should have occurred. Specific differences in 
this group are much more critical than in the other groups of the 
genus, and the “habitus” of all the species is quite similar. 

The color pattern of all species in this group is fundamentally the 
same. Hence, a generalized color description is given here for all 
the species of the group. This applies, with slight discrepancies, to 
all the species. 

Color description.—Black with small, variable greenish-white, red, 
or yellow spots: mandibles, variable spots on frons, two mesal and 
four lateral spots on dorsal side of pronotum, anterolateral angles of 
mesopraescutum, and scutum, large lateral spots on mesoscutellum, 
variable ventral, basal, and apical spots on outer surface of meta- 
femur, usually a lateral row of two to six spots on each side of gaster, 
greenish white, red or yellow; abdominal segments 3 to 5 of female 
often dull red. Teneral specimens are rufous instead of black. 


KEY TO SPECIES OF THE SIDE GROUP 


1. Male, ninth abdominal sternite exposed, antennal scape broad__--__-----~- 2 

Female, ninth abdominal sternite concealed, antennal scape 
NATE TO Waa, 28h Ue Oe EE ee a ee 8 

2. Mesopraescutum with two rounded, impunctate anterior eleva- 
Gira Ss Fhe Bia ae LB De dema (p. 3380) 

Mesopraescutum with surface uniformly covered with large 
punctures, surtace- not elevated] s==) 322 ee 3 

8. Antennal scape extremely stout, with a prominent, darkened 
anterior carina (fig. 9, 1), apex exceeding level of vertex___________--__- 4 

Antennal scape more slender, without a darkened anterior car- 
ina (fig. 9, m—o), apex not exceeding level of vertex_____________-_-__ 5 


4. Antennae inserted dorsad of ventral margins of compound eyes, 
malar space less than two-thirds height of compound eye; 
basal lamina of petiole forming a 60° to 70° angle with dorsal 
surface of petiole (as in fig. 13, 7) ------------_ sanguineiventris (p. 335) 


328 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 88 


10. 


Ja 


13. 


Antennae inserted on a level with ventral margins of compound 
eyes, Malar space more than three-quarters height of compound 
eye; basal lamina of petiole at a right angle to dorsal surface 
of petiole (asin Hess ie) = ween a eee flavopicta (p. 331) 


. Entire area of frons laterad and ventrad of scrobe cavity yellow 


or whitish; diameter of lateral ocellus greater than width of 
area between lateral ocellus and inner margin of compound 


CY lace IN a i el A A leptis (p. 340) 
Not haying ¢haticombinationt of Characters ee ee | 6 

. A small glabrous patch present in scrobe cavity just dorsad 
Of 'EAEN AUTEM Va Se eee a ae ae ele DE RS aha EY ete ee rere 7 
Scrobe cavity lacking glabrous areas___________________ delumbis (p. 342) 


. Frons with a circumflex-shaped yellow mark just dorsad of 


mouth parts: a small dark brown or black area present just 


GOLSA GEOL: Eliya ee ee Ree so ee ee albifrons (p. 339) 
Entire frons ventrad of antennal bases yellow: area just dorsad 
OLFC)LYPCUS YL] wees ee RE a Saye ee eae side (p. 336) 
. Mesopraescutum with two round, impunctate anterior eleva- 
ETO YS toe esi ANB a Sl A Ag Nae Lhe Oe da dema (p. 330) 
Mesopraescutum with surface uniformly covered by large 
punctures; surface mot (elevated icee ota a eee ek ee 9 


. Maximum dorsal length of epipygium greater than length of 


eighth tergite (ratios varying from 14:9 to 12:9)___ flavopicta (p. 331) 
Maximum dorsal length of epipygium equal to or less than 
length (of jeishthutengites 222002 unk ee nl Pe es Tae 10 
Antennae inserted dorsad of ventral margins of compound 
eyes; width of interantennal space equal to or greater than 
width of space between antennal fossa and compound eye; 
frons possessing a pair of vertical foveae ventrad of antennal 
bases; clypeus one and one-half times as wide as long. 
sanguineiventris (p. 335) 
Not having that.combinationief characters2=—— = eee eee 11 
Diameter of posterior ocellus greater than width of space be- 
tween ocellus and margin of compound eye; antennal flagellum 
dark on’ dorsal’side and light ventrad= == leptis (p. 340) 
Diameter of posterior ocellus less than width of space between 
ocellus and margin of compound eye; antennal flagellum 
ULL POT TID pL COL Oya a ss he Ee ale Le IS 12 


. Propodeum with two basolateral areas shagreened, these areas 


surrounded by strong, confused carinae; coxal flange at apex 

ofemetepisternum sSmooth sss 85 Paes ee ea ee 13 
Propodeum entirely rugose, not having basolateral shagreened 

areas; coxal flange at apex of metepisternum with two or 


three minute carinae parallel with margin_____________ delumbis (p. 342) 
Tergites at base of gaster rufous or red; each tergite of gaster 
usually with a pair of lateral yellow spots_________-________ side (p. 336) 


All abdominal tergites black; usually only basal and apical ter- 
gites of gaster with lateral yellow spots__-_____________ albifrons (p. 339) 


THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 329 


Figure 13.—Abdominal structures of Chalcidini. 


a, Spilochalcis nigricornis ( Fabricius): Propodeum, dorsal aspect. 

b, Spilochalcis delicata (Cresson): Propodeum, posterior aspect. 

c, Spilochalcis nortoni (Cresson): Propodeum, dorsal aspect. 

d, Spilochalcis zanthostigma (Dalman): Petiole and gaster, lateral aspect. 
e, Chalcis myrifex (Sulzer): Petiole and gaster, lateral aspect. 

f, Chalcis microgaster Say: Petiole and gaster, lateral aspect. 

g, Chalcis barbara (Cresson): Petiole and gaster, lateral aspect. 

h, Ceratosmicra meteori, new name: Petiole and gaster, lateral aspect. 

i, Spilochalcis dema, new species: Petiole and gaster, lateral aspect. 

j, Metadontia amoena (Say): Petiole and gaster, lateral aspect. 


330 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 88 


SPILOCHALCIS DEMA, new species 
FicuREs 9, k; 13, i; 14, i 
Spilochalcis sp. MoNTGOMERY, Can. Ent., vol. 65, p. 187, 1933. 


This species is most closely related to S. favopicta (Cresson), but the 
female differs in that the malar space is nearly as wide as the height of 
the compound eye, not one-half as wide, the thorax is wider and more 
compact with two round, impunctate elevations on the mesoprae- 
scutum, and the longitudinal dorsal length of the epipygium of the 
female is twice as great as the length of the eighth tergite (fig. 
13,7). The males of the two species differ most conspicuously in that 
the male of favopicta has the antennal scape extremely large (fig. 9, 7), 
while it is quite narrow in this species (fig. 9, /). 

Descripti ion—Male: 3-5.5 mm. Antennae inserted at level of ventral 
margins of compound eyes, apex of scape slightly exceeding level of 
ventral margin of anterior ocellus, pedicel four-fifths and ring segment 
one-fifth length of segment 4, 5 equal to pedicel, segments 5 to 9 equal 
in length, 10 very slightly shorter, 11 one-sixth shorter than 9, 12 
and 13 equal and shorter than 11, scrobe cavity shallow, edge indis- 
tinctly carinate at ventral margin; interantennal projection wide, 
without an apical lamina; frons shagreened over entire surface, 
sparsely covered by rather long setae; width of malar space three- 
fourths height of compound eye; combined widths of compound eyes 
two-thirds width of interocular space at level of apex of interantennal 
projection; left mandible with two equal, acute teeth, right mandible 
with three, the dorsal one slightly larger; diameter of posterior ocellus 
two-fifths width of interocellar space. 

Dorsum of thorax minutely shagreened, provided with large pits 
except on two rounded anterolateral areas of mesopraescutum; pos- 
terolateral angles of pronotum produced in small, rounded projec- 
tions; prepectus narrow, fingerlike, slightly overlapping anterior 
apex of tegula; apex of mesoscutellum provided with a very narrow, 
mesally depressed lamina; metepisternum deeply, scatteringly pitted, 
areas between pits minutely shagreened, pubescence short; metacoxae 
minutely shagreened over entire surface, punctured and setose except 
on outer dorsal surface; metafemora globose, outer surface minutely 
shagreened, thinly covered by short setae, outer ventral margin with 
18 to 23 small, closely set teeth, basal one slightly larger; inner 
tooth large, blunt. 

Dorsal surface of propodeum strongly carinate except on two baso- 
lateral areas, the latter covered by small confused reticulations, a 
small apical projection present on each side of point of insertion of 
petiole, spiracular slits slightly curved laterad; petiole short, only 
slightly longer than wide; minutely shagreened and with distinct 
lateral carinae, basal lamina narrow; gaster usually equal in length 


THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 331 


to metafemur, abdominal tergites 4 to 7 with rows of lateral setae; 
eighth tergite minutely shagreened, sparsely covered by moderately 
long setae, spiracular openings round; cerci oval, located near pos- 
terior margin of ninth tergite. 

Type locality.—Indiana. 

Types.—Holotype, female, Bedford, Ind., August 31, 1931, ex 
Gelechia nundinella,; allotype, male, Bedford, Ind., September 9, 1931, 
ex Gelechia nundinella; paratypes, Bedford, Ind., August 15-Septem- 
ber 24, 1931, ex Gelechia nundinella, 7 females, 5 males; Lawrence 
County, Ind., June 23, 1933, ex Gelechia nundinella, Musgrave, 3 
females; Alamogordo, N. Mex., May 9, 1902, 1 female; Atherton, Mo., 
May 15, 1922, C. F. Adams, 1 female. Holotype, seven female and 
five male paratypes deposited in the U. S. National Museum; three 
paratypes in the Illinois State Natural History Survey collection; 
one paratype, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, and one 
paratype, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kans. 

Host.—Gelechia nundinella Zeller (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae). 


SPILOCHALCIS FLAVOPICTA (Cresson) 
Ficures 7, e; 9, 1; 14, j 


Smiera flavopicta Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Philadelphia, vol. 4, p. 99, 1865.— 
Cresson, The Cresson types of Hymenoptera, p. 75, 1916. 

Smicra flavopicta (Cresson) Watkerr, Notes on Chalcidiae, p. 51, 1871.—Cres- 
son, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, pp. 36, 41, 1872—-Howarp, U. S. Dept. 
Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull. 5, p. 34, 1885.—AsHMmeap, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 
13, p. 125, 1886.—Cresson, Synopsis of the families and genera of Hymenop- 
tera of America north of Mexico, p. 233, 1887——AsHMEAD, Trans. Amer. Ent. 
Soc., vol. 14, p. 183, 1887.—Datta Torre, Catalogus hymenopterorum, vol. 
5, p. 337, 1898.—ScHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera insectorum, fasc. 97, p. 35, 1909. 

Spilochalcis sp. Pierce, Journ. Econ. Ent., vol. 1, p. 382, 1908.—Prerce ET AL., 
U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull. 100, pp. 41, 49, 1912—Hunter and Pierce, 
U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull. 114, p. 141, 1912—MiroHeLt and Prerce, 
Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, vol. 13, p. 55, 1912. 

Smicra delira Cresson, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, pp. 36, 41, 191, 1872.— 
ASHMEAD, ibid., vol. 12, p. x, 1885.—Howakgp, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull. 
5, p. 34, 1885.—Cresson, Synopsis of the families and genera of the Hymenop- 
tera of America north of Mexico, p. 233, 1887.—Datta Torre, Catalogus 
hymenopterorum, vol. 5, p. 375, 1898.—ScHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera insectorum, 
fasc. 97, p. 34, 1909. 

Spilochalcis delira (Cresson) Howarp, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull. 5, p. 7, 
1885.—VIERECK, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 82, p. 184, 1906.—Smiru, Ann. 
Rep. New Jersey State Mus. for 1909, p. 649, 1910.—Bortimer, Journ. Agr. 
Res., vol. 33, p. 803, 1926—CusHMan, ibid., vol. 34, p. 620, 1927. 

Smicra decempunctata ASHMEAD, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 9, p. xxrx, 1881.— 
Howapgp, U. 8. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull. 5, p. 34, 1885.—Cresson, Synopsis 
of the families and genera of the Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico, 
p. 233, 1887.—Datta Torre, Catalogus hymenopterorum, vol. 5, p. 375, 
1898.—ScHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera insectorum, fasc. 97, p. 34, 1909. 


332 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 88 


Smicra mendica Cresson, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, pp. 36, 41, 1872.— 
CaMERON, Biologia Centrali-Americana, Hymenoptera, vol. 1, p. 94, 1884.— 
Howakrp, U. 8. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull. 5, p. 35, 1885.—AsuHMeEap, Trans. 
Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 14, p. 183, 1887.—Datuia Torre, Catalogus hymenop- 
terorum, vol. 5, p. 379, 1898.—ScHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera insectorum, fase. 
97, p. 35, 1909.—Cresson, The Cresson types of Hymenoptera, p. 75, 1916. 

This species is most easily recognized, in the female, by the longi- 
tudinal dorsal length of the epipygium being one and one-half times 
the length of the eighth tergite; the male has an extremely stout 
antennal scape which is inserted on a level with the ventral margins 
of the compound eyes, and the apex exceeds the level of the posterior 
ocelli. 

Description—Male: 3.5 mm. Antennae inserted on a level with 
ventral margins of compound eyes (fig. 7, e), apex of scape exceeding 
level of vertex, pedicel four times as long as and ring segment one- 
half length of segment 4, segments 5 and 6 equal to or slightly longer 
than 4, 7 to 10 progressively longer, so that 10 is one-half longer than 
4, last three slightly shorter; scrobe cavity shallow, margin entirely 
without carinae, or with a very indistinct ventral one, a glabrous 
area just laterodorsad of each antennal base; interantennal pro- 
jection broad, usually with a minute dorsal carina; frons covered by 
minute reticulations over entire surface, reticulations forming vague, 
minute parallel carinae on area laterad of scrobe cavity; width of 
malar space three-fourths or more height of compound eye; com- 
bined widths of compound eyes one-fifth less than width of inter- 
ocular space at level of apex of interantennal projection; left man- 
dible with two blunt teeth, right mandible with three acute teeth; 
diameter of posterior ocellus slightly less than one-half width of 
interocellar space. 


Figure 14.—Male terminalia of Chalcidini. 


a, Chalcis divisa (Walker): Ninth sternite. 
b, o, Chalcis lasia, new species: b, Ninth sternite; 0, male genitalia (Oe, aedeagus; 
Sag, sagitta; Sh, ovipositor sheath), 
c, Chalcis neptis, new species: Ninth sternite. 
d, Chalcis flebilis (Cresson): Ninth sternite. 
e, Chalcis barbara (Cresson): Ninth sternite, 
f, Chalcis canadensis (Cresson): Ninth sternite. 
g, Chalcis microgaster Say: Ninth sternite. 
h, Podagrion mantis Ashmead: Terminal abdominal segments, lateral aspect. 
(C, cercus; Oe, aedeagus; Sp, spiracle.) 
1, Spilochalcis dema, new species: Penis valve. 
j, Spilochalcis flavopicta (Cresson): Penis valve. 
k, Spilochalcis sanguineiventris (Cresson): Penis valve. 
l, Spilochalcis side (Walker): Penis valve. 
m, Spilochalcis leptis, new species: Penis valve. 
n, Spilochalcis delumbis (Cresson): Penis valve. 


333 


CHALCIDINI—BURKS 


THE TRIBE 


Fiaure 14.—See opposite page for explanation. 


334 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 88 


Dorsum oi thorax closely and irregularly pitted, pubescence scat- 
tered, fine, slightly longer and thicker at posterior margins of 
mesopraescutum and axillae, and Jateral and posterior margins of © 
mesoscutellum; anterolateral and sublateral angles of pronotum pro- 
duced, rounded, anterior dorsal margin acarinate; parapsidal furrows 
well defined: prepectus narrow, apex blunt, extending to tegula; apex — 
of mesoscutellum with a mesally depressed, narrow lamina; metepi- 
sternum strongly and densely punctured, provided with only scattered 
fine setae; metacoxa shagreened on outer dorsal surface, lightly pitted 
and pubescent on ventral side; metafemur minutely reticulated, pro- — 
vided with short pubescence, ventral margin with 18 to 22 small, 
closely set teeth, the basal one slightly larger; inner tooth acute or 
slightly blunted. 

Propodeum strongly carinate on meson and at apex, two large, 
minutely reticulated lateral areas at base, a pair of minute projections 
at lateroventral angles of propodeum, spiracular openings slanting 
slightly laterad: petiole twice as long as wide, entire surface 
shagreened, basal lamina narrow, from lateral aspect, appearing to be 
at right angles to dorsum of petiole, indistinct lateral carinae present; 
abdominal segments 4 to 7 each with a pair of dorsolateral patches of 
setae; eighth tergite minutely reticulated, provided with sparse, fine 
setae, spiracular openings oval; cercus located near apex of ninth 
tergite, usually provided with three long setae; penis valve (fig. 14, 7). 

Type locality.—Cuba. 

Types.—Holotype, female, 1810, Academy of Natural Sciences of 
Philadelphia. The male was described as Smicra delira Cresson from 
Texas; type, 1655, U. S. National Museum. Synonyms: decempune- 
tata Ashmead, 51945, U. S. National Museum; mendica Cresson, 1802, 
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 

Reared materials have shown that S. favopicta Cresson, described 
from Cuba, and S. delira Cresson, described from Texas, are the sexes 
of the same species. The type of S. decempunctata Ashmead, de- 
scribed from Florida, differs neither in color nor in structure from 
the type of 8. flavopicta Cresson. The type of S. mendica Cresson, a 
male from Mexico, differs from the type of S. delira Cresson only in 
being slightly smaller, lighter in color, and having the darkened an- 
terior carina of the antennal scape extending almost to the base, 
rather than only one-half the distance from the apex to the base; 
intergrades for all these characters are present in the available 
material. 

Hosts—Ancylis comptana Froehlich, Evetria frustrana Comstock 
(Lepidoptera, Eucosmidae); Homoecosoma electellum Hulst, Acro- 
basiz sp. (Pyralidae); Phalonia sp. (Phaloniidae). A single male 
was found dead inside a cotton boll, along with the remains of a pupa 


THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 335 


of Anthonomus grandis Boheman (Coleoptera, Curculionidae), and 
another single male was reared in Texas from an unidentified (prob- 
ably dipterous) gall. 

Distribution—Alabama, Arizona, California, Delaware, Florida, 
Georgia, Maryland, Mississippi, New Mexico, North Carolina, Ore- 
gon, South Carolina, Texas, Virginia. 

Cuba, Mexico. 


SPILOCHALCIS SANGUINEIVENTRIS (Cresson) 
Ficure 14, k 


Smicra sanguineiventris Cresson, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, pp. 36, 43, 
191, 1872.—Howakgp, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull. 5, p. 35, 1885.—Cresson, 
Synopsis of the families and genera of the Hymenoptera of America north 
of Mexico, p. 234, 1887——Datxta Torre, Catalogus hymenopterorum, vol. 5, 
p. 381, 1898 —ScHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera insectorum, fasc. 97, p. 36, 1909. 

Spilochalcis sp. CHITTENDEN and RussELL, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull. 6, 
p. 63, 1909. 

The male of this species resembles that of S. favopicta (Cresson) in 
having the antennal scape extremely large (as in fig. 9,7) with the apex 
exceeding the level of the vertex, but differs in that the malar space is 
less than two-thirds the height of the compound eye, the petiole has 
the basal flange, from the lateral aspect, appearing to be at an angle 
of 60° to 70°, not at 90°; in both flavopicta and this species, the prox- 
imal, nonfused part of the penis valve is short and stout, but it is 
somewhat more rounded in this species (fig. 14, 4), and the distal por- 
tion is slenderer in this species than in flavopicta. The female of 
sanguineiventris is the only one of the side group having the antennae 
inserted dorsad of the ventral margins of the compound eyes, and the 
epipygium, which is equal to or shorter than the eighth tergite, will 
separate it from the female of favopicta. 

Description—Male: 2.64 mm. Antennal scape stout, exceeding 
level of posterior ocelli, pedicel twice as long, and ring segment one- 
third as long as segment 4, segments 4 to 10 equal, last three shorter, 
sutures obscured by long, moderately dense setae; scrobe cavity shal- 
low, margin acarinate, a glabrous patch present just dorsolaterad 
of each antennal base; width of malar space varying from three-fifths 
to almost two-thirds height of compound eye; combined widths of 
compound eyes three-fourths interocular space at level of apex of 
interantennal projection; diameter of posterior ocellus one-third 
interocellar space; width of head, from dorsal aspect, usually equal to 
maximum dorsal width of thorax. 

Prepectus completely concealed by projecting angle of mesoscutum:; 
apex of mesoscutellum with a minute, mesally depressed lamina; 
metepisternum irregularly pitted, ventral pits larger than dorsal ones; 


336 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 88 


metacoxae uniformly shagreened, outer surface with shallow pits 
and short pubescence; outer surface of metafemora lightly shagreened 
and sparsely covered with short pubescence, ventral margin with 17 to 
20 teeth, basal one slightly larger; small, blunt imner tooth present. 

Propodeum shagreened, strongly carinate only laterad, a minute 
tooth present at each posterolateral angle, spiracles curved laterad; 
petiole two to two and one-half times as long as wide, surface sha- 
greened, lateral carinae vague or wanting entirely; gaster slightly 
longer than metafemur; eighth tergite sparsely setose; spiracles oval, 
almost round; cerci circular or slightly oval, placed near apex of 
ninth tergite; penis valve short and narrow (fig. 14, *). 

Type locality.—Texas. 

Type.—1658, U. S. National Museum, female. 

Hosts—(?) Prodenia eridania Cramer (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) ; 
Exema conspersa (Mannerheim) (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). 

Distribution —F lorida, Georgia, Texas, Virginia. 


SPILOCHALCIS SIDE (Walker) 
Figures 9, m; 14, 1 


Smiera side Waker, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, ser. 1, vol. 2, p. 145, 1848.—Crrs- 
son, Proc. Ent. Soc. Philadeiphia, vol. 1, p. 228, 1862. 

Smicra side (Walker) Waker, Notes on Chalcidiae, p. 51, 1871.—Cresson, 
Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, p. 55, 1872.—Howarp, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. 
Ent. Bull. 5, p. 36, 1885.—Cresson, Synopsis of the families and genera of 
the Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico, p. 234, 1887.—DaALLA Torre, 
Catalogus hymenopterorum, vol. 5, p. 381, 1898—ScHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera 
insectorum, fase. 97, p. 36, 1909. 

Smicra torvina Cresson, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, pp. 36, 40, 191, 1872.— 
Howakrp, U. 8S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull. 5, p. 36, 1885.—ASHMEa«D, Trans. 
Amer. Ent. Soce., vol. 18, p. 125, 1886.—Cresson, Synopsis of the families and 
genera of the Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico, p. 234, 1887.— 
DALia Torre, Catalogus hymenopterorum, vol. 5, p. 383, 1898.—SmirH, Ann. 
Rep. New Jersey State Board Agr., vol. 27, suppl., p. 554, 1900.—ScHMIEDE- 
KNECHT, Genera insectorum, fasc. 97, p. 36, 1909.—CrEsson, The Cresson 
types of Hymenoptera, p. 76, 1916.—CHITTENDEN, U. S. Dept. Agr. Dept. Bull. 
914, p. 1, 1920—Hoveu, Virginia Agr. Exp. Stat. Bull. 259, p. 18, 1927. 

Spilochalcis torvina (Cresson) Titus, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Hnt. Bull. &, p. 39, 
1905.—VirrEck, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 32, pp. 184, 221, 227, 1906.—Snow, 
Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci., vol. 20, p. 129, 1907.—SmirH, Ann. Rep. New Jersey 
State Mus. for 1909, p. 649, 1910.—VirrEecK, Connecticut Geol. and Nat. Hist. 
Surv. Bull. 22, p. 527, 1916—CHITTENDEN, U. S. Dept. Agr. Dept. Bull. 914, 
p. 11, 1920.—GriRAvLt, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 58, p. 192, 1920.—VicKkrEsry, 
Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, vol. 27, p. 189, 1925.—PrrcH and ARMSTRONG, 
Ann. Rep. Quebec Soc. Prot. Plants, No. 18, p. 104, 1926——MursrEseckK and 
DoHANIAN, U. S. Dept. Agr. Dept. Bull. 1478, p. 19, 1927.—-LucInpBiit, U. 8. 
Dept. Agr. Techn. Bull. 34, p. 77, 1928—Vickrry, U. S. Dept. Agr. Techn. 
Bull. 138, p. 21, 1929.—Giniespin, Maine For. Serv. Bull. 7, p. 15, 1982.—Krmrer 
and Jones, California Dept. Agr. Monthly Bull. 22, p. 388, 1983.—DoNrr, Ann. 
Ent. Soe. Amer., vol. 29, p. 234, 19386. 


THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 337 


Smicra tourina SmiruH, Geol. Surv. New Jersey, Catalogue of insects, p, 38, 1890. 

Smicra delira CHITTENDEN, U. 8S. Dept. Agr. Dept. Bull. 914, p. 11, 1920.—Hoveu, 
Virginia Agr. Exp. Stat. Bull. 259, p. 18, 1927. (Misidentifications.) 

Spilochalcis delira Vickery, Journ. Econ. Wnt., vol. 8, p. 391, 1915.—Marcn, Journ. 
Agr. Res., vol. 10, p. 1, 1917.—OTAveEs and Sison, Philippine Agr. Reyv., vol. 20, 
p. 251, 1927.—Vickrry, U. 8. Dept. Agr. Techn. Bull. 188, p. 32, 1929.—NertT xs, 
Journ. Econ. Ent., vol. 27, p. 816, 1934. (Misidentifications. ) 

Spilochalcis sp. UNDERHILL, Virginia State Crop Pest Comm. Quart. Bull. 6, 
p. 6, 1924—CusHMa4n, Journ. Agr. Res., vol. 34, pp. 619, 622, 1927.—Finx, 
ibid., vol. 44, p. 555, 1932. 

This common species is most easily recognized in the male by the 
broadly rounded vertex, the antennae inserted slightly dorsad of the 
ventral margins of the compound eyes, with the apex of the scape 
not exceeding the level of the posterior ocelli, the elongate pedicel 
(fig. 9, m) and the entire frons ventrad of the antennal bases being 
yellow. The female is recognized by its broadly rounded vertex, the 
basolateral areas of the propodeum being shagreened rather than 
carinate, and the basal tergites of the gaster rufous or red. 

Description—Male: 3-4 mm. Antennae inserted slightly dorsad of 
ventral margins of compound eyes, scape (fig. 9, m) not exceeding 
level of posterior ocelli, pedicel always at least one and one-half times 
as long as segment 4, often nearly twice as long, ring segment one- 
half length of segment 4, flagellar segments variable, 4 to 7 usually 
equal, 8 to 12 slightly longer, 18 equal to 7; scrobe cavity shallow, 
margin acarinate, a glabrous spot present in scrobe cavity just dorsad 
of each antennal base; frons minutely shagreened, provided with con- 
spicuous white pubescence; interantennal projection minutely carinate; 
malar space one-half height of compound eye; left mandible with two 
acute teeth, right with three; combined widths of compound eyes 
equal to or slightly greater than interocular width at level of antennal 
bases; diameter of posterior ocellus slightly more than one-third width 
of interocellar space. 

Dorsum of thorax shallowly and irregularly pitted, areas around 
parapsidal furrows impunctate; pubescence stout, white; antero- 
lateral angles of pronotum slightly produced; anterior dorsal margin 
acarinate; prepectus narrow, reaching tegula; apex of mesoscutellum 
provided with a narrow, mesally depressed lamina; metepisternum 
shagreened, surface provided with large shallow punctures; meta- 
coxae shagreened on outer dorsal side, obscurely punctured and 
setose on outer ventral surface; metafemora minutely reticulated, 
sparsely covered with short setae; outer ventral margin with 14 to 
18 minute teeth, basal one larger and slightly blunted; small inner 
tooth present. 

Propodeum usually entirely without setae, a few sometimes pres- 
ent at sides, surface shagreened, mesal and apical carinae present, a 
minute lateral projection at each posterolateral angle, spiracular 


338 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 88 


openings oblique; petiole shagreened, three to three and one-half 
times as long as wide, basal lamina narrow, lateral carinae usually 
wanting, sometimes vaguely indicated near base; gaster slightly 
longer than metafemur; abdominal segments 4 to 7 with a few sparse 
lateral setae; eighth tergite obscurely shagreened, provided with a 
few slender setae; spiracles oval; cerci obovate, located near posterior 
margin of ninth tergite; penis valve (fig. 14, 7). 

Type locality —¥F \orida. 

Type.—Holotype, female, British Museum; comparisons made by 
Dr. Ch. Ferriére. Types for the synonym: torwina Cresson, 1671, 
U. S. National Museum, and 1780, Academy of Natural Sciences of 
Philadelphia. 

As can be seen from the host list given below, this species has been 
reared from a number of diverse Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, and para- 
sitic Hymenoptera. It has been reared as a primary and secondary 
parasite. It would seem doubtful that the forms reared from ail 
these hosts should belong to the same species, although they are 
morphologically identical or the slight differences discernible be- 
tween some specimens can be shown to intergrade. It has not been 
possible as yet to rear this parasite through more than one generation, 
but it may be that more successful biological studies will show that 
the same forms will oviposit in all these diverse hosts. If such is 
the case, the selection of a host by this species is governed solely by 
the availability of that host. All the host species for S. s¢de occur 
in about the same environment. 

Doner *’ has given a brief life history of this species, under the name 
Spilochalcis torvina (Cresson). He reared it as a rare primary pupal 
parasite of Coleophora pruniella. 

Hosts —Laphygma frugiperda Abbot and Smith (Lepidoptera, 
Noctuidae) ; Paralechia pinifoliella Chambers, Recurvaria piceaella 
Kearfott (Gelechiidae) ; Ancylis comptana Froehlich, Ancylis divisana 
Walker (Eucosmidae); Choreutis silphiella Busck (Glyphiptery- 
gidae) ; Plutella maculipennis Curtis (Plutellidae) ; Argyresthia thui- 
ella Packard (Yponomeutidae) ; Coleophora laricella (Hiibner), Coleo- 
phora malivorella Riley, Coleophora fletcherella Fernald, Coleophora 
salmani Heinrich, Coleophora pruniella Clemens (Coleophoridae) ; 
Bucculatrix thurberiella Busck (Lyonetidae). 

Orchestes pallicornis Say, Hypera rumicis (Linnaeus), Phytono- 
mus nigrirostris Fabricius (Coleoptera, Curculionidae). 

Angitia plutellae Viereck, Angitia hellulae Viereck (Hymenoptera, 
Ichneumonidae) ; Afezeorus versicolor (Wesmael), Apanteles militaris 
(Walsh) (Braconidae). 


7 Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., vol. 29, p. 234, 1936. 


THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 339 


Distribution—Arizona, British Columbia, California, Colorado, 
Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, 
Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, 
Montana, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, 
Ohio, Oklahoma, Ontario, Oregon, Quebec, Saskatchewan, South Da- 
kota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin. 


SPILOCHALCIS ALBIFRONS (Walsh) 


Chalcis albifrons WALSH, Trans. Illinois State Agr. Soc., vol. 4, p. 369, 1861.— 
Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Philadelphia, vol. 1, p. 229, 1862.—Watsu, Trans. 
Illinois State Agr. Soc., vol. 5, p. 483, 1865.—Ritry, 2d annual report on the 
noxious, beneficial and other insects of the State of Missouri, p. 52, 1870.— 
WaALEER, Notes on Chalcidiae, p. 46, 1871.—Riry, 8th annual report on the 
noxious, beneficial and other insects of the State of Missouri, p. 54, 1876.— 
Tuomas, 10th report of the State entomologist of Dllinois, p. 40, 1881.— 
Packarp, Guide to the study of insects .. ., p. 208, 1889. 

Smicra albifrons (Walsh) Cresson, Trans. Amer. Bnt. Soc., vol. 4, pp. 35, 39, 
1872; Synopsis of the families and genera of Hymenoptera of America 
north of Mexico, p. 283, 1887. 

Spilochalcis albifrons (Walsh) Howakgp, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull. 5, p. 
7, 1885; U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Techn. Ser. Bull. 5, p. 34, 1897.—ScHMIEDE- 
KNECHT, Genera insectorum, fase. 97, p. 88, 1909.—SmiruH, Ann. Rep. New Jer- 
sey State Mus. for 1909, p. 649, 1910.—GrravLt, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 
58, p. 192, 1920.—DunnMAN, Journ. Agr. Res., vol. 34, p. 154, 1927.— 
LEonARD, Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Stat. Mem. 101, p. 976, 1928—Wiuxson, 
Florida Ent., vol. 16, p. 39, 1932; vol. 17, p. 3, 1983; Florida Agr. Exp. Stat. 
Techn. Bull. 271, p. 16, 1935. 

Spilochalcis torvina ancylae GrRAULT, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 58, p. 192, 1920. 


The male of this species, while almost identical with that of Spzlo- 
chalcis side (Walker), is recognized most easily by the angular 
yellow mark located just dorsad of the clypeus. The female is con- 
siderably darker and averages larger than the female of side. In 
some cases it is impossible to distinguish the females of these two 
species. ; 

Desecription—Male: 2.5-3.5 mm. Identical with the male of S. 
side, redescribed on p. 837, except in the following particulars: Apex 
of scape reaching, but not exceeding, level of vertex; pedicel one and 
one-half to one and one-quarter times as long as segment 4, ring 
segment one-third as long as segment 4; diameter of posterior ocellus 
one-half as great as width of interocellar space. Prepectus often en- 
tirely concealed, when visible, extremely narrow and not quite touch- 
ing tegula; outer ventral margin of metafemur with 11 to 16 minute 
teeth. Petiole shagreened, three to four times as long as wide, lateral 
carinae almost always well developed, a sparse row of long setae 
usually present along each dorsolateral angle of petiole; gaster usu- 
ally equal in length to metafemur, occasionally slightly shorter; penis 
valve similar in form to that of S. side (fig. 14, 7), but proportionately 
longer and slenderer. 


340 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88 


Type locality —Ulnois. 

Type.—Walsh’s type of this species is lost, but a single male speci- 
men in the U. S. National Museum is labeled “Type of Chalcis 
albifrons Walsh” and bears the catalog number 1530. As this speci- 
men was collected 8 years after the description was published, it 
cannot be Walsh’s type. Cresson redescribed this species in 1872, 
but the specimens he had then very likely have been lost subsequently. 
The two specimens now in the collection of the Academy of Natural 
Sciences of Philadelphia labeled “Smcra albifrons” do not agree with 
his redescription of the species. One is a female with the frons 
almost entirely black; the other is a specimen of Spdlochalcis melana, 
new species, described on p. 316 above. The type in the National 
Museum may as well, therefore, be considered as the neotype for 
this species. 

Hosts—Arogalea cristifasciella Chambers (Lepidoptera, Gele- 
chiidae); Aneylis comptana Froehlich, Ancylis divisana Walker, 
Polychrosis viteana Clemens (Eucosmidae) ; Plutella maculipennis 
Curtis (Plutellidae) ; Coleophora fletcherella Fernald, Coleophora 
laricella (Hiibner), Coleophora pruniella Clemens, Coleophora salmani 
Heinrich (Coleophoridae). 

Bathyplectes exigua (Gravenhorst) (Hymenoptera, Ichneumoni- 
dae): Apanteles atalantae (Packard), Apanteles congregatus (Say), 
Apanteles grifini Viereck, Apanteles lacteicolor Viereck, Apanteles 
militaris Walsh (Braconidae). 

This species has been reared, undoubtedly from some ichneumonoid 
primary parasites of the following moths: Plathypena scabra (Fa- 
bricius) and Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis Haworth. 

Distribution —-British Columbia, California, Colorado, Delaware, 
District of Columbia, Florida, Idaho, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Ken- 
tucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Montana, New 
Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Ontario, Oregon, Penn- 
sylvania, South Dakota, Texas, Virginia, Washington, West Vir- 
ginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming. 


SPILOCHALCIS LEPTIS, new species 
Ficures 9, n; 14, m 


This species is closely related to Spilochaleis side (Walker) but 
differs in the male in having a shorter pedicel (fig. 9,7) and the lat- 
eral ocelli located very near to the inner margins of the compound 
eyes, not separated by a distance greater than the diameter of the 
ocellus, as in side; the male has the entire frons ventrad and laterad 
of the scrobe cavity yellow or whitish; the female is difficult to sepa- 
rate from the side female, but the large lateral ocelli located close to 
the compound eyes, and the scrobe cavity extending to the anterior 


THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 341 


ocellus, not ended ventrad of it, can usually be relied upon to dis- 
tinguish the female of this species. 

Description —Male : 2.5-3.5 mm. Antennae inserted dorsad of ven- 
tral margins of compound eyes, apex of scape not quite reaching level 
of posterior margin of anterior ocellus, pedicel equal to or slightly 
longer than segment 4, ring segment one-third to one-fourth length 
of pedicel, segments 4 to 8 equal, 9 and 10 slightly shorter, last three 
combined equal in length to 7 and 8; scrobe cavity shallow; frontal 
tentorial pits usually visible just laterad of antennal bases; width of 
malar space two-fifths height of compound eyes; combined widths of 
compound eyes slightly greater than interocular space at level of apex 
of interantennal projection; posterior ocelli separated from com- 
pound eyes by a distance less than diameter of ocellus; dorsal width 
of head slightly less than maximum dorsal width of thorax. 

Prepectus minute, reaching tegula; apex of mesoscutellum with a 
minute, mesally depressed lamina; metepisternum with deep, scattered 
punctures, dorsal ones slightly smaller than ventral ones; metacoxae 
minutely shagreened, outer surface also shallowly and irregularly 
pitted; metafemur lightly shagreened, outer surface rather densely 
covered with short pubescence, ventral margin with 14 to 17 teeth, 
basal one only slightly larger than others; obscure inner tooth present. 

Propodeum irregularly carinate, two shagreened or minutely retic- 
ulated basolateral areas present, a minute tooth present at each pos- 
terolateral angle, spiracles slanting slightly laterad; petiole two and 
one-half to three times as long as wide, basal lamina minute, lateral 
carinae present, but rather vague; gaster equal to or slightly longer 
than metafemur; eighth tergite very lightly shagreened, almost gia- 
brous, sparsely setose, spiracles round; cerci oval, located near pos- 
terior margin of ninth tergite; penis valve (fig. 14, m). 

Type locality.—California. 

Type.—Holotype, male, Lassen National Forest, Calif., July 25, 
1934, R. L. Furniss; allotype, female, same data as for holotype; 
paratypes, Lassen National Forest, Calif., July 25, 1934, ex Zelleria 
haimbachi, R. L. Furniss, 1 female, Colorado, 5 females, 3 males, 
Yerington, Nev., July 27, 1909, 3 males, Hollister, Idaho, June 10-24, 
1930, D. E. Fox, 2 males, May 16—June 26, 1931, D. E. Fox, 3 females, 
1 male, Tuttle, Idaho, July 14, 1931, D. E. Fox, 1 male, Kimama, 
Idaho, June 22, 1931, D. E. Fox, 1 male. Holotype, allotype, and 10 
paratypes deposited in the U. S. National Museum; two paratypes, 
Cornell University; six paratypes, Colorado Agricultural College; 
two paratypes; [linois State Natural History Survey. 

Hosts. —Zelleria haimbachi Busck (Lepidoptera, Yponomeutidae) ; 
Anecylis comptana Froehlich, Tmetocera ocellana Schiffermuller (Ku- 
cosmidae) ; Cacoecia argyrospila (Walker) (Tortricidae). 


342 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL, 88 


Distribution.—In addition to the localities in the type series, ma- 
terial has been secured from Arizona, Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Mon- 
tana, Utah, Texas. 


SPILOCHALCIS DELUMBIS (Cresson) 
FIGURES 9, 0; 14, n 


Smicra delumbis Cresson, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4. pp. 36, 40, 1872.— 
ASHMEAD, ibid., vol. 12, p. x, 1885.—Howarp, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. 
Bull. 5, p. 34, 1885.—Cresson, Synopsis of the families and genera of the- 
Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico, p. 233, 1887.—DALLa TORRE,. 
Catalogus hymenopterorum, vol. 5, p. 375, 1898.—ScHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera 
insectorum, fase. 97, p. 34, 1909. 

Spilochalcis delumbis (Cresson) VierEcK, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 32, p. 184,. 
1906.—CHAMBERLIN, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, vol. 35, p. 101, 1933. 

Spilochaleis delumbis is separable from S. side only by critical 
characters. Each of these species is, furthermore, quite variable, but 
as the variation from one to the other is not quite continuous, they 
had best be retained as different species. As I have seen over a thou- 
sand specimens of these two species from a great many localities, the- 
discontinuity between them probably will not disappear when more 
material is secured. The males are usually readily separable, but the 
females are to be distinguished only with difficulty. 

The male of this species always has the antennae inserted on a 
level with the ventral margins of the compound eyes; the pedicel is: 
small and cup-shaped and considerably narrower than the flagellum.. 
The vertex is subacute rather than broadly rounded. Only an occa- 
sional male specimen has an angular color band dorsad of the clypeus; 
the interocular space is wide and the compound eyes are narrow. In 
the female, the vertex is subacute, the interocular space is wide and 
the eyes narrow, and the mesal projection of the eighth sternite is 
acute; this last character is often difficult to see, as the tergites of 
the anterior abdominal segments usually project ventrad so as to 
conceal the eighth sternite. 

Description—Male: 4-5 mm. Antennae inserted.on a level with 
ventral margins of compound eyes, scape (fig. 9, 0) with apex reach- 
ing level of dorsal margin of anterior ocellus, pedicel narrower than 
flagellum, three-quarters length of segment 4, ring segment one- 
quarter length of 4, 5 slightly longer than 4, segments 5 to 12 variable, 
usually equal in length, 12 often appearing subdivided, 13 minute; 
serobe cavity shallow, margin usually completely acarinate, some- 
times with obscure lateral carinae, glabrous areas lacking; frons 
irregularly and very minutely reticulated and shagreened, setae short, 
rather dense over most of surface; width of malar space one-half 
height of compound eye; combined widths of compound eyes one- 
fifth less than interocular space; left mandible with two teeth, ventral 


THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 343 


one larger, right mandible with three teeth; diameter of posterior 
ocellus slightly less than one-half interocellar space. 

Dorsum of thorax shallowly and irregularly punctured, setae in- 
conspicuous except at ventral margin of mesopraescutum, on lobes of 
mesoscutum, axillae, and lateral margins of mesoscutellum; antero- 
lateral and sublateral angles of pronotum produced and rounded, an- 
terior dorsal margin acarinate; prepectus blunt at apex, reaching 
tegula; mesoscutellum with a very narrow, mesally depressed apical 
lamina; metacoxae strongly shagreened on outer dorsal surface, 
slightly less strongly reticulated and setose elsewhere; metafemora 
stout, minutely reticulated on outer surface, ventral margin with 
17 to 26 minute teeth, the basal one only slightly larger than follow- 
ing ones; inner tooth blunt. 

Propodeum with a very few lateral setae, surface completely cov- 
ered by small carinae, basolateral areas usually with somewhat irreg- 
ular, oblique carinae, lateral teeth wanting, spiracular openings 
slanting laterad; petiole shagreened, stout, less than twice as long as 
wide, basal lamina narrow on dorsal side, distinct lateral carinae 
present; gaster usually equal in length to metafemora, abdominal 
seoments 3 to 6 almost glabrous on dorsal side, segment 7 faintly retic- 
ulated; eighth tergite shagreened, setae short and sparse, spiracular 
openings oval; ninth tergite provided with long setae, cerci oval, lo- 
cated nearer posterior than anterior margin; penis valve (fig. 14, ). 

Type locality—Massachusetts. 

Types.—Holotype, male, 1781.1; allotype, female, 1781.2: Academy 
of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 

Hosts.—Lema trilineata (Olivier), Lema nigrovittata (Guérin), 
Chlamys plicata (Fabricius) (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). 

Distribution—Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, District 
of Columbia, Florida, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Maryland, Massachu- 
setts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, New Hampshire, New York, 
Ohio, Texas, Virginia. 


Genus CERATOSMICRA Ashmead 


Ceratosmicra ASHMEAD, Mem. Carnegie Mus., vol. 1, p. 251, 1904.—ScCHMIEDE- 
KNECHT, Genera insectorum, fasc. 97, p. 30, 1909.— GAHAN and Fagan, U. 8. 
Nat. Mus. Bull. 124, p. 29, 1923. (Genotype, Ceratosmicra lissa, new name 
‘for Ceratosmicra petiolata Ashmead, not Cresson.) 

Sayiella ASHMEAD (not Dall), Mem. Carnegie Mus. vol. 1, p. 251, 1904.— 
ScCHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera insectorum, fase. 97, p. 30, 1909. 

Eusayia ASHMEAD (new name for Sayiella), Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, vol. 6, 
p. 126, 1904.—GaHANn and Fagan, U. 8S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 124, p. 63, 1923. 

Melanosmicra ASHMEAD, Mem. Carnegie Mus., vol. 1, p. 251, 1904.—ScHMIEDE- 
KNECHT, Genera insectorum, fase. 97, p. 31, 1909.—GaHAN and Fagan, U. S. 
Nat. Mus. Bull. 124, p. 84, 1923. 


344 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you. 88 


Mischosmicra ASHMEAD, Mem. Carnegie Mus., vol. 1, p. 251, 1904—ScHMtpkr- 
KNECHT, Genera insectorum, fase. 97, p. 31, 1909.—GAHAN and Facan, U. S. 
Nat. Mus. Bull. 124, p. 90, 1923. 

Description.—Antennal scape long, either attaining level of pos- 
terior ocelli or markedly exceeding it; left mandible with either two 
or three teeth, right mandible always with three teeth; body shal- 
lowly and irregularly pitted, dorsum of thorax often partly glabrous; 
pubescence conspicuously long, white; metafemora relatively slender 
(fig. 12, +o), outer ventral margin with numerous, minute teeth, 
basal one always slightly longer than following ones; petiole long, 
slender, varying from 8 times as long as wide to 15 times as long as 
wide, length of petiole always three-fourths or more length of meta- 
coxa, often as long as metacoxa; petiole occasionally enlarged just 
caudad of the middle (fig. 13, 2); basal lamina of petiole usually 
wide, always directed caudad on ventral side. 

The species of Ceratosmicra are, where known, hyperparasites; 
they usually emerge from the cocoons of Apanteles or Meteorus. 


KEY TO SPECIES OF CERATOSMICRA 


1. A strong tooth projecting from venter of propodeum between 
bases of metacoxae; petiole 14 or more times as long as wide 


DUG AES Wi LOST Srna eee sc ares 2 ES eee ee ee debilis (p. 344) 
Propodeum without a ventral tooth; petiole shorter_______----___-------~- 2 

2. Petiole enlarged between base and apex (fig. 13, h); length of 
petiole 8 to 9 times its maximum width________-_______ meteori (p. 346) 

Petiole not enlarged between base and apex; more than 11 
LIMES (AS TONE) AS sw Ga a se 2 a ee es a Ee a 3 

3. Flange at base of petiole broader on dorsal than on ventral side; 
propodeum with lateral teeth 2) fae ee ee paya (p. 348) 

Flange at base of petiole wider on ventral than on dorsal side; 
propodeum entirely without lateral teeth____________ immaculata (p. 350) 


CERATOSMICRA DEBILIS (Say) 
Kigures 9, p; 12, m 


Chatcis debilis Say, Boston Journ. Nat. Hist., vol. 1, p. 271, 1836.—Cresson, 
Proc. Ent. Soc. Philadelphia, vol. 1, p. 228, 1862.—Howarp, U. S. Dept. Agr. 
Bur. Ent. Bull. 5, p. 36, 1885. 

Smicra debilis (Say) WALKrR, Notes on Chalcidiae, p. 51, 1871.—Crersson, Trans. 
Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, pp. 37, 47, 1872; Synopsis of the families and genera 
of the Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico, p. 233, 1887.—DaLLA TOoRBE, 
Catalogus hymenopterorum, vol. 5, p. 375, 1898. 

(?) Spilochalcis debilis (Say) SmirH, Ann. Rept. New Jersey State Mus. for 
1909, p. 649, 1910. 

Smicra longipetiola ASHMEAD, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 12, p. x, 1885.— 
CRESSON, Synopsis of the families and genera of the Hymenoptera of 
America north of Mexico, p. 233, 1887.—DatLa Torre, Catalogus hymenop- 
tererum, vol. 5. p. 378, 1898.—ScHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera insectorum, fase. 97, 
p. 35, 1909. 


THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 345 


Mischosmicra kahlii ASHMEAD, Mem. Carnegie Mus., vol. 1, p. 251, 1904— 
ScHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera insectorum, fasc. 97, p. 43, 1909.—GaHAN and 
Fagan, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 124, p. 90, 1923, 

This species is most easily recognized by the large deep pits on the 
dorsum of the thorax, the ventral tooth of the propodeum projecting 
between the bases of the metacoxae, and the very long slender petiole, 
with the basal flange wanting on the dorsal side, but present on the 
ventral side. 

Description—yYellowish red to dark brown, with variable dark- 
brown or black markings, occasional specimens almost entirely with- 
out darker markings; vertex and occiput of head, large mesal area 
of mesopraescutum, all but lateral margins of lobes of mesoscutum, 
anterior halves of axillae, mesal area of mesoscutellum, apices of 
metacoxae, outer surface of metafemur except basal, apical, and 
dorsal spots (fig. 12, 7), apex of petiole, and transverse dorsal stripes 
on gaster, usually dark brown or black. 

Female: 44.5 mm. Apex of antennal scape just attaining level of 
posterior ocelli; ring segment slightly less than one-fourth length 
of segment 4, segments 4 to 13 almost equal in length, 12 and 13 
often appearing subdivided; scrobe cavity smooth, margined by 
distinct carinae, the carinae usually double on ventral half; frons 
minutely shagreened, smooth dorsad of clypeus and between anterior 
tentorial pits; combined widths of compound eyes equal to inter- 
ocular space at level of antennal bases; both mandibles with three 
approximately equal teeth; frontogenal suture straight; diameter 
of posterior ocellus one-fourth width of interocellar space. 

Anterolateral angles of pronotum sharply produced, anterior dorsal 
margin acarinate; maximum length of mesopraescutum as great as 
width at widest point; dorsum of thorax coarsely and irregularly 
punctate, provided with scattering short, white, appressed pubescence ; 
an erect tuft of setae present on each axilla; metacoxae extremely 
long, slender at apex, uniformly and minutely shagreened ; metafemur 
elongate, outer surface slightly flattened, densely covered with short, 
white pubescence; ventral margin with 138 to 16 teeth; small sharp 
inner tooth present; metatibia with apex long, slender, lanceolate. 

Propodeum prominently carinate, a small, vertical lamina present 
at apex on either side of point of insertion of petiole, a sharp, lateral 
tooth present at each posterolateral angle of propodeum, and a ven- 
tral projection extending between bases of metacoxae; petiole as long 
as metacoxa, surface usually shagreened, the petiole slightly enlarged 
at apex; basal lamina of petiole present only on ventral and lateral 
sides; gaster slightly larger than metafemur, acuminate; cerci round, 
located midway between posterior and anterior margins of epipygium, 
and placed in a slight depression; ovipositor sheaths provided with 
minute apical setae. 


346 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM voL. 88 


Male: 44.5 mm. Antennal scape (fig. 9, p) exceeding level of 
posterior ocelli; metafemur with inner tooth blunt; petiole slightly 
longer than metacoxa, and only slightly enlarged at apex; gaster 
equal to or shorter than metafemur. 

Type locality —Indiana. 

Type—Neotype, female, Delaware, in Academy of Natural Sciences 
of Philadelphia, E. T. Cresson determination. 

The identity of this species has become somewhat confused. Say’s 
type has long since been lost, but Cresson redescribed it in 1872, and 
as his material is still available I have considered it as fixing the iden- 
tity of this species. The original description mentions only one struc- 
tural character, the presence of minute teeth on the propodeum, and 
this character is present in specimens determined as this species by 
Cresson. These propodeal teeth are wanting in the specimens deter- 
mined as this species by Howard and others. Most of the American 
references to this species are now applied to Ceratosmicra meteori, de- 
scribed below. 

Types for synonyms: longipetiola Ashmead, 41182, U. S. National 
Museum; kahlit Ashmead, 8078, U. S. National Museum. 

The types of S. longipetiola Ashmead and WM. kahlii Ashmead differ 
neither in color nor in structure from the specimens determined as S. 
debilis (Say) by E. T. Cresson. 

Host.—Unknown. 

Distribution.—Delaware, Florida, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, 
Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Texas. 


CERATOSMICRA METEORI, new name 
Ficures 9, q; 10, f; 12, 0; 138, h 


Smicra meteori Howarp (MS. name), Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., vol. 26, p. 
131, 1897. 

Spilochalcis debilis Howarp (not Say), U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Ent. Techn. Ser. Bull. 
5, p. 33, 1897.—VirrecK, Connecticut Geol. and Nat. Hist. Surv. Bull. 22, p. 
527, 1916 —WaAsHBURN, 17th Report of the entomologist of Minnesota, p. 193, 
1918.—(?) Ruut, Soc. Ent., Stuttgart, vol. 36, p. 11, 1921. 

Sayiella debilis ASHMEAD, Mem. Carnegie Mus., vol. 1, p. 251, 1904——ScHMIEDE- 
KNECHT, Genera insectorum, fase. 97, p. 42, 1909. 

Husayia debilis ASHMEAD, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, vol. 6, p. 126, 1904.—Brirton, 
Connecticut Geol. and Nat. Hist. Surv. Bull. 31, p. 326, 1920—GaHan and 
Facan, U. 8S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 124, p. 63, 1923. 


This species resembles C’. tmmaculata (Cresson) in lacking lateral 
propodeal projections, having fairly slender metafemora (fig. 12, 0), 
and having the petiole approximately 10 times as long as wide at the 
widest point; it differs in having the petiole expanded in the middle 
(fig. 18, A), and the male antennal scape broad from the base to the 
apex (fig. 9, g), rather than broad only at the apex (fig. 9, s). 


THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 347 


Description.—Pale yellow, with tan, brown, or black markings; 
markings variable, vertex and occiput of head usually, three dorsal 
marks on pronotum, broad band extending from apex of mesoscutel- 
lum to anterior margin of mesopraescutum (fig. 10, 7), isolated spot 
on each lobe of mesoscutum, anterior and posterior margins of axillae, 
faint markings on outer surface of metafemur (fig. 12, 0), and 
usually transverse dorsal bands on gaster, tan, brown, or black. 

Female: 4.5-5 mm. Apex of antennal scape just attaining level 
of posterior ocelli; ring segment one-fourth length of segment 4, 
segments 4 to 10 equal, last three slightly shorter; scrobe cavity 
shallow, edge carinate only at ventral margin; interantennal projec- 
tion with a small carina, this carina usually extending up into scrobe 
cavity nearly to anterior ocellus, sometimes somewhat shorter; frons 
laterad of scrobe cavity uniformly covered with large shallow punc- 
tures, area ventrad of antennal bases minutely shagreened; width of 
malar space one-quarter height of compound eye; combined widths 
of compound eyes slightly greater than interocular space at level 
of antennal bases; left mandible with two acute teeth, right with 
three, dorsal one larger and blunt, two ventral ones small, acute, 
their apices converging slightly; frontogenal suture curved; diameter 
of posterior ocellus one-half width of interocellar space. 

Anterolateral angles of pronotum minutely carinate, anterior dorsal 
margin acarinate; maximum length of mesopraescutum slightly less 
than maximum width; parapsidal furrows partly obscured; axillae 
each with a single row of setae near posterior margin; apex of 
mesoscutellum provided with a minute lamina; metepisternum con- 
spicuously punctured, setae inconspicuous; surface of metacoxa uni- 
formly shagreened, without setae on outer dorsal side; metafemur 
(fig. 12, 0) rather narrow, not flattened on outer side, outer surface 
sparsely provided with setae, ventral margin with 16 to 20 minute 
teeth; small inner tooth present; apex of metatibia acute. 

Propodeum mostly smooth, minute mesal and apical carinae pres- 
ent, lateral projections wanting; petiole three-fourths length of meta- 
coxa, surface minutely shagreened, a sparse double row of long 
setae present on either side, basal lamina narrow, not interrupted on 
dorsal side, petiole markedly expanded in middle (fig. 13, A); gaster 
acuminate, usually one-fourth longer than metafemur; abdominal 
tergites 4 to 7 each with two or three transverse rows of setae; cerci 
oval, located midway between base and apex of epipygium; apex 
of ovipositor sheath minutely roughened. 

Male: 3.54 mm. Antennal scape broad from base to apex (fig. 
9, 7), apex of scape slightly exceeding level of posterior ocelli, meta- 
femur with 16 to 18 outer ventral teeth, inner tooth sharp; petiole 


348 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88 


four-fifths length of metacoxa; gaster slightly shorter than meta- 
femur; ninth sternite slightly fiattened near apex. 

Type locality —District of Columbia. 

Types.—Lectotype, female, Washington, D. C., 78, October 1886; 
lectoallotype, Washington, D. C., 78, January 25, 1887, both reared 
from Meteorus hyphantriae parasitic on Hemerocampa leucostigma: 
in the collection of the U. S. National Museum. 

In describing his West Indian species Smécra cressoni, Howard ** 
stated that “it resembles most closely S. meteori of the writer’s 
manuscript, reared from Meteorus hyphantriae Riley in the District 
of Columbia.” ‘This is practically a description, but does not, in my 
opinion, validate the name under the International Code. Opinion 
No. 52 rendered by the International Commission holds that the 
designation of a type locality does not validate a name, and the host 
designated in the above quotation is probably attacked by other 
members of this genus. In the same year in which this manuscript 
name was published, Howard treated this species under the name 
Spilochalcis debilis (Say), discussed its biology, and figured the adult. 
As has been remarked on page 346 above, the identity of Say’s species 
had been fixed by Cresson in 1872 and was a different species from 
this one. The figure and biological notes published by Howard for 
his identification of S. debi/is constitute a valid description for this 
species; therefore, I have used his manuscript name as a new name 
for Spilochalcis debilis Howard, not Say. The most of Howard’s 
material is still in the U. S. National Museum. 

Hosts —Casimaria orgyiae (Howard) (Hymenoptera, Ichneu- 
monidae); Afeteorus hyphantriae Riley, Meteorus sp., Apanteles 
delicatus Howard, Apanteles sp. (Braconidae). 

Distribution.—Connecticut, District of Columbia, Ulinois, Louisi- 
ana, Maryland, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, 
Texas, Virginia, West Virginia. 


CERATOSMICRA PAYA, new species 
Figures 9, 7; 10, d; 12, 1 


This small black species with yellow and red spots is much like 
Spilochalcis side (Walker) in habitus, but its long slender petiole 
refers it to this genus. It differs from all other species in this genus 
by the extremely wide basal lamina of the petiole, and the metacoxa 
strongly punctured on the ventral side with the outer dorsal surface 
strongly shagreened; in (. debilis (Say), which this species most 
closely resembles, the metacoxa is slender at the apex and lacks 
strong punctures on the ventral side. 


18 Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., vol. 26, p. 131, 1897. 


THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 349 


Description —Black with red, yellow, or white spots; usual color 
pattern of dorsum of thorax (fig. 10, d) ; color pattern of metafemur 
(fig. 12, 7); petiole brown, sometimes darker in middle or at apex; 
gaster with transverse dorsal black bands. 

Female: 4.5 mm. Apex of antennal scape just attaining level of 
posterior ocelli, ring segment one-fourth length of segment 4; 5 slightly 
shorter than 4; segments 5 to 10 subequal, last three shorter, ultimate 
seoment blunt at apex; scrobe cavity moderately deep, margin carinate 
ventrad and on ventral one-third of lateral margins; frons uniformly 
and densely punctured and covered with long, dense pubescence ex- 
cept for narrow glabrous area dorsad of clypeus; interantennal pro- 
jection provided with an apical carina, this carina continued dorsad up 
scrobe cavity nearly to anterior ocellus; width of malar space one- 
third height of compound eye; combined widths of compound eyes 
equal to interocular space at level of antennal bases; right mandible 
with one sharp dorsal tooth and two slightly smaller, acute ventral 
ones; left mandible with two sharp teeth, dorsal one slightly larger ; 
frontogenal suture straight; diameter of posterior ocellus one-third 
width of interocellar space. 

Dorsum of thorax deeply and thickly punctured, areas between 
punctures minutely reticulated; anterolateral angles of pronotum 
strongly carinate; anterior dorsal margin without a carina; meso- 
praescutum as long as wide at widest point, parapsidal furrows dis- 
tinct; each axilla with a dense, transverse row of setae; wings covered 
by minute brown setae; metepisternum deeply pitted, densely covered 
by long pubescence; metacoxae shagreened on dorsal, inner, and ven- 
tral surfaces, but elsewhere covered by large shallow pits, uniformly 
pubescent except on outer dorsal surface, large rounded projection 
present at apex on inner side; metafemur (fig. 12, 7) elongate, outer 
surface uniformly and densely covered by short pubescence; ventral 
margin with 18 to 20 teeth; large, blunt inner tooth present, apex of 
metatibia sharp. 

Propodeum conspicuously carinate except on basolateral areas, two 
strongly projecting teeth present at apex on either side of point of 
insertion of petiole; petiole five-sixths the length of metacoxa, basal 
lamina of petiole extremely wide, petiole slightly enlarged near apex, 
surface entirely glabrous and with only three or four setae on lateral 
margins; gaster globose, slightly less than length of metafemur; ab- 
dominal tergites 3 to 5 without setae, segments 6 and 7 with a few 
scattered lateral setae; eighth tergite uniformly covered by long white 
setae; cercus oval, located near anterior margin of epipygium; apex 
of ovipositor sheath minutely roughened. 

Male: 4mm. Antennal scape (fig. 9, 7) enlarged near apex; meta- 
femur with 16 or 17 outer ventral teeth; inner tooth distinct, blunt; 

188858—40——8 


350 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM voL. 88 


petiole equal in length to metacoxa; gaster equal in length to meta- 
femur. 

Type locality —Texas. 

Types——Holotype, female, Dallas, Tex., October 21, 1906, F. C. 
Bishopp; allotype, male, Los Angeles County, Calif.; paratypes, 
Peoria, Ill., October 10, 1936, H. E. McClure, 1 male, Manhattan, 
Kans., October 6, 1934, C. W. Sabrosky, 1 female, Riley County, 
Kans., September 9, E. E. Faville, 1 female. Holotype, allotype, 
and one paratype deposited in the U. S. National Museum, one para- 
type in the Illinois State Natural History Survey collection, and 
one paratype in the University of Kansas collection. 

Host—Unknown. 


CERATOSMICRA IMMACULATA (Cresson) 
Figures 9, s; 12, n 


Smiera immaculata Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Philadelphia, vol. 4, p. 97, 1865; 
The Cresson types of Hymenoptera, p. 75, 1916. 

Smiera immaculata (Cresson) WALKER, Notes on Chalcidiae, p. 51, 1871.— 
Cresson, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soec., vol. 4, pp. 38, 55, 1872.—DALLA TorRE, 
Catalogus hymenopterorum, vol. 5, p. 377, 1898.—SCHMIEDEKNECHT, Genera 
insectorum, fase. 97, p. 35, 1909. 


This minute, yellow species is most easily recognized by its long, 
slender, and glabrous petiole, the propodeum being entirely without 
lateral teeth, the glabrous outer dorsal surface of the metacoxa, and 
the metafemur being entirely without an inner tooth. 

Description.—Yellow, occasionally with vague, indistinct darker 
stains on dorsum of thorax and abdomen; outer surface of meta- 
femur with three small, vague spots (fig. 12, »); apical tarsal seg- 
ments always brown. 

Female: 3-8.5 mm. Apex of antennal scape exceeding level of 
posterior ocelli; ring segment one-third length of segment 4, all 
flagellar segments approximately equal, stout, covered by white 
pubescence; scrobe cavity shallow, margined only at ventral one- 
eighth; frons laterad of scrobe cavity strongly punctate, minutely 
shagreened ventrad of antennal bases; malar space one-fourth height 
of compound eyes; combined widths of compound eyes slightly greater 
than width of interocular space at level of antennal bases; left man- 
dible with two acute teeth, right mandible with three; frontogenal 
suture faint or obscured entirely; diameter of posterior ocellus one- 
half width of interocellar space. 

Pronotum narrow, without an anterior dorsal carina, slight carina 
at anterolateral angles; mesopraescutum slightly shorter than width 
at widest point ; dersum of thorax shallowly punctate, almost glabrous 
in some specimens, pubescence long and white; posterior margins of 


THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 351 


axillae with a few long setae; metacoxae long, outer dorsal surface 
glabrous, elsewhere minutely shagreened; metafemora (fig. 12, n), 
elongate, not flattened on outer surface, densely covered with short, 
white pubescence, ventral margin with 15 to 17 teeth, inner tooth 
wanting; metatibia with long, acute apical spine. 

Propodeum almost smooth, vague mesal and apical carinae present, 
no lateral projections present, spiracular openings vertical; petiole 
four-fifths the length of metacoxa, glabrous, slightly larger at apex 
than at base, basal lamina narrower on dorsal than ventral side; 
gaster slightly shorter than metafemur; cerci oval, large, located 
slightly nearer posterior than anterior margin of epipygium. 

Male: 3mm. Antennal scape (fig. 9, s) broad only at apex; meta- 
femur without an inner tooth, outer ventral margin with 12 or 13 
teeth; petiole five-sixths the length of metacoxa; gaster equal in 
length to metafemur. 

Type locality —Cuba. 

Types.—Holotype, female, 1795.1; allotype, male, 1795.2: Academy 
of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 

Host.—Meteorus sp. (Hymenopiera, Braconidae). 

Distribution-—Trxas: Brownsville, ex Meteorus sp., E. G. Smyth, 
3 males, June 23, 1914, ex Meteorus sp., R. A. Vickery, 1 female, 
December 17, 1910,2 females; Cameron County, August 8, 1928, R. H. 
Beamer, 1 female. 

EXCLUDED SPECIES 


Smicra gigantea ASHMEAD, Can. Ent., vol. 13, p. 90, 1881.—DALLa TORRE, Cata- 
logus hymenopterorum, vol. 5, p. 372, 1898. 
This species is a synonym of Phasgonophora sulcata Westwood ; 
the type is in the U. 8. National Museum. 
Chalcis myrifez (SuLzer), Abgek. Gesch. Ins., vol. 1, p. 191, 1776.—WALKER, 
Notes on Chalcidiae, p. 52, 1871—Crrsson, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, 
p. 55, 1872 —Datia Torre, Catalogus hymenopterorum, vol. 5, p. 380, 1898. 
Walker, Cresson, and Dalla Torre list this European species as 
occurring in North America, but material of this species from 
Europe proves to be different from all our species. 


UNPLACED SPECIES 


Smicra bimaculata StREcKER, Appendix SS to Report of the Chief of Army Engi- 
neers for 1878, p. 1848, 1879.—Brap.ry, Ent. News, vol. 14, p. 26, 1903. 

I have not succeeded in locating the type of this species; it is not 
in the Strecker collection at the Field Museum, in Chicago, Ill. This 
species may either be a member of the genus Chalcis or belong to the 
canthostigma group of Spilochalcis. 


352 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL 


MUSEUM VoL. 88 


HOST CATALOG 


The species of the genus Chalcis are larval parasites; all the other 
species in this tribe that have been reared are pupal parasites. 


LEPIDOPTERA 
PIERIDAE 
Host Parasite 
Catopsilia eubule (Linnaeus) --__---_~ Spilochalecis eubule (Cresson) 


Spilochalcis transitiva (Walker) 


NYMPHALIDAR 


Chlosyne lacinia crocale Edwards_--—- 


Spilochalcis phoenica, new species 


LYCAENIDAE 


Strymon melinus (Hiibner) —_-__-_--_- 
Strymon cecrops (Fabricius) --~---_-__. 
PRCCIGSPSe Meee Bee ee Ne 


Metadontia amoena (Say) 
Metadontia amoena (Say) 
Meiadontia amoena (Say) 


SATURNIIDAE 


Philosamia cynthia Drury_----------- 
Samia cecropia (Linnaeus) -----~---~--. 
Callosamia promethea Drury__-—--~--- 
T'elea polyphemus Cramer__----------- 
ROTRSCRUCtOS pee eee eee eee 


Spilochalcis mariae (Riley) 
Spilochalcis mariae (Riley) 
Spilochalcis mariae (Riley) 
Spilochalcis mariae (Riley) 
Spilochalcis mariae (Riley) 


NOocTUIDAE 


Laphygma frugiperda Abbot and Smith— 


Plathypena scabra (Fabricius) _—______ 


(?) Prodenia eridania Cramer________. 
Heliothis obsoleta (Fabricius) ______.___ 


Spilochalcis side (Walker) 
Spilochalcis femorata (Fabricius) 
Spilochalcis igneoides (Kirby) 
Spilochalcis albifrons (Walsh) 
ondary ?] 
Spilochaicis sanguineivenitris (Cresson) 
Spilochalcis femorata (Fabricius) 
Spilochalcis igneoides (Kirby) 


[sec- 


PSYCHIDAE 
Thyridopteryr ephemeraeformis WHa- Spilochalcis mariae (Riley) 
NAOH) Hl ae! pales see Cac dine ek rae reat ites amtetile us YON) Spilochalcis albifrons (Walsh)  [sec- 


ondary ?] 


LIMACODIDAE 


Parasa indetermina Boisduval_________ 
Adoneta spinuloides Herrich-Schaeffer_ 
Prolimacodes badia (Hitibner)_________ 
Phobetron pithecium Abbot and Smith_ 
THMOCOCES Spas ake wR eS ee 


Spilochalcis nigricornis (Fabricius) 
Spilochalcis nigricornis (Fabricius) 
Spilochalcis nortoni (Cresson) 
Spilochalcis nortoni (Cresson) 
Spilochalcis nigricornis (Fabricius) 


PYRALIDAE 


(?) Mimorista flavidissimalis Grote___- 
Homoeosoma electellum Hulst_________ 


Spilochalcis exornata (Cresson) 
Spilochalcis flavopicia (Cresson) 


THE TRIBE CHALCIDINI—BURKS 353 


Acrobasis Sp--_--------------------—— Spilochalcis flavopicta (Cresson) 

Mineola indigenella Zeller_----------- Spilochalcis igneoides (Kirby) 
GELECHIIDAE 

Gelechia nundinella Zeller_—---------- Spilochaicis dema, new species 

Paralechia pinifoliella Chambers_----- Spilochalcis side (Walker ) 

Arogalea cristifasciella Chambers-_---—- Spilochalcis albifrons (Walsh) 

Recurvaria piceaella Kearfott-------_- Spilochalcis side (Walker ) 

Gnorimoschema sp------------------- Spilochalcis tanais, new species 
FXUCOSMIDAE 

Ancylis comptana Mroehlichas———==———— Spilochalcis flavopicta (Cresson) 


Spilochalcis albifrons (Walsh) 
Spilochalcis side (Walker) 
Spilochalcis leptis, new species 


Ancylis divisana Walker_------------- Spilochalcis side (Walker) 
Spilochalcis albifrons (Walsh) 

Eveiria frustrana Comstock----------- Spilochalcis flavopicta (Cresson ) 

Polychrosis viteana Glemens#=2-=—22—2 Spilochalcis albifrons (Walsh) 

Timetocera ocellana Schiffermuller__——- Spilochalcis leptis, new species 
TTORTRICIDAE 

Cacoecia argyrospila (Walker ) -------- Spilochalcis albifrons (Walsh) 
PHALONIIDAE 

Phalonia sp-------------------------- Spilochalcis flavopicta (Cresson ) 

GLYPHIPTERYGIDAE 

Choreutis silphiella Busck_-~-~--------- Spilochalcis albifrons (Walsh) 
PLUTELLIDAE 

Plutella maculipennis Curtis----------. Spilochalcis side (Walker ) 


Spilochalcis albifrons (Walsh) 


YPONOMEUTIDAE 
Zelleria haimbachi Busck——-~---------- Spilochaicis leptis, new species 
Argyresthia thuiella Packard) Spilochaicis side (Walker ) 
COLEOPHORIDAE 
Coleophora laricella (Hubner) =2=32s=== Spilochalcis side (Walker ) 
Spilochalcis albifrons (Walsh) 
Coleophora malivorella Riley---~------ Spilochalcis side (Walker) 
Spilochalcis albifrons ( Walsh) 
Coleophora fletcherella Fernald_—__--- Spilochalcis side (Walker) 
Spilochalcis albifrons (Walsh) 
Coleophora salmani Heinrich---------- Spilochalcis side (Walker ) 
Spilochalcis albifrons (Walsh) 
Coleophora pruniella Clemens__-—~-~--~ Spilochalcis side (Walker) 


Spilochalcis albifrons (Walsh) 


LYONETIDAE 


Bucculatria thurberiella Busck-------- Spilochalcis side (Walker) 


354 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM 


VOL, 88 


COLEOPTERA 


CHRYSOMELIDAE 


Lema trilineata (Olivier) —------------- 
Lema nigrovititata (Guérin) __-____--_- 
Chlamys plicata (Fabricius) —~-~-----~ 
Haema conspersa (Mannerheim)_-_--~~ 
Chalepus dorsalis Thunberg___—__---__ 


Spilochalcis delumbis (Cresson) 
Spilochalcis delumbis (Cresson) 
Spilochalcis delumbis (Cresson) 
Spilochalcis sanguineiventris (Cresson) 
Spilochalcis odonitotae Howard 


CURCULIONIDAE 


Orchestes pallicornis Say ----=-_-- "=== 
Phytonomus nigrirostris Fabricius_—_—_~ 
Hypera rumicis (Linnaeus) —----------- 
Anthonomus grandis Boheman__--—_--- 


Spilochalcis side (Walker) 
Spilochalecis side (Walker) 
Spilochalcis side (Walker) 
Spilochalcis flavopicta (Cresson) 


HYMENOPTERA 


ICHNEUMONIDAE 


Bathyplectes exigua (Gravenhorst) —--- 
Angitia plutellae Viereck___-____--__-- 


Angitia hellulae Viereck—--_----_--—---~- 


Casinaria orgyiae (Howard) _----_---- 


Spilochalcis albifrons (Walsh) 
Spilochalcis side (Walker) 
Spilochalcis side (Walker) 
Ceratosmicra meteori, new name 


BRACONIDAE 


Meteorus versicolor (Wesmael)-_—------- 
Meiteorus hyphaniriae Riley_--__~------ 
Meteorus laphygmae Viereck__-—------. 
MeteCorusiSps 22-2 2a Ue aCe ee ee ee 


Rogas laphygmae Viereck——_-------~-- 
Apanteles griffini Viereck__-_-_-_--__-_- 
Apanteles lacteicolor Viereck___------- 
Apanteles militaris (Walsh) ----------- 


Apanteles marginiventris (Cresson) —_—- 


Apanteles congregatus (Say) —-------~- 
Apanteles delicatus Howard__-_~—----—- 
Apanteles atalantae (Packard) —-_--__- 
Apantelesi\ Spi 2822) ee 


Spilochalcis side (Walker) 
Ceratosmicra meteori, new name 
Spilochalcis pallens (Cresson) 
Ceratosmicra meteori, new name 
Ceratosmicra immaculata (Cresson ) 
Spilochalcis pallens (Cresson) 
Spilochalcis albifrons (Walsh) 
Spilochalcis albifrons (Walsh) 
Spilechalcis side (Walker) 
Spilochalcis albifrons (Walsh) 
Spilochalcis hirtifemora (Ashmead) 
Spilochalcis pallens (Cresson) 
Spilochalcis albifrons (Walsh) 
Ceratosmicra meteori, new name 
Spilochalcis albifrons (Walsh) 
Spilochalcis side (Walker ) 
Spilochalcis hirtifemora (Ashmead) 
Ceraiosmicra meteori, new name 


DIPTERA 


STRATIOMYIIDAE 


Odontomyia vertebrata Say-------~---- 
Odontomyia Spee ee ee ye, 


Chalcis canadensis (Cresson) 
Chalcis barbara (Cresson) 
Chalcis canadensis (Cresson) 


SyRPHIDAE 


Mesogramma polita (Say) ------------- 
Mesogramma, polygonastyla (Metcait)_— 
PlatyChinws isp ese Ss ee eee ey 


Spilochalcis hirtifemora (Ashmead) 
Spilochalcis hirtifemora (Ashmead) 
Spilochalcis hirtifemora (Ashmead) 


U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1940 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


issued 


SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION 
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Vol. 88 Washington : 1940 No. 3083 


NEW GENERA AND SPECIES OF ICHNEUMON-FLIES, 
WITH TAXONOMIC NOTES 


By R. A. Cusuman 


Tus paper consists of the description of two new genera and 
nine new species of ichneumon-flies, together with some notes on 
synonymy, generic transfers, and the renaming of a genus the old 
name of which is preoccupied. Also included is a key to the species 
of the genus Cryptohelcostizus Cushman. The figures are from draw- 
ings by Mrs. Mary Foley Benson. 


Genus POLYCYRTUS Spinola 


POLYCYRTUS BICOSTATUS, new species 


In my general key to the species of Polycyrtus* this species will 
run best to erythrosternus Cameron, but it has the propodeum of 
entirely different form and differs by many other details of structure 
and color. In my key to species examined (p. 2) it runs to the 
second alternate of couplet 7 but differs from all the species falling 
in that category in the form of the apical carina, which is broadly 
transverse, instead of angulate, medially. 

Female—Length 11 mm., antenna 9 mm., ovipositor sheath 3.5 mm. 

Vertex in front view flat and at the same level as upper eye mar- 
gins; frons polished, scrobes moderately deep, horn very short conical, 
without basal pits or tubercle; eyes parallel within, comprising nearly 
two-thirds total width of head; inner orbits very finely shagreened 


+Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 78, art. 14, p. 53, 1931. 


355 
190799—40 


356 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you. 88 


and subopaque; face sparsely, weakly punctate, slightly elevated 
medially; clypeus moderately convex; malar space shagreened, nearly 
as long as basal width of mandible; cheeks in front view nearly 
straight; mouth as broad as face; occipital carina convergent above 
with posterior margin of eye, complete to hypostomal carina, not 
elevated below; temples in dorsal view weakly convex, hardly a third 
as long as short diameter of eye. Pronotum polished, posterior 
groove weakly foveolate, epomia distinct only in middle, anterior 
lateral carina weak; humeral margin only slightly tumid; mesoscutum 
polished, with scattered punctures anteriorly, prescutum low and 
broad; scutellum rather broad and weakly convex, polished; meso- 
pleuron sparsely punctate, prepectal carina complete, the groove 
foveolate, subalar tubercle rather low; lower division of metapleuron 
very sparsely punctate, upper division more densely so; propodeum 
with both transverse carinae complete and strong and with a well- 
defined basal area and a large obsoletely defined hexagonal areola, 
both transverse carinae arched forward and transverse medially, apical 
carina prominent at angles, petiolar area with radiating rugae; 
pleural carina distinct, with foveolate grooves above and_ below. 
Hind femur rather slender, inner calcarium nearly half as long as 
basitarsus. Areolet small, the lumen hardly as broad as the sur- 
rounding veins, recurrent at middle; nervulus antefurcal, postnervulus 
broken slightly below middle, nervellus broken at lower third. Ab- 
domen polished, first segment rather strongly decurved, second ter- 
gite less than three times as long as broad at base, distinctly shorter 
than first; sheath as long as hind tibia. 

Head black, face medially and clypeus reddish; anterior orbits 
throughout, a spot on malar space, top of clypeus, labrum, and man- 
dibles whitish; palpi stramineous; antenna black with an incomplete 
annulus occupying flagellar joints 5-14 white; thorax anteriorly and 
dorsally black, posteriorly and ventraily ferruginous, the black em- 
bracing the pronotum, mesoscutum, postscutellum medially, and 
upper angle of mesopleuron ; humeral margins of pronotum, scutellum 
except apex, subalar tubercle, and tegulae whitish; legs ferruginous, 
with all tibiae and tarsi and front trochanter yellowish; hind femur 
largely and trochanter dorsally black to piceous, the femur more 
reddish below and basally; wings hyaline, venation blackish; abdo- 
men black with petiole and narrow margins of tergites ferruginous, 
venter yellow. 

Type locality —Chancha Mayo, Peru. 

Type—vU.S.N.M. No. 5349. 

One specimen taken in September 1928 by G. N. Wolcott. 


NEW ICHNEUMON-FLIES—CUSHMAN 357 


Genus HOPLOCRYPTUS Thomson 
HOPLOCRYTUS BITUMINOSUS (Cushman), new combination 


Cryptoideus bituminosus CUSHMAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 60, art. 4, p. 6, 
1924. 

Since its publication this species has been received several times in 
small numbers, reared from Pyrausta nubilalis (Hiibner) at Belmont, 
Mass., and New Haven, Conn.; from P. penitalis (Grote) at Bono, 
Ohio; from P. ainslieli Heinrich at York, Ind., and Bono, Ohio; and 
from Diairaea at Grand Isle, La. Other localities, without rearing 
data, are Nantucket, Mass., Englewood, N. J., and Baton Rouge, La. 

Among these specimens are several examples of the undescribed 
male. This sex differs from the female in the usual secondary sexual 
characters of smaller size, more slender form, especially of the abdo- 
men, and more slender, longer, and apically tapering antennae. The 
head is a little broader behind the eyes and the wings a little less 
deeply infumate. 


Genus CRYPTOHELCOSTIZUS Cushman 


The receipt of specimens of two undescribed species brings to four 
the number of North American species referable to this genus. They 
may be distinguished by the following key: 


1. Areolet large, first intercubitus more than half as long as second 


recurrent; wings deeply infumate—---~--------------~--- dichrous Viereck 
Areolet small, first intercubitus not or barely haif as long as 
recurrent; wings hyaline or dilutely infumate_____-------------------- 2 
2. Legs in female and hind tibia in male largely black ; postscutelum 
black; wings in female dilutely infumate--_- chrysobothridis, new species 
Legs in both sexes, except coxae and trochanters, red ; postscutel- 
lum white: wings hyaline__-—_-_---_-_-________-—___-----=—-_-----~=--~ a 


8. First abdominal segment entirely red; posterior orbital mark very 
narrow and not contiguous with eye; scutellum and coxae 
immaculate black and propodeum usually so; tegula white only 

at DaASCl ee ee alamedensis (Ashmead) 
First abdominal segment black with apex red; posterior orbital 
mark very broad and contiguous with eye; secutellum, propo- 
deum, and coxae conspicuously white-marked; tegula entirely 

white ______-_+--~---_---=--------=-—-------------=- ornatus, new species 


CRYPTOHELCOSTIZUS ALAMEDENSIS (Ashmead) 


Cryptus alamedensis ASHMEAD, Proc, U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 12, p. 409, 1890. 

Cryptohelcostizus rufigaster CUSHMAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 55, p. 534, 1919. 

Cryptohelcostizus alamedensis (Ashmead) CusHMAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vel. 
60, art. 21, p. 7, 1922. Synonymy of rufigaster with alamedensis. 


Additional reared specimens, all from larvae of Buprestidae, con- 
firm the host record published with the description of rufigaster and 


358 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 88 


cast doubt on the record of Ashmead “from an unknown lepidopterous 
host.” Also all specimens of the two new species described below were 
reared from buprestids. 

The following specimens have been received since the publication of 
rufigaster: 2 females and 2 males reared from Chrysobothris mali 
Horn at Stanford University (May 15, 1922), Los Gatos (May 23, 
1918), and Simla Station (June 28, 1922), Calif., under Hopkins U. S. 
Nos. 16065 a 3, 15913 B 1, and 16634 a, respectively; one female “from 
flathead borer on Afalus sp.,” Chico, Calif., February 15, 1912, J. R. 
Horton; and one female, Corvallis, Oreg., April. 


CRYPTOHELCOSTIZUS DICHROUS Viereck 


Cryptohelcostizus dichrous VIERECK, Psyche, vol. 28, p. 73, 1921. 


Distinct from all the other species in the deeply infumate wings and 
large areolet. Viereck failed to note the red hind femora in the male. 

Before me are females from Manumuskin, N. J., April 29 and 
October 21, 1901, and Virginia Beach, Va., October 18, 1922 (Jones- 
Walker-Brannon) ; and males from Texas (Belfrage) and Conover, 
N. C., October 8, 1919 (J. E. Eckert), the last compared by me with 
the allotype. 


CRYPTOHELCOSTIZUS CHRYSOBOTHRIDIS, new species 


Structurally very like alamedensis Ashmead, but so distinct in 
color, especially of the legs, as to appear specifically distinct. 

Female—Length 12 mm., antenna 9 mm., ovipositor sheath 4 mm. 
Black, with abdomen, except petiole, ferruginous, and with the 
following whitish markings: Narrow lines in frontal and posterior 
orbits (the latter not contiguous with eye) and rarely a triangular 
mark on cheek, narrow transverse streak on clypeus, incomplete an- 
nulus on flagellar joints 8 and 9, and rarely the humeral margin of 
pronotum and a small spot on base of tegula; flexor surface of front 
tibia reddish; hind femur basally more or less pale or reddish above; 
joints 3 and 4 of hind tarsus reddish; wings distinctly, though not 
deeply, infumate. 

Male—With all white markings of female, except antennal an- 
nulus, and also with facial orbits, spot on base of each mandible, and 
joints 3 and 4 of hind and middle tarsi white; front and middle 
legs beyond trochanters and the hind femur largely or entirely 
ferruginous. 

Host—Chrysobothris sp. on apple. 

Type locality —Stillwater, Okla. 

Type.—U.S.N.M. No. 53492. 

Ten females and five males, all reared by Myron Maxwell, March 
16-April 8, 1936. 


NEW ICHNEUMON-FLIES—-CUSHMAN 359 


CRYPTOHELCOSTIZUS ORNATUS, new species 


This species also is very closely related to alamedensis, but may 
be distinguished from that and from both the other species by its 
highly ornamented head and thorax. In the following description 
only those characters are given by which it differs from alamedensis. 

Female—Length 11 mm., antenna 7.5 mm., ovipositor sheath 3 mm. 

Face mostly polished and sparsely punctate, combined length of 
face and clypeus fully as long as width of face (distinctly shorter in 
alamedensis) ; interfoveal line hardly longer than foveo-ocular line 
(much longer in @/amedensis) ; temples convex; ocellocular ine much 
shorter than postocellar line and a little longer than diameter of an 
ocellus (in alamedensis the postocellar and ocellocular lines are nearly 
equal and nearly twice as long as the diameter of an ocellus) ; apical 
joint of antenna tapering slightly (cylindrical in alamedensis) ; first 
tergite a little more slender than in alamedensis, with spiracles 
shghtly beyond middle; spiracles of second tergite at middle (dis- 
tinctly before middle in alamedensis) ; sheath of ovipositor much 
less than half as long as body. 

White markings of head and thorax much larger than in alame- 
densis; orbital ring very broad and only narrowly interrupted on ver- 
tex and malar space, contiguous with eye posteriorly and broadening 
below to embrace nearly entire width of cheek; antennal annulus on 
flagellar joints 7-9; collar and both upper and lower margins of pro- 
notum broadly white, as are also the subalar tubercle, tegulae, apex 
of scutellum, postscutellum, two large lateral spots and a small me- 
dian spot at apex of propodeum, upper surfaces of all coxae largely, 
and basal joints of front and middle trochanters except dorsally 
(coxae and basal trochanteral joints otherwise black); first tergite 
black, with apex broadly ferruginous and with the extreme apex 
medially yellow. 

Host—Chrysobothris deserta Horn in desert holly. 

Type locality —Death Valley, Calif. 

Type—U.S.N.M. No. 53493. 

One specimen reared February 23, 1939, by M. F. Gilman. 


APOTEMNUS, new genus 


The proper position for this unusual genus, whether in the Phy- 
gadeuonini or in the Hemitelini, is very doubtful. In none of the 
keys to the Phygadeuonini will it run to any genus that evenly re- 
motely resembles it in general form. Because of its slender anten- 
nae, hairy face, and distinct notaulices it runs best to Panargyrops 
Foerster, but beyond these characters and its bidenticulate clypeus it 
has little in common with that genus. In the keys of Foerster and 
Ashmead to the Hemitelini it runs directly to Zsadelphus Foerster, 


360 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou, 8& 


with which it agrees in many features of the head, thorax, and 
appendages. From both these genera it differs remarkably in the 
abruptly truncate propodeum and the stout, Pimpla-like abdomen 
with very short first segment and transversely impressed tergites 1-4. 

Female.—Head transvere; temples narrow, ocelli small; eyes di- 
vergent below; malar space long; face and clypeus with dense, short, 
silvery hair; clypeus weakly separated, minutely bidenticulate; man- 
dible evenly bidentate; antenna slender, basal three joints of flagel- 
lum very long. 

Thorax stout; epomia distinct; notaulices rather deep anteriorly, 
obsolescent on disk; sternaulices deep anteriorly, obsolescent in pos- 
terior third; scutellum convex, immargined; metapleuron flat; pro- 
podeum broadly truncate, the apical carina thick, prominent later- 
ally, costulae and basal portions of median carinae obsolete, all other 
carinae absent, spiracles very small, circular; legs moderately stout, 
hind femur tapering from basal fourth to apex; stigma narrow, with 
radius somewhat beyond middle; areolet pentagonal, second inter- 
cubitus largely bullated; nervulus postfurcal: second discoidal cell 
with apical angle acute; postnervulus broken far below middle; ner- 
vellus broken far below middle and strongly inclivous. 

Abdomen stout; first tergite nearly as broad as long, the sides 
widely divergent to spiracles, thence more gradually divergent, a 
shallow subapical transverse impression, petiole broadly flattened, 
tergite in profile nearly rectangular above, dorsal carinae strong to 
summit of elevation, spiracles a little behind middle; other tergites 
strongly transverse, apices tumid; tergites 2-4 with broad transverse 
impressions, those of 2 and 3 with a small low tubercle at each end; 
ovipositor slender, compressed, narrowly subsagittate at apex, sheath 
much shorter than abdomen. 

Genotype.—A potemnus truncaius, new species. 


APOTEMNUS TRUNCATUS, new species 


Figure 15 


Female—Length 8 mm., antenna 6 mm., ovipositor sheath 2 mm. 

Head polished; face and clypeus very finely and densely punctate 
and mat; face more than twice as broad as long; temple convexly, 
sharply sloping; malar space as long as basal width of mandible; 
antenna 24-jointed, basal two joints of flagellum equal and each about 
six times as long as thick, all other joints at least a little longer than 
thick. 

Thorax polished, with short, fine, appressed pubescence, humeral 
portion of pronotum, mesoscutum along margins and on middle of 
disk, scutellum, lower portion of mesopleuron, mesosternum, and 


NEW ICHNEUMON-FLIES—CUSHMAN 361 


metapleuron minutely punctate ; propodeum basad of carina polished, 
laterally minutely punctate; apical truncature weakly, transversely 
rugulose, shining. 

Abdomen shining, weakly and minutely alutaceous, with fine sparse 
punctation; ovipositor sheath hardly as long as first two tergites. 


Figure 15.—Apotemnus truncatus, new genus and species. 


Head black; scape reddish in front; mandibles white basally; palpi 
pale; thorax ferruginous, with black sutures; pronotum and pre- 
pectus largely, discal spot on mesoscutum with branches along 
notaulices and middle of prescutum, an irregular longitudinal spot 
on middle of mesopleuron, and the propodeum black, the last with a 
faint, transverse, reddish streak before carina; wings hyaline, stigma 
and costa stramineous, veins black, tegulae and humeral angles of 
pronotum white; legs ferruginous, front and middle coxae and 
trochanters and extensor surfaces of tibiae stramineous; abdomen 
piceous, darker at bases of tergites and more reddish at apices and 


362 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you. 88 


laterally, with tergites very narrowly whitish apically; venter pale, 
with sternites blackish. 

Type locality.—Corvallis, Oreg. 

Holotype—U.S.N.M. No. 53494. 

One specimen taken July 13, 1935, by George R. Ferguson. 


Genus ITOPLECTIS Foerster 
ITOPLECTIS ATROCOXALIS (Cresson) 


Pimpla atrocoralis Cresson, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soe., vol. 3, p. 146, 1870. 
Pimpla ovalis THomson, Opuscula entomologica, fase. 8, p. 748, 1877.—ScHM1EepE- 
KNECHT, Zool. Jahrb., vol. 3, p. 494, 1888; Ill. Wochenschr. Ent., vol. 2, 
510, 1897; Opuscula ichneumonologica, fase. 14, p. 1073, 1906—Gerurs, 
Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr., 1908, p. 467-——ScHMIEDEKNECHT, Zeitschr. Angew. 
Ent., vol. 1, p. 414, 1914—Hetnricu, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr., 1928, p. 87.— 
CONSTANTINEAU, Ann. Soc. Univ. Jassy, vol. 15, p. 231, 1928 (1929).— 
SCHMIEDEKNECHT, Opuscula ichneumonologica, suppl.-band, fase. 19, p. 96, 

1934. New synonymy. 


Pimpla (Itoplectis) ovalis THomsox, Opuscula entomologica, fase. 13, p. 1409, 
1889.—HernscH, Konowia, vol. 8, p. 127, 1929. 

Pimpla maculator var. ovalis (Thomson) Haupt, Mitt. Ent. Ges. Halle, 1913, 
Nos. 5-6, p. 55. 

Itopiectis ovalis (Thomson) Mortey, A revision of the Ichneumonidae based on 
the collection in the British Museum (Natural History), pt. 3, p. 78, 1914.— 
Seyrie, Kos, vol. 3, p. 217, 1917. 

Tioplectis pudibundae RoMAN (not Ratzeburg), Arkiv fdr Zool., vol. 9, p. 25, 
1914.—HELLEN, Acta Soe. Fauna et Flora Fennica, 1915, p. 39.—Sryrie, 
Ann. Soe. Ent. France, vol. 101, p. 116, 1932. 

ltoplectis atrocozralis (Cresson) CUSHMAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 58, p. 
341, 1920. 

Pimpla pudibundae HABERMEHL (not Ratzeburg), Konowia, vol. 9, p. 112, 1930. 

The acquisition of more material from both North America and 

Europe convinces me that atrocoralis and ovalis are identical. 

Perusal of the original description of Pimpla pudibundae Ratze- 
burg would seem to indicate that Roman was wrong in synonymizing 
ovalis with that species, for pudibundae is described as having the 
ovipositor as long as the abdomen and the hind coxae red-brown. 

Also Ratzeburg states that he reared his species as a gregarious 

external parasite, never from the pupa. This is an impossible habit 

for an /toplectis but is exactly the habit of /seropus and of a few 
species of E'piurus. From the fact that the face of the male of 
pudibundae is not yellow I suspect that it is an EH’ piwrus. 


Genus CALLIEPHIALTES Ashmead 
CALLIEPHIALTES FERRUGINEUS, new species 
In my recently published key to the Neotropical species of Cal- 


liephialtes ® this species runs to minutus (Brullé). From that species 


2 Rey. Ent., vol. 9, pp. $6—97, 1938. 


NEW ICHNEUMON-FLIES—CUSHMAN 363 


it is immediately distinguishable by its red head and red, not yel- 
lowish, scutellum and abdomen. 

Female-—Length 8 mm., antenna 6 mm., ovipositor sheath 8 mm. 

Head and thorax polished, unsculptured, and glabrous, except that 
the face is sparsely and the propodeum very sparsely hairy and the 
clypeus bears several long hairs; temple strongly convex but not 
reaching outside tangent of eye; eyes slightly convergent below and 
shallowly emarginate opposite antennae; face as long as broad, with 
a low, median, longitudinal elevation; malar space very short, 
antenna 30-jointed. 

Thorax stout; prescutum medially impressed ; notaulices weakly 
defined on disk of mesoscutum; carinae limiting scutellar fovea 
obsolete; propodeum without trace of carinae. 

Abdomen broad, finely and not densely punctate, tergal tubercles 
prominent, the impressions defining them posteriorly extending 
almost across tergites; tergite 1 hardly as long as broad, somewhat 
tumid, without carinae beyond the very short anterior basin; tergite 
2 as long as broad at base, with deep, transverse gastrocoeli; 
ovipositor sheath with short hair. 

Ferruginous; a small spot on each side of apex of propodeum, 
narrow apical margins of tergites 2-5, more or less broadly inter- 
rupted medially, and last two tergites black; antenna black, scape 
and pedicel partly pale in front; palpi and legs whitish, coxae, 
trochanters, and femora posteriorly brownish black, as are also the 
base and apex of the hind tibia; apical jomts of tarsi and apices of 
other joints more or less deeply brown; wings hyaline, venetian 
black; ovipositor sheath black. 

Host.—Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders). 

Type locality—Boqueron, Puerto Rico. 

Holotype and paratype—U.S.N.M. No. 58495. 

Two females reared May 20, 1938, by K. A. Bartlett under Puerto 
Rico No. 1991. 


Genus TROMATOBIA Foerster 
TROMATOBIA LATERALIS (Cresson), new combination 


Clistopyga? lateralis Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soe. Philadelphia, vol. 4, p. 34, 1865. 
Ephialies cressonii Dewirz, Berlin. Ent. Zeitschr., vol. 25, p. 205, pl. 5, fig. 9, 
1881. 

This West Indian species is represented by specimens from both 
Puerto Rico and Cuba as well as by a female taken by P. W. Fattig 
at Atlanta, Ga., April 14, 1929. One of each sex was reared from a 
spider egg-cocoon from Lares, Puerto Rico, September 8, 1921, by 
G. N. Wolcott. 


364 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM yor, 88 


Genus EXETASTES Gravenhorst 
EXETASTES RUFIPES Cresson 


Exetasies abdoninalis var. a Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Philadelphia, vol. 4 


’ 


p. 277, 1865. 
Exetastes rufipes Cresson, Proc. Hint. Soc. Philadelppia, vol. 4, p. 277 (note), 
1865. 


Exetastes purpureus CUSHMAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 84, p. 285, 1987. 
New synonymy. 

Additional material received since the publication of my revision 
of Hxetastes shows purpureus to be merely a variation of rufipes. 
This material consists of six females and two males submitted for 
identification by George R. Ferguson, Oregon State Agricultural 
College, Corvallis, Oreg. They were collected July 20 and 26, 1937, 
at 7,000 and 8,500 feet on Steens Mountain, Oreg., by Bolinger and 
Jewett. 

The series includes specimens intermediate in color of legs be- 
tween the black of purpureus and the red of rufipes as well as speci- 
mens typical of each. 


EXETASTES PILOSUS, new species 


In my key to the North American species of H’vetastes * this species 
will run to couplet 4, where it agrees with the first alternate in the 
sculpture and pubescence of the head and thorax but disagrees with 
the other three characters. The color pattern of the head and thorax 
is like that of /astws, but the abdomen and legs are ferruginous. Be- 
yond couplet 4 it runs, on most of the characters, to dbituminosus 
Cushman, with which it agrees rather remarkably in the structure 
of the head and the form of the abdomen, but differs in the exceed- 
ingly slender antennae and legs as well as conspicuously in color. 

Female.—Length 11 mm., antenna 11 mm. 

Head and thorax mat, with very fine dense punctation and dense 
silvery pubescence; temples strongly receding, nearly flat; occipital 
carina sinuate below and joining hypostomal carina; ocellocular and 
postocellar lines about equal and each much longer than diameter of 
an ocellus; face twice as broad as long, as broad as length of the 
parallel eyes, nearly flat, with a small median prominence; clypeus 
slightly less than twice as broad as long, strongly rounded at apex, 
transversely divided at basal third, apical part shining, finely 
shagreened; malar space two-thirds as long as basal width of 
mandible; mandible nearly twice as long as broad at base, teeth 
equal; antenna 73-75-jointed, extremely slender filiform, basal joint 
of flagellum fully six times as long as thick at apex but hardly twice 
as long as second, subapical joints moniliform. 


* Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 84, p. 249, 1937. 


NEW ICHNEUMON-FLIES—CUSHMAN 365 


Thorax rather slender; notaulices absent; scutellum narrow, not 
at all margined; propodeum with carinae, but separated from meta- 
pleuron by a distinct but uneven pleural carina, spiracles small. 

Legs extremely slender, hind femur fully nine times as long as 
deep and fully three-fourths as long as tibia; inner calcarium half 
as long as basitarsus; claws slender, entirely without teeth; coxae 
with sculpture and vestiture like thoracic. 

Wings: Apical abscissa of radius strongly curved, hardly a half 
longer than basal abscissa; second recurrent very strongly curved, 
subangulate near top; nervulus slightly postfurcal; abscissula twice 
as long as intercubitella. 

Abdomen slender, compressed but not deep at apex, subpolished, 
subtly shagreened and with scattered small punctures basally, 
polished and unsculptured apically; first tergite twice as long as 
broad, widening almost evenly from base to apex; second a little 
longer than broad at base; ovipositor straight, sheath slightly shorter 
than first tergite. 

Head and thorax black; mandible medially, transverse ridge of 
clypeus (sometimes the apical portion), and collar whitish; apex of 
clypeus, anteroventral and upper margins of pronotum partly, 
notaulices and lateral margins of mesoscutum, scutellum laterally 
and apically, postscutellum, tegula, subalar tubercle, and apices of 
propodeum and metapleuron yeilow to yellowish ferruginous; legs 
ferruginous, coxae and trochanters black, front and middle ones 
reddish below, hind coxa reddish piceous above, hind tarsus black; 
wings hyaline, venation black, stigma pale at extreme base; abdomen 
bright ferruginous, epipleura and sternites of segments 1-3 edged 
with black, plica dusky testaceous; sheath black. 

Male.—Essentially like female, but flagellum distinctly less slender, 
legs even more slender and abdomen narrower, markings of thorax 
and legs paler; hind coxa entirely black; genital sheath ferruginous. 

Type locality —Corvallis, Oreg. 

Type—vU.S.N.M. No. 53496. 

Three females and one male collected October 25, 1935, by G. R. 
Ferguson. 

ATOPOTROPHOS, new name 


Atopognathus CUSHMAN, Proc. Hnt. Soc. Washington, vol. 21, p. 116, 1919. Pre- 
occupied by Atopognathus Bigot (1881) in Diptera. 


I am indebted to Dr. Henry K. Townes, Jr., for calling my atten- 
tion to the preoccupation of my generic name. 
ATOPOTROPHOS COLLARIS (Cushman), new combination 


Atopognatius collaris CUSHMAN, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, vol. 21, p. 117, 
fig. 1, 1919. 


366 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88 


ATOPOTROPHOS BUCEPHALUS (Cresson), new combination 
Mesoleptus ? bucephalus Cresson, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 2, p. 36, 1868. 


This Mexican species, known only from the type male, is larger 
than collaris (Cushman), with head relatively a littie smaller, malar 
space shorter, abdomen more slender, and legs somewhat darker. 


Genus PHYTODIETUS Gravenherst 
PHYTODIETUS PULCHERRIMUS (Cresson) 


Mesoleptus pulcherrimus Cresson, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 2, p. 101, male, 
1868. 

Phytodietus distinctus Cresson, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 3, p. 166, 1870. 
New synonymy. 

Phytodietus zonatus PRovANCHER, Nat. Can., vol. 6, p. 79, 1874; Petit faune 
entomologique du Canada, p. 483, female, 1883. New synonymy. 

Phytodietus pulcherrimus (Cresson) PRovANCHER, Nat. Can., vol. 12, p. $i, 1880; 
Petit faune entomologique du Canada, p. 484, male, 1883. 

Mesosienus nobilis PRovANCHER, Nat. Can., vol. 18, p. 368, 1882; Petit faune 
entomologique du Canada, p. 785, female, 1883. New synonymy. 

Mesoleius telarius PRovANCHER, Additions et corrections au volume i de la 
faune entomologique du Canada .. ., p. 106, female, 1886. New synonymy. 

Meniscus pulcherrimus Cresson, Synopsis of the families and genera of the 
Hymenoptera of America, north of Mexico, p. 219, 1887. 

Phytodietus distinctus CRESSON, Synopsis of the families and genera of the 
Hymenoptera of America, north of Mexico, p. 219, 1887. 

Phytodietus nobilis (Provancher) Davis, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 
1894, p. 187. 

Phytodietus telarius (Provancher) Davis, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 
1894, p. 189. 

Ctenopelma pulchra ASHMEAD, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 22, p. 198, male, 1896. 

Phytodietus pulchra (Ashmead) Davis, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 24, p. 340, 
1897. 

Phytodietus pulcherrimus (Cresson) Rouwer, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 57, 
p. 462, male, 1920. 

Phytodietus distinctus (Cresson) Rouwer, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 57, p. 463, 
female, 1920. 


T have for a long time been convinced of the identity of pulcher- 
rimus and distinctus. Recently additional evidence of this synonymy 
has come to hand in the rearing by B. J. Landis August 19-26, 1935, 
at Columbus, Ohio, from Lowostege similalis Guenée, of four females 
(distinctus) and two males (pulcherrimus). 

Both sexes vary greatly in color, especially the female. In the 
latter sex the body, with the exception of yellow markings on the 
orbits, the scutellum and postscutellum, and narrow apices of some 
of the tergites, may be entirely black, while at the other extreme are 
specimens with the propodeum, metapleuron, and first three or four 
tergites largely red and the head, thorax, and abdomen profusely 
marked with yellow. Between these two extremes all gradations 
occur. 


NEW ICHNEUMON-FLIES—CUSH MAN 367 


Genus OPHION Fabricius 


OPHION BERMUDENSIS, new species 


Of the Neotropical species keyed out by Morley* the present 
species runs best to intricatus Brullé, but that is a much larger and 
paler species. 

Female—Length 11 mm., antennae 11 mm. 

Head thin, the temples strongly receding, convex; posterior ocelli 
nearly touching the eyes and separated from each other by somewhat 
less than the diameter of an ocellus; eyes very large, nearly reaching 
bases of mandibles, strongly emarginate within; face below very 
slightly broader than frons; convex medially, clypeal foveae deep, 
clypeus barely extending below lower tangent of eyes, its apex 
broadly arcuate and with a narrow reflexed margin; mandibles stout, 
barely a half longer than broad at base; antenna 47-jointed, mod- 
erately stout, tapering at apex, all joints of flagellum distinetly 
longer than thick, the first joint much less than twice as long as 
second. 

Thorax stout, about a half longer than deep; mesoscutum finely 
and sparsely punctate, notaulices distinct and broad anteriorly, ob- 
soletely indicated well back; scutellum convex, sparsely punctate, 
inargined basally; mesopleuron granularly opaque and indefinitely 
rugulose below, polished and sparsely punctate above; propodeum 
opaque, granularly rugulose, completely areolated except that basal 
median area is not defined and the apical carina is interrupted be- 
tween the median carinae, the basal carina weaker laterally, as are 
also the lateral carinae (in some of the other specimens these weak 
carinae are even weaker almost to the extent of being absent). 

Legs stout, the hind femur barely twice as long as coxa and hardly 
six times as long as deep; apical joint of hind tarsus not longer than 
fourth. 

Wings: Basal abscissa of radius straight, not thickened at base, 
apical abscissa gently curved and about two and one-half times as 
long as basal abscissa; basal vein straight; first recurrent nearly 
erect, ramellus reaching fully halfway to basal vein; intercubitus, 
second abscissa of cubitus, and second recurrent nearly in the ratio 
of 1:2:4; nervulus slightly antefurcal; radiella strongly curved at 
base, basal abscissa nearly as long as apical abscissa; intercubitella 
about a third as long as basal abscissa of radiella; nervellus strongly 
broken at or a little above middle, reclivous, its upper abscissa 
perpendicular. 


4 Revision of the Ichneumonidae based on the collection in the British Museum (Natural 
History), pt. 1, p. 54, 1912. 


3868 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM yOL. 88 


Abdomen barely twice as long as head and thorax; spiracles of 
first segment at apical two-fifths; second tergite much shorter than 
first and barely as long as third. 

Reddish brown; orbits and vertex whitish; face medially brighter 
than general body color and clypeus and mandibles ferruginous; an- 
tennae ferruginous, scape and pedicel darker; scutellum and thoracic 
sutures paler than general color; wings hyaline, veins blackish, 
stigma ferruginous, paler toward apex, tegulae and radices stramine- 
ous; legs concolorous with body, the trochanters, tibiae, and tarsi 
more ferruginous. 

Male—kKssentially like female. 

Type locality —Bermuda. 

Type—vU.S.N.M. No. 538497. 

One female and four males received from Fred M. Schott. Two 
of the males are a little larger and slightly lighter in color. 


Genus IDECHTHIS Foerster 


IDECHTHIS PERUVIANA, new species 


Very similar to the cosmopolitan J, canescens (Gravenhorst), from 
which it differs principally in the somewhat stouter antennae with 
the subapical joints shorter than thick and not at all moniliform, 
the finer and denser punctation of meoscutum, and the black second 
tergite with apical angles triangularly ferruginous. 

Female.—Length 7 mm., antennae 4 mm., ovipositor sheath 2 mm. 

Head opaque, with dense, glittering, silvery pubescence on face, 
clypeus, sides of frons, temples, and cheeks; temples convexly reced- 
ing, seen from above half as long as short diameter of eye; diameter 
of an ocellus distinctly longer than ocellocular line and about two- 
thirds as long as postocellar line; eyes shallowy concave opposite 
antennae; face very sightly narrower than shortest width of 
frons; antenna 35-jointed, flagellum of uniform thickness, basal joint 
hardly four times as long as thick, subapical jomts slightly thicker 
than long, not at all moniliform. 

Thorax with vestiture like that of head, opaque; pronotum finely 
punctate, the scrobe shining and transversely striate; mesoscutum 
very finely, confluently punctate; scutellum more sparsely and finely 
punctate; mesopleuron and metapleuron very finely shagreened, with 
minute sparse punctures, speculum polished, scrobe transversely 
striate; propodeum overlapping basal half of hind coxae, basally 
shagreened and punctate, apically transversely rugulose, areola 
elongate, parallel-sided behind costulae, confinent with petiolar area. 

Legs: Hind femur and tibia rather stout, tarsus little longer than 
tibia, longer calcarium not quite reaching middle of basitarsus. 


NEW ICHNEUMON-FLIES—CUSHMAN 369 


Wings: Areolet very small, with long petiole; postnervellus broken 
at middle, nervellus strongly inclivous, unbroken. 

Abdomen slender, minutely granular, subopaque; first segment 
without trace of grooves or foveae, postpetiole nearly twice as broad 
as petiole; second tergite four times as long as broad at base and 
much more than twice as broad at apex as at base, spiracies slightly 
less than three-fifths of way from base to apex; segments beyond 
third compressed ; ovipositor slender, upeurved, sheath a little more 
than one and a half times as long as first segment. 

Black with abdomen beyond second tergite and the femora largely 
ferruginous; scape and pedicel in front, mandible, palpi, and tegulae 
yellow; scape and pedicel piceous above, flagellum black; wings 
hyaline, venation blackish; front and middle coxae and trochanters, 
apices of their femora, and pases of their tibiae yellow, femora other- 
wise ferruginous and tibiae and tarsi stramineous; hind coxa black, 
its apex broadly and trochanter beneath yellow, femur piceoferrugi- 
nous, tibia and tarsus blackish, the tibia with a trace of yellow at 
extreme base above, calcaria yellow; first segment entirely black, 
second black with apical corners ferruginous, other tergites ferrugi- 
nous more or less blackish above. 

Male.—Essentially like female. 

Type locality —Lima, Peru. 

Host.—Mescinia peruella Schaus. 

Type—U.S.N.M. No. 53498. 

Three females and one male reared by Dr. J. Wille under his num- 
bers 318-30, 45-31, and 226-82. 


Tribe CREMASTINI 
BRACHYSCLEROMA, new genus 


Head very thin, sublenticular, temples very strongly receding, some- 
times nearly perpendicular to longitudinal axis; ocelli small in both 
sexes; clypeus more or less distinctly separated from face, apically 
subacute, with an oblique impression on each side along margin; malar 
space long; mandible small, upper tooth longer than lower; antennal 
scape subcylindrical, hardly thicker than flagellum, apex hardly ob- 
lique; flagellum setiform, tapering from base to apex, with long, very 
dense reclinate pubescence and also with erect verticillate hairs at 
apex of each joint, all joints short, basal joint shorter than scape; 
palpi of only moderate length and very slender; maxillae of normal 
length and form. 

Thorax very robust; mesoscutum precipitate anteriorly, notaulices 
not or weakly defined; scutellum strongly margined to apex laterally; 
mesopleuron with a broad, deep, oblique furrow, usually foveolate at 


370 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you. 88 


bottom ; sternaulices deep, more or less foveolate; propodeum strongly 
rounded, perpendicular apically, not overlapping hind coxae, com- 
pletely areolated except that apical abscissa of lateral carina and 
sometimes costellae are absent. 

Legs moderately stout and, especially hind legs, very long; tibiae, 
especially hind tibia, very coarsely and deeply punctate and with 
coarse, long hair; claws very small, pectinate, the pecten of each claw 
composed of two or three slender teeth; calcaria very long, inner one 
of each pair much longer than outer. 

Wings broad, nearly or quite reaching apex of abdomen; stigma 
narrow, radius at or slightly beyond middle; basal vein perpendicular, 
curved; metacarpus much longer than stigma; areolet small, oblique, 
recurrent near apex; discocubitus sharply curved or broken basad of 
bulla; recurrent straight, bulla weakly divided; nervulus broken far 
below middle; abscissula nearly or quite as long as intercubitella; 
mediella distinct to base; nervulus broken far below middle and 
strongly inclivous; longitudinal veins of hind wing obsolete beyond 
cross veins. 

Abdomen relatively short and slender; first segment about as long 
as next two combined, postpetiole much longer than broad, sternite 
not reaching spiracles and not at all enclosed by lateral margins of 
tergite; tergite 2 distinctly shorter than 3, epipleura not carinately 
separated, spiracles in epipleura; ovipositor long and extremely 
slender, attenuate apically, apical notch inconspicuous. 

Genotype.—Brachyscleroma apoderi, new species. 

Of the other cremastine genera Brachyscleroma is most. closely 
alhed to Dimophora Foerster, resembling that genus in the short, 
robust thorax with distinct sternaulices; the margined scutellum; the 
strongly rounded and posteriorly precipitate propodeum not over- 
lapping the hind coxae; the stout, long hind legs; and the short abdo- 
men with relatively long first segment and short second and third 
segments, the first sternite not at all covered by the lateral margins 
of the tergite and not nearly reaching the spiracles. Many of the 
characters common to the two genera are exaggerated in Brachyscle- 
roma, the sternaulices are deeper and more or less foveolate; the 
scutellum is margined to apex, not merely at base; the hind legs are 
relatively longer as compared to the front legs; and the first ab- 
dominal segment is relatively longer and the second and third seg- 
ments are relatively shorter. Otherwise Brachyscleroma differs from 
Dimophora by most of the features mentioned in the description, 
notably the thin, lenticular head; the deep, oblique mesopleural fur- 
row; the narrow stigma; the small, oblique areolet; the very short 
second tergite with spiracles in the epipleura, which are not cari- 
nately separated; and the very long, slender ovipositor. 

The coleopterous host is also unusual for a cremastine. 


NEW ICHNEUMON-FLIES—CUSHMAN 371 


BRACHYSCLEROMA APODERI, new species 


FIGURE 16 


Female-—Length 5 mm., antenna 3 mm., ovipositor sheath 4 mm. 
Head more than 2.5 times as broad as thick; temples flat, polished, 
nearly perpendicular to longitudinal axis; postocellar line longer than 
ocellocular line and more than twice as long as diameter of an ocellus; 
frons transversely striatopunctate; face nearly twice as long as broad, 


1B 


Ficurp 16.—Brachyscleroma apoderi, new genus and species. 


372 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you. 88 


coarsely, densely umbilicate-punctate, this sculpture extending onto 
base of clypeus and obscuring the separating furrow; malar space 
nearly as long as basal width of mandible, rugose before and striate 
behind malar furrow; scape nearly twice as long as thick, about twice 
as long as pedicel and much longer than first joint of flagellum; 
flagellum 27-jointed, fully twice as thick at base as at apex and 
tapering gradually, the jomts successively very slightly shorter from 
base to apex. 

Thorax nearly as deep as long; densely punctate dorsally, mostly 
polished laterally, with all lateral furrows strongly foveolate; prono- 
tum punctate along humeral margin; notaulices not defined; scutel- 
lum more coarsely punctate than mesoscutum, scutellar furrow 
foveolate; mesopleural furrow and sternaulices strongly foveolate; 
propodeum polished, margins of areas foveolate; median areas narrow, 
areola pentagonal with costulae behind middle; inner hind calearium 
about three-fourths as long as basitarsus; tarsus hardly as long as 
tibia, basitarsus hardly longer than jomts 2 and 3 combined. 

Abdomen little more than half as broad as thorax; with dense, 
long pubescence except on broad, polished, median, apical areas of 
first three tergites and middle areas of other tergites. Black; man- 
dibles and polished apical portion of clypeus light brownish; palpi 
white; antenna fuscous, stramineous basally; wings hyaline, vena- 
tion brown, stigma paler, costa and radix stramineous, tegula tes- 
taceous; front and middle legs stramineous; hind coxa piceous, 
stramineous ventrally, trochanter stramineous, femur and tibia rufo- 
fuscous, femur paler apically; joints 2-4 of tarsus paler than basi- 
tarsus; petiole whitish, postpetiole black; rest of abdomen rufotes- 
taceus, paler toward apex, tergite 2 partly reddish piceous toward 
apex; ovipositor sheath brownish yellow. 

Male—vVery similar to female in both structure and color, but 
tergites beyond first brownish, with base and sides of second and 
pasal angles of third whitish; genitalia white. 

Host—Apoderus quadripunctatus Gyllenhal. 

Type locality —TVjipetir, Java. 

Type.—U.S.N.M. No. 53499. 

One female and two males reared in 1936 by J. Van der Vecht. 


Genus PSEUDERIPTERNUS Viereck 
PSEUDERIPTERNUS ELONGATUS (Davis), new combination 


Ateleuti (sic!) elongatus Davis, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 24, p. 362, 1897. 
Pseuderipternus gracilipes CUSHMAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 58, p. 507, 1917. 
New synonymy. 
Paratype a of gracilipes has been compared with the type of 
elongatus and found almost identical. 


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PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION 
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Vol. 88 Washington: 1940 No. 3084 


THE SCOLYTID BEETLES OF THE GENUS RENOCIS 
CASEY, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NINE NEW SPECIES 


By M. W. Buackman 


For more than 45 years specimens of undescribed species of 
Renocis Casey have been accumulating in the National Museum 
owing to the efforts of various collectors... Most of these specimens 
were collected in the Southwestern States. The species occurring in 
these arid and semi-arid regions are found in a variety of hosts. 
Species of the family Rosaceae (Malus, Amelanchier, Cercocarpus, 
Cowania, and Prunus) most frequently serve as hosts, but at least 
three Leguminosae (Lysenhardtia, Prosopis, and Parkinsonia) and 
in addition species of Rhus, Ribes, and Covillea, and of the genus 
Encelia of the Compositae, are also attacked by one or several species 
of Renocis. 

It is doubtful whether any of the species ever breed successfully 
in the vigorous tissues of their hosts; but as the plants upon which 
they depend are common in grazing lands, a plentiful supply of in- 
jured and broken shrubs or limbs is always available in such areas. 


1Included among these are E. A. Schwarz, H. G. Hubbard, H. S. Barber, D. W. Coquillett, 
H. F. Wickham, and A. D. Hopkins, formerly chief of the division of forest insect investi- 
gations, U. S. Bureau of Entomology, and his field force, including J. M. Miller, F. P. Keen, 
H. E. Patterson, W. F. Fiske, J. L. Webb, George Hofer, M. Crissman, and B. T. Harvey. 
Other specimens have been more recently received from the Southwest through J. N. Knull, 
T. O. Thatcher, and William Nye, and from Brazil through D. da Rocha. Also several 
series of a Mexican species have been intercepted by the New York, N. Y., Brownsville, Tex., 
and Nogales, Ariz., plant quarantine stations of this bureau. 


190798—40——_1 373 


374 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 88 


In these semiarid regions, also, many of the host plants are weakened 
by drought, thus becoming suitable hosts for Renocis. Scorching of 
the host by light ground fires also furnishes suitable breeding ma- 
terial. On the other hand, the beetles’ breeding activities in broken 
limbs and shrubs and in shrubs and small trees weakened by other 
causes may greatly increase the fire hazard. 

While the hosts affected by species of Renocis are not usually pro- 
ducers of valuable wood, they are of great use as browse for both 
wild and domestic herbivora and are valuable in binding the soil on 
watersheds. Their destruction by fire and insects may result in 
serious erosion of the watershed, silting of the storage basins, or even 
disastrous landslides. Several species of Renocis are also known to 
attack fruit trees and shrubs, but they are not known to be really 
destructive in well-kept orchards. 

Drawings for the figures herein were made under the author’s 
supervision by Mrs. Eleanor A. Carlin, of the United States Bureau 
of Entomology and Plant Quarantine. 


Genus RENOCIS Casey 


Renocis Casey, California Acad. Sci. Bull. 6, pp. 257-259, 1886.—Swainre, New 
York State Mus. Bull. 134, p. 144, 1909; Canada Dept. Agr. Ent. Branch, 
Bull. 14, pt. 2, p. 39, 1918—Bruck, Bull. Southern California Acad. Sci., 
vol. 35, pt. 1, p. 41; pt. 2, pp. 119-120, 1936. (Genotype, Renocis hetero- 
dorus Casey.) 

Pseudocryphalus SwWAINkE, Canada Dept. Agr., Ent. Branch, Bull. 14, pt. 1, p. 20, 
1917; pt. 2, pp. 40, 57, 1918.—Brucx, Bull. Southern California Acad. Sci. 
vol. 35, pt. 1, p. 35; pt. 2, pp. 121-123, 1986. (Gentoype, Pseuwdocryphalus 
brittaini Swaine.) 

Description—Body stout, usually less than twice as long as wide. 
Head deflexed, slightly visible from above; frons concave in male 
at least, with longer, coarser setae at sides and above; antennal 
funicle 5-jointed, club compressed, often elongate, with three annu- 
late-setigerous sutures; eyes elongate, sinuate or feebly emarginate 
in front. Pronotum defiexed, feebly arched, much wider than long, 
strongly narrowed in front, anterior margin usually unarmed, but 
with a fringe of erect setae, not sharply margined at sides, clothed 
in recumbent scales, with two or three small groups of asperities on 
disk at each side; scutellum lacking. Elytra with base strongly ele- 
vated and with coarse crenulations; punctate striate; interspaces 
clothed with recumbent scales, with a median row of erect setae on 
each; declivity unmodified, impressed or sulcate. First and second 
abdominal sternites subequal, each as long as third and fourth united ; 
prosternum short but always present, partly or wholly concealed 
by the bulbous forecoxae; marginal teeth on foretibia varying with 
species from long and slender to short and stout. 


BEETLES OF THE GENUS RENOCIS—BLACKMAN 375 


Remarks.—Casey’s description of the genus Renocis and the species 
heterodoxus was based upon a single specimen, and this not in perfect 
condition. This precluded the making of dissections and special 
mounts of parts that are essential in the proper study of such small 
snsects. For this reason Casey’s original description of Renocis may 
be modified and amplified in several respects. 

On page 257 Casey says, “Anterior coxae in contact with the head 
beneath; prosternum entirely obsolete before them.” Dissection dem- 
onstrates that the prosternum is always present (fig. 17, a) though 
rather narrow, and although it is concealed by the bulbous forecoxae 
in the entire specimen, its presence may be inferred with certainty 
by the very evident white setae, arising from the edge of the pro- 
sternum, which may be seen, even in the type, between the coxae and 
the head. He also described the teeth on the outer margin of the 
foretibia as “short, very robust spinules.” As shown by figure 18, e, 
these are neither short nor very robust as compared with those of 
many other scolytids. Also the antennal club in Renocis heterodoxus 
only appears to be “longer than the entire preceding portion.” 
Actually it is considerably shorter (fig. 17, h). 

It seems certain that Swaine’s genus Pseudocryphalus would not 
have been proposed had Casey’s description been more accurate, for 
the main characters in which his description differs from that of 
Casey have to do with the prosternum and the tibial teeth. Indeed, 
Swaine’s description of Pseudocryphalus applies very closely to the 
type species of Renocis—much more closely than Casey’s description. 

LeConte’s genus Chaetophloeus (figs. 17, g; 18, 0), represented by 
the single species C. hystrix LeConte, is similar to Renocis in several 
respects such as body form and proportions, general structure of the 
frons, antennae, and eyes, and the strongly elevated and crenulate 
anterior margins of the elytra. It differs, however, in that the third 
joint of the tarsus is wider and distinctly emarginate; the pronotum 
is not strongly deflexed and its anterior margin does not have a 
fringe of specialized, coarse, erect setae; and the punctures through- 
out are coarse, deep, and close and give rise to erect, hairlike setae. 

The genus Renocis as here constituted includes species that are 
strikingly different in superficial aspects and that indeed show differ- 
ences in certain structures that in other groups might warrant includ- 
ing the species under several different genera. However, a careful 
study of both entire and dissected specimens shows that in the 
essential characters mentioned in the revised generic description the 
necessary uniformity exists. Forms as dissimilar superficially as 
parkinsoniae, penicillatus, and braziliensis show all the essential 
generic characters found in the type species, heterodowus. 


376 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88 


In the following key to the species of Renocis the chief considera- 
tion has been to make it useful in the ready separation of the species, 
rather than to attempt to express genetic relationships. If the latter 
purpose were to be considered of primary importance, it is felt that 
such species as heterodoxus, commixtus, brittaini, criddlei, and brun- 
meus should perhaps be placed closer together. With these probable 
relationships ignored it is believed that a more workable key has 
resulted. 

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF RENOCIS CASEY 


1. Frons of female feebly to moderately impressed or concave, that 
; of male more strongly concave; disk of elytra with median 
row of long erect setae in each interspace; declivity im- 
pressed or) suleatesin swtural region2s-—< _ eS ete eee 2 
Frons of female flat, that of male strongly, broadly concave; 
elytra with median row of setae in each interspace erect, but 
short, wide, and often scalelike; declivity not impressed or 
SUlCATE SIN" SUEUTATERE LTO Tee AE Sete ee See eee 11 
2. Base of pronotum procurved or deeply, broadly emarginate; 
elytral declivity strongly suleate between the elevated third 
interspaces, with median rows of setae much reduced or lack- 
ing in’ first,and Second interspaces= sae 3 
Base of pronotum procurved or shallowly emarginate; elytral 
declivity impressed or weakly sulcate in sutural area, with 
median rows of setae present in all interspaces_____-_-_-________--_-__- 5 
3. Large and stouter, about 1.7 times as long as wide; antennal 
club (fig. 17, b, c) very large and slender, 3 times as long as 
wide, distinctly longer than scape and funicle combined; pro- 
notum with 3 groups of small, slender asperities at each side; 
anterior margins of elytra strongly elevated and serrate with 
median portion displaced posteriorly; declivity deeply and 
broadly sulecate, with setae in interspaces 3, 5, 7, and 9 more 
numerous, very large, terete; foretibia (fig. 18, a, 6) with 
NA Peete ae ae parkinsoniae, new species (p. 378) 
Smaller and less stout, at least 1.8 times as long as wide; 
antennal club (fig. 17, d) shorter than scape and funicle com- 
bined, less than 2.5 times as long as wide; pronotum with 2 
groups of sharp asperities at each side; anterior margins of 
elytra strongly elevated and serrate, forming a continuous 
line; declivity broadly shallowly sulcate, with setae except 
in interspaces 1 and 2 moderately larger, spatulate; foretibia 
with fewer, Slender Leek (Hes 1S, aC)) a ee 4 
4. Frons with a low, granulate tubercle at each side of median 
line; pronotum with dark-brown scales forming a diamond- 
shaped median marking and an oblong spot at each side of 
disk; elytra with sutural light stripe and alternate fasciae 
of brown and of white scales; body form twice as long as 
NOW 1 Cl er esa ees ee aC ere ee ee ER maclayi (Bruck) (p. 382) 
Frons with sides finely granulate-punctate, without tubercle; 
pronotum with cinereous and light-brown scales, the latter 
forming an oblong spot at each side of disk; elytra with uni- 


10. 


at. 


BEETLES OF THE GENUS RENOCIS—-BLACKMAN ott 


formly cinereous scales, with no evidence of fasciae; stouter, 
about 1.8 to 1.85 times as long as wide____pruinosus, new species (p. 383) 


. Declivity subsuleate, with first and second interspaces broad 


and nearly flat; pronotum with 2 groups of asperities at 

each sideo2222 2-2-2) ee a Seen nn 6 
Declivity with first striae more strongly impressed, suture ele- 

vated, second interspaces convex; pronotum with 2 or 3 

groups of asperities at each Sid Quel a: a a eee ee 8 


_ Smaller and stouter, about 1.75 times as long as wide; base of 


pronotum broadly, moderately deeply emarginate, with emar- 
gination bisinuate; front margin not bisinuate; elytra with 
median portion of serrate anterior margin displaced poste- 
riorly ; cinereous scales forming fascia across middle of elytra. 
fasciatus, new species (p. 385) 
Larger and not so stout, more than 1.8 times as long as wide; 
pase of pronotum broadly procurved, with median portion 
not bisinuate; front margin bisinuate; elytra with serrate 
anterior margin bisinuate, forming a continuous line; with 
no fascia of light scales across middle of elytra-------------------- U 


. Piceous-brown to black; with dark-brown and cinereous scales; 


frons often with coarse granule or tooth at each side; ante- 
rior tibia with 8 teeth on outer margin (fig. 18, e). 
heterodoxus Casey (p. 387) 
Reddish brown; with cinnamon-brown and cinereous scales ; 
frons granulate-punctate at sides, without special granule or 
tooth; anterior tibia with 10 teeth on outer margin (fig. 18, f). 
brunneus, new species (p. 389) 


. Pronotum with 2 groups of asperities at each side, base nearly 


straight; elytra stouter, 1.25 times as long as wide, striae dis- 
tinctly, equally impressed, with first not notably stronger; 
scales not concealing the surface, with few light ones; fore- 
tibia with 8 teeth on outer margin (fig. 18, g). 
fuscus, new species (p. 391) 
Pronotum with 3 groups of asperities at each side, base pro- } 
curved; elytra 1.4-1.5 times as long as wide, striae, except 
first, rather feebly impressed ; scales concealing most of sur- 
face, many of them cinereous--~---—------------------—------------- 9 


_Frons with a subtriangular concavity, the sides granulate- 


punctate; pronotum with anterior margin feebly sinuate at 

middle; elytra 1.4 times as long as wide; foretibia with 9-11 

teeth on outer margin (fig. 18, h, i) ------ commixtus, new species (p. 392) 
Frons feebly concave, with a coarse granule at each side; pro- 

notum with anterior margin broadly emarginate at middle; 

elytra about 1.5 times as long as wide------------------------------- 10 
Elytra with striae distinctly, rather strongly impressed, strial 

punctures rather coarse, deep, and distinect___brittaini (Swaine) (p. 394) 
Elytra with striae very feebly impressed, punctures small and 

closely placed__------------------------------ criddlei (Swaine) (p. 395) 
Pronotum at base with sinuate emargination, with a pencil of 

long fine setae at each side just behind anterior margin, 

longer and more conspicuous in male; elytra with median 

portion of serrate anterior margins displaced posteriorly ; 


378 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 88 


each interspace with a row of conspicuous, erect, broad, scale- 
like setae; foretibia (fig. 18, 7) with 6 long, slender teeth on 
outer margin 22 Sera wee ee Sere penicillatus Bruck (p. 395) 
Pronotum procurved or emarginate at base, without a pencil of 
long setae; elytra with the serrate anterior margins forming 
a continuous line; each interspace with median row of scale- 
like setae, shorter and inconspicous; foretibia with stout teeth 
on outer margin. (fig:<1S,¢h=12) == eC See eee 12 
12. Black, almost exactly twice as long as wide, scales and setae 
mostly piceous with fewer cinereous scales; antenna (fig. 
17, n) with club very large, more than twice as long as wide, 
as long as funicle and scape together; pronotum with asperi- 
ties reduced to granules; elytra with marginal serrations sup- 
plemented by a row of 4 teeth just behind margin, 2 on each 
elytron; striae weakly impressed; foretibia (fig. 18, k) with 
8 or 9 teeth on outer margin-_-__-______ mexicanus, new species (p. 397) 
Reddish brown, less than 1.85 times as long as wide, clothed 
mostly in cinereous seales with a few fulvous ones; antennal 
club rather large, broadly oval, less than 1.6 times as long as 
wide, shorter than funicle and scape together; pronotum with 
asperities slender, but high and sharp; elytra with marginal 
serrations supplemented or not by a Second row; striae dis- 
tINnGtly impressed = Ss tw Oh ee ee eae eee ee eee 13 
13. Antennal club (fig. 17, 0) 1.58 times as long as wide; pronotum 
with seales nearly uniformly cinereous; each elytron with a 
row of 7 or 8 teeth on anterior margin and a single tooth behind 
this row; foretibia (fig. 18, 1, m) with 7-9 teeth on outer 
Margins AIG BER VO WA Ie eee braziliensis, new species (p. 398) 
Antennal club (fig. 17, p) 1.33 times as long as wide; pronotum 
with cinereous scales at sides and behind, and fulvous ones 
on most of disk; each elytron with a row of 8 teeth on ante- 
rior margin and no supplementary ones; foretibia (fig. 18, n) 
with 4 short, stout teeth on outer margin___insularis, new species (p. 400) 


RENOCIS PARKINSONIAE, new species 
Ficures 17, 0, c; 18, a, b 


Female.—Reddish brown, with most of scales small and with very 
coarse, erect, nearly white setae; 1.77 to 2.43 mm. long, holotype 2.2 mm. 
long, 1.7 times as long as wide. 

Frons with epistoma subcarinate, shining in median line, with 
margin produced into a sharp median point, and with a fringe of 
nearly white slender setae, covering basal half of mandibles; arcu- 
ately, transversely impressed above epistoma, with impression 
widened in the median area to form a broad, short, shallow concavity 
between eyes, not strongly elevated at sides and above; surface red- 
dish brown, moderately shining, very finely punctate, with interspaces 
very finely reticulate-granulate, with a few low granules at the sides 
and above; surface partly concealed by moderately coarse, light 
cinereous hairs, those at the sides and above being slightly more 


\A 


iM: Sch 
\! shuts 
Wir 
titan 


Ficure 17.—Species of Renocis and Cha 
balsam mounts of dissections, with the ai 


a, X ca. 49; all others, X 79.) 
a, g, h, Renocis heterodoxus Casey: a, 


Prosternum, with coxae removed from coxal cavities 
to show presence of short prosternum, which is ordinarily concealed by bulbous 
forecoxae; g, antennal club of female; A, antenna of male. 

b, c, R. parkinsoniae, new species: b, antenna of female; c, antennal club of male. 
d, R. pruinosus, new species: Antenna of female. 

e, f, R. fasciatus, new species: ¢, Antennal club of male; f, antenna of female. 
i, R. brunneus, new species: Antenna of male. 
j, R. fuscus, new species: Antennal club. 


k,l, R. commixtus, new species: k, Antennal club of male; 
m, R. penicillatus Bruck: Antenna. 
n, R. mexicanus, new species: Antenna of male. 
o, R. braziliensis, new species: Antenna of male. 
p, R. insularis, new species: Antenna of female. 
q, Chaetophloeus hystrix LeConte: Antenna. 


etophloeus. (All drawings except a made from 
d of acompound microscope and a camera lucida. 


1, antenna of female. 


379 


380 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 88 


abundant and coarser. Eye scarcely 3 times as long as wide, finely 
granulate, inner line sinuate. Antenna (fig. 17, 6) with club com- 


prising more than one-half of total length, 3 times as long as wide, , 


with three straight, setigerous, annulate sutures, setae slender. 


Pronotum 1.53 times as wide as long, widest on posterior third; ; 


base with broad, deep, bisinuate emargination; sides strongly arcuate, 
constricted and transversely impressed just behind front margin, 


) 


} 


) 


which is very broadly rounded, feebly sinuate in median area; sur- » 


face reddish brown, finely, closely granulate-punctate; with three) 
groups of rather long, sharp asperities at each side—anterior group, , 


usually 2, just behind anterior margin; middle group, usually 2, back 


of transverse impression; posterior group, usually 8, on the posterior » 


half; surface nearly concealed by small, stout scales, most of them 
light cinereous, except for an admixture of fulvous ones on anterior 
third of disk and extending backward at each side of posterior group 
of asperities ; anterior margin with a fringe of coarse, moderately long 
setae, shorter in the median line; anterior row of fringe light cinere- 
ous, those behind testaceous to fulvous. 

Elytra 1.2 times as long as wide, slightly wider than pronotum; 
sides straight and subparallel on anterior two-thirds, broadly rounded 
behind and strongly emarginate in median area; basal margins 
strongly elevated in each elytron from suture to fourth stria; 
each with six dark-brown teeth, the median three on each side 
displaced posteriorly, and more or less fused in a crescent-shaped 
row; striae narrow, moderately impressed except the first, punctures 
moderately coarse and close; interspaces weakly convex on disk, 
finely rugose punctate; surface on disk clothed with small, stout, 
semierect, scalelike, cinereous setae, and in the middle of each inter- 
space a row of longer, erect setae, not flattened but terete, becoming 
much longer, coarser and blunt behind. Declivity originating just 
behind middle, sloping, deeply, broadly sulcate between the third 
interspaces, which are very strongly elevated, with both median and 
lateral setae very coarse, terete, longer and erect, forming a high 
ridge each side of sulcus; fifth, seventh, and ninth interspaces less 
strongly elevated, also with long, coarse setae; sulcus with suture 
slightly elevated; first striae impressed; second interspace narrow; 
setae lacking or nearly so in interspaces 1 and 2. 

Ventral surface dark reddish brown, shining, sparsely clothed 
with nearly white, bifurcate scales except on last three abdominal 
segments; third and fourth segments with erect, fulvous, undivided 
setae except at sides; last segment as long as third and fourth com- 
bined, with erect, fulvous setae. Foretibia with 9-11 rather coarse 
teeth on outer margin, occasionally with teeth more numerous 
(fig. 18, a, b). 


: 


Ficure 18.—Species of Renocis and Chaetophloeus. (Drawings made from balsam mounts 
of dissections, with the aid of a compound microscope and a camera lucida. X 79.) 


a, b, Renocis parkinsoniae, new species: a, Foretibia and tarsus of female; b, foretibia and 
tarsus of male. 
c, R. pruinosus, new species: Foretibia of female. 
d, R. fasciatus, new species: Foretibia of female. 
é, R. heterodoxus Casey: Foretibia. 
f, R. brunneus, new species: Foretibia and tarsus of male. 
g, R. fuscus, new species: Foretibia. 
h, 1, R. commixtus, new species: h, Foretibia of male; 1, foretibia of female. 
j, R. penicillatus Bruck: Foretibia and tarsus. 
k, R. mexicanus, new species: Foretibia of male. 
L, m, R. braziliensis, new species: /, Foretibia of female; m, foretibia and tarsus of male. 
n, R. insularis, new species: Foretibia and tarsus of male. 
0, Chaetophloeus hystrix LeConte. 


190798—40 2 381 


382 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 88 


Male.—Similar in size and habitus to female, but with frons more 
deeply concave and frontal hairs more numerous and longer; antennal 
club longer and more slender, definitely longer than rest of antenna; 
anterior margin of pronotum with longer setae; pronotal asperities 
usually smaller; venter of last abdominal segment slightly shorter, 
with setae diverging from median line. 

Type locality—Catalina Springs, Ariz. 

Additional localities —Hot Springs and Sabino Canyon, Ariz. 

Host.—Parkinsonia microphylla Torrey. 

Type material—Holotype, allotype, and 89 paratypes, U.S.N.M. 
No. 52949. 

Remarks.—Holotype, allotype, and 74 paratypes were collected and 
bred from Parkinsonia at Catalina Springs, Ariz., by Hubbard and 
Schwarz; 3 paratypes from Hot Springs, Ariz., Barber and Schwarz; 
12 paratypes collected from Parkinsonia microphylla at Sabino Can- 
yon, Ariz., by George Hofer. 


RENOCIS MACLAYI (Bruck), new combination 


Pseudocryphalus maciayi Bruck, Bull, Southern California Acad. Sci., vol. 35, 
pt. 1, p. 35; pt. 2, p) 122, 1936. 

Female——Dark brown, color pattern variegated with dark brown 
and nearly white scales and setae; paratype 1.82 mm. long, about 
twice as long as wide. 

Frons with a short, sharp, median point on epistomal margin, with 
a fringe of light yellow-cinereous setae covering more than basal half 
of mandibles; transversely, arcuately impressed just above epistoma, 
broadly longitudinally impressed in median line; surface shining, 
finely, rather closely punctured, with fine, moderately sparse granules 
over most of surface; with a more strongly granulate, moderate ele- 
vation at each side, just mesad of upper angle of eye; surface mostly 
concealed by rather coarse recumbent and suberect setae, cinereous 
below and in median line, brown above. Eye about 8 times as long 
as wide, finely granulate, the inner margin broadly sinuate. Antenna 
with club slightly more than twice as long as wide, considerably 
shorter than remaining visible parts, with 3 nearly straight, annulate- 
setigerous sutures. 

Pronotum about 1.5 times as wide as long, widest well in front of 
base, which is broadly procurved; sides strongly arcuate behind, 
strongly narrowed anteriorly; constricted and transversely impressed 
just behind the nearly straight, slightly sinuate front margin; sur- 
face dark brown, shining, finely, rather closely punctured, with inter- 
spaces minutely reticulate-granulate; with two groups of rather 
coarse, high asperities at each side; surface clothed with small, wide, 
recumbent, light-cinereous scales, which are nearly white over most 
of surface, but are brown in a median, irregular diamond-shaped or 


BEETLES OF THE GENUS RENOCIS—BLACKMAN 383 


“arrowhead-shaped” spot, and in a smaller, irregular-shaped spot at 
each side involving both groups of asperities; anterior margin with 
very sparse fringe of lighter brown, erect setae. 

Elytra 1.28 times as long as wide, slightly wider than pronotum; 
sides subparallel on anterior two-thirds, broadly rounded behind; 
each basal margin strongly elevated from first to fifth interspace, 
with 6 coarse crenulations, very coarse nearest suture; striae dis- 
tinctly but rather weakly impressed, with punctures moderate and 
fairly close; interspaces nearly flat, finely rugose punctate; surface 
nearly concealed by numerous small, rather narrow, semirecumbent 
scales, some of them brown and some very light cinereous; light scales 
forming the usual sutural stripe, and two broad fasciae, one in an- 
terior half of elytra, the second involving entire face of declivity; 
each interspace with a median row of erect, broad, spatulate setae, 
brown or cinereous in color;.each elytron with a dense group of erect 
brow setae just behind the basal elevation. Declivity moderately 
steep, very broadly sulcate between third interspaces, first and second 
interspaces fiat, nearly devoid of erect median setae; third interspace 
rather high, with median erect setae more numerous than on disk, 
forming a partial double row. 

Ventral surface dark brown, shining, sparsely clothed with white, 
recumbent, bifurcate scales, which are suberect on last three ab- 
dominal segments. Foretibia with six rather long teeth on outer 
margin. 

Type locality—lLos Angeles County, Calif. 

Host.—Encelia californica Nuttall. 

Type material—Holotype in collection of C. R. Bruck. Para- 
types: Collection of California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, 
Calif.; Canadian National Collection, Ottawa, Canada; Los Angeles 
Museum; collection of A. T. McClay. 

Remarks.—The foregoing description was prepared from a para- 
type of Pseudocryphalus maclayi Bruck loaned by the Los Angeles 
Museum through the courtesy of Dr. John A. Comstock and Dr. W. 
Dwight Pierce. The paratype bears the data “Westwood Hills, L. A. 
Co. Cal., 1.26.1986; Encelia californica; A. T. McClay, Collector.” 
From comparison with other species of Renocis it is believed that 
this paratype is a female. No other specimens have been seen by the 
writer. 


RENOCIS PRUINOSUS, new species 
Ficures 17, d; 18, ¢ f 
Female.—Light reddish brown, but appearing pruinose owing to 


light-cinereous scales; 1.8 to 2.25 mm. long; holotype 2.14 mm. long, 
1.85 times as long as wide. 


384 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 88 


Frons with epistomal margin bearing a median sharp point, with 
a fringe of cinereous setae covering most of mandibles; with an 
arcuate transverse impression just behind the epistoma, which is 
widened in median area to a point well above the eyes, forming a 
median concavity; elevated at sides and above; surface brown, shin- 
ing, finely punctate in concavity, finely and closely granulate-punctate 
at sides and above; clothed with moderately long, rather coarse, 
testaceous setae, more abundant at sides and above. Eye finely granu- 
late, more than 3 times as long as wide, the inner margin rather 
weakly sinuate. Antenna (fig. 17, d) with club 2.22 times as long 
as wide, shorter than the remaining visible part of antenna, with 
3 nearly straight sutures marked by annuli and rows of setae. 

Pronotum about 1.4 times as wide as long, widest near base, which 
is broadly, shallowly emarginate; sides strongly arcuate from base 
to transverse impression just behind anterior margin, which is feebly, 
broadly sinuate in median area; surface reddish brown, moderately 
shining, very finely and densely punctate, the interspaces minutely 
reticulate-granulate; each side with two groups of rather high, 
slender asperities, with anterior group near transverse impression 
usually two in number, the posterior group usually four in number 
and nearly midway between anterior and posterior margins; surface 
clothed with small recumbent scales, light cinereous except for a small 
area of fulvous scales at each side involving both groups of asperities; 
anterior margin with a sparse fringe of fulvous setae, shorter than 
in most species of Renocis. 

Elytra 1.2 times as long as wide, slightly wider than pronotum; 
sides straight and subparallel on anterior two-thirds, very broadly 
rounded behind with combined apices appearing broadly emarginate 
in median area; basal margins strongly elevated from first to fifth 
interspace, gradually becoming lower laterally, with six or seven 
crenulations on each side; first stria impressed, the others not at 
all or very feebly impressed, punctures rather coarse, wider than long 
and very closely placed as seen in denuded specimens; interspaces 
nearly flat, finely rugose-punctate, each with a sparse median row of 
slightly larger punctures, sometimes accompanied by feeble gran- 
‘ules, surface almost completely concealed by numerous small, semi- 
recumbent, cinereous scales, which mask even the striae, each inter- 
space with a median row of short, stout, erect, fulvous setae, longer 
on the declivity; each elytron with a dense group of erect, brown 
setae just behind the basal elevation. Declivity steep, very broadly 
sulcate in the sutural area between the third interspaces of the elytra; 
third interspace elevated, with a few feeble granules, the median 
row of setae nearly lacking on interspaces 1 and 2 and replaced by 
a double row of longer, coarser setae on third interspace, causing the 


BEETLES OF THE GENUS RENOCIS—BLACKMAN 385 


sulcus to appear deeper than it actually is. Ventral surface reddish 
brown, shining, rather sparsely clothed with nearly white, recumbent, 
bifurcate scales, those on the last three abdominal segments being 
suberect and some of them entire. Foretibia (fig. 18, ¢) each with 
six rather large teeth on outer margin. 

Male.—Similar in size and habitus, but with the frons concave for 
entire width, thinly clothed with hairs, with abundant, coarser, 
longer, fulvous hairs at sides; pronotum with posterior group of 
asperities poorly developed; venter of last abdominal segment with 
hairs directed laterally. 

This species is rather closely related to Pseudocryphalus maclayt 
Bruck but differs in the absence of the frontal tubercles, in the nota- 
bly stouter form, in the uniformly light-brown body color, and in the 
very different color pattern formed by the scales. 

Type locality —Southern California. 

Additional locality —Catalina Springs, Ariz. 

Host —Encelia farinosa A. Gray. 

Type material—Holotype, allotype, and 12 paratypes, U.S.N.M. 
No. 52950. 

Remarks.—Holotype, allotype, and 7 paratypes are from the 
Coquillett collection, taken in San Bernardino County, Calif.; 1 
paratype, labeled “Cal.”; 1 specimen without data; 3 paratypes— 
“Catalina Springs, Ariz., Coll. Hubbard and Schwarz, on Fncelia 
farinosa.” 


RENOCIS FASCIATUS, new species 


FIGuReEs 17, e, f; 18, d 


Female.—Piceous black, clothed with cinnamon-brown and light- 
cinereous scales; 1.45 to 1.8 mm. long; holotype 1.57 mm. long, 1.75 
times as long as wide. 

Frons with epistomal margin ending in a sharp median point, with 
a fringe of moderately long, rather fine, yellowish hairs, shorter 
and sparser at middle, reaching nearly to tips of mandibles at sides; 
arcuately, transversely impressed above epistoma, with impression 
widened and forming a subtriangular concavity extending to just 
above eyes; surface piceous, shining, finely and closely granulate- 
punctate, elevated and more strongly granulate at sides and above; 
surface of concavity partly concealed by rather short, moderately 
coarse, cinereous setae, which are longer and more abundant above 
and at sides. Eye about 3.3 times as long as wide, finely granulate, 
inner line shallowly, broadly emarginate. Antenna (fig. 17, f) with 
club comprising nearly half of visible length, slightly more than 
twice as long as wide, with three straight, annulate-setigerous 
sutures, setae rather long and slender. 


386 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88 


Pronotum 1.6 times as wide as long, widest one-fourth of distance 
from base, which is broadly, strongly procurved, sides strongly arcu- 
ate, greatly narrowed anteriorly; a weak transverse impression just 
behind front margin, which is very broadly rounded, not sinuate 
in middle; surface piceous, shining, finely and densely granulate- 
punctate; at each side with two small groups (usually 24) of 
minute, sharp, inconspicuous asperities, those of anterior group 
(usually 2) slightly larger, one-fourth of distance from anterior 
margin to base; surface partially concealed by numerous small re- 
cumbent scales, some of them cinnamon-brown, some cinereous, the 
latter forming a wide border at each side of disk, a narrow transverse 
band on posterior margin, and a median stripe, broad at posterior 
and anterior margins, and interrupted, or nearly so, midway; with 
cinnamon-brown scales elsewhere, extending to anterior margin; 
anterior margin with a dense fringe of longer, coarse, erect setae, 
shorter and nearly lacking in middle. 

Elytra 1.17 times as long as wide, wider than pronotum; sides 
straight and subparallel on anterior two-thirds, very broadly rounded 
behind, the apex broad and subtruncate; basal margins strongly ele- 
vated near suture, gradually becoming lower from suture to fifth 
interspace at each side; with distinct black crenulations, those near 
suture arranged in an approximate quarter circle, the lateral ones 
opposite the third and fourth interspaces, at each side and pro- 
gressively lower; striae rather narrow, first two deeper, but all dis- 
tinctly impressed, punctures moderately fine and close; interspaces 
convex but appearing flat in unabraded specimens, rugose, very 
finely punctured, with a few feebly developed granules on the disk; 
surface masked by small recumbent scales, part of them cinnamon- 
brown and others very light cinereous, the latter forming in the type 
specimen a broad stripe in the sixth and seventh interspaces, a broad 
transverse band just back of the middle, and a stripe involving most 
of the sutural interspaces from the fascia to the apex; each inter- 
space with a median row of short, suberect, brown, inconspicuous 
setae, which are slightly longer on the declivity; each elytron with 
a dense group of coarse, testaceous setae just posterior to the basal 
crenulations. Declivity steep, broadly, shallowly impressed, sub- 
suleate in the sutural region, with a few small, blunt granules in the 
third interspace above. 

Ventral surface sparsely clothed with nearly white, usually bifur- 
cate scales anterior to third abdominal segment, those on third and 
fourth segments mostly light brown, erect, and more numerous, many 
bifurcate; fifth segment finely and closely punctured, pubescence 
brown, erect. Foretibia (fig. 18, d) with 8 teeth on the outer margin. 

Male.—Similar in size and habitus to female; with antennal club 
(fig. 17, e) larger and more slender, more than 2.5 times as long as 


BEETLES OF THE GENUS RENOCIS—BLACKMAN 387 


wide; frontal hairs longer and frontal concavity apparently deeper ; 
last abdominal segment with setae parted in median line. 

This species ranges in size from 1.45 to 1.8 mm. long and differs con- 
siderably in color pattern owing to differences in the abundance 
and arrangement of the light scales. In a few specimens the elytral 
fascia is reduced and nearly absent, while in others it is broad and 
conspicuous. 

Type locality—Tucson, Ariz. 

Other localities—Arizona and Benson, Ariz. 

Hosts.—Greasewood [Covillea gentinosa (Engelmann) Rydberg], 
mesquite (Prosopis sp.). 

Type material—Holotype, allotype, and 39 paratypes, U.S.N.M. 
No. 52951. 

Remarks.—Holotype, allotype, and 30 paratypes are from grease- 
wood, Tucson, Ariz.; 6 paratypes from cut twigs of mesquite, Ben- 
son, Ariz., Mr. Chissman, Coll.; 3 paratypes from “twigs of mes- 
quite, Arizona, collection Wickham.” 


RENOCIS HETERODOXUS Casey 
Ficures 17, a, g, h; 18, e 


Renocis heterodorus Casry, California Acad. Sci: Bull. 6, pp. 257-259, 1886.— 
SwAInE, New York State Mus. Bull. 134, p. 144, 1909.—Brucx, Bull. South- 
ern California Acad. Sci., vol. 35, pt. 2, pp. 119-120, 1936. 

Type, a male.—Piceous-black, densely clothed with small scales, 
some dark brown and others cinereous in color, with brown or ashen, 
erect, spatulate setae; 1.8 mm. long, almost exactly twice as long 
as wide, 

Frons with epistomal margin bearing a fringe of coarse, cinereous, 
downwardly directed setae, with a short, sharp tooth in middle; 
transversely impressed just behind the epistoma and broadly longi- 
tudinally impressed in median area to a point above the eyes, forming 
a rather shallow, subtriangular concavity; sides slightly elevated; 
surface shining, finely, rather sparsely punctured in median con- 
cavity, more coarsely, densely, and roughly punctate-granulate at the 
sides and above, often with a large granule or tooth at each side at 
level of upper angles of eyes; clothed with moderately long, light- 
brown setae, scanty below, abundant, longer, and shaggy at sides 
and above, concealing the surface. Eye nearly 3.5 times as long as 
wide, finely granulate, with inner line sinuate. Antenna (fig. 17, 2) 
brown, funicle 5-jointed, longer than scape; club 2.26 times as long 
as wide, about as long as funicle and exposed part of scape together, 
with three nearly straight sutures marked by annuli and rows of setae, 
not septate. 

Pronotum 1.52 times as wide as long, widest near base, which is 
nearly straight, feebly procurved; sides strongly arcuate behind, 


388 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM von. 88 


strongly constricted in front of middle, with a transverse impression 
just behind the anterior margin, which is broadly rounded, slightly 
sinuate in median line; disk finely and densely punctate-granulate; 
with two small groups (2-4) of small, slender asperities at each side, 
one group just behind transverse impression, and behind this another 
group (usually only 2) of smaller ones; entire surface densely clothed 
with small recumbent scales, those at sides and on posterior third of 
disk light cinereous with a few brown ones intermixed, those on 
anterior median disk brown; a dense fringe of erect, brown scales (or 
short (spatulate setae) on the anterior margin. 

Elytra 1.29 times as long as wide, very slightly wider than pro- 
notum; sides straight and subparallel on basal two-thirds, semi- 
circularly rounded behind; basal margins very strongly elevated in 
scutellar region, becoming lower laterally and lacking lateral to 
fifth interspace, with 5 coarse, high serrations each side of suture; 
first and second striae moderately, the others more weakly impressed, 
punctures small, separated by less than their own diameters; inter- 
spaces feebly convex, rugose, very finely punctured, each with a 
median row of slightly coarser punctures, often accompanied by small 
granules, surface masked by numerous small recumbent scales, most 
of them brown, but nearly all those in first interspace and a few in 
other interspaces light cinereous, nearly white; with a single median 
row of erect, spatulate setae, usually brown, in each interspace; each 
elytron with a dense group of erect, brown setae just behind the 
erenate anterior margin. Declivity moderately sloping, with first 
and second interspaces broad and nearly flat, slightly depressed 
below level of third interspaces, which bears a few feeble granules. 

Ventral surface piceous-brown, sparsely clothed with divided scales, 
which are cinereous except on last three abdominal segments, where 
they are light brown, longer, erect, and for the most part entire, 
but some bifurcate. Foretibia narrow at base, dilated distally, 
with eight moderately slender teeth on outer margin. 

Female.—Similar to male but with frontal concavity shallower, 
frontal hairs shorter, antennal club slightly broader (fig. 17, g); 
pronotal asperities more strongly developed; pubescence on last 
abdominal sternite erect, not modified in median line. 

Remarks.—The foregoing description of the male was prepared 
almost entirely from the type, which was collected near Reno, Nev. 
For a number of details, however, recourse was had to other speci- 
mens because of the obscuring of certain structures of the type by 
dirt. All measurements were made from the type except those of 
the antennae. For these dissections of other specimens mounted in bal- 
sam were used, it being impossible to make accurate measurements of 
such small structures on entire specimens. 


BEETLES OF THE GENUS RENOCIS—BLACKMAN 389 


Both the males and females show some degree of variation. The 
size ranges from 1.5 to 2.4 mm. long. The color pattern varies con- 
siderably, being dependent upon differently colored scales and setae 
against the background of the actual body color and upon the 
relative abundance and arrangement of the differently colored scales. 
As is usually true in various species of Renocis, the pronotal asperi- 
ties or teeth are better developed in the female than in the male, 
but in each sex there is considerable variation. The type, a male, 
shows little indication of frontal tubercles, although the frontal 
hairs are partly abraded and if present the tubercles would be plainly 
seen. This seems to be true of most of the specimens of both sexes, 
although a few of each sex do show more or less feebly developed 
tubercles or large granules. Usually, however, these structures, unless 
exceptionally large, are well concealed by the frontal hairs. 

Type locality—Reno, Nev. 

Type.—Casey collection, U.S.N.M. No. 37439. 

Specimens studied by the writer include the type from Reno, Nev., 
specimens from Blacksmith Fork Canyon, Logan Canyon, Park City, 
and Dixie National Forest, Utah; Bray, Calif.; and Neil Creek and 
Ashland, Oreg. The recorded hosts are Amelanchier florida Lindley, 
Cercocarpus betuloides Nuttall, C. alnifolius Rydberg, C. ledifolius 
Nuttall, and Prunus virginiana melanocarpa (A. Nelson) Sargent. 


RENOCIS BRUNNEUS, new specie 
FIGuRES 17, i; 18, f 


Female.—Light reddish brown, clothed with cinnamon-brown and 
with light-cinereous scales; 1.7 to 2.17 mm. long.; holotype 2.1 mm. 
long, 1.96 times as long as wide. 

Frons with epistomal margin bearing a sharp point in median line, 
with a fringe of moderately coarse, yellowish setae covering two- 
thirds of the mandibles; arcuately, transversely impressed above the 
epistoma, the impression somewhat widened in median area to upper 
angle of eyes (not extending dorsally as far as in most species) ; 
surface reddish brown, shining, the concavity finely punctate, the 
sides and dorsum densely, finely granulate-punctate; with a feeble 
elevation (tubercle) at each side at level of upper angle of eye; 
surface of concavity partly concealed by moderately short, coarse, 
light-brown setae, that of the lateral and dorsal elevations almost 
entirely concealed by more numerous longer ones. Eye approxi- 
mately 3 times as long as wide, finely granulate, the inner line 
broadly, shallowly sinuate. Antenna with club (fig. 17, 7) 2.25 times 
as long as wide, as long as the remaining visible part of antenna, 
with three sutures marked by annuli and rows of setae. 


390 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM voL. 88 


Pronotum 1.6 times as wide as long, widest near base, which is 
broadly procurved medially; sides strongly arcuate on posterior 
two-thirds, then constricted and distinctly transversely impressed 
just behind the very broadly rounded front margin, which is sinuate 
(broadly and shallowly emarginate) in middle; surface shining, 
reddish brown, finely and closely granulate-punctate; at each side 
with two small groups of rather small asperities, about one-fourth 
and one-half of the distance from anterior margin, each group 
usually with three or four asperities, united in transverse line; with 
a few very low, weak asperities anteriorly in transverse impression; 
surface partly masked by numerous small, recumbent scales, those at 
sides and on posterior third consisting of many nearly white, cine- 
reous ones with a few cinnamon-brown ones intermixed, those 
on rest of disk mostly cinnamon-brown; anterior margin with a 
sparse border of moderately long, coarse, brown, erect setae, shorter 
in middle. 

Elytra 1.3 times as long as wide, slightly wider than pronotum; 
sides straight and subparallel on anterior two-thirds, broadly 
rounded behind; basal margins strongly elevated in median area, 
gradually becoming lower to fifth interspace on each elytron, with 
about 6 crenulations in a continuous line at each side; striae narrow, 
distinctly impressed, the first two deeper, punctures moderately 
small and close; interspaces convex, finely rugose-punctate, with a 
sparse median row of slightly larger punctures and a few feeble 
granules; surface rather sparsely clothed with small, recumbent 
scales, some of them a cinnamon-brown and some very light cinereous, 
the latter less numerous, intermixed with the darker scales in no 
definite pattern except for a narrow stripe in the sutural interspaces; 
each interspace with a median row of stout, erect, brown setae; each 
elytron with a dense group of brown setae just behind the basal 
margin. Declivity moderately steep, broadly, shallowly impressed 
in the sutural region, with a few fine low granules in the second and 
third interspaces, visible only in denuded specimens. 

Ventral surface reddish brown, shining, sparsely clothed with nearly 
white, recumbent, usually bifurcate scales except on the last three ab- 
dominal segments, those on last three segments mostly brown, mostly 
entire, erect. Foretibia (fig. 18, f) with 10 teeth on outer margin. 

Male.—Similar in size and habitus to female; antennal club more 
slender; frons similar to female except that the lateral hairs are 
longer and more abundant, and the frontal concavity is deeper; last 
abdominal segment with setae parted in median line. 

This species shows about the usual variation in size; the pronotal 
asperities vary in development; the greatest differences are in the 
relative abundance and distribution of the light and dark scales. 


BEETLES OF THE GENUS RENOCIS—BLACKMAN 391 


Type locality.—Cloudcroft, N. Mex. 

Host.—Unidentified shrub. 

Type material—Holotype, allotype, and 17 paratypes, U.S.N.M. 
No. 52952. 

Remarks.—Holotype, allotype, and 17 paratypes under Hopkins 
U. S. Nos. 3977 and 3988, collected from and bred from an “unknown 
shrub” at Cloudcroft, N. Mex., by W. F. Fiske. 


RENOCIS FUSCUS, new species 
Ficures 17, j; 18, 9 


Female-—Piceous-brown, clothed with scales varying from ciner- 
eous to fuscous; 1.88 mm. long, 1.9 times as long as wide. 

Frons with sharp median point on epistomal margin, with a dense 
fringe of yellowish-cinereous setae; transversely impressed above the 
epistoma, with impression widened dorsally to form a concavity ; 
sides and vertex convex; surface black, shining, finely and densely 
punctate, with fine granules at sides and above; surface partly con- 
cealed by coarse, rather long, light-brown setae, more abundant and 
longer at the sides and above. Eye more than 3 times as long as 
wide, finely granulate; inner margin feebly sinuate. Antenna with 
club (fig. 17, j) subacuminate at tip; 2.5 times as long as wide; with 
3 straight, annulate-setigerous sutures. 

Pronotum 1.6 times as wide as long, widest one-third of distance 
from base, which is feebly procurved; sides strongly arcuate behind, 
strongly constricted before middle; front margin broadly rounded, 
sinuate in middle; with a sparse fringe of erect, spatulate, fulvous 
setae, shorter in middle, with a transverse impression just back of 
anterior margin; surface piceous, shining, rather closely, finely punc- 
tate, finely granulate; at each side two groups (2 or 3 in each) 
of very small asperities; surface nearly concealed by numerous, small, 
recumbent scales, arranged as a broad band at the base and at sides, 
made up largely of broad and narrow cinereous scales intermixed, 
and on anterior two-thirds of disk small, broad, fulvous scales. 

Elytra 1.25 times as long as wide, wider than pronotum; sides 
straight and subparallel on anterior two-thirds, broadly rounded be- 
hind; basal margin strongly elevated from suture to sixth interspace, 
with six or seven crenulations at each side, forming a continuous 
line; striae moderately narrow, distinctly impressed, punctures fine 
and close; interspaces broad, fiat, surface shining, finely punctate, 
with a median row of slightly coarser punctures, rather sparsely 
clothed with numerous small, rather slender, recumbent, fuscous 
scales; in the median line of each interspace a row of erect spatulate 
setae, appearing cinereous in certain lights and fuscous brown in 
other lights; each elytron with a group of coarse, erect, fuscous setae 


392 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 88 


just behind the anterior crenulate margin. Declivity evenly arched, 
not sulcate, but with first and second striae more deeply impressed, 
the interspaces weakly convex. 

Ventral surface dark reddish brown, shining, sparcely clothed with 
nearly white, bifurcate, recumbent scales, except on the last three 
abdominal segments, which have erect, fulvous setae. Foretibia 
(fig. 18, g) with eight rather long, slender teeth on outer margin. 

Type locality —Williams, Ariz. 

Host.—Cowania mexicana D. Don. 

Type material_—Holotype and one paratype, U.S.N.M. No. 52953. 

Remarks.—Holotype and one paratype taken from Cowania 
mexicana at Williams, Ariz., by Schwarz and Barber. These two 
specimens were associated with numerous specimens of Renocis 
commixtus, new species. 


RENOCIS COMMIXTUS, new species 
Ficures 17, k, 1; 18, h, + 


Female——Brown to piceous, clothed with intermixed brown and 
ashy-white scales and setae; 1.6 to 2.2 mm. long; holotype 2.0 mm. 
long, almost exactly twice as long as wide. 

Frons with a short sharp point in median line of epistomal margin, 
with a dense fringe of rather long, coarse, yellowish hair; trans- 
versely impressed above the epistoma, with this impression much 
widened in the median area forming an approximately triangular 
concavity, with the sides elevated and granulate-punctate; surface 
shining, concavity finely, not closely punctured, scantily covered by 
coarse, moderately long, fulvous hairs, which are much more abun- 
dant and conceal the surface at the sides and above. Eye finely 
granulate, 3.3 times as long as wide, the anterior margin distinctly 
sinuate. Antenna (fig. 17, 7) with the club 2.4 times as long as 
wide, as long as funiculus and visible part of scape together, with 
three nearly straight setigerous-annulate sutures. 

Pronotum 1.5 times as wide as long, widest near the base, which is 
procurved; the sides strongly arcuate on the posterior two-thirds, 
strongly constricted in front of middle, with a moderate transverse 
impression behind anterior margin, which is broadly rounded, very 
feebly or not at all sinuate in middle; surface shining, finely and 
densely granulate-punctate, with three small groups of small sharp 
asperities on each side, one group just behind anterior margin, one 
behind the transverse impression, and a third group two-fifths of 
distance between second group and posterior pronotal border, surface 
clothed with small recumbent scales, those on the anterior part of 
disk brown, those on sides and on posterior part of disk a variable 
mixture of brown and nearly white scales; anterior pronotal margin 


BEETLES OF THE GENUS RENOCIS—-BLACKMAN 393 


with a dense fringe of longer, erect, brown, spatulate setae, shorter 
in the median line and much longer at each side. 

Elytra 1.4 times as long as wide, slightly wider than pronotum; 
sides straight and subparallel on basal two-thirds, moderately 
broadly rounded behind (more narrowly than in heterodocus) ; basal 
margins strongly elevated in scutellar region, gradually becoming 
lower from suture to fifth interspace on each elytron, usually with 6 
rounded serrations at each side, in a continuous line; striae narrow, 
impressed, the first more strongly than the others, punctures small and 
close; interspaces feebly convex, rugose, very finely punctured, each 
with a median row of larger punctures often accompanying small 
blunt granules; surface masked by small recumbent scales (not so 
numerous as in heterodowus), most of these in type, brown except for 
a light-colored median stripe in sutural interspaces, while the third, 
fifth, and seventh interspaces contain many light-cinereous scales in 
their anterior thirds (some specimens have throughout a “pepper- 
and-salt” mixture of dark and light scales) ; each interspace with a 
median row of erect, rather short, coarse setae, most of them brown 
but a few pale; each elytron with a dense group of coarse, dark-brown 
setae just behind the elevated anterior margin. Declivity steeper 
than in heterodoxus, the first striae impressed but first and second 
interspaces normal, feebly convex. 

Ventral pubescence light cinerous except on last 3 abdominal seg- 
ments, most of scales bifurcate or trifurcate; 3 posterior abdominal 
segments with entire, coarse, brown, suberect setae ; last segment with 
erect setae, with posterior margin but little narrower in middle. 
Foretibia (fig. 18, 2,7) with 9-11 teeth on outer margin. 

Male.—Similar in habitus to female, with the antennal club (fig. 
17, &) slightly longer and more slender; frons more strongly concave ; 
pronotal asperities more feebly developed; last abdominal sternite 
with posterior rim very feebly emarginate and the setae parted in the 
median line. 

This species shows a considerable range of variation in size (1.6 to 
2.2 mm. long), in arrangement of the light and dark scales and setae, 
and in sculpture, the pronotal asperities especially varying both in 
number and in coarseness. 

Type locality —Williams, Ariz. 

Additional localities —Colorado Springs and North Cheyenne 
Canyon, Colo. 

Host.—Cowania mexicana D. Don. 

Additional hosts—Prunus americana Marshall, apple, wild 
currant. 

Type material.—Holotype, allotype, and 162 paratypes, U.S.N.M. 
No. 52954. 


394 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88 i 


Remarks.—Holotype, allotype, and 146 paratypes were collected 
and bred from twigs of Cowania mexicana at Williams, Ariz., by 
Barber and Schwartz. Sixteen paratypes are from Colorado Springs | 
and Cheyenne Canyon, Colo., bred from Prunus americana or col- 
lected on wild currant and apple by B. T. Harvey. 


RENOCIS BRITTAINI (Swaine), new combination 


Pseudocryphalus brittaini Swatne, Canada Dept. Agr., Ent. Branch, Bull. 14, pt. 1, i 
p. 20, 1917; pt. 2, p. 57, 1918.— Bruck, Bull. Southern California Acad. Sci, . 
vol. 35, pt. 1, p. 35; pt. 2, p. 121, 1936. (Genotype of Pseudocryphalue | 
Swaine.) 

“Length, 1.9 mm.; stout, black, with brown and gray scales; the: 
front plano-concave, with a strong transversely arcuate impression | 
behind the epistoma, the middle line impressed, clothed with stout: 
pubescence, becoming long, dense and pale on the epistomal margin, | 
with a rather coarse rate behind the impression on each side thei 
middle line; the eyes long, narrow, extending upon the ventral surface. | 

“The pronotum twice as wide as long; the sides very strongly | 
rounded behind and very strongly constricted in front; the front mar- | 
gin broadly emarginate at the middle; very densely subgranulately) 
punctured, clothed with brown and grey, very stout pubescence, the: 
grey predominating on the sides and behind; the cephalic margin’ 
unarmed or nearly so, somewhat elevated, ie pale fine pubescent 
and brown, elongate, elevated scales; with three pairs of elongate! 
recurved ieee: in a longitudinal row on the middle of each side. 
in front, the nee pair on the front margin. 

“The eee as wide as the pronotum, slightly less than one-half | 
longer than wide, the basal margin very strongly elevated, recurved 
and coarsely serrate in the scutellar region; the sides subparallel on 
the basal half, broadly rounded behind; the striae distinctly, rather! 
strongly impressed, the strial punctures rather coarse, not close, deep: 
and distinct, bearing very minute setae; the interspaces feebly convex, 
minutely punctured, and with a median row of granules, bearing very 
small, elongate scales which hardly cover the surface, and a median’ 
row ae longer, erect, very stout bristles; the pubescence brown, with 
numerous scattered hie scales, more apna toward the fae and 
forming a narrow band along the suture; the first two abdominal 
sternites subequal in length, each longer than the next two united. 

“Salmon Arm, B. C.; apple trees, in dying bark.” 

The above is Swaine’s original description quoted verbatim. No 
specimen of the species has been seen by the writer. | 

Types in Canadian National Collection, Ottawa, Canada. 


BEETLES OF THE GENUS RENOCIS—BLACKMAN 395 


RENOCIS CRIDDLEI (Swaine), new combination 


Pseudocryphalus criddlei SwAInE, Canada Dept. Agr., Ent. Branch, Bull. 14, pt. 
1, p. 21, 1917; pt. 2, p. 58, 1918. 

“This species is very closely allied to brittaini; with the same size, 
form, and colour; but it is apparently distinct through the very 
feebly impressed elytral striae, and the small, very closely placed 
strial punctures. 

“Series of 108 specimens from Aweme, Man., Prunus virgimana; 
collected by Mr. Norman Criddle.” 

Swaine’s original description is quoted verbatim. The writer has 
seen no specimen of this species. 

Type and paratypes are in the Canadian National Collection, 
Ottawa, Canada. 

RENOCIS PENICILLATUS Bruck 


Ficures 17, m; 18, j 


Renocis penicillatus Bruck, Can. Ent., vol. 65, p. 239, 1933; Bull. Southern 
California Acad. Sci., vol. 35, pt. 2, p. 120, 1936. 

Female.—Piceous with cinereous scales and hairs; with two pencils 
of long setae just behind front margin of pronotum ; 1.14 to 1.6 mm. 
long, about 1.8 times as long as wide. 

Frons with a median point on epistomal margin; with a fringe of 
nearly white setae covering basal halves of mandibles; nearly flat, 
feebly impressed just above epistoma and in median line; surface 
piceous, shining, finely and closely punctate-granulate; clothed with 
coarse, moderately long, testaceous setae, slightly longer at sides and 
above. Eye slightly more than 3 times as long as wide, finely granu- 
late, inner margin sinuate. Antenna (fig. 17, m) with club not 
much longer than funicle, slightly more than twice as long as wide, 
with distal end subacute, with three nearly straight annulate-setiger- 
ous sutures. 

Pronotum 1.57 times as wide as long, widest near base, which is 
very broadly, rather deeply emarginate in median half; sides strongly 
arcuate posteriorly, strongly narrowed in anterior half; transversely 
impressed just behind anterior margin, which is broadly rounded, 
sinuate in median area; surface piceous, shining, very finely granu- 
late-punctate, with less numerous, coarser, but still fine punctures in- 
terspersed ; at each side with three groups of high, rather slender asper- 
ities or teeth, each group consisting of 2 or 3 teeth, posterior group just 
behind middle, second group just behind transverse impression, an- 
terior group, smaller and occasionally lacking, on anterior margin; 
surface clothed with small cinereous scales, consisting of numerous 
narrow, recumbent ones, and less numerous (from coarser punctures), 
broad, suberect, cinereous scales; with a group of long cinereous hairs 
each side of median line, just behind anterior margin. 


396 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 88 


Elytra about 1.4 times as long as wide, slightly wider than prono- 
tum, with sides straight and subparallel on anterior two-thirds, 
moderately broadly rounded behind, basal margin strongly elevated 
in scutellar region, including the fourth interspace at each side, with 
four or five serrations or crenulations on each elytral margin, not 
forming a continuous line; striae impressed, the first more deeply, 
nearly as wide as interspaces, punctures close and of moderate size; 
interspaces moderately convex, finely rugose punctate, each with a 
few feeble granules accompanying a median row of slightly coarser 
punctures, clothed with narrow recumbent scales, prevailingly cinere- 
ous on the sutural interspaces and on the basal third, somewhat 
fulvous on the posterior disk and declivity; each interspace with a 
median row of erect, spatulate, fulvous setae; each elytron with a 
group of coarse, fulvous setae behind the crenulate anterior margins. 
Declivity rounded, unmodified, first striae impressed as on disk. 

Ventral surface piceous-brown, shining, thinly clothed with nearly 
white, usually bifurcate, recumbent scales, which on the last three 
abdominal segments are more nearly erect and are mixed with 
fulvous setae. Foretibia (fig. 18, 7) not so strongly widened distally 
as in most other species, with 6 long, slender teeth on outer margin. 

Male.—Similar in size and habitus to female; with frons deeply 
concave and bordered on sides and above by numerous long setae; 
pronotum with posterior and anterior groups of asperities smaller 
than in female, sometimes lacking; with the tufts of hairs near 
anterior margin much longer, penicillate; setae on venter of last 
abdominal segment parted in median line. 

Location of type material—Holotype, allotype, and 25 paratypes 
in collection of C. R. Bruck. Paratypes: California Academy of 
Sciences, San Francisco; Canadian National Collection, Ottawa, 
Canada; collection of A. T. McClay. 

Remarks.—This is a rather widely spread species and apparently 
is not confined to one host. Renocis penicillatus was described from 
material obtained from Rhus integrifolia and R. ovata in southern 
California. The writer has studied four specimens from Bruck’s 
series, one obtained through the kindness of Dr. W. Dwight Pierce 
of the Los Angeles Museum and three specimens kindly lent by 
Prof. J. N. Knull from his own collection. These specimens are 
identical in all essential respects with more than 50 specimens in 
the National Museum from Arizona, Utah, and Colorado, collected 
by Hubbard and Schwarz, Hopkins, Webb, Wickham, and Harvey, 
and four specimens collected from Rhus ovata at Ensenada, Lower 
California, by F. P. Keen. Only in the last case is the host cited 
specifically, but in the Hopkins series from Flagstaff, Ariz., it is de- 
scribed as a “shrub resembling currant,” probably Rides sp. 


BEETLES OF THE GENUS RENOCIS—BLACKMAN 397 


RENOCIS MEXICANUS, new species 
Figures 17, n; 18, k 


Female.—Black, clothed with piceous-brown scales forming a varie- 
gated color pattern with light cinereous, nearly white scales; 1.31 
to 1.88 mm. long; holotype 1.72 mm. long, 2.0 times as long as wide. 

Frons with a sharp median point on epistomal margin, and with 
a dense fringe of moderately fine, yellow-cinereous setae extending 
halfway to tips of mandibles; transversely impressed above epistoma, 
with center of frons flattened, feebly concave, sides and vertex con- 
vex; surface black, feebly shining, very finely and densely granulate- 
punctate; surface mostly concealed by coarse, rather short, fuscous 
setae, only slightly longer at sides and above. Eye finely granulate, 
about 3.3 times as long as wide, the inner line broadly and shallowly 
emarginate. Antenna (fig. 17, ») with club very large, longer than 
the scape and funicle combined, 2.19 times as long as wide, with three 
nearly straight sutures, both annuli and setae reduced in median line 
of outer face of club. 

Pronotum 1.47 times as wide as long, widest near base, which is 
broadly procurved; sides strongly arcuate, nearly evenly narrowed 
anteriorly with front margin very broadly rounded, feebly sinuate in 
middle, with a very feeble, transverse impression just back of the 
margin; surface piceous, feebly shining, finely and densely granu- 
late-punctate; at each side with two very inconspicuous groups of 
several slightly coarser granules (not sharp asperities as in other 
species of FRenocis), almost entirely concealed except in abraded 
specimens; surface largely concealed by numerous scales, some of 
them narrow, recumbent ones and some wide and semierect, mostly 
piceous except for a transverse, basal band and a lateral border of 
light-cinereous scales; anterior margin with a sparse fringe of erect, 
dark brown, spatulate setae, interrupted in the middle. 

Elytra 1.48 times as long as wide, slightly wider than pronotum; 
sides straight and subparallel on anterior two-thirds, rather narrowly 
rounded behind; basal margin strongly elevated from suture to 
opposite sixth interspace, with 8 distinct teeth in a continuous line 
on margin of each elytron, and with a second row of four coarse 
teeth, two at each side of suture, just behind margin; striae, except 
first, rather feebly impressed, punctures moderate in size, close; inter- 
spaces wider than striae, feebly convex, rugose, finely punctate, with 
a few small granules; surface partly concealed by small recumbent 
scales, most of them piceous, but with a narrow stripe of light- 
cinereous scales in anterior half of sutural interspaces and continued 
posteriorly as a single row of light scales next to suture, at each side 
an irregular spot of light scales in anterior half of fifth to seventh 
interspaces; in median line of each interspace a row of very broad, 


398 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88 


flat, erect setae or scales, short on anterior disk, but becoming larger 
posteriorly; each elytron with a dense group of coarse, piceous-brown 
setae behind the anterior margin. Declivity evenly arched, not sulcate ; 
first striae more strongly impressed, as on disk; punctures finer. 

Ventral surface shining, piceous; clothed with nearly white, usually 
bifurcate, recumbent scales anterior to third abdominal segment, last 
three segments with erect, fuscous scales except at the sides of the 
third. Foretibia (fig. 18, %) with eight occasionally nine) rather 
short, stout teeth on outer margin. 

Male.—Similar in size and habitus to female, but with the frons 
strongly concave and with longer hairs at sides and above; antennal 
club larger and more slender, 2.28 times as long as wide; last abdom- 
inal segment slightly shorter, with the setae parted in median line, 

In this species the chief variations are in the size and in the color 
pattern formed by the light and the dark-colored scales. 

Type locality —Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. 

Other locality.—Mexico. 

Host.—E ysenhardtia sp. 

Type material—Holotype, allotype, and 136 paratypes, U.S.N.M. 
No. 52955. 

Remarks.—The type, allotype, and 11 paratypes are from Guad- 
alajara, Mexico, intercepted at quarantine, Nogales, Ariz., in packing 
crates made of Hysenhardtia sp. (wood determined by Prof. S. J. 
Record) ; 48 paratypes from Hysenhardtia sp. (determined by W. N. 
Watkins), Mexico, September 11 and 24, 1936; 77 other paratypes 
were intercepted at quarantine from Mexico, but there are no data 
either as to host or locality of origin. 


RENOCIS BRAZILIENSIS, new species 
Ficures 17, 0; 18, 1, m. 


Female.—Reddish brown, clothed with light-cinereous, nearly 
white scales and setae; 1.31 to 1.63 mm. long; holotype 1.48 mm. long, 
1.7 times as long as wide. 

Frons with a very small median point on epistomal margin, with 
fringe of rather fine, yellow-cinereous setae extending halfway to 
tips of mandibles; arcuately, transversely impressed above epistoma, 
with center of frons flat, sides and vertex rounded; surface reddish 
brown, moderately shining, finely, densely granulate-punctate; sur- 
face partly concealed by rather short, stout, cinereous setae, only 
slightly longer at the sides and above. Eye about 3.5 times as long 
as wide, finely granulate, inner margin sinuate, subemarginate. 
Antenna (fig. 17, 0) with club broad-oval, 1.58 times as long as wide, 
with three nearly straight, annulate-setigerous sutures, the funicle 
attached dorsad of its axis. 


BEETLES OF THE GENUS RENOCIS—BLACKMAN 399 


Pronotum 1.6 times as wide as long, widest near base, which is 
very broadly emarginate in median half; sides strongly arcuate 
behind, constricted anteriorly; front margin very broadly rounded, 
feebly sinuate in median area; with a weak transverse impression 
just behind margin, which bears a sparse fringe of erect, spatulate, 
cinereous setae, slightly shorter in median area; surface reddish 
brown, shining, finely punctate, reticulate-granulate; at each side 
with two groups of fine, sharp asperities (3 or 4 in each group), one 
group on anterior third, the other on posterior half of disk; surface 
rather sparsely clothed with numerous, small, recumbent, cinereous 
scales, varying from narrow to broad; with a few erect setae in 
median line near base. 

Elytra 1.22 times as long as wide, very slightly wider than pro- 
notum; sides straight and subparallel on anterior two-thirds, very 
broadly rounded behind; basal margin strongly elevated between the 
sixth interspaces, with a continuous, somewhat bisinuate line of 
teeth, 7 or 8 on each elytron, and with a smaller tooth just behind 
margin in each sutural] interspace; striae distinctly impressed, about 
one-half as wide as interspaces, punctures close, moderate in size; 
interspaces weakly convex, finely rugose-punctate with a few feeble 
granules, punctures in median line of each interspace slightly larger ; 
surface reddish brown, shining, partly concealed by rather numerous 
small, recumbent, yellowish-cinereous scales, most of them rather 
wide, but those on inner margin of each sutural interspace narrow 
and hairlike; each interspace with a median row of longer, erect, 
concolorous scales, or short, wide setae, becoming slightly longer be- 
hind. Declivity evenly arched, not sulcate, with interspaces slightly 
narrowed. 

Ventral surface reddish brown, shining, clothed with yellowish- 
cinereous, recumbent scales, usually bifurcate; last abdominal seg- 
ment with erect, yellowish-cinereous setae. Foretibia (fig. 18, /) 
with seven stout teeth on outer margin. 

Male.—Similar in size and general habitus to female, but with the 
frons strongly concave for entire width, with much longer setae at 
sides and above; antennal club larger, about 1.8 times as long as wide; 
pronotum with setae on anterior margin longer, and with asperities 
greatly reduced or even lacking; teeth on foretibia usually nine in 
number (fig. 18, ™). 

Type locality.—Ceara, Brazil. 

Host.—Unknown. 

Type material—Holotype, allotype, and 19 paratypes, U.S.N.M. 
No. 52956. 

Received from D. da Rocha, Ceara, Brazil. 


400 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88 


RENOCIS INSULARIS, new species 
FIGURES 17, p; 18, n 


Female.—Light reddish brown, with cinereous and fulvous scales; 
1.46 mm. long, 1.82 times as long as wide. 

Frons with epistomal margin scarcely toothed in median line, 
fringed with fine yellow-cinereous setae, covering basal halves of 
mandibles; very feebly transversely impressed above epistoma, frons 
convex, only slightly flattened on disk; surface subopaque, reddish 
brown, finely granulate- “punctate; sur face partly concealed by rather 
short, stout, recumbent, cinereous setae directed dorso-mesad. Eye 3 
times as long as wide, aely granulate; the inner line broadly, shal- 
lowly emarginate. Antenna (fig. 17, ») with club broad-oval, 1.83. 
times as long as wide; with three annulate-setigerous sutures, first: 
nearly straight, second and third rather weakly procurved. 

Pronotum 1.61 times as wide as long, widest near base, which is 
very broadly, shallowly emarginate in median half; sides behind 
strongly arcuate, constricted anteriorly; scarcely at all impressed 
behind the broadly rounded front margin, which is very feebly 
sinuate in median area, and bearing a sparse fringe of erect, spatu- 
late, fulvous setae, only slightly shorter in median area; surface 
reddish brown, feebly shining, finely punctate, reticulate-granulate; 
at each side with two transverse rows of small, sharp asperities (4-6 
each row), each bordered posteriorly by a single row of erect, yellow- 
cinereous scales; surface partly concealed by numerous small, re- 
cumbent scales, fulvous on anterior disk and nearly white on sides 
and on a narrow band behind; with a few erect setae in median line 
near base. 

Elytra 1.26 times as long as wide, scarcely wider than pronotum; 
sides straight and subparallel on anterior two-thirds, moderately 
broadly rounded behind; basal margins moderately strongly elevated 
from suture to fifth interspace on each elytron, with eight crenula- 
tions on each in a continuous line; striae impressed, less than half 
as wide as interspaces, punctures close, of moderate size; interspaces 
appearing nearly flat, finely rugose-punctate, with a few weak gran- 
ules, median row of punctures slightly larger; surface reddish brown, 
shining, partly concealed by numerous scales, recumbent anteriorly 
on disk, suberect behind, with a median row of erect scales or short 
setae in each interspace; scales cinereous and fulvous intermixed, 
with a single row of nearly white cinereous scales next to suture in 
each sutural interspace. Declivity evenly arched, not sulcate, striae 
equally impressed, interspaces slightly narrowed and scales erect or 
suberect. 

Ventral surface reddish brown, feebly shining, thinly clothed with 
nearly white, recumbent, usually bifurcate scales, with some of scales 


BEETLES OF THE GENUS RENOCIS—BLACKMAN 401 


replaced by erect, coarse setae on last three abdominal segments. 
Fore tibia (fig. 18, ») with outer margin armed with four short, 
very stout, blunt teeth. 

Male.—Similar in size and habitus, but with the frons distinctly 
concave from eye to eye, with longer and more abundant setae at 
sides and above; pronotum with asperities nearly lacking. 

Type locality. Key West, Fla. 

Additional locality—Cayamas, Cuba. 

fHost—Unknown. 

Type material—trType, allotype, and 2 paratypes, U.S.N.M. No. 
52957. 

Remarks.—Holotype, allotype, and 1 female paratype from Key 
West, Fla., collection of Hubbard and Schwarz; 1 female paratype. 
Cayamas, Cuba, E. A. Schwarz, collector. 


U.S GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1940 


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PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


issued by the 


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SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION 
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Vol. 88 Washington: 1940 No. 3085: 


TWO NEW GENERA AND THREE NEW SPECIES OF 
CHEILODIPTERID FISHES, WITH NOTES ON 
THE OTHER GENERA OF THE FAMILY 


By Leonarp P. Scuutrz? 


In studying the new forms of cheilodipterid fishes described in this 
paper some difficulty was experienced in deciding to which genera they 
should be referred. An examination of the literature and the cheilo- 
dipterid material in the National Museum suggested that the genera in 
this family were in great need of comparison. Therefore I have pre- 
pared a tentative key to the genera of the family Cheilodipteridae with 
the hope that other investigators will improve upon it as their avail- 
able material is studied. As a result probably some of the genera I 
have placed in synonymy will be removed. 

Certain ichthyologists have proposed new generic names in this 
group of fishes founded on characters that may not be of even specific 
significance, such as “a much larger, red, marine European species 
with considerably larger scales, longer maxillary, and differently 
formed head bones generally.”? I refer here to such features as color 
spots, streaks, and lateral bands; number of soft rays in dorsal and 
anal fins; number of scale rows (especially in regard to the forms 


1] wish to thank Dr. G. S. Myers, of Stanford University, for information concerning 
the type of Galeagra pammelas; Dr. F. P. Koumans, Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, 
Leiden, for a description of the teeth of the type of Pseudamia polystigma; Dr. K. H. 
Barnard, South African Museum, for information on Parahynnodus and a sketch of the 
teeth of Neoscombrops annectens ; Dr. P. Chabanaud, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 
Paris, for sketches of the teeth of the types of Cheilodipterus lineatus and C. quinquelinea- 
tus; Dr. S. L. Hora, Indian Museum, Calcutta, for much needed data on the type of 
Brephostoma carpenteri. Through exchanges with J. R. Norman, of the British Museum, I 
have been able to examine paratypes of Gymnapogon japonicus and Synagrops microlepis. 

2 Whitley, Gilbert P., Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan No. 405, pp. 1-4, pl. 1, 1959. 


193255—40 1 403 


404 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you, 88 


referred to Apogon); length of fin rays or presence of filamentous 
rays; emargination of caudal fin. Probably some of these characters 
are useful for generic diagnoses if used in conjunction with other fea- 
tures. The presence or absence of palatine teeth and the union of the 
first and second dorsal or the extent of the space between these fins 
appear to be highly variable, just as is the completeness or incomplete- 
ness of the lateral line. In my opinion these variable characters, — 
among others, should not be relied upon as of generic significance 
until their constancy has been determined for each species in any 
natural group. 


KEY TO THE GENERA OF CHEILODIPTERIDAE 


la. Vent closer to base of pelvics than origin of anal fin. 
2a. Anal rays III, 7 or 8; spines in first dorsal VII to IX; a pair of enlarged 
symphyseal canines inside front edge or margin of premaxillaries; small 
canines along front margin of premaxillaries, followed by a wide band 
of villiform teeth posteriorly ; sides of lower jaw with canines and with 
1 or 2 pairs of enlarged canines near symphysis (fig. 19, @). 
Acropoma Temminck and Schlegel, 1842 
2b. Anal rays II, 8; dorsal rays VI, I, 8 or 9; no symphyseal canines in either 
jaw; smail canines widely spaced on sides of upper and lower jaws; 
posterior half of upper jaw with a band of villiform teeth (fig. 19, f) ; no 
palatine teeth; vomer with teeth; peritoneum silvery ; maxillary extend- 
ing past rear margin of pupil______ Desmoamia Fowler and Bean, 1930 
1b. Vent closer to origin of anal fin than base of pelvics. 
sa. Anal spines IT. 
4a. No eanines in jaws even at symphysis; if teeth are present they are 
villiform and in narrow to wide bands (fig. 19, h, i). 
5a. A thick silvery gland with black upper surface on each side of 
base of tongue from which a broad silvery canal extends backward 
on each side of isthmus to breast, then expands over base of 
pectoral and covers lower portion of abdomen, thence runs back- 
ward above base of anal fin to near base of caudal fin rays; 
first dorsal VI or VII; anal II, scales ecycloid; lateral line 
complete or incomplete_--_-_-____-_--_-_-__ Siphamia Weber, 1909 
5b. No silvery gland as above. 
6a. Anal rays II, 9; teeth if present villiform in one or two irregular 
rows on jaws (fig. 19, h); operculum with 2 flat spines; pre- 
operculum without double edge, the lower posterior angle much 
preduced and rounded; scale rows crossing lateral line about 
36 to 60; anus in front of origin of anal fin a distance equal 
to or greater than diameter of pupil. 
Epigonus Rafinesque, 1810 
6b. Anal rays II, 7 to 13; teeth villiform in wide band on premaxillary 
and a narrow to wide band on dentary (fig. 19, 7) ; operculum 
with 2 flat spines; preoperculum with double edge, posterior 
one not produced but with contour similar to that of anterior 
edge; scale rows crossing lateral line fewer than 50; caudal fin 
emarginate or rounded; lateral line complete or incomplete; 
anus just in front of origin of anal fin or as far distant as 
diameter of pupils 2o24 eas eee eee Apogon Lacépéde, 1802 


CHEILODIPTERID FISHES—SCHULTZ 405 


6c. Anal rays Ii, 18 to 17; teeth in lower jaw short, conical, hooked 
inward, and arranged in 1 irregular row posteriorly on dentary 
and in 2 such rows anteriorly, outer row smaller than inner; 
1 or 2 irregular rows of short, conical teeth in anterior part of 
upper jaw, followed by a wide band of villiform teeth poste- 
riorly; operculum with 2 very weak spines; preoperculum with 
double edge, the posterior edge strongly serrated at angle and 
ventrally ; scale rows crossing lateral line about 23 to 28; anus 
just in front of origin of anal fin or as far distant as diameter 
OF Ups AEA 2 A Se Archamia Gill, 1863 
Gd. Anal rays II, 8 or 9; teeth small, equal, and pointed, uniserial in 
jaws; operculum with 3 or 4 short spines dorsally at rear edge 
near flap; preoperculum with double edge, lower angle pro- 
duced ; spines in first dorsal VII or VIII; vent closer to origin 
of anal than base of pelvics___________ Oxyodon Brauer, 1906 
4b. Canines present in jaws. 
7a. Anal rays II, 25; dorsal V or VI, I, 15 to 19; scales about 70; 
a single series of canine teeth in lower jaw, some of which 
are enlarged posteriorly; 2 pairs of enlarged canines at sym- 
physis just inside marginal row of teeth at front of upper 
jaw ; Sides of upper jaw with very small canines along margin, 
inside of which is a narrow band of villiform teeth (fig. 19, d) ; 
preoperculum without double edge; maxillary not reaching 
to under front of eye_-------_- Dinolestes Klunzinger, 1872 
7b. Anal soft rays fewer than 20; teeth not as above; maxillary 
reaching to at least under front of eye. 
Sa. Lateral line complete and not interrupted. 
9a. Spines in first dorsal VI; scales fewer than 35; vent 
closer to origin of anal than base of pelvics; preoper- 
culum with double edge, posterior margin near lower 
angle not produced. 
10a. Tip of lower jaw with a few enlarged canines. 
lila. No band of villiform teeth in lower jaw; lower jaw 
with a single series of large conical teeth, a few of 
which are enlarged canines widely spaced on sides 
of jaw and between which are small conical teeth 
in an irregular row; a pair or two of enlarged 
canines occur at symphysis of lower jaw; canine 
teeth in upper jaw in a group each side of a small 
toothless space at symphysis, no villiform teeth at 
tip of upper jaw, but following the canines occurs 
a wide band posteriorly (fig. 20, a). 
Cheilodipterus Lacépéde, 1802 
11b. Villiform teeth in lower jaw in a band along sides but 
none at symphysis; lower jaw with 3 or 4 enlarged 
canines along midsides between which are villiform 
teeth; tip of lower jaw with about 3 pairs of en- 
larged canines; canine teeth in upper jaw located 
each side of symphysis in 2 or 8 pairs, anterior to 
which is a pair of patches of villiform teeth with a 
toothless space between; sides of upper jaw with a 
band of villiform teeth (fig. 20, Dd). 
Cheilodipterops, new genus 


406 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM von, 88 


10b. No canines at tip of lower jaw, but 3 to 6 pairs of en- 
larged canines located along midsides, tip of lower 
jaw with villiform teeth, this band extending along 
dentary; tip of upper jaw with a pair of patches of 
villiform teeth at symphysis, between which is a small 
toothless space; at sides of tip of upper jaw are 2 or 3 
pairs of enlarged canines followed posteriorly by a 
band of villiform teeth (fig. 20, c). 
Jadamga, new genus 
9b. Spines in first dorsal IX, seldom VIII. 
12a. Symphyseal canines at front margin of upper and 
lower jaws, behind canines at tips of upper jaw 
occurs a wide band of villiform teeth; lower jaw 
with a marginal series of enlarged canines inside 
of which is a narrow band of villiform teeth; 
each side of tip of lower jaw is a concave area 
with villiform teeth only (fig. 19, e) ; scales about 
25 to 40; anal II, 7; caudal emarginate; pre- 
opercle with double edge, the lower angle not 
produced; maxillary reaching to about under 
middle of eye_---__-___ Synagrops Giinther, 1887 
12b. No symphyseal canines in lower jaw; 1 or 2 pairs 
of symphyseal canines just posterior to the margi- 
nal series at front of upper jaw (fig. 19, c); 
large conical teeth, widely spaced in a single series 
on both jaws; no villiform teeth present; anal II, 
dorsal VIII; scales about 63. 
Telescopias Jordan and Snyder, 1901 
8b. Lateral line incomplete or interrupted. 
18a. Scales small, cycloid, anal II, 8; dorsal VI-I, 
8 or 9; caudal rounded ; symphyseal canines on 
upper and lower jaws; a band of villiform teeth 
on upper jaw, narrow laterally; in lower jaw 
a band of villiform teeth in front, laterally very 
narrow, with 2 Jarge canines, followed by 2 
smaller ones, all widely spaced, followed by a 
row of enlarged teeth closer together. 
Pseudamia Bleeker, 1865 
13b. Body scaleless; anal II, 9 or 10; dorsal VI-I, 10 
or 11; caudal a little rounded; no symphyseal 
canines; a very narrow band of villiform teeth 
laterally on upper jaw (fig. 20, e) ; no teeth at 
Symphysis of upper jaw, but at each side of 
this small toothless area are 4 canine teeth 
followed by the villiform band; symphysis of 
lower jaw with a small patch of villiform teeth, 
then on each side are a few small conical teeth ; 
followed by about 6 enlarged and curved ¢a- 
nines, these followed by 9 or 10 small pointed 
teeth, all in a single row; sides of body with 
short vertical series of pores in addition to the 
short interrupted series of lateral-line pores. 
Gymnapogon Regan, 1905 


CHEILODIPTERID FISHES—SCHULTZ 407 


3b. Anal spines ITI. 
14a. Canine teeth present. 

15a. Canines in upper jaw widely spaced and ar- 
ranged in a single marginal series inside 
of which, beginning near middle of jaw, is 
a narrow band of vyilliform teeth; also 
enlarged canines near symphysis, just in- 
side the marginal canine teeth (fig. 19, b) ; 
lower jaw with a single marginal series of 
canine teeth; teeth on vomer and palatines; 
preopercle with double edge, not serrate; 

first dorsal VII to IX; anal III. 
Scombrops Temminck and Schlegel, 1842 
15d. Only a pair of canines at symphysis of upper 
jaw and a similar pair of canines in lower 
jaw, the latter with a Jateral series of close- 
set canines and a narrow inner band of 
villiform teeth more prominent posteriorly 
(fig. 20, d); teeth on vomer and pala- 
tines; preoperele without double edge; 
dorsals with IX-I, 9 or X, 11; anal rays 

III, 7 or 8; scales about 47 to 50. 
Neoscombrops Gilchrist, 1922 

14b. No canine teeth present. 
16a. Opercle, subopercle, and interopercle armed 
with long strong spines; the upper one 
on operculum bifid, the lower multifid ; 
subopercular spine bifid at tip; both jaws 
armed with small conical teeth in a single 
row, which are a little larger and in 1 
or 2 rows near the symphyses; the V- 
shaped vomer and palatines each with a 
single row of teeth; dorsal rays VIII-I, 
8 to 10; anal III, 6 or 7; seales about 
27 to 37; pectoral fin much longer than 
head_=2=- 2 ss4232 Howella Ogilby, 1899 
16b. Opercular spines simple; anal rays III, 7. 
17a. Opercle with 2 spines, subopercle with 2 
spines, and interopercle with 1 spine; 
scales about 382 or 3838; dorsal rays 
VIII-I, 9; teeth very small in single 
series on jaws; preopercle with double 
edge, posterior margin serrated near 
angle__Bathysphyraenops Parr, 1933 
17b. Subopercle and interopercle without short 
spines, although margins of these bones 
may be serrated; scales about 55 to 70; 
dorsal rays X, 10; teeth minute or 
villiform in a single row or a Very nar- 
row band on both jaws (fig. 19, g); 
preopercle with double edge, the poste- 
rior margin serrated. 

Apogonops Ogilby, 1896 


408 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 88 


3c. Anal rays I, 9 or 10. 

18a. No teeth on jaws, palatines, or vomer; 

dorsal rays V-I, 10. 
Brephostoma Alcock, 1889 
18b. Small teeth on jaws, palatines, and 
vomer, those on lower jaw and on 
vomer in an irregular double series; 
on upper jaw and on palatines teeth 
in a single series; dorsal rays 
VI-I, 11__Brinkmannella Parr, 1933 


Genus ACROPOMA Temminck and Schlegel 
FIcurE 19, a 


Acropoma** 'TEMMINCK and SCHLEGEL, Siebold’s Fauna Japonica, Pisces, pl. 
12, figs. 2, 38, pp. 31-82, 1842. (Atypic; type, Acropoma japonicum Giinther 
fixed by Glinther, Catalogue of the fishes of the British Museum, vol. 1, 
p. 250, 1859.) 


Genus DESMOAMIA Fowler and Bean 
FicurE 19, f 


Desmoamia* Fow Ler and BEAN, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 100, vol. 10, p. 128, 1980. 
(Genotype, Cheilodipterus zonatus* Smith and Radcliffe: U. S. N. M. No. 
70253, type.) 


The following species, represented by a holotype in the National 
Museum, is referred to the genus Desmoamia: 


Cheilodipterus nigrotaeniatus* SmMirH and Rapciirre, in Radcliffe, Proce. U. S. 
Nat. Mus., vol. 41, p. 442, pl. 37, fig. 3, 1912. (U.S. N. M. No. 70252.) 


Genus SIPHAMIA Weber 


Siphamia Werser, Notes Leyden Mus., vol. 31, note 4, p. 168, 1909. (Orthotype, 
Siphaniia tubifer Weber.) 

Adenapogon McCuttocu, Rec. Australian Mus., vol. 18, No. 4, p. 182, pl. 21, 
fig. 2, 1921. (Genotype, Apogon roseigaster Ramsay and Ogilby.) 

Scopelapogon WHITLEY, Rec. Australian Mus., vol. 19, p. 74, 1983. (Orthotype, 
Adenapogon (Scopelapogen) woodi McCulloch.) 

Fodifoa WHITLEY, Mem. Queensland Mus., vol. 11, pt. 1, p. 26, 1986. (Geno- 
type, Foa fistulosa Weber.) 


The following species, represented by a type in the National 
Museum, is referred to the genus Siphamia: 
Amia versicolor* SMiTH and Rapciirreg, in Radcliffe, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 
41, p. 257, fig. 3, 1911. (U.S.N.M. No. 68401.) 


3 All genera and types of species marked with an asterisk (*) are represented by material 
in the U. S. National Museum and have been examined by the author. 


CHEILODIPTERID FISHES 


SCHULTZ 409 


Genus EPIGONUS Rafinesque 
Fictre 19, h 


Epigonus RAFINESQUE, Indice dittiologia siciliana ..., p. 64, 1810. (Orthotype, 
Epigonus macrophthalmus Rafinesque.) 

Pomatomus (Risso) Cuvier and VALENCIENNES, Histoire naturelle des poissons, 
yol. 2, p. 171, 1828. (Type, Pomatomus telescopium Risso.) 

Telescops BLEEKER, Arch. Néerl. Sci. Nat., vol. 11, pt. 1, p. 261, 1876. (Ortho- 
type, Pomatomus telescopium Risso.) 

Pomatonrichthys GicLior1, Blenco ...e catalogo ... dei pesci italiani, p. 20, 
1880. (Orthotype, Pomatomichihys constanciae Giglioli=Pomatonus tele- 
scopium Risso, a synonym of Epigonus.) 

Hynnodus* Gicperr, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., vol. 23 (1903), pt. 2 A lit 
79, 1905. (Orthotype, Hynnodus atherinoides* Gilbert: U.S.N.M. No. 
51601, type.)* 

Xystramia* JorDAN, Copeia, No. 44, p. 46, 1917. (Orthotype, Glossamia pandi- 
onis (Goode and Bean)=Apogon pandionis* Goode and Bean: U.S.N.M. 
No. 26628, type.) 

Scepierias JoRDAN and JorDAN, Mem. Carnegie Mus., vol. 10, No. 1, p. 44, pl. 2, 
1922. (Type, Scepterias fragilis Jordan and Jordan.)* 

Parahynnodus BaRnarp, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9, vol. 20, p. 69, July 1927. 
(Orthotype, Parahynnodus robustus Barnard, Ann. South African Mus., 
vol. 21, p. 525, pl. 22, fig. 4, Oct. 1927.)* 


The following species, represented by a type in the National 
Museum, is referred to the genus E’pigonus: 


Hynnodus megalops* SmitH and RapcuirrE, i Radcliffe, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 
yol. 41, p. 445, pl. 38, fig. 3, 1912. (U.S.N.M. No. 70255.) 


Genus APOGON Lacépéde 
FIGURE 19, 4 


Amia Gronow, Zoophylacii..., p. 80, 1763 (nonbinomial). (Type, Amia 
moluecensis Cuvier and Valenciennes. ) 

Apogon Lacépkpr, Histoire naturelle des poissons, vol. 3, p. 411, 1802... (Type, 
Apogon ruber Lacépéde.) 

Ostorhinchus Lackpkpr, Histoire naturelle des poissons, vol. 4, p. 23, 1802. 
(Type, Ostorhinchus fleurieu Lacépéde. ) ; 

Dipterodon Lactpkpr, Histoire naturelle des poissons, vol. 4, p. 167, 1802. 
(Type, Dipterodon hexacanthus Lacépéde, designated by Jordan and Ever- 
mann, Genera of fishes, vol. 1, p. 63, 1917.) 

Macrolepis RarinrsqueE, Analyse de la nature .. ., Pp. 89, 1815. (Type, Apogon 
ruber Lacépéde; proposed to replace Apogon Lacépéde. ) 

Apogonoides Birrker, Journ. Indian Archipelago, vol. 3, p. 70, 1849. (Ortho- 
type, Apogonoides macassariensis Bleeker.) 

?Microichthus Riipprny, Verzeichniss in dem Museum Senckenbergischen ... 
Sammlungen: Pt. 4, Fische und deren Skelette, p. i, 1852. (Orthotype, 
Microichthys coccot Riippell.) 


4 Matsubara, Journ. Imp. Fish. Inst., vol. 31, No. 2, pp. 119-130, 1936, has reviewed the 
genera Hynnodus, Porahynnodus, and Scepterias and is of the opinion that they should 
be referred to Epigonus, in which opinion I concur. 


410 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88 


Apogonichthys BLErkKErR, Nat. Tijdschr. Nederl.-Indié, vol. 6, pp. 312, 321, 1854. 
(Type, Apogonichthys perdix Bleeker.) 

Amia Gronow, Catalogue of fish collected and described by Laurence Theodore 
Gronow, now in the British Museum (edited by Giinther), p. 173, 1854. 
(Orthotype, Amia percaeformis Gronow.) 

Monoprion Pory, Mem. Hist. Nat. Cuba, vol. 2, p. 128, 1860. (Orthotype, Mono- 
prion maculatus Poey.) 

Lepidamia Gitt, Proce. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1863, p. 81. (Orthotype, 
Amia kalosoma Bleeker.) 

Glossamia Git, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1863, p. 82. (Orthotype, 
Apogon aprion Richardson.) 

Mionorus Krerrt, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1867, p. $43. (Orthotype, Mionorus 
lunatus Krefft.) 

Pristiapogon KLuUNzINGER, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 1870, p. 715. (Type, 
Apogon fraenatus Valenciennes. ) 

£Vincentia CASTELNAU, Proc. Zool. Acclim. Soc. Victoria, vol. 1, p. 245, 1872. 
(Type, Vincentia waterhousei Castelnau.) 

Gulliveria CASTELNAU, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, vol. 3, p. 45, 1878. 
(Logotype, Gulliveria fusca Castelnau=Apogon aprion, a synonym of Glos- 
sania.) 

Monosira Pory, Anat. Soc. Espaf. Hist. Nat., Madrid, vol. 10, p. 326, 1881. 
(Type, Monosira stahli Poey.) 

Fowleria JorpDAN and EvERMANN, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., vol. 22 (1902), p. 180, 
1903. (Type, Apogon auritus Valenciennes.) 

Foa* JoRDAN and EveRMANN, in Jordan and Seale, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 
28, p. 779, July 3, 1905. (Orthotype, Foa fo* Jordan and Seale: U. S. 
N. M. No. 51735, type.) 

Foa* JORDAN and EvERMANN, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., vol. 23 (1903), pt. 1, 
p. 210, fig., July 29, 1905. (Orthotype, Fowleria brachygrammus * Jenkins: 
U.S. N. M. No. 50699, type.) 

Astrapogon Fowter, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1906, p. 527. (Type, Apo- 
gonichthys stellatus Cope.) 

Rhabdamia Werser, Notes Leyden Mus., vol. 31, p. 165, 1909. (Orthotype, Rhab- 
damia clupeiformis Weber.) 

Neamia* SmirH and RApcuLIFFe, in Radcliffe, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 41, p. 
441, 1912. (Type, Neamia octospina* Smith and Radcliffe: U.S.N.M. No. 
70251, type.) 

Nectamia JORDAN, Copeia, No. 44, p. 46, 1917. (Type, Apogon fuscus Quoy and 
Gaimard.) 

Zoramia JORDAN, Copeia, No. 44, p. 46, 1917. (Type, Apogon yraeffi Giinther.) 

Brephamia JORDAN, in Jordan and Jordan, Mem. Carnegie Mus., vol. 10, No. 1, 
p. 43, 1922. (Type, Amia parvuia* Smith and Radcliffe.) 

Gronovichthys Wuitiry, Ree. Australian Mus., vol. 17, p. 302, footnote, 1929; 
Mem. Queensland Mus., vol. 10, pt. 1, p. 11, 1980. (Orthotype, Amia percae- 
formvis Gray.) 

Sphaeramia Fowirr and BEAN, U. 8. Nat. Mus. Bull. 100, vol. 10, p. 29, 1930. 
(Genotype, Apogon nematoptera Bleeker.) 

Joamia Fow Ler and BreAn, U. §. Nat. Mus. Bull. 100, vol. 10, p. 180, 1930. (Geno- 
type, Apogonichthys gracilis Bleeker.) 

Lovamia WHITLEY, Mem. Queensland Mus., vol. 10, pt. 1, p. 10, 1980. (Orthotype, 
Mullus fasciatus White.) 

Yarica Wuittry, Mem. Queensland Mus., vol. 10, pt. 1, p. 12, 1930. (Orthotype, 
Apogon hyalosoma var. torresiensis Castelnau. ) 


CHEILODIPTERID FISHES—SCHULTZ 411 


Pterapogon KouMans, Zodl. Meded. Rijksmus. Nat. Hist. Leiden, vol. 16, p. 78, 
fig. 2, 1933. (Orthotype, Pterapogon kauderni Koumans.) 

Kurandapogon* Wuittry, Oce. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, No. 405, pp. 1-4, 
pl. 1, 1989. (Genotype, Kurandapogon blanchardi* Whitley.) 


The following species, represented by types in the U. S. National 
Museum, have been examined by the author and are referred to the 
genus Apogon: 

Amia retrosella Gitu, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1862, p. 251. (U.S.N.M. 
Nos. 2454, 2997, 4413.) 

Apogon alutus JorpAN and Gitprrt, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 5, D. 279, 1882. 
(U.S.N.M. No. 30874.) 

Apogon atricaudus JorDAN and McGreeor, in Jordan and Evermann, U. S. Nat. 
Mus. Bull. 47, p. 2853, 1898. (U.S.N.M. No. 48527.) 

Apogon sellicauda EverMANN and MarsH, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., vol. 20, pt- 
1, p. 143, fig. 40, 1900. (U.S.N.M. No. 49529.) 

Apogon unicolor DODERLEIN, in Jordan and Snyder, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 23, 
p. 749, pl. 33, 1801. (U.S.N.M. No. 49708.) 

Apogonichthys waikiki JoRDAN and EVERMANN, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., vol. 22, 
p. 179, 1903. (U.S.N.M. No. 50639.) 

Apogon snyderi JorvAN and EVERMANN, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., vol. 22, p. 180, 
1803. (U.S.N.M. No. 50640.) 

Apogon menesemus JENKINS, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., vol. 22, p. 448, 1903. 
(U.S.N.M. No. 50700.) 

Apogon erythrinus SNyprER, Bull. U. 8. Fish Comm., vol. 22, p. 526, pl. 9, fig. 17, 
1904. (U.S.N.M. No. 50876.) 

Apogon evermanni JORDAN and SNYDER, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 28, p. 128, 1904. 
(U.S.N.M. No. 51487.) 

Amia gilberti JoRDAN and Sete, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 28, p. T77, fig. 3, 1905. 
(U.S.N.M. No. 51941.) 

Mionorus mydrus Jorpan and SEALE, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 28, p. 778, fig. 4, 
1905. (U.S.N.M. No. 51946.) 

Amia exostigma JorDAN and SrTarKs, in Jordan and Seale, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., 
vol. 25, p. 238, fig. 31, 1906. (U.S.N.M. No. 51782.) 

Amia doryssa, JoRDAN and Sears, Bull. U. 8. Bur. Fish., vol. 25, p. 245, fig. 39, 
1906. (U.S.N.M. No. 51812.) 

Foa vaiulae JorpAN and SEALs, Bull. U. 8. Bur. Fish., vol. 25, p. 249, fig. 43, 1906. 
(U.S.N.M. No. 51754.) 

Apogonichthys isostigma JORDAN and SEALE, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., vol. 25, p. 251, 
fig. 45, 1906. (U.S.N.M. No. 51736.) 

Amia jenkinsi EVERMANN and SEALE, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., vol. 26, p. 73, fig. 9, 
1907. (U.S.N.M. No. 55907.) 

Apogonichthys menialis EVERMANN and Seale, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., vol. 26, 
p. 74, fig. 10, 1907. (U.S.N.M. No. 55905.) 

Apogonichthys nofae SNYDER, Proe. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 36, p. 599, 1909. (U.S.N.M. 
No. 62947.) 

Amia compressa SMITH and RADCLIFFE, in Radcliffe, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 41, 
p. 246, pls. 20, 21, 1911. (U.S.N.M. No. 68398.) 

Amia angustata SMiTH and RADCLIFFE, in Radcliffe, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 41, 
p. 253, fig. 1, 1911. (U.S.N.M. No. 68399. ) 

Amia robusta SMITH and RADCLIFFE, i Radcliffe, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 41, 
p. 254, fig. 2, 1911. (U.S.N.M. No. 68400.) 

Amia diencaea SmarH and RapcwtFFe, im Radcliffe, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 41, 
p. 431, pl. 34, fig. 1, 1912. (U.S.N.M. No. 70243.) 


193255—40——2 


412 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 88 


Amia parvula SMITH and Rapcrirrs, in Radcliffe, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 41, 
p. 482, pl. 34, fig. 2, 1912. (U.S.N.M. No. 70244.) 

Amia hyalina SmiTH and Rapciirre“, in Radcliffe, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 41, 
p. 433, pl. 36, fig. 2,1912. (U.S.N.M. No. 70245.) 

Amia diversa SMITH and RADCLIFFE, in Radcliffe, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 41, 
p. 434, pl. 37, fig. 1, 1912. (U.S.N.M. No. 70246.) 

Amia nigrocincta SMITH and RADCLIFFE, in Radcliffe, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 41, 
p. 435, pl. 37, fig. 2,1912. (U.S.N.M. No. 70247.) 

Amia uninotata SMITH and RADCLIFFE, in Radcliffe, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 41, 
p. 436, pl. 34, fig. 3, 1912. (U.S.N.M. No. 70248.) 

Amia striata SMITH and RApcLIFFE, in Radcliffe, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 41, 
p. 437, pl. 35, fig. 1, 1912. (U.S.N.M. No. 68403.) 

Amia albomarginata SMITH and RapDcuLiFFE, in Radcliffe, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 
vol. 41, p. 488, pl. 35, fig. 2, 1912. (U.S.N.M. No. 68402.) 

Amia atrogaster SMITH and RADCLIFFE, in Radcliffe, Proe. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 41, 
p. 489, pl. 3d, fig. 3, 1912. (U.S.N.M. No. 70249.) 

Amia guadalupensis OSBURN and NicHors, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 35, 
art. 16, p. 160, fig. 9, 1916. (U.S.N.M. No. 87545.) 

Kurandapogon blanchardi Wuittry, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zo6l. Univ. Michigan, No. 405, 
pp. 1+, pl. 1, 19389. (U.S.N.M. No. 109466.) 


Genus ARCHAMIA Gill 


Archamia Git, Proce. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 18638, p. 81. (Orthotype, 
Apogon bleekeri Giinther.) 


The characters given in the key for this genus were based mostly 


on specimens of Archamia lineolata (Cuvier and Valenciennes), 
U.S.N.M. Nos. 52203 and 89255, from Apia. 


Genus OXYODON Brauer 


Oxryodon BRAUER, Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedi- 
tion auf dem Dampfer Valdivia 1898-99, vol. 15, p. 287, fig. 172, 1906. 
(Oxthotype, Oxyodon macrops Brauer.) 


Genus DINOLESTES Klunzinger 
FIGurReE 19, d@ 


Dinolestes* KiLuNzinerr, Arch. Naturg., vol. 38, pt. 1, p. 29, 1872. (Type, Dino- 
lestes muelleri Klunzinger. ) 

Lanioperca GUNTHER, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4, vol. 10, p. 183, 1872. (Ortho- 
type, Lanioperca mordag Giinther=Dinolestes mueileri Kiunzinger. ) 

Neosphyraena CASTELNAU, Proce. Zool. Acclim. Soc. Victoria, vol. 1, p. 96, 1872. 
(Orthotype, Neosphyraena multiradiata Castelnau.) 


Genus CHEILODIPTERUS Lacépéde 


FIGURE 20, a 


Cheilodipterus* LActPEDE, Histoire naturelle des poissons, vol. 3, p. 539, 1802. 
(Type, Cheilodipterus lineatus Lacépéde, as restricted by Cuvier and 
Valenciennes. ) 

Aspro (Commerson) LAcErEpE, Histoire naturelle des poissons, vol. 4, p. 273, 
1803. (Type, Cheilodipterus macrodon Lacépéde, as restricted by Jordan.) 


CHEILODIPTERID FISHES—-SCHULTZ 413 


Clodipterus RAFINESQUE, Analyse de la nature. . ., pp. 86, 88, 1815. (Substitute 
for Cheilodipterus Lacépéde. ) 

Chilodipterus GinruER, Catalogue of the fishes of the British Museum, vol. 1, p. 
248, 1859. (Type, Cheilodipterus lineatus Lacépéde. ) 

Paramia Buirexer, Nederl. Tijdschr. Dierk., vol. 1)’ “p. 232; £863:, (Type, 
Cheilodipterus lineatus Lacépéde; proposed to replace Cheilodipterus 
Lacépéde.) 

Acanthapogon* Fowter, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia Monogr. 2, p. 197, pl. 8, 
fig. 18, 1938. (Genus based on tiny young; type, Acanthapogon vanderbilti* 
Fowler: U.S.N.M. No. 107189, paratypes.) 

The following species, represented by a holotype in the National 

Museum, is referred to the genus Cheilodipterus : 

Chilodipterus affinis* Pory, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 11, p. 58, 1876. 
(U.S.N.M. No. 87416.) 


CHEILODIPTEROPS, new genus 
Figure 20, 6 


Two or three pairs of canines at symphysis of lower jaw, each side 
of lower jaw with three or four enlarged canines; posterior to the 
symphyseal canines occur villiform teeth; each side of tip of upper 
jaw with a small patch of villiform teeth, followed by three pairs of 
canines, remainder of jaw with wide band of villiform teeth; vomer 
and palatines with small teeth, other characters are those of the new 
species. 

Genotype—C heilodipterops isostigma, new species. 


CHEILODIPTEROPS ISOSTIGMA,* new species 


Holotype-—U.S.N.M. No. 30657. A specimen 74 mm. in standard 
Jength taken at New Guinea by the Linnean Society, Sydney, Aus- 
tralia, previous to 1882. 

Description ——Body compressed, elongate, with large ctenoid scales; 
lateral line continuous but not extending on caudal fin rays; inter- 
orbital space slightly concave; maxillaries slipping under preorbital 
anteriorly, and a little posteriorly a small supplementary bone pos- 
teriorly on upper edge of maxulary; maxillary reaching to beyond a 
vertical line from rear edge of pupil; premaxillary protractile, its 
upper edge concealed by preorbital bones; mouth terminal, jaws 
equal, the lower fitting inside the canines of upper jaw; small 
symphyseal knob at tip of lower jaw; pelvic rays I, 5; dorsal VI-I, 9; 
anal II, 8, the first spine very small, about 1 pupil; pectoral rays 
11-11; principal caudal rays 17, scales 214+25+514; cheeks with 
large scales; gill rakers on first arch 5+15 and 5+16; preoperculum 
with double edge, the posterior edge finely serrated; pseudobranchiae 
present; operculum with one very weak flat spine that does not extend 
beyond the membranous bone; anus about the diameter of eye in 


414 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM yOu, 88 


advance of origin of anal fin, much closer to origin of anal than 
insertion of pelvics, gill membranes extending far forward not joined 
to isthmus; branchiostegals 6; caudal fin slightly emarginate. 

Measurements—The measurements outside the parentheses are in 
millimeters, and those in the parentheses are expressed in hundredths 
of the standard length. Distance from tip of snout to base of mid- 
caudal fin rays 74; greatest depth of body 19 (25.7); least depth of 
caudal peduncle 10 (13.5); length from base of last anal ray to base 
of midcaudal fin rays 21 (28.4); head 29 (39.2) diameter of eye 9 
(12.2) snout 6.9 (9.8); bony interorbital space 3.7 (5.0); length of 
longest pectoral fin ray 14.7 (19.9); length of second (longest) anal 
spine 10.4 (14.1); length of longest dorsal spine or second spine 13 
(17.5); tip of snout to origin of spiny dorsal fin 32.5 (44.0); tip of 
snout to origin of anal fin 50 (67.7); tip of snout to insertion of 
pectoral fin 29 (39.2); tip of snout to insertion of pelvic fins 29.6 
(40.0) ; tip of snout to center of anus 42.7 (57.7) ; length of maxillaries 
10.5 (14.2). 

Color in alcohol—Peritoneum silvery; sides of body with five 
narrow, longitudinal, brown streaks and a midventral one on breast 
between pelvics; on occiput begins the most dorsal streak, continuing 
along midline of back, dividing just in front of origin of dorsal, a 
branch passing along each side of base of rays, uniting just behind 
base of dorsal, and continuing along middorsal line of caudal pedun- 
cle; second one begins at tip of snout passing along top of head at 
dorsal edge of orbit, over posttemporal, and along lateral line, leaving 
it a little in front of origin of dorsal and continuing along upper side 
of caudal peduncle; the median streak begins on tip of snout, passes 
through eye and along midside of body, ending on caudal peduncle; 
the next one begins on tip of lower jaw and passes just below 
eye and along midventral side to caudal fin base; the ventral streak 
begins on tip of lower jaw, extending along ventral margin of 


Ficure 19.—Upper and lower jaws of cheilodipterid fishes, showing arrangement of the 
teeth; bands and patches of villiform teeth are blackened; white spots in black area repre- 
sent canine teeth, usually in a single row along outer margin; vomerine and palatine teeth 
not shown: a, Acropoma japonicum, diagram based mostly on U.S.N.M. Nos. 49823, 49824, 
and 57756; b, Scombrops, based on U.S.N.M. Nos. 48138, 49932, 57524, and 59619 (speci- 
mens of S. chetlodipterus and S. boops); c, Telescopias gilbertt, based on U.S.N.M. No. 
57540, a paratype; d, Dinolestes muelleri, based on U.S.N.M. Nos. 49712 and 49713; ¢, 
Synagrops, based on U.S.N.M. Nos. 51434 (S. japonica), 39338 (type), 39346, 44621, 
74325-74328 (all paratypes of S. bella), 70254 (type of S. serratospinosa), 70250 (type of 
Amia grossidens), and 47732 (type of Melanostoma argyreum); f, Desmoamia zonatus, based 
on U.S.N.M. No. 70253 (type) and 70252 (type of Cheilodipterus nigrotaentatus); 
g, Apogonops, based on U.S.N.M. No. 74085 (type of Parasphyraenops atrimanus); 
h, Epigonus, based on U.S.N.M. Nos. 44827 and 49351 (specimens of £. telescopius); 
1, Apogon, based on numerous specimens of several species. 


CHEILODIPTERID FISHES—SCHULTZ 415 


Ficune 19.—See opposite page for explanation 


416 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou, 88 


dentary backward just above pectoral fin base and along base of anal 
fin, uniting into a single streak along midventral line of caudal 
peduncle; very intense black spot at midbase of caudal fin rays. 


JADAMGA, new genus 
FicurE 20, c 


This genus, based on the species Jadamga quinquelineata (Cuvier 
and Valenciennes), differs from the closely related genera Cheilodip- 
terus and Cheilodipterops in regard to the teeth in the jaw, there 
being no canines at tip of lower jaw, as shown in figure 20, ¢, and in 
the key (p. 406). 

Genotype—Cheilodipterus quinquelineatus* Cuvier and Valen- 
clennes. 

The diagram (fig. 20, c) is based on a sketch of the holotype by 
Chabanaud and on U.S.N.M. Nos. 52296 and 65976. 


Genus SYNAGROPS Giinther 


Ficure 19, e 


Melanostoma StEINDACHNER and D6OpERLEIN, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien. 
math.-nat. Classe, vol. 48, p. 5, 1888. (Orthotype, Jfelanostoma japonicum* 
Steindachner and Déderlein.) 

Synagrops* GUNTHER, Report on the scientific results of the voyages of H. M. &. 
Challenger during the years 1873-76, vol. 22, pt. 57, p. 16, 1887. (Type, 
Melanostoma japonicum Steindachner and Déderlein; substitute name for 
Melanostoma Steindachner and Déderlein, preoccupied. ) 

Parascombrops AtcocK, Journ. Asiat. Soe. Bengal, vol. 58, pt. 2, p. 296, 1889. 
(Type, Parascombrops pellucidus Alcock.) 

Hypoclydonia* Goopre and Bean, Oceanic ichthyology, p. 236, 1895. (Type, 
Hypoclydonia belia* Goode and Bean: U.S.N.M. No. 89838, type.) 

Amioides* SmirH and RADCLIFFE, in Radcliffe, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 41, 
p. 489, 1912, (Type, Amia (Amioides) grossidens* Smith and Radcliffe: 
U. S. N. M. No. 70250, type.) 

MTaccullochina JoRDAN, in Jordan and Jordan, Mem. Carnegie Mus., vol. 10, No. 1. 
p. 44,1922. (Type, Synagrops serratospinosa* Smith and Radcliffe: U.S.N.M. 
No. 70254, type.) 


KEY TO THE SPECIES REFERRED TO SYNAGROPS 


la. Anterior edge of pelvic spines serrated. 
2a. Anterior edge of second spine of first dorsal and of anal fin serrated. 
3a. Anterior edge of spine in second dorsal serrated; no small keels on outer 
surface of posterior portion of preoperculum near lower angle. 
serratospinosa Smith and Radcliffe 
36. Spine of second dorsal smooth; 2 or 3 small keels on outer surface of 
posterior portion of preoperculum near lower angle. 
spinosa, new species 
2b. Anterior edge of no spine in dorsal or anal fins serrated. 
4a. No keels on outer surface of posterior portion of preoperculum near 
OW ae He ee ec rat A philippinensis (Giinther) 
4b. Three keels on outer surface of posterior portion of preoperculum near 
LOWEN ETD LG ae Se a cae ae SE eae argyrea (Gilbert and Cramer) 


CHEILODIPTERID FISHES—SCHULTZ 417 


1b. Anterior edge of pelvic spines smooth. 
5a. One obviously strong humeral spine; margin of anterior ridge of 
preopercle smooth_____--____ grossidens (Smith and Radcliffe) 
5b. No humeral spines or at most only a rudiment of one; anterior 
ridge of preoperculum with a few serrations at lower angle. 
6a. No keels on outer surface of posterior portion of preoperculum 
near lower angle; dorsal fins joined or practically so; Anal 
Ii, 2: 
7a= About 40 scales in lateral line, depth 344 to 3% in length; eye 
81% to 334 in head; gill rakers on lower half of first arch 
13 or 14, formula 5-F1--14_--_-_- microlepis Norman 
7b. About 35 scales in lateral line; depth 3.3 in length; eye 2.9 in 
head; gill rakers on lower half of first arch 17 (total 
TAkeCrSh 20) Le ee pseudomicrolepis, new species 
6b. Two or three small keels on outer surface of posterior portions of 
preoperculum near lower angle; first and second dorsal fins 
definitely separated; about 30 scales in lateral line; depth 3% 
to more than 4 in length, eye 3 to 3% in head; anal II, 7. 
8a. Maxillary to below center of eye, 214 to 214 in head. 
bella (Goode and Bean) 
8b° Maxillary to below anterior margin of pupil, 244 in head. 
japonica (Steindachner and Déderlein) 


SYNAGROPS SERRATOSPINOSA Smith and Radcliffe 


Synagrops serratospinosa* SmirH and RapcuiFre, in Radcliffe, Proce. U. S. Nat. 
Mus., vol. 41, p. 444, pl. 38, fig. 2, 1912. (U.S.N.M. No. 70254, type.) 


SYNAGROPS SPINOSA, new species 


Holotype.—A male, 105 mm. in standard length, taken at Albatross 
station 2401, latitude 28° 38’ 30’ N., longitude 85° 52’ 30’ W., depth 
142 fathoms, March 14, 1885 (Gulf of Mexico). ‘This specimen was 
one of the cotypes of Hypoclydonia bella Goode and Bean. It bears 
U.S.N.M. No. 743824. 

Description —Body compressed, elongate with large cycloid scales, 
all except a few of which have been lost; lateral line continuous but 
not extending on caudal fin rays, except one or two pores; interor- 
pital space slightly convex; premaxillaries protractile, lower jaw 
projecting but not entering profile, a small symphyseal knob on lower 
jaw fits into a concavity at symphysis of upper jaw; each side of tip 
of lower jaw is a concavity with narrow band of villiform teeth, 
upper edge of maxillary fitting into a groove formed by the sub- 
orbital and preorbital bones anteriorly, but mostly exposed pos- 
teriorly; near symphysis of premaxillaries occur a pair of canine 
teeth followed posteriorly by a band of villiform teeth; at symphysis 
of lower jaw is a pair of canine teeth that fit between those of upper 


5 These portions of the key were taken from Norman, Discovery Reports, vol 12, p. 11, 
1935. Our limited material does not indicate these differences when specimens of the same 
size are compared, and I am unable to find any character that will separate our Japanese 
and Atlantic material of bella and japonica with certainty. 


ROCEEDINGS 0 a N! NAL MUSEU) yOu, 88 
418 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM 


jaws; posterior to the concavity near tip of lower jaw occur 5 and 
8 canine teeth along midside of jaw behind which is a band of villi- 
form teeth; small teeth on vomer and palatines; pelvics I, 5; the spine 
serrated on anterior edge; dorsal rays IX, I, 9, the anterior edge of 
second dorsal spine serrated beyond tip of first spine, no other spine 
in dorsal fins serrated; the space between dorsals equal to width of 
pupil; the third dorsal spine longest; anal rays II, 7, the anterior edge 
of the second spine serrated, beyond the tip of the first; pectoral rays 


Ficure 20.—Upper and lower jaws of cheilodipterid fishes, showing arrangement of the 
teeth; bands and patches of villiform teeth are blackened; white spots on black area 
represent canine teeth, usually in a single row along outer margin; vomerine and palatine 
teeth not shown: a, Cheilodipterus, diagram based on U.S.N.M. Nos. 30658 and 49287 
(C. lineatus), 52410 and 65604 (C. macrodon), 30541 (probably C. octovittatus), and 37416 
(type of C. affinis); b, Cheilodipierops, based on U.S.N.M. No. 30657 (holotype of C. 
isostigma); c, Jadamga, based on U.S.N.M. Nos. 52296 (7 specimens), 65976 (1 specimen), 
and the holotype from a sketch of J. quinquelineata by Chabanaud; d, Neoscombrops, based 
on a sketch by Barnard from a specimen of NV. annectens in the South African Museum; 
e, Gymnapogon, based on U.S.N.M. No. 108821 (paratype of G. japonicus). 


CHEILODIPTERID FISHES—SCHULTZ 419 


16 on each side; gill rakers on first arch 5+14; about 31 scale rows 
crossing lateral line; preoperculum with double edge, the lower angle 
of the anterior edge with fine serrations, the posterior edge completely 
serrated; operculum with two weak spines, edge smooth; subopercu- 
Jum and interoperculum with a few weak serrations; inside of gill 
chamber blackish; peritoneum black, anus immediately in front of 
origin of anal fin; principal caudal rays 17; pseudobranchiae large; 
gill membranes extending far forward, free from isthmus except where 
they join it at its anterior tip; branchiostegals 6; caudal forked. 

Measurements ——The measurements outside the parentheses are in 
millimeters, and those in parentheses are expressed in hundredths of 
the standard length. Distance from tip of snout to base of midcaudal 
fin rays 105; greatest depth of body 30.5 (29) at origin of spiny 
dorsal; least depth of caudal peduncle 11.9 (11.3) ; length from base 
of last anal ray to base of midcaudal fin rays 25 (23.8); head 37 
(85.2) ; diameter of eye 10.8 (10.3); snout 9.0 (8.6); interorbital 
space 9.3 (8.9) ; length of longest pectoral fin ray 26 (24.8) ; length of 
second anal spine 9.6 (9.1) ; length of longest dorsal fin spine or third 
spine 17 (16.2) ; tip of snout to origin of spiny dorsal fin 38.7 (36.8) ; 
tip of snout to origin of anal fin 71.3 (68); tip of snout to insertion 
of pectoral fins 37 (35.2) ; tip of snout to insertion of pelvic fins 39.7 
(37.8) ; tip of snout to center of anus 67.8 (64.5); length of maxil- 
laries 16.6 (15.8) ; color in alcohol, silvery on sides and belly, darker 
above. 

This species is distinguished from other species in the genus 
Synagrops as indicated in the key. 


SYNAGROPS PHILIPPINENSIS (Giinther) 


Acropoma philippinense* GUNTHER, Zoology of the voyage of H. M. S. Challenger, 
vol. 1, pt. 6, p. 51, 1880. 
Parascombrops pellucidus ALcock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 58, pt. 2, p. 296, 
pl. 22, fig. 1, 1889. 
Synagrops malayanus Werser, Die Fische der Siboga-Expedition, p. 196, fig. 52, 
1913. 
SYNAGROPS ARGYREA (Gilbert and Cramer) 


Melanostoma argyreum* GitseRr and CRAMER, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 19, 
p. 416, pl. 39, fig. 3, 1897. (U.S.N.M. No. 47732, holotype.) 


SYNAGROPS GROSSIDENS (Smith and Radcliffe) 


Amia (Amioides) grossidens* SmirH and Ravcuirre, in Radcliffe, Proc. Us: 
Nat. Mus., vol. 41, p. 440, pl. 36, fig. 1, 1912. (U.S.N.M. No. 70250, type.) 


SYNAGROPS MICROLEPIS Norman 


Synagrops microlepis* NorMan, Discovery Reports, vol. 12, Coast fishes, tebe 
The South Atlantic, p. 12, fig. 8, 1935. (U.S.N.M. No. 108186, paratype. ) 


420 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 88 


SYNAGROPS PSEUDOMICROLEPIS, new species 


Holotype.—A male, 110 mm. in standard length, taken by the First 
Johnson-Smithsonian Deep-sea Expedition, March 4, 1933, and bear- 


ing tin tag number 599, station 100, latitude 18° 38’ 45’’ N., longitude » 
64° 62’ 45’” W., to latitude 18° 40’ 15’’ N., longitude 64° 50’ 15’” W,, , 


which is off the Virgin Islands. U.S.N.M. No. 107203. 
Description Body compressed, elongate, with large cycloid scales, 


most of which have been lost; lateral line continuous but not extend- - 


ing on caudal fin rays; interorbital space nearly flat; head with nu- - 
merous spongy cavities; premaxillaries protractile; lower jaw longer » 


than upper, slightly projecting; upper edge of maxillaries fitting 


into a groove formed by the suborbital and preorbital bones, and — 
anteriorly the maxillaries are covered by the preorbitals; wide band — 


of villiform teeth on the premaxillaries, the very outer ones a little 
enlarged at each side of the symphysis of premaxillaries is a large 
canine tooth, on right side a smaller teoth at base of large one, be- 
tween this pair of large canines fits the symplyseal knob and a 
smaller pair of canines on lower jaw; lower jaw with a narrow band 
of sharp villiform teeth anteriorly, but at sides of jaw gradually be- 
coming enlarged canines in one row numbering 8 or 9, those in mid- 
side of jaw longest, and far apart; the region of the lower jaw at each 
side of the symphyseal canines is concave as in the genus Synagrops; 
teeth on vomer villiform in V-shaped patch, ending posteriorly in a 
few slightly enlarged teeth; palatine teeth small, conical in one or two 
irregular rows. Pelvics I, 5; dorsal rays IX, I, 10, a deep emargi- 
nation in front of last spine and over ninth spine; first dorsal spine 
short, second about 214 times length of first, third spine longest; front 
edge of no spine in any fin serrated: preoperculum with double edge, 
the lower angle of the anterior edge with 5 or 6 short spines the 
posterior edge at lower angle serrated as is lower edge; at lower 
angle of preoperculum, outer surface of posterior plate without the 
small keels; operculum with two weak spines; suboperculum at lower 
corner with edge bearing a few serrae; interoperculum also with some 
serrae; inside of gill chamber blackish; peritoneum jet black; anus 
just in front of origin of anal fin; principal caudal rays 17; pseudo- 
branchiae present and large; gill membranes extending far forward 
free from isthmus; branchiostegals 7; first anal spine short, curved 
posteriorly, second anal spine long, broad, grooved behind. 
Counts.—Dorsal rays IX, I, 10; anal rays II, 9; pectoral right 16, 
left 1825; gill rakers 7+1+17; scale formula about 3+35+ ?. 
Measurements.—The measurements outside parentheses are in milli- 
meters, and those in parentheses are expressed in hundredths of 
standard length. Distance from tip of snout to base of midcaudal fin 
rays 110; greatest depth of body 33 (30.0) near origin of spinous 


CHEILODIPTERID FISHES—SCHULTZ 421 


dorsal fin; least. depth of caudal peduncle 11.5 (10.5); length from 
pase of last anal ray to base of midcaudal fin rays 18.8 (17.1) ; head 
43 (39.1); diameter of eye 15 (13.6) snout 7.3 (6.64); interorbital 
space 10.5 (9.55) ; length of longest pectoral fin ray 33 (30.0) ; length 
of second anal spine 10.5 (9.55) ; tip of snout to origin of spiny dorsal 
fin 45.6 (41.5); tip of snout to origin of anal fin 75.6 (68.7); Gp of 
snout to insertion of pectoral fins 42.6 (38.7) ; tip of snout to insertion 
of pelvic fin 44 (40.0) ; tip of snout to anus 70.6 (64.2) ; least width of 
bony suborbital 2.3 (2.18) ; length of maxillaries 21.3 (19.4). 

Color in alcohol darker above; sides and belly silvery. 

This species is distinguished from other species in the genus 
Synagrops as indicated in the key. 

SYNAGROPS BELLA (Goode and Bean) 


Hypoclydonia bella* Goope and BEAN, Oceanic ichthyology, p. 236, pl. 66, fig. 237, 
1895. (U.S.N.M. No. 39388, type; Nos. 39346, 44621, 74325-74528, paratypes. ) 


TaBLe 1.—Counts made on specimens of Synagrops in the U. S. National 


Museum 
Me Ay vie ie PR EES 
Dorsal rays Anal rays Pectoral rays Scale rows crossing lateral 
Species 

i 25 | 27} 29 | 31 | 33 | 35 | 37 | 39 

IX| 1] 8] 910; IL] 7} 8} 9 | 14] 15) 16} 17] 18) 19) 56 | 58] 39 | 39] 34 | 36] 38 | 40 
terratospinosa___------ AN ea tee TS |e ye Los eee] em eres eee es | to ee | ee ene eee Blece es ee eee aoe 
PpinOsdo oo. <2 22322 TD essed Vee ereegsp ee a el] veo eats | ef ek ee me ee fee 
philippinensis___---_-- TSAO) Bi Vzhe NLS] et 7a a Gl Ola eee A) ioe ies ee=|eo= 
OO eee ed ee es See eee DW) De ee ales EE Ae a al ae eee = yaa 
BrOSSideNS == sake Hh eh a vs OU feed ye alee) = Si es) SER teal) Beale | oo faaojco 
microlepis 1__._____--- | ae TI a ee | ee eM perl ae | 
pseudomicrolepis._.---} 1} 1j---]--- ot joe |e eee Heer lee te rede | ec I | ee | ae | eee 
Wei igee te ee ee LN, Ed I SRP RS aI eT Gl Syme alee Dole ae renee 
BQPONICES anne neon oe) Dias) ote aie eee Se Dee ete meme ee ea ere 


ee 


Gill rakers on lower 
half of arch 


Species Eo 


11} 12) 1314/15 |16 |17 |15 |16 17 |18 | 19} 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 25 


Total gill rakers on first gill arch 


ETT OLOSDIOS heen e ae nea BimtGle eed ee eee ee FAL HA A aie eae) B= slicsa bes] eee 
BE YIET OS Cae cee eee oon Hale tlh he | eee et re Da | oe eae a 
philippinensis___..---------------------- ASI OF Sls Shishi Siiolees| 2 Bese ae lean eee | aan 
CUT COO ee eee eee eee coe es=- |< 1 = 4] oe | it SB | eee eee | 
AS CBELUENS =e tee eee eet 8 eee leee emo al] sfc SN ao hee eT ea Se Te ee 
PIEICHOLED iS) eee ne ee ere oe iN) UL ees Fe | sae nL en eg Ss |e et | 
pseudomicrolepis_.....-.----------------|---|---|---|---]---}--- Lee ee pee ers leaf eee eee ee 
Pete eee ak Ue caine Vee SA FIle 4) 6] 2|_--}---|---|---] 1] 4] 6] 2]---|---¥---]---j--- 


SURE T Le eae ee eel eee ee Dhoni] _ sui) e el) ee a 


1 Data for one of these specimens of S. microlepis were taken from Norman, Discovery Reports, vol. 12, 1935. 


422 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou, 88 | 


SYNAGROPS JAPONICA (Sieindachner and Déderlein) 


Melanostoma japonicum* DGDERLEIN, in Steindachner and Déderlein, Denkschr, 
Akad. Wiss. Wien. math.-nat, Classe, vol. 48, p. 5, pl. 1, fig. 2, 1883. 

Synagrops natalensis GILCHRIST, Fish. and Mar. Biol. Surv. South Africa, Rept. 
No. 2, special rept. m1, p. 69, 1922. 


Genus TELESCOPIAS Jordan and Snyder ° 
Fieure 19, c 


Telescopias * JORDAN and SNYDER, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 23, p. 909, pl. 44, 
1901. (Orthotype, Telescopias gilberti Jordan and Snyder: U.S.N.M. No. 
57540, paratype. ) 


Genus PSEUDAMIA Bleeker 


Pseudamia BLEEKER, Nederl. Tijdschr. Dierk., vol. 2, p. 284, 1865. (Type, 
Apogon polystigma Bleeker. ) 


Genus GYMNAPOGON Regan ° 
Ficure 20, e 


Gynnapogon* REGAN, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 15, p. 19, 1905. (Ortho- 
type, Gymnapogon japonicus Regan; U.S.N.M. No. 108821, paratype.) 


Genus SCOMBROPS Temminck and Schlegel ° 
FIGURE 19, 0 


Scombrops* TEMMINCK and SCHLEGEL, Siebold’s Fauna Japonica, Pisces, p. 118, 
1849. (Orthotype, Scombrops cheilodipterus Bleeker=Scomber boops 
Houttuyn.) 

Latebrus Porty, Mem. Hist. Nat. Cuba, vol. 2, pt. 2, p. 168, 1860. (Orthotype, 
Latebrus oculatus Poey.) 


Genus NEOSCOMBROPS Gilchrist 
FIcurE 20, d 


Neoscombrops* Gitcurist, Fish. and Mar. Biol. Surv. South Africa Rept. No. 2, 
special rept. 1, p. 67, 1922. (Genotype, Neoscombrops annectens Gilchrist.) 

Erythrobussothen Parr, Bull. Bingham Oceanogr. Coll., vol. 3, art. 6, p. 31, fig. 
14, 19383. (Genotype, Erythrobussothen gracilis Parr.) 


Genus HOWELLA Osgilby 


Howella Oagitpy, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, vol. 33, p. 734, 1899. 
(Orthotype, Howella brodiei Ogilby.) 

Galeagra HELLER and SNoperAss, Proc. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 5, p. 193, 
1903. (Orthotype, Galeagra pammelas Heller and Snodgrass.) 

Rhectogramma NorMAN, Discovery Reports, vol. 2, p. 848, fig. 39, 1930. (Geno- 
type, Rhectogramma sherborni Norman.) 

Sphyraenops GILL, in Poey, Mem. Hist. Nat. Cuba, vol. 2, p. 349, 1860. (Ortho- 
type, Sphyraenops bairdianus Poey.) 


6The placing of Scombrops, Telescopias, and Gymnapogon in the family Pomatomidae 
by Regan (Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 12, pp. 117-118, 1913) does not seem justified 
to me at this time. Further study is necessary to establish relationships. 


CHEILODIPTERID FISHES—SCHULTZ 423 


Genus BATH YSPHYRAENOPS Parr 


Bathysphyraenops Parr, Bull. Bingham Oceanogr. Coll., vol. 3, art. 6, p. 28, 
fig. 15, 1933. (Genotype, Bathysphyraenops simplex Parr.) 


Genus APOGONOPS Ogilby 


FIGURE 19, g 


Apogonops OctLBy, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, vol. 21, p. 23, 1896. 
(Orthotype, Apogonops anomalus Ogilby.) 

Parasphyraenops T. H. BEAN, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 25, p. 124, 1912. 
(Orthotype, Parasphyraenops atrimanus* Bean: U.S.N.M. No. 74085, type.) 


Genus BREPHOSTOMA Alcock 


Brephostoma ALcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6, vol. 4, p. 383, 1889. (Ortho- 
type, Brephostoma carpenteri Alcock.) 


Genus BRINKMANNELLA Parr 


Brinkmannelia Parr, Bull. Bingham Oceanogr. Coll., vol. 3, art. 6, p. 26, fig. 
12,1933. (Genotype, Brinkmannella elongata Parr.) 


U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1940 


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PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION 
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Vol. 88 Washington: 1940 No. 3086 


A CONTRIBUTION TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE 
EUCHARIDAE (HYMENOPTERA: CHALCIDOIDEA) 


By A. B. Ganan 


Tue following notes and descriptions are published principally in 
order to make names available for various species of Eucharidae that 
have been submitted for determination. 


Family EUCHARIDAE 


The family Eucharidae is an extensive one, comprising many of the 
most striking forms to be found in the Chalcidoidea. It is evident. 
that only relatively few of the existing species as yet have been 
described. In view of the many weird and unusual forms to be found 
in the family, one might expect their classification to be an easy matter, 
but such is not the case. Supposed generic distinctions often inter- 
grade, making it difficult to be sure of the correct placement for a 
given species, and specific distinctions are often extremely subtle, 
consisting of slight differences in sculpture that are hard to describe 
and may easily be overlooked. So far as known all the species are 
parasites of Formicoidea or at least associated with ants, and the 
biologies of the few species of which the habits are known are not only 
very interesting but quite complicated. 


Genus EUCHARIS Latreille 
EUCHARIS SCUTELLARIS, new species 
Closely resembles adscendens Fabricius, as that species stands rep- 
resented in the National Museum by specimens identified by Dr. F. 
193254—40-—1 425 


496 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88 


Ruschka, but may be distinguished at once by the rugosely sculptured 
scutellum and the fact that the scutellum is not bidentate at apex. 

Female——Length 6mm. Head and thorax dark metallic green, abdo- 
men mostly black but with the apical margin of second tergite, all of 
third, fourth, and fifth tergites yellow, the two apical tergites black; 
antennae entirely black; legs mostly yellowish testaceous but with 
the femora pitchy black and the coxae concolorous with the thorax; 
tegulae dark brown or blackish; wings nearly uniformly light brown- 
ish, the middle of disk a little paler; venation dark brown. 

Head viewed from in front much broader than high and not nearly 
so wide as thorax; frons and vertex rugosely sculptured; face, cheeks, 
and lower part of temples sparsely punctate; clypeus perfectly 
smooth, its anterior margin very nearly straight; supraclypeal area 
mostly smooth and very indistinctly (sometimes not at all) separated 
from the clypeus; ocelli large, in a very low triangle; ocellocular line 
not longer than the diameter of a lateral ocellus, the area between 
posterior ocellus and eye margin deeply depressed. Mesoscutum and 
axillae smooth and shining but with very fine punctures sparsely 
scattered over the surface; parapsidal grooves sharply impressed, 
complete, and finely foveolated; groove at base of scutellum deep and 
coarsely foveated; scutellum rugoso-punctate, with a deep longi- 
tudinal groove down the middle and a slightly elevated protuberance 
at dorsal apex which is not emarginate, the transverse groove ob- 
scured by the rugose sculpture; metanotum rugose; propodeum 
nearly uniformly rugulose, without carinae, the spiracular furrows 
broad and deep; sides of pronotum strongly rugose; prepectus not 
distinctly separated from pronotum; mesothoracic spiracle plainly 
exposed; mesopleura mostly smooth, with sparse small punctures 
similar to those on mesoscutum but more or less strongly wrinkled 
along the margins and on lower half, the femoral furrow deep and 
with coarse transverse rugae. Anterior coxae rugulosely sculptured, 
the median and posterior pairs nearly smooth; anterior and median 
femora distinctly shorter and thicker than the posterior pair. Ab- 
dominal petiole two and one-half to three times as long as broad, 
rugulosely sculptured above on basal half, smooth on apical half, 
entirely smooth beneath, nearly parallel-sided throughout most of 
its length but rather abruptly narrowed near base, and with a deep 
longitudinal median groove both above and beneath; gaster somewhat 
smaller than the thorax, mostly smooth and polished but with ulti- 
mate and penultimate segments as well as the basal middle of fifth 
tergite, finely punctate. 

Antennal scape, exclusive of radicle, about as broad as long; pedicel 
broader than long; flagellum 8-jointed, not serrate, the apical joints 
usually a little narrower than the basal ones; first funicular joint about 


THE FAMILY EUCHARIDAE—GAHAN 427 


twice as long as broad, thicker at apex than at base; second joint dis- 
tinctly a little longer than broad; third, fourth, fifth, and sixth joints 
barely longer than broad, the seventh very slightly broader than long; 
eighth, or club, joint apparently undivided and one and one-half to 
two times as long as the preceding joint. 

Forewing a little more than two and one-half times as long as broad, 
without marginal cilia and with rather weak discal cilia, the base 
bare; marginal vein very slightly thicker at base than at apex, post- 
marginal vein subobsolete, stigmal vein subtriangular and approxi- 
mately as broad as long. 

Male—Length 5.5 mm. Antennal flagellum 10-jointed, the first 
joint about two and one-half times as long as broad; second to seventh 
joints each approximately twice as long as broad; eighth to tenth 
joints as distinctly separated as the others and each as long as the sev- 
enth joint or only slightly shorter. Abdominal petiole about four 
times as long as broad, about as long as posterior femur and a little 
more slender than in the female; gaster all black, much smaller than 
the thorax with the punctation of the apical three tergites similar to 
that of female but not quite so extensive. Otherwise like the female. 

Type locality —Suigen, Chosen. 

Type—vU.S.N.M. No. 538548. 

Described from 10 females (one holotype) and 11 males (one allo- 
type) reared by C. P. Clausen from cocoons of Formica sp. in June 
1928 under Clausen No. 2300. 


Genus PSILOGASTER Blanchard 
PSILOGASTER ANTENNATUS, new species 


In Ashmead’s key to the genera of Eucharidae,' this species runs 
straight to Pstlogaster, agreeing with all the characters cited except 
that the joints of the funicle are all short, subequal, and subquadrate 
or barely longer than broad, instead of elongate as usual in the genus. 
The club of the antenna is indistinctly divided into three segments by 
very shallow transverse grooves so that the antenna might be said to 
be 13-jointed instead of 11-jointed. If considered to have 13-jointed 
antenna the species would run to Orasema in the key, but it differs from 
typical species of that genus by having the ovipositor very slender 
and entirely devoid of saw-like teeth, by having the abdominal petiole 
longer and much more slender, and by lacking a distinct cross-furrow 
on the scutellum. No representative of Pstlogaster is at hand for com- 
parison, but the species seems to fit best in that genus and accordingly 
is placed there pending a better understanding of the genera. 

Female.—Length 2 mm. Head impunctate, highly polished, black 
with a strong metallic bluish-green tinge on frons, face, and cheeks; 


1Mem. Carnegie Mus., vol. 1, p. 207, 1904. 


498 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88 


thorax rugoso-reticulate, brownish black; antennae entirely, all legs © 
including their coxae and the abdominal petiole pale yellow; all coxae 
and petiole of abdomen smooth; abdomen, except petiole, polished, | 


black; mouth parts pale yellowish, mandibles blackish at apex; wings 
hyaline. Antenna 11-joited; scape subcylindrical, five or six times 
as long as broad, about equal in length to five following joints com- 
bined; pedicel about twice as long as broad; ring joint subquadrate; 


seven joints of funicle subequal and subquadrate or very slightly longer | 
than broad} club not thicker than funicle, very slightly longer than 


two preceding funicle joints together, practically solid but with dis- 
tinct traces of two transverse furrows. Head transverse, much wider 
than thorax, perfectly smooth except for a few very weak and irregu- 


larly transverse lines on the occiput; occiput very slightly concave; 


ocelli in a nearly right-angled triangle, postocellar line distinctly 
shorter than ocellocular line; frons practically without scrobes; 
clypeus polished, nearly twice as wide as long, its anterior mar- 
gin broadly rounded; clypeal foveae and groove distinct but 
very shallow; supraclypeal area not defined, i. e., not limited 
laterally by grooves; malar space a little shorter than length 
of eye; mandibles long and curved, the right with three teeth, 
the left with two. Thorax short, moderately convex, with 
nearly uniform coarse reticulation; pronotum concealed from above} 
parapsidal grooves complete and distinct; scutellum nearly round, 
not especially convex and withott a transverse furrow but with an 
irregular transverse carina in the normal place for the furrow; pro- 
podeum about as long as scutellum and with similar coarse reticulate 
sculpture, without definite median carina and without lateral folds, 
spiracular sulci present but obscured by the rough sculpture; legs 
rather slender, their coxae and femora smooth; forewing normal in 
size, bare from base to a little beyond apex of submarginal vein, mod- 
erately ciliated beyond that point and with a few hairs in the costal 
cell; marginal fringe rather short; veins very slender, the marginal 
vein about half as long as submarginal; stigmal vein very short, post- 
marginal two or three times as long as stigmal. Abdomen including 
the petiole about twice as long as thorax; petiole as long as gaster, very 
slender, and slightly bowed from end to end; gaster triangular in 
lateral profile, perfectly smooth and shining; ovipositor slender, ap- 
parently straight, and without distinct teeth, normally concealed. 

Male.—Length 1.9 mm. Almost indistinguishable from the female 
except by the genitalia. The antennae are very slightly more slender 
with the hairs a little longer. The abdominal petiole is practically 
the same as in the female and the gaster is a very little smaller. 

Type locality Kuala Lumpur, Federal Malay States. 

Type.—U.S.N.M. No. 53549. 


THE FAMILY EUCHARIDAE—GAHAN 429 


Holotype female, allotype male, and 23 paratypes collected by C. P. 
Clausen, at the type locality in February 1930 under Clausen No. 
9439. Also 1 paratype taken at quarantine in Honolulu, Hawaiian 
Islands, May 8, 1931, on Coelogyne sp. from Straits Settlements. 


Genus PARAPSILOGASTER Girault 
PARAPSILOGASTER LAEVICEPS, new species 


I am in some doubt as to the true generic position of this insect. 
The antennae are 12-jointed. The ring joint is entirely absent, and the 
club has three rather distinct although imperfectly separated joints. 
The head is perfectly smooth, the occiput rather deeply concave and 
the angle formed by it with the vertex sharp and margined by a weak 
carina behind and very close to the ocelli. The mandibles are as in 
Orasema. The labial palpi are 3-jointed, as are also the maxillary 
palpi. The pronotum is mostly concealed from above, the mesoscutum 
short, strongly declivous anteriorly and weakly rugulose, with the 
parapsidal grooves deep and complete. The axillae are broadly united 
medially and weakly longitudinally wrinkled. The scutellum has a 
transverse fold at its apical one-third, is perfectly smooth behind the 
fold but irregularly rugulose in front of it, and is entirely without 
processes. The propodeum is about as long as the dorsal aspect of 
scutellum before the fold, mostly smooth, without lateral folds and 
usually without a median carina, the spiracular grooves well defined. 
The legs are slender, their tarsi normal. The abdominal petiole is 
irregularly longitudinally rugulose, about twice as long as the pos- 
terior coxae and not especially slender. The gaster is smooth, strongly 
elevated, its ventral length subequal to the length of petiole, its height 
nearly twice its ventral length. The ovipositor is thick and armed 
with very distinct saws. The wings are normal, the costal cell moder- 
ately broad, the stigmal vein short and sessile, and the postmarginal 
vein weak but longer than stigmal. 

The above characters, except for the smooth head, long abdominal 
petiole, and possibly the number of joints:in the palpi, seem to agree 
fairly well with the characters for Parapsilogaster Girault as given 
by Girault ? and amplified by Ishii. No authentic representatives of 
Parapsilogaster are available for comparison, and it is quite possible 
that this new species may eventually be found to represent a new 
genus. 

Female—Length 2 mm. Head polished, thin anteroposteriorly ; 
ocelli in a very low triangle, almost in a straight line; postocellar 
and ocellocular lines subequal; scrobes distinctly impressed, moder- 
ately deep; clypeus a little broader than long, polished, its anterior 


?Mem. Queensland Mus., vol. 4, p. 232, 1915. 
3 Bull. Imp. Agr. Exp. Stat. (Tokyo), vol. 3, p. 204, 1932. 


430 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88 


margin very strongly convexly rounded; clypeal foveae large and 
deep and the clypeal sutures very distinct; supraclypeal area dis- 
tinctly set off by shallow sutures running from the antennal foramina | 
to the clypeal foveae; labrum with four digits; malar space about | 
equal to the length of eye; eyes bare. Antennal scape clavate, slender | 
at base but becoming thicker toward apex, not quite reaching to an- - 
terior ocellus; pedicel short, cup-shaped; funicle joints from first to » 
last successively decreasing in length, the first about three times as : 
long as broad and about one and one-half times the length of the : 
second, the seventh about as long as broad; club a little longer than | 
the two preceding funicle joints combined, 3-jointed, the sutures : 
usually distinct but not deep. Mesoscutum finely irregularly wrin- » 
kled, its lateral lobes smooth posteriorly; parapsidal grooves deep ) 
and not or very weakly foveolate; sutures separating axillae from | 
scutellum strongly foveated, the carinae separating these foveae con- | 
tinued over the axillae as very fine, widely separated, and more or | 
less parallel and oblique rugae; scutellum longer than broad, dorsally | 
sculptured lke the prescutum, smooth at apex, the transverse fold | 
not deeply impressed; propodeum about as long as posterior coxae, , 
mostly smooth but usually with some obscure reticulation along the» 
basal margin and down the middle, the spiracular sulci not foveated; ; 
pleura mostly smooth and polished. AJl coxae smooth; femora and | 
tibiae moderately slender, without sculpture; basal joint of hind | 
tarsi about as long as the three following joints combined; posterior ° 
tibia apparently with only one spur. Forewing bare basally behind | 
the submarginal vein, this bare area with a triangular extension a | 
little before the middle of wing and reaching approximately half! 
the length of marginal vein, the rest of wing disk rather densely cili- - 
ated; costal cell moderately broad and nearly uniformly ciliated; 
marginal cilia extremely short, almost absent; hind wing uniformly 
ciliated from base to apex and with distinct marginal cilia. Seg- 
ments of gaster apparently not incised medially, all except the first 
short and subequal. Head, thorax, abdomen, and all coxae black, the» 
thorax with a slight bluish tinge and the gaster faintly coppery;; 
femora all dark brown; trochanters, narrow apices of all femora, all’ 
tibiae, all tarsi, the tegulae, and the antennae, yellowish testaceous, , 
the antennal flagellum becoming brownish toward apex; wings | 
hyaline. 

Male.—Unknown. 

Type locality —Peradeniya, Ceylon. 

Type—uvU.S.N.M. No. 53550. 

Type and 3 paratypes taken in the above named locality by C. P. 
Clausen in February 1930 and bearing his number 2435; also 1 speci- 
men taken at the same place July 25, 1913, by an unknown collector. 


THE FAMILY EUCHARIDAE—GAHAN 431 


Genus CHALCURA Kirby 


CHALCURA DEPRIVATA (Walker) 


Thirty specimens comprising both sexes and labeled “Ex Odonto- 
machus haematodes (Linnaeus) ; Peradeniya, Ceylon, February 1930; 
C. P. Clausen collector, No. 2434” have been identified as this species. 


Genus KAPALA Cameron 
KAPALA TERMINALIS Ashmead 


Fifty specimens taken by C. P. Clausen at Hoyo Colorado, Cuba, 
in July and bearing his numbers 2453 and 2451 agree nicely with a 
paratype of this species in the National Museum collection. The 
species was originally described from Cuba, the exact locality not 
stated. Two specimens received from 8. C. Bruner were also taken 
in Cuba, one at Sierra Rangel, Pinar del Rio, and the other at Ma- 
nacas, Santa Clara. One specimen received from G. N. Wolcott, 
taken at Port au Prince, Haiti, in February 1925 seems also to belong 


to this species. 
KAPALA FURCATA (Fabricius) 


Thirteen specimens bearing C. P. Clausen No. 2447, and taken Jan- 
uary 2, 1931, on Barro Colorado Island, Panama Canal Zone, oviposit- 
ing in flower buds, seem to agree with Ashmead’s identification of 
this Fabrician species. Other material in the collection indicates a 
distribution for this species extending from Brazil through Vene- 
zuela, Colombia, Panama, St. Vincent, Grenada, and Mexico to 
Brownsville, Tex. 


Genus SCHIZASPIDIA Westwood 


SCHIZASPIDIA CONVERGENS (Walker), new combination 
Eucharis convergens WALKER, Ann, Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. 6, p. 358, 1860. 


Seven female and fifteen male specimens labeled “ex Odontomachus 
haematodes (L.) ; Peradeniya, Ceylon, February 1930; C. P. Clausen 
collector, No. 2433” seem to agree very well with Walker’s description 
of Eucharis convergens and are believed to be that species. 

This species is obviously very similar to Schizaspidia furcifera 
Westwood, the type species of Schizaspidia, and I believe should be 
referred to that genus. It differs from the description and figures 
of furcifera by having the first jomt of the flagellum in the female 
nearly twice as long as the pedicel, joints 2 to 8 of the flagellum much 
less strongly produced dorsally, the ninth or apical joint very little 
longer than broad and with one more or less obscure constriction, the 
antenna therefore apparently 12-jointed instead of 13-jointed. The 
scutellum is not distinctly longitudinally striated but is shallowly 


432 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 88 


and irregularly rugose with only one or two weak longitudinal rugae 
laterally. 

The species closely resembles antennata, the new species described 
herewith, but differs in the following respects: Flagellar joints in 
the female Jess strongly produced dorsally, the longest tooth being 
much shorter than the length of the segment; ninth flagellar joint 
closely fused with the tenth, often hardly distinguishable, the anten- 
nae therefore often appearing to be only 11-jointed; transverse rugae 
on mesoscutum a little less coarse, the surface of mesoscutum there- 
fore more shining; parapsidal grooves complete but not deeply im- 
pressed and with some of the transverse rugae continuous from the 
middle lobe of mesoscutum onto the scapulae; axillae and scutellum 
not distinctly longitudinally striated but weakly irregularly rugose 
and shining, and the median groove on scutellum broad and shallow; 
scutellar process almost exactly like that of antennata but the apex 
of scutellum beneath the process nearly smooth; propodeum irreg- 
ularly rugulose, more or less shining except laterally; abdominal 
petiole very nearly smooth; second tergite sparsely punctate, the 
punctures most numerous on the sides of tergite; ovipositor slender, 
perfectly straight, and armed with only about three or four very 
weak teeth apically; hypopygium apparently with only five or six 
long hairs at its apex. 

The male differs from the male of antennata by having the first 
flagellar joint without a dorsal tooth, the branches on joints 2-9 
slightly longer and not quite so broadly compressed, the clypeus and 
supraclypeal area polished like the rest of face, mesoscutum with 
the median lobe irregularly transversely rugoso-striate, the rugae 
continuous across the parapsidal grooves onto the scapulae, scutellum 
and axillae not longitudinally striated but, coarsely rugoso-punctate, 
apex of scutellum beneath the apical process and also the propodeum 
strongly rugoso-punctate, abdominal petiole about one and one-half 
times the length of posterior coxae and practically smooth. 

The straight, slender, and weakly toothed ovipositor, when com- 
pared with the strongly curved, thicker, and strongly toothed oviposi- 
tor of antennata, indicates a different method of oviposition and 
suggests the possibility that the two species do not belong in the 
same genus. The ovipositor of convergens is similar to that of at 
least some of the species of Sti/bula but the fact that the flagellar 
joints in the female are serrate, and in the male have long branches, 
at once excludes it from that genus. Its great similarity to antennata 
in all respects, except the ovipositor, constrains me to believe the 
two should be placed in the same genus and that both are congeneric 
with Schizaspidia furcifera Westwood. 


THE FAMILY EUCHARIDAE—GAHAN 433 
SCHIZASPIDIA ANTENNATA, new species 


Agrees very well with the description of furcifera Westwood except 
that in the female the third joint of the antenna is very nearly or 
quite twice as long as the second, the eleventh joint is distinctly sep- 
arated from the twelfth and produced laterally like the preceding 
joints, while the twelfth joint is very short, almost globose, and 
apparently undivided. 

Female—Length 3 mm. Head, thorax, propodeum, and abdom- 
inal petiole dark green; gaster brownish black; antenna dark brown, 
the scape and pedicel paler; coxae all dark brown, rest of legs yel- 
lowish testaceous; tegula testaceous; wings mostly hyaline but with 
a broad indefinitely delimited brownish fuscous band embracing the 
stigmal vein and extending across the wing nearly to the posterior 
margin. 

Head with vertex and occiput transversely striated, upper part of 
frons between scrobe and eye margin with weak longitudinal striae, 
temples weakly longitudinally rugulose, lower part of frons, face, 
clypeus and anterior portion of malar space perfectly smooth and 
polished; malar space a little shorter than eye; ocelli in a slightly 
curved line, the posterior ocellus about twice its own diameter from 
the eye margin. Mesoscutum with complete and widely separated 
parapsidal grooves, its median lobe strongly transversely rugoso- 
striate, the lateral lobes also transversely rugoso-striate border- 
ing the parapsidal grooves but more coarsely and irregularly 
rugose laterally; axillae and scutellum coarsely longitudinally 
striated, the scutellum with a deep median longitudinal groove 
and with the forked process at apex about as long as the scutellum 
itself, this process grooved medially, more or less striated laterally, 
the tines of fork nearly smooth and carinately margined; apex of 
scutellum beneath the process irregularly rugose; propodeum rugose, 
without carinae, and with the spiracular furrows shallow and ob- 
scured by the rough sculpture; pleura mostly rugose but with the 
mesepisternal plate partly smooth. Coxae smooth; femora smooth 
and all moderately slender. Abdominal petiole a little longer than 
posterior coxae, broader at apex than at base and rugulosely sculp- 
tured; gaster smooth, not as large as thorax, the hypopygium at apex 
with about 20 long stiff hairs; ovipositor strongly curved downward 
the dorsal valves each with about 8 distinct transverse ridges or 
teeth. 

Antenna 12-jointed, without a ring joint; scape cylindrical, not 
quite reaching to anterior ocellus; pedicel about as long as broad; 
flagellum strongly serrate, the first flagellar jot about twice as long 
as pedicel and not prolonged into a tooth dorsally; second to ninth 


193254—40——2 


434 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 88 


flagellar joints above at apex each produced into a strong tooth 
which on the middle joints is a little longer than the body of the 
segment; tenth or apical joint nearly globose or a little broader than 
long and apparently not divided. 

Forewing about two and one-half times as long as broad, bare at 
base for a little more than half the length of submarginal vein, this 
bare area prolonged along the posterior margin of wing about to 
apex of submarginal vein; costal cell nearly uniformly ciliated; 
ciliation on disk of wing rather dense; marginal cilia very short, 
absent on apex of wing; stigmal vein about one-fourth as long as 
marginal, postmarginal about half as long as marginal. 

Male.—Length 3 mm. Antennal scape very slightly swollen, ap- 
proximately thrice as long as broad, pedicel a little broader than 
long; first flagellar joint with a cone-shaped dorsal tooth, which is 
about as long as the body of the segment, second to ninth flagellar 
joints each with a much longer and distinctly compressed branch, 
the ones on the fourth and fifth segments longest and about four or 
five times as long as the one on the first segment; tenth joint without 
a branch and about equal in length to the branch on the ninth seg- 
ment. Clypeus and supraclypeal area transversely striated. Median 
lobe of mesoscutum transversely rugoso-striate, the lateral lobes ir- 
regularly rugose with little or no indication of striation; axillae 
rugose; scutellum coarsely longitudinally striate; apex of scutellum 
beneath the apical process more strongly rugoso-punctate than in 
the female; propodeum coarsely rugoso-punctate; abdominal petiole 
about one and one-half times as long as posterior coxa, not broader 
at apex than at base and distinctly rugose. Otherwise like the 
female. 

Type locality—Knuala Lumpur, Federated Malay States. 

Type—vU.S.N.M. No. 53551. 

Described from 4 females and 2 males taken in June 1930 by C. P. 
Clausen and bearing his number 2439. 


Genus STILBULA Spinola 
STILBULA TENUICORNIS (Ashmead), new combination 


Schizaspidia tenuicornis ASHMEAD, Journ. New York Ent. Soc., vol. 12, p. 151, 
1904.—CLausmN, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., vol. 16, p. 215, 1923.—Parkrr, Ann. 
Soc. Ent. France, vol. 93, p. 270, 1924. 

The type of this species, as well as a series of 6 specimens from 
Koiwai, Japan, and 60 specimens from Suigen, Chosen, including 
numerous representatives of both sexes, has been examined. The 
elongate and cylindrical flagellar joints in both sexes, the short and 
bispinose scutellar process, the very narrow costal cell, the very broad 
and deep spiracular grooves on the propodeum, and a distinct hump 


THE FAMILY EUCHARIDAE—GAHAN 435 


or elevation on the propodeum laterad of each spiracle place the 
species in the genus Sti/bula instead of Schizaspidia. In fact, I am 
able to distinguish these specimens from S. cyniformis (Rossi) * 
(type of the genus), as represented by European specimens identified 
by F. Ruschka, only by the fact that the face of the Japanese form 
is more distinctly transversely striated and the coarse punctures con- 
stituting the sculpture of scutellum are somewhat smaller and cor- 
respondingly more numerous than in the European form. These 
differences are not very pronounced, and it seems quite possible that 
8. tenuicornis is merely a geographical race of S. cyniformis. 


STILBULA POLYRACHICIDA (Wheeler and Wheeler), new combination 


Schizaspidia polyrachicida WHEELER and WHEELER, Psyche, vol. 31, p. 49, 1924. 


This species, which is represented in the National Museum by one 
female specimen (the type), apparently belongs in Stilbula. The 
flagellar joints are cylindrical, not serrate, the scutellar process is 
short, the spiracular furrows on propodeum are broad and deep, and 
there is a more or less distinct elevation laterad of the spiracle. 

The species is readily distinguished by a broad, deep, rounded 
pit at the base of the scutellum between the axillae (not on the 
metanotum as stated in the original description). 


STILBULA FLORIDANA (Ashmead), new combination 


Lophyrocera floridana ASHMEAD, Ent. Amer., vol. 3, p. 187, 1888. 


This species is excluded from Lophyrocera by the fact that the pro- 
podeum is without toothlike processes. The only female representa- 
tive of this species in the U. S. National Museum collection lacks the 
head, but the species is so nearly identical with septentrionalis 
(Brues) that it seems safe to assume that the antennae, like those 
of septentrionalis, are not serrate, a character that would also throw 
it out of Lophyrocera. The antennae of the male have the flagellar 
joints long and cylindrical, and the other essential generic characters 
are those of Stilbula. 


STILBULA SEPTENTRIONALIS (Brues), new combination 


Schizaspidia septentrionalis Bruzs, Bull. Wisconsin Nat. Hist. Soe., vol. 5, p. 104, 
1907. 


The type of this species, formerly in the Brooklyn Museum but 
now in the U. S. National Museum, is apparently congeneric with the 


4This species name was emended by Kirby (Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., vol. 12, 
p. 31, 1886) to cynipiformis, and the emendation has been accepted by some subsequent 
authors. The emendation, however, seems equally as incorrectly formed as the original 
spelling, and since any change of the name was unnecessary, I prefer to use the original 
spelling. 


436 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88 


other species here transferred to the genus Sti/bula. It is easily dis- 
tinguished from the other species known to me, except floridana 
(Ashmead), by its different coloration and also by having the pro- 
podeum deeply and broadly hollowed out medially, this median de- 
pression as well as the broad spiracular furrows with coarse transverse 
striae, the surfaces between the median depression and the spiracular 
grooves very prominent and very coarsely rugose. The propodeum 
laterad of the spiracle is not strongly elevated as in some of the 
species. 

The species is very similar to floridana (Ashmead), apparently 
differing only by having the thorax more distinctly and more 
extensively marked with black. 


STILBULA MANIPURENSIS (Clausen), new combination 


Schizaspidia manipurensis CLAUSEN, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, vol. 30, pp. 
80-86, 1928. 

In this species the antennae of both sexes are long and cylindrical, 
the scutellar process is comparatively short, and the costal cell is 
not especially broad. These characters place the species in Stdbula 
instead of Schizaspidia, although the propodeum is without the pro- 
nounced elevations laterad of the spiracles usually characteristic of 
Stilbula. 

The characters pointed out by Clausen for distinguishing this 
species from tenuicornis (Ashmead) will also distinguish it from 
cyniformis (Rossi). The absence of a conspicuous fuscous cloud be- 
low the stigmal vein will also help to distinguish the species. 

The statements “face with fine longitudinal striations, the front 
smooth” in the original description appear to me to be inaccurate. 
Actually that part of the head below the antennae is nearly smooth, 
without any striations but with obscure suberased punctures except 
on the clypeus, which is perfectly smooth, while the frons between 
the scrobe and eye margins is longitudinally rugose. The head 
viewed from in front is only about twice as broad as long. The 
ocelli are very nearly in a straight line. 


Genus ORASEMA Cameron 


This genus was originally described from Panama with Orasema 
stramineipes Cameron as the genotype. The genus apparently is 
confined to North and South America, the West Indies, and the 
Australian region. 

Specific characters consist for the most part of slight differences 
in sculpture, which are hard to define. Color of the legs and an- 
tennal scape and to some extent the degree of metallic coloration 
of the body seem to be significant but must be used with caution. 


THE FAMILY EUCHARIDAE—GAHAN 437 


Because of inadequate descriptions and lack of material, the follow- 


ing 11 described species have been omitted from the key to species: 


wo. 


festiva (Fabricius) from Central America; maculata (Westwood) 


and rapo (Walker) from Brazil; argentina and doellojuradoi Gemig- 
nani from Argentina; costaricensis and sixaloae Wheeler and Wheeler 
from Costa Rica, and emma, gemma, palgravei, and pheidolophaga 
Girault from Australia. 


OU 


KEY TO SOME SPECIES OF ORASEMA 


SB era Cg 2 keira 2 ETS AY EARS ESSE PS 2 OE OCIS J Ee ee) 2 
Mig Lege nia thi Nast al i a a I a el EOE SY 20 

. Abdominal petiole nearly twice as broad as long; prescutum 
anteriorly broadly impressed in middle__-_-_-_-_-____ texana, new species 

Abdominal petiole at least as long as broad; prescutum with- 
out a median“ impression anteriorly222—2": oe eee eee 3 

. Axillae and scapulae dorsally nearly smooth and polished, never 


more than weakly lineolated; mesosternum also mostly 


STO OC AMBEE: SOE LPODILINE CES SPO See he eis eres C0 coloradensis Wheeler 
Axillae and scapulae densely rugulose or punctate, never 
polished; mesosternum usually strongly sculptured_________-_--_____- 4 


. Thorax dorsally with coarse irregular rugose sculpture, never 


with nearly uniform rounded areas or shallow punctures, 

not’ alveolatetass Nien. ee ey es ee ee 5 
Thorax usually with nearly uniform dense shallow rounded 

punctures dorsally, resembling honeycomb, hence alveolately 

sculptured; if not alveolate then sculpture is not coarse 

but finely: rugulo sel See sO ee PEED SEA ELS SECA SE EE 8 


. Mesoscutum coarsely transversely shagreened, the parapsides 


smoother; parapsidal grooves coarsely foveolate, scutellum 

coarsely longitudinally shagreened and with partial longi- 

tudinal striation; petiole longitudinally striate (from origi- 

Nal GESCHPELON 2 oe EER UAT TUE Rares NE a cameroni Howard 
Sculpture not as Above! 4 > see's The SE SE ey 6 


. Antennal flagellum distinctly thicker than pedicel; all femora 


dark fuscous or metallic; head mostly metallic green; dorsum 
of thorax green or if somewhat aeneous the postmarginal vein 

is very poorly developed and scarcely longer than stigmal vein_---_---_-_- ¢ 
Antennal flagellum not thicker than pedicel; all femora pale; 
head and dorsum of thorax uniformly aeneous, only the pleura, 
propodeum, and coxae more or less tinged with green; post- 
marginal vein well developed and half as long as marginal. 

aenea, new species 


. Supraclypeal area nearly twice as long as broad and separated 


from clypeus by only a broad shallow depression; ocellocular 

line a little longer than distance between posterior ocelli; 

cheek fully as long as eye and with a broad shallow depression 

running from eye to base of mandible; scapulae adjacent to 

parapsidal grooves transversely rugose; scape and tegulae 

Metall] ake Oua Ws i PS SS ee ae es tolteca Mann 
Supraclypeal area subquadrate, cut off from clypeus by a deep 

furrow; ocellocular line distinctly shorter than distance be- 

tween the posterior ocelli; cheek hardly as long as eye and 


438 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88 


without a pronounced depression; scapulae not transversely 
rugose; scape and tegulae reddish_-__._______________ violacea Ashmead 
8. Length nearly 5 mm.; antennal groove dilated suddenly at bot- 
tom; pleura with the lower and posterior portion striated; 
coxae closely sculptured (from original description only). 
stramineipes Cameron 
Less than 5 mm. in length and not agreeing otherwise with 
ADOVE: GOSCLI tO 2a Seis ae a ai a 9 
9. Thorax very finely and irregularly rugulose, not distinctly 
alveolately sculptured; hindcoxae very nearly smooth and 
testaceous or fuscotestaceous; scutellum without lateral 
ST OOV ES pera in necked oT ee dail 8 eh A Se 10 
Thorax with distinctly alveolate sculpture; hindcoxae metallic 
and distinctly sculptured at least dorsally; scutellum with 
more orless distinet Jatenal).crooves=.2 +. 4. t ba ne Pe 11 
10. Face very nearly smooth; propodeum more weakly seulptured 
than scutellum and with a delicate median longitudinal carina. 
minutissima Howard 
Face distinctly sculptured, only the clypeus sometimes nearly 
smooth; propodeum more coarsely sculptured than seutellum 
and without median carina. 2142 --+. ath ee smithi Howard 
11. Scutellum with a broad shallow depression down middle and 
with lateral grooves broad, strongly foveated, and nearly 
dorsal; transverse furrow on scutellum also broad and 
strongly foveated; abdominal petiole at least as long as hind- 
COXRG elebetaewl! pA wcek et pe ee EO oe ee 12 
Secutellum without a median depression and with lateral 
grooves less prominent and lower down on sides of scutellum ; 
transverse furrow on scutellum either weak or strong; ab- 
dominal petiole usually shorter but occasionally as long as 
Win COAG saa he es ee eee 14 
12. All femora on basal half or more metallic or strongly infuseated ; 
propodeum with nearly uniform alveolate sculpture overlaid 
medially with some irregular rugulae; supraclypeal area as 
long as broad and equaling or slightly exceeding clypeus in 
era othe ee ae eee beameri, new species 
All femora pale testaceous; propodeum in part alveolately 
sculptured but medially with a somewhat irregular median 
carina separating two rows of shallow pits or foveae; 
supraclypeal area a little shorter than clypeus and a little 


DroadershanWOn eee ee ee ee ee 13 
13. Pits on propodeum large; general color bright brassy green; 
abdomen including petiole brassy green_—_-___--~ aureoviridis, new species 


Pits on propodeum smaller; general color olive-green with the 
propodeum, more or less of pleura, and sutures on dorsum of 
thorax purplish; abdomen including petiole purplish black, 


gaster with strong violaceous tints___----------- simulatrix, new species 
14. All femora testaceous or pale yellowish_~—-~-—~--_+------__------_-_-_- ley 
All femora metallic or at least distinctly infuscated___________________ 16 


15. Abdominal petiole very slightly longer than broad, distinctly 
shorter than hindcoxae; mesepimeron smooth and shining on 
its upper half___--_-------------------------- neomexicana, new species 


16. 


17 


18. 


19. 


20. 


21. 


22. 


23. 


24, 


25. 


26. 


THE FAMILY EUCHARIDAE—GAHAN 439 


Abdominal petiole very nearly twice as long as broad and very 
nearly as long as hindcoxae; mesepimeron wholly opaquely 
SS CUT CUE C leer ea cree renere a earn Sra 0s ae robertsoni, new species 
Supraclypeal area at least as broad as long; clypeal foveae un- 
usually large and deep; abdominal petiole about as broad as 
long, evenly sculptured dorsally and dark bluish in color. 
bakeri, new species 
Supraclypeal area at least a little longer than broad; clypeal 
foveae relatively smaller and much shallower; abdominal 
petiole usually, but not always, distinctly longer than broad, 
often somewhat irregularly sculptured and usually more or 


lesso metallic. Greemet een ss ses i ay See eee Dene ere el 17 
Stigmal vein subquadrate or not much longer than broad___-___________ 18 
Stigmal vein more slender and two or three times as long as broad______ 19 


Abdominal petiole only a little longer than broad; scapulae 
obviously more weakly sculptured and more shining than the 
prescutum; general color blackish aeneous to dark green; 
scape reddish testaceous___-_----~-_--_--_____-- cockerelli, new species 
Abdominal petiole nearly twice as long as broad; scapulae only 
very slightly more weakly sculptured than prescutum; general 
color bright metallic green; scape more or less metallic__ viridis Ashmead 
Color usually bright metallic green tinged with blue or purple, 
but occasionally more or less aeneous__s-__-_________ wheeleri Wheeler 
Dull dark green, almost black with a slight greenish tinge. 
occidentalis Ashmead 
Abdominal petiole longer than posterior femur; scutellum with 


ep OUAI CLEP LCSSL OTe ee eee a eee ate ea an ee Ean ee 26 
Abdominal petiole shorter than posterior femur; scutellum 

without) a) (median) depression 2220s i ier ae ee et 21 
Abdominal petiole barely longer than hindcoxa and with some 

CLES GT CL ca a tea eh in sa NG re go a a eS 22 
Abdominal petiole distinctly longer than hindcoxa and without 

Gistinet, Tongitudinel rue ewes eee eee oe ek cates ae eee le ae eee 23 
Axillae and scapulae smooth or very weakly sculptured and shin- 

ing; general color metallic green____-_____________ coloradensis Wheeler 
Axillae and scapulae strongly sculptured and mat; general color 

Gaia AMC O TIS ee ee a ae ee ee ie minuta Ashmead 
Abdominal petiole very nearly or quite twice as long as posterior 

coxa; clypeal fovea unusually large and deep________ bakeri, new species 
Abdominal petiole not over one and one-half times as long as 

POSLeMOn cosas] = eee ee ee eee eee 24 
Stigmal vein slender and two and one-half to three times as long 

ERS MTD et lise Sa ede le ee ee eg wheeleri Wheeler 
Stizmalsvempbroadenjand, Shorters2= 22) =e eee 25 
Color dark green strongly tinged with aeneous___-_~_ cockerelli, new species 
Color bright bluish green tinged with purplish on coxae and 

Abdomen elee® fe ba vey rh ede eed a De ay SE eS gees viridis Ashmead 
Bright golden green; propodeum medially coarsely pitted and 

with an irregular median carina______________ aureoviridis, new species 


Dark green with a strong aeneous tinge; propodeum finely 
alveolate with a few irregular rugae medially but without 
COATSE DISS. 2 2U ee SO ee ee beameri, new species 


440) PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88 
ORASEMA TEXANA, new species 


This species is distinguishable at once from all others known to me 
by having the abdominal petiole very nearly twice as broad as long 
and by having the middle lobe of the mesoscutum anteriorly broadly 
impressed medially. 

Female—Length 2.9 mm. Head dark metallic green; thorax 
blackish with rather strong metallic tints on the dorsum; abdomen, 
except the petiole, brownish black with strong metallic green and 
bronzy reflections; scape and pedicel pale yellow; flagellum brownish 
black; coxae concolorous with the thorax; femora all fuscometallic on 
basal two-thirds; trochanters, apices of femora, all tibiae, and all 
tarsi pale yellow; wings hyaline, venation yellow. Abdominal petiole, 
propodeum, and pleura dull blackish with only a very slight metallic 
tinge. 

Head alveolately punctate, the alveolae irregular in shape and size 
and on the frons more or less elongate; middle lobe of mesoscutum 
sculptured about like the head; scapulae more weakly and finely retic- 
ulated than the prescutum and each with a shallow impression near 
the inner posterior angle; parapsidal grooves very deep and distinctly 
foveated; scutellum irregularly rugulose, with a shallow depression 
medially a little in front of the transverse fold, the transverse fold 
strong and not distinctly foveated, the lateral grooves very weak and 
inconspicuous; axillae higher than the scutellum and rugulosely sculp- 
tured, not alveolate; metanotum rugose; propodeum very finely and 
rather evenly reticulately sculptured and with a weak median carina, 
the spiracular grooves complete and weakly foveolated; pleura finely 
and nearly uniformly punctate; abdominal petiole and hindcoxae 
finely sculptured; gaster of abdomen smooth and about as large as the 
thorax; second sternite faintly granulose. Dorsal valve of ovipositor 
with nine distinct teeth. 

Antennal scape cylindrical, slightly thickened throughout its length, 
not attaining front ocellus; pedicel globose; flagellum not clavate, very 
slightly thicker than pedicel; ring joint distinct but strongly trans- 
verse; first funicle joint about one and one-half times as long as broad, 
following funicle joints subquadrate; club three-jointed, not thicker 
than funicle and a little longer than two preceding joints. Clypeus 
nearly twice as broad as long, weakly rugulose, its anterior margin not 
straight but slightly convex; clypeal foveae deep and joined by a dis- 
tinct groove; supraclypeal area well defined, nearly twice as broad as 
jong, weakly rugulose, a shining smooth area medially; cheeks a little 
shorter than eyes; ocellocular line about one and one-half times as long 
as the diameter of lateral ocellus and distinctly shorter than distance 
between posterior ocelli. 

Forewings approximately two and one-half times as long as broad, 


THE FAMILY EUCHARIDAE—GAHAN 441 


nearly bare basally and with a bare area on the middle of disk behind 
the basal half of marginal vein; costal cell very sparsely ciliated; 
stigmal vein about two and one-half times as long as broad, slightly 
oblique; postmarginal vein weak and distinctly less than half as long 
as marginal. 

Type locality.—Denison, Tex. 

Type.—vU.S.N.M. No. 53552. 

Described from 1 female collected in sweeping by L. D. Christenson, 
August 26, 1937. 

ORASEMA COLORADENSIS Wheeler 


Orasema coloradensis (Ashmead) WHEELER, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 23, 
p. 12, 1907. 

Orasema coloradensis, a manuscript name of Ashmead, was first 
published by W. M. Wheeler, who gave a figure and a short description 
of the species. The name should therefore be credited to Wheeler and 
not to Ashmead. 

According to Wheeler, specimens were taken at Manitou, Broad- 
moor, and Colorado Springs, Colo. In the U. S. National Museum 
collection are three specimens from Colorado, one of which bears the 
name label in Ashmead’s handwriting, and this specimen had been 
entered in the type catalog as the type of the species. It cannot be 
the type, however, since it, as well as two other Colorado specimens in 
the collection, named by Ashmead, was collected by C. F. Baker, and 
there is no evidence to indicate that it was ever seen by Wheeler. 
There are apparently no Wheeler collected specimens of the species in 
the National Museum, hence no type material. The Baker specimens 
are believed to be the same species, however, and the following descrip- 
tive notes on the species are taken from them. 

This brilhantly metallic-green species with testaceous scape, tegulae, 
tibiae, and tarsi is rather easily recognized because of the unusually 
weakly sculptured dorsum of the thorax. The axillae dorsally, the 
scapulae dorsally, the posterior portion of prescutum, and to a large 
extent the dorsum of scutellum are smooth or only very weakly 
sculptured, usually shining, and often highly metallic green. The 
prescutum anteriorly, scapulae laterally, axillae on the sides, and the 
base and sides of scutellum are finely and irregularly rugulose. The 
parapsidal grooves, sutures between axillae and scutellum, and the 
transverse furrow on scutellum are deep and distinctly foveated. 

The female has the head nearly uniformly rugulose and highly me- 
tallic green, wider than the thorax. The postocellar line is longer 
than the ocellocular line, the latter about equal to twice the diameter of 
a lateral ocellus. The malar space is a little shorter than the eye, 
flattened but not depressed down the middle. The clypeus is broader 
than long, its anterior margin nearly straight. The supraclypeal area 

19325440 _—-3 


442 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 88 


is quadrate or a little broader than long, well defined, the clypeal su- 
ture complete and the clypeal fovea rather broad and deep. The an- 
tennal scape is subcylindrical, rather short and slightly thicker than 
usual; the pedicel is about as long as broad, the ring joint is trans- 
verse, the first funicle joint is about one and one-half times as long 
as broad and the following joints of funicle are subquadrate. The 
club is 3-jointed, no thicker than the funicle and somewhat longer 
than the two preceding joints. The pronotum behind the head is 
practically smooth, while lateraily it is weakly rugulose. The pleura 
are rugulosely sculptured but the mesosternum, posteriorly at least, is 
polished. The propodeum is rather strongly rugulose, without cari- 
nae but frequently with some more prominent rugae medially which 
at times may suggest a median carina. The coxae are weakly sculp- 
tured, almost smooth. The abdominal petiole is a little shorter than 
the posterior coxae, about one and one-half times as long as broad 
and rugosely sculptured. The gaster is smooth and polished. The 
forewing is rather densely ciliated, sparsely but distinctly so basally, 
the costal cell nearly uniformly ciliated. 

The male is like the female except that the funicle joints are usually 
somewhat longer, the lateral ocelli are not quite twice their own 
diameters from the eye margins, the abdominal petiole is a little longer 
than the hindcoxae, approximately three times as long as broad, and 
the gaster is much smaller than in the female. 

Remarks.—No information is available regarding the three speci- 
mens already mentioned as having been identified by Ashmead. They 
bear labels exactly similar to those used on all Baker’s Colorado ma- 
terial and reading “Colo. 799” and “Colo. 778.” In Baker’s note- 
book entries under these numbers refer to Lepidoptera and Coleoptera 
collected in Michigan and Ohio. It is impossible therefore to trace 
the history of these specimens. 

Twenty-one additional specimens of the species found unidentified 
in the Baker collection were all collected in the neighborhood of Fort 
‘Collins, Colo., and 3 specimens from the same collection were taken 
at Opelousas, La. Other specimens studied include: 1 taken on Bige- 
lovia at Albuquerque, N. Mex., August 16, 1895, by T. D. A. Cockerell ; 
1 from Wades and 2 from San Diego, Tex., taken by E. A. Schwarz; 
1 from Cimarron, Kans.; 1 from Beloit, Iowa, collected by G. O. Hen- 
derson, July 25, 1928; 46 swept by J. C. Bridwell from Stylosanthus 
at Barcroft, Va., July 5, 1931; 6 taken at Bladensburg, Md.; and 1 
collected by Ashmead in eastern Florida. 

The specimens from the Eastern States are very slightly smaller 
and not quite so brilliantly metallic as those from the Western, the 
dorsum of the thorax usually appearing very slightly more distinctly 
sculptured. At most these differences seem to be of not more than 
varietal significance. 


THE FAMILY EUCHARIDAE—-GAHAN 443 


ORASEMA CAMERONI Howard 
Orasema cameroni Howarp, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., vol. 26 (1896), 
p. 133, 1897. 
No representative of this West Indian species has been studied, and 
it is placed in the key entirely on the basis of the original description. 


ORASEMA AENEA, new species 


Female.—Length 3.75 mm. Head and thorax strongly aeneous; 
pleura, propodeum, and all coxae more or less metallic green mixed 
with cupreous; abdomen varying from mostly fuscotestaceous with 
a metallic tinge to mostly metallic green, usually more or less brown- 
ish testaceous basally becoming darker toward apex, but occasionally 
almost entirely metallic green; mandibles, scape, pedicel, tegulae, and 
legs, except their coxae, testaceous; antennal flagellum black; eyes 
and ocelli reddish; wings hyaline, venation brownish testaceous. 

Head and thorax strongly sculptured, the vertex, mesoscutum, axil- 
lae and scutellum rugoso-punctate without any alveolate punctures; 
punctation of head below vertex, mesopleura, and coxae finer and 
more or less alveolate; metanotum rugose; propodeum medially and 
along its anterior and posterior margins rugose, the remainder of its 
surface, except in the rather broad and deep spiracular grooves, finely 
alveolately sculptured; abdominal petiole rugoso-punctate and 
usually with about three longitudinal rugae medially; gaster entirely 
polished. 

Antenna long and slender, not clavate; scape not quite attaining 
anterior ocellus; pedicel about as broad as long; ring joint transverse ; 
flagellum not thicker than pedicel, its joints all longer than broad, 
the first joint about twice as long as broad, the second subequal to 
first, and the following joints successively decreasing slightly in 
length. 

Head, viewed from in front, broader than long; malar space sub- 
equal to the height of eye, with a shallow longitudinal depression; 
clypeus broader than long, uniformly sculptured, clypeal foveae deep; 
supraclypeal area a little longer than broad, about as long as clypeus 
and similarly sculptured; ocellocular line shorter than postocellar 
line; lateral ocellus about twice its diameter from eye margin. Scu- 
tellum with a shallow depression medially, without distinct grooves 
on the sides and with the transverse fold often obscured by the rough 
sculpture; mesepimeron with its dorsal half, except for a small area 
on its lower margin, sculptured like the lower half. 

Forewing behind submarginal vein not entirely bare; costal cell 
with numerous nearly uniformly distributed cilia; stigmal vein 
longer than broad; postmarginal vein fully half as long as marginal. 

Abdominal petiole about one and one-fourth times as long as 
broad, distinctly shorter than hindcoxa. 


444 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 88 


Male—Unknown. 

Type locality —Loreto Experiment Station, Missiones, Argentina. 

Type.—vU.S.N.M. No. 585538. 

Described from 15 female specimens received from A. A. Ogloblin 
and said to have been taken ovipositing in young leaves of [lea para- 
guariensis (“Yerba mate”). 


ORASEMA TOLTECA Mann 


Orasema tolteca Mann, Psyche, vol. 21, p. 183, 1914. 

This unusually large species, the type of which measures over 4 mm. 
in length, is metallic green in color with the head mostly metallic 
green with a strong aeneous tinge on frons and face, the thorax metallic 
green but strongly aeneous dorsally as well as on the pleura, the coxae 
ereen, the femora dark metallic except apically, and the abdomen pol- 
ished bluish green. The antennal scape is metallic and the flagellum 
black. The tegulae are metallic green. The legs except their femora 
are reddish testaceous, and the wings hyaline. 

The sculpture of frons and face is distinctly alveolate while that of 
vertex, occiput, and temples is more irregular. The clypeus is prac- 
tically smooth and polished, its anterior margin straight. The supra- 
clypeal area is nearly twice as long as broad, indistinctly separated 
from the clypeus by a depression but not a furrow, its surface dis- 
tinctly sculptured but more weakly so than the frons. The malar space 
is a little longer than the height of the eye, and there is a broad shallow 
depression extending from the eye margin to the base of mandible. 
The ocellocular line is distinctly a little longer than the distance be- 
tween the posterior ocelli. The antennal fiagellum is distinctly thicker 
than the short pedicel, not thicker apically than basally, its first seg- 
ment about twice as long as broad, the following segments successively 
decreasing slightly in length, the last three subequal and each about as 
long as broad. The mesoscutum is strongly rugoso-punctate, the 
parapsidal grooves deep and foveolate, and the scapulae along their 
inner margins transversely striated. The scutellum and axillae are 
rugoso-punctate, the scutellum with a broad shallow depression medi- 
ally and with a distinct transverse fold before the apex but without 
distinct lateral grooves. The propodeum is longer than the hind 
coxae, nearly uniformly rugeso-punctate, but with a shallow depres- 
sion along its anterior margin, this depression divided by a short longi- 
tudinal carina on the median line and crossed by numerous more or 
less longitudinally directed rugae. 'The mesepimeron is sculptured on 
its upper half as well as on the lower half. The abdominal petiole, 
viewed from above, is about twice as broad as long, as long as hind 
coxa, margined by a longitudinal carina on each side, and very weakly 
sculptured dorsally. The gaster is rather large, smooth and polished. 
The second sternite is polished with its apical suture foveated. 


THE FAMILY EUCHARIDAE—GAHAN 445 


Male.—Not seen. 

Remarks.—Redescribed from the type, a female from San Miguel, 
Hidalgo, Mexico, in the collection of Dr. W. M. Mann. According 
to the original description the type was taken in a nest of Pheidole 
waslitt var. acolhua Wheeler. A single female from the C. F. Baker 
collection agrees with the above description except that it is somewhat 
smaller and nearly uniformly bright metallic green in color with only 
a very slight aeneous tinge on dorsum of thorax. Baker’s notebook 
shows this specimen to have been swept from alfalfa at Tucson, Ariz., 
April 11, 1896, by Dr. R. C. Kinze. 


ORASEMA VIOLACEA Ashmead 
Orasema violacea ASHMEAD, Ent. Amer., vol. 3, p. 187, 1888. 


This species is strongly and irregularly rugose, without any alveo- 
late areas. The head is a little broader than the thorax, nearly uni- 
formly rugosely sculptured, concave posteriorly, with the temples 
strongly receding. The lateral ocelli are a little less than twice their 
own diameter from the eye margin and a little farther from each 
other than from the eye. 

Eyes obviously a little longer than malar space, the latter without 
a longitudinal depression; clypeus broader than long, uniformly 
rugulose, its anterior margin straight; supraclypeal area fully as 
broad as long, sculptured like clypeus and separated from it by a 
deep transverse groove; clypeal foveae deep. Antennal scape a little 
thickened, subcylindrical, not reaching to level of front ocellus; pedi- 
cel nearly globular; funicle joints a little thicker than pedicel, the 
first joint about twice as long as broad, second about two-thirds as 
long as first, following funicle joints subquadrate; club obscurely 
3-jointed and a little longer than last two funicle joints. Pronotum 
behind head weakly rugulose; remainder of thorax laterally as well 
as dorsally strongly sculptured, the prescutum and scapulae poste- 
riorly, axillae dorsally and scutellum in front of cross furrow more 
coarsely rugose than elsewhere; scutellum behind the cross furrow 
strongly sculptured but not quite so strongly as before it; propodeum 
nearly uniformly rugoso-punctate, without lateral folds and without 
a median carina, the spiracular sulci complete. Forewing sparsely 
ciliated basally, closely ciliated beyond apex of submarginal vein; 
stigmal vein a little longer than broad; postmarginal vein more 
slender than marginal and approximately one-half as long as mar- 
ginal. Abdominal petiole about as long as hind coaxe, about one and 
one-half times as long as broad, rugosely sculptured; gaster smaller 
than thorax, mostly smooth but the basal segment (second segment 
of abdomen) weakly rugulose over a large part of its dorsum; second 
sternite apparently smooth. 


446 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88 


Head, thorax, and propodeum green, the frons and face laterally 
strongly tinted with purplish; scape brownish testaceous, flagellum 
blackish; coxae concolorous with thorax; all femora dark brown with 
strong metallic-green reflections; tibae and tarsi testaceous; abdomi- 
nal petiole dark greenish; gaster strongly violaceous with the basal 
segment bright metallic green above; wings hyaline. 

Redescribed from the type, a female from eastern Florida. 


ORASEMA STRAMINEIPES Cameron 


Orasema stramineipes CAMERON, Biologia Centrali-Americana, vol. 1, p. 105, 
pl. 6, figs. 18, a, b, ¢, d, e, 1884. 

Orasema flavipes Cameron, Biologia Centrali-Amercana, vol. 15) ple) oy sigs: 
20, a, b, c, 1884. 

In the description of stramineipes Cameron refers to figures on 
plates 5 and 6. On plate 5 the figures cited are referred to the name 
flavipes, while those on plate 6 are referred to stramineipes. The 
name flavipes is evidently a lapsus calami and should be considered 
a synonym of stramineipes. 

This species, which is the genotype, was originally described from 
Panama. It is not represented in the National Museum collection 
and is placed in the key solely on the basis of the original description. 


ORASEMA MINUTISSIMA Howard 


Orasema minutissima Howarp, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., vol. 25, p. 84, 
1894. 

This unusually small species has the head and thorax bluish green, 
this color on face and underside of thorax more or less diluted 
with testaceous. The abdomen is blackish, also diluted with testa- 
ceous and with a slight metallic tinge in some lights. The antennae, 
tegulae, and all the legs, including their coxae, are testaceous, the 
flagellum of antennae and the coxae sometimes more or less fuscous. 
The wings are hyaline. 

The sculpture of head and thorax is comparatively weak, consisting 
of shallow more or less irregularly shaped areas, which are not quite 
uniform in size and shape and hence not so distinctly alveolate as in 
most of the following species. The scutellum has the transverse 
fold very weak or subobsolete, and the usual lateral grooves are ab- 
sent. The propodeum is weakly sculptured and has a very delicate 
median longitudinal carina. The coxae are practically sculptureless. 
The abdominal petiole is about as long as the hind coxae and weakly 
sculptured. The stigmal vein is barely longer than broad and the 
postmarginal fully half as long as marginal. 

Four female paratypes of this species from the island of St. Vin- 
cent are in the collection of the U. S. National Museum. There are 
also two females taken at Mina Carlota, in the Trinidad Mountains 


THE FAMILY EUCHARIDAE—GAHAN 447 


of Cuba, in the same collection. The latter specimens were collected 
sn association with Wasmannia auropunctata Roget by W. M. Mann 
in 1917. 

ORASEMA SMITHI Howard 


Orasema smithi Howarp, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., vol. 26 (1896), p. 
134, 1897. 

Seven specimens believed to be this species were taken by C. P. 
Clausen in July 1931 at Hoyo Colorado, Cuba, and bear his note num- 
ber 2452. One specimen of the same species is in the National col- 
lection, taken on the island of St. Vincent, West Indies, by H. H. 
Smith, and one other specimen that appears to be identical was col- 
lected at Virginia Beach, Va., by E. S. G. Titus. The type of the 
species, which was from the island of Grenada, is in the British 
Museum and has not been seen, this identification being based 
entirely upon the description. 

The sculpture of the thorax in this species is a mixture of alveolate 
punctures and fine irregular rugulae, which gives to the surface a 
somewhat less distinctly alveolate appearance than have the following 
species. The clypeus is more weakly sculptured than the rest of face, 
somewhat shining, and its anterior margin is not straight but slightly 
convex. The flagellar joints are all longer than broad and not 
thicker than the pedicel. The scutellum in most of the specimens has 
a very slight depression medially and in all of them the usual longi- 
tudinal grooves on the sides are absent. The transverse fold on 
scutellum is present but weak. The dorsal half of mesepimeron is 
smooth. The abdominal petiole is more than twice as long as broad 
and about as long as the hind coxa. The stigmal vein is longer than 
broad, the postmarginal less than half as long as the marginal, and 
the costal cell is about as strongly ciliated as is the disk of the wing. 


ORASEMA BEAMERI, new species 


Female-—Length 2.75 mm. Agreeing with the description of 
aureoviridis except in the following particulars: A little duller 
metallic green, with the strong brassy tints more uniform on head 
and thorax; basal half to two-thirds of all femora dark fuscous with 
2 metallic-green tint; apical tergite polished; flagellum very little 
thicker toward apex than at base; clypeus nearly uniformly finely 
sculptured, usually not entirely smooth anteriorly; supraclypeal area 
a little longer than broad, as long as clypeus; propodeum usually 
with some irregular rugae medially overlying the alveolate sculpture 
but without a median carina or, if with a semblance of one, this is not 
flanked by rows of pits or foveae; costal cell with about 20 to 25 
discal cilia; postmarginal vein more than twice as long as stigmal 
vein. 


448 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM voL. 88 


Male.—Length 2.3 mm. Agreeing with the description of the male 
of aureoviridis except that the scutellum is somewhat less strongly 
sculptured, the axillae and scapulae are also more uniformly finely 
alveolate, the abdominal petiole is nearly three times as long as hind 
coxa, the antennal scape and the pedicel are dark metallic, and all of 
the femora are metallic with their apices narrowly testaceous. The 
supraclypeal area is usually a little longer than broad as in the 
female. 

Type locality —Ridgway, Colo. 

Type.—U.S.N.M. No. 53554. 

Described from 16 females and 7 males collected in the type locality 
by R. H. Beamer, July 1, 1937. The holotype, allotype, and 10 
paratypes are retained in the U. S. National Museum collection. 
Eleven paratypes, including representatives of both sexes, are being 
returned to the University of Kansas collection. The species is named 
for the collector. 

ORASEMA AUREOVIRIDIS, new species 


This species differs from most other species of the genus known to 
me by having on the propodeum two longitudinal rows of large, 
shallow foveae that are separated by a more or less sinuate median 
longitudinal carina. The scutellum dorsally is unusually strongly 
margined on each side by coarsely foveated and broad longitudinal 
grooves, which extend from the base of the scutellum to the trans- 
verse fold or furrow, which is likewise unusually strongly developed, 
and there is also a shallow depression down the middle of the scutel- 
lum. The antennal flagellum is more distinctly clavate than usual 
and the funicle joints, except the first and second, are broader than 
long. 

Female-—Length 3 mm. Bright metallic green with brassy tints; 
flagellum black; scape, pedicel, mandibles, tegulae, and all legs except 
their coxae pale testaceous; wings hyaline, venation yellowish. 

Head and thorax with nearly uniform, strong, alveolate puncta- 
tion; parapsidal grooves and sutures at base of scutellum coarsely 
foveated and median depression on scutellum usually with a few 
irregularly transverse rugae; coxae distinctly sculptured but more 
weakly so than thorax; abdominal petiole with fine alveolate puncta- 
tion; second sternite as well as the rest of gaster polished; apical 
tergite faintly reticulately sculptured. 

Antenna rather short; scape cylindrical, not reaching to level of 
anterior ocellus; pedicel a little longer than broad; ring joint strongly 
transverse; flagellum slightly increasing in thickness from base to 
near apex; first joint of funicle about one and one-half times as long 
as broad and about as broad as pedicel, second joint subquadrate, third 


THE FAMILY EUCHARIDAE—GAHAN 449 


joint a little broader than long, fourth and following joints shorter, 
the seventh about twice as broad as long; club indistinctly 3-jointed 
and a little longer than two preceding funicle joints. Head strongly 
transverse; occiput broadly but not deeply concave; ocelli in an obtuse 
triangle; postocellar line a little longer than ocellocular line; lateral 
ocellus about twice its own diameter from eye margin; eyes bare; 
malar space about equal to the eye in length, with a distinct broad, 
shallow depression running from eye to base of mandible; clypeus 
broader than long, less strongly punctate than rest of face, quite smooth 
anteriorly, its anterior margin straight; clypeal foveae and sutures 
deep ; supraclypeal area defined by deep lateral grooves, a little broader 
than long, shorter than clypeus, and sculptured about like base of 
clypeus. Thorax moderately robust; scutellum at apex protruding 
over the metanotum; propodeum slightly shorter than scutellum basad 
of the transverse fold, strongly alveolately punctate over its whole 
surface, without lateral folds but with deep and strongly foveated 
spiracular sulci and more or less strongly foveated along its basal 
margin, the middle of propodeum slightly flattened or depressed and 
divided by a sinuate median longitudinal carina from which originate 
several irregularly transverse rugae to form, on each side of the carina, 
a series of rather large shallow irregularly shaped areas or foveae. 
Legs moderately stout, the anterior femora a little swollen; posterior 
tibiae each with two distinct spurs, the inner spurs the longest. Fore- 
wing rather weakly ciliated, bare basally, the costal cell with only 
four or five cilia; marginal vein a little more than half as long as sub- 
marginal, stigmal vein short, a little curved at apex, postmarginal 
about twice as long as stigmal. Abdominal petiole a little longer than 
posterior coxae, evenly and rather finely alveolate, without any rugae; 
ventral margin of gaster a little longer than petiole; dorsal segments 
not emarginate. 

Male—Length 2.5 mm. Antennae short, the flagellum thick; first 
funicle jomt not longer than broad, following joints all distinctly 
broader than long; scutellum rugulose, the alveolate sculpture largely 
replaced by irregular rugae; scapulae anteriorly and axillae dorsally 
also irregularly rugulose; abdominal petiole about two and one- 
half times as long as hind coxae; much longer than ventral 
margin of gaster, the gaster much smaller than in female; pedicel 
of antenna and posterior femora more or less metallic. Otherwise 
like the female. 

Type locality —Uvalde, Tex. 

Type.—vU.S.N.M. No. 53555. 

Two females (1 holotype) and 2 males collected by A. W. Lind- 
quist, May 2 to 22, 1933, under Bishopp No. 20031. 


450 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88 
ORASEMA SIMULATRIX, new species 


Female—Length 3.5 mm. Apparently agrees in every respect 
with the description of aureoviridis except in the following partic- 
ulars: Antennae very slightly less distinctly clavate; propodeum 
more evenly alveolately punctured, less distinctly flattened medially, 
with the pits or foveae on each side of the median carina much 
smaller; costal cell of forewing with approximately 20 weak discal 
cilia; color of head and thorax dull dark green, without conspicuous 
brassy tints; propodeum dull blackish with a distinct purplish tinge; 
pleura in part, apex of scutellum and the thoracic sutures tinged with 
purplish; gaster purplish black with an aeneous tinge, its first seg- 
ment (second tergite) mostly metallic green; coxae green; femora, 
tibiae, and tarsi yellowish testaceous as are also the mandibles, scape, 
pedicel, and tegulae; flagellum blackish brown; wings hyaline. 

Type locality —Oracle, Ariz. 

Type—vU.S.N.M. No. 53556. 

Described from 1 female specimen collected by Hubbard and 
Schwarz at Oracle, Ariz., July 14, 1898. 


ORASEMA NEOMEXICANA, new species 


Female——Length 2.6 mm. Differs from the description of robert- 
soni, besides in the smaller size, by having the abdominal petiole very 
little, if any, longer than broad, the postocellar line obviously longer 
than the ocellocular line, the lateral ocellus about twice its own diam- 
eter from the eye margin, none of the flagellar joints except the first 
longer than broad, the supraclypeal area polished medially and sepa- 
rated from clypeus by a shallow but distinct groove connecting the 
clypeal foveae, the upper half of mesepimeron smooth, the scutellum 
a little less convex dorsally and with its lateral carinae not quite so 
far below the dorsum. The color is as in robertsoné except that the 
mesoscutum and scutellum are more strongly tinged with coppery 
and the antennal scape and the femora are not washed with metallic. 

Male—Unknown. 

Type locality—San Augustine Ranch, at eastern base of Organ 
Mountains, N. Mex. 

Type.—vU.S.N.M. No. 53557. 

Described from 3 females collected by T. D. A. Cockerell and bear- 
ing his numbers 2163, 2265, and 2268. Also 1 female taken by Cock- 
erell at Albuquerque, N. Mex., on Guiterrezia. A female collected by 
W. M. Mann at Las Parras, Baja California, in October 1923 seems 
to agree with the types except that the abdominal petiole is fully one 
and one-half times as long as broad. 


THE FAMILY EUCHARIDAE—GAHAN A5l 
ORASEMA ROBERTSONI, new species 


Similar to viridis Ashmead but differs by having the femora all 
testaceous instead of green, the head and thorax dark green instead 
of bright green, and the mesepimeron completely sculptured instead 
of smooth on its upper half. 

Female.—Length 3.25 mm. Dark olive-green, the mesoscutum and 
scutellum dorsally faintly aeneous; antennal scape and legs, except 
coxae, testaceous, the scape and femora slightly washed with metallic; 
pedicel and flagellum brownish black; coxae and abdominal petiole 
concolorous with thorax; gaster metallic green; wings hyaline. 
Head, thorax, propodeum, coxae outwardly, abdominal petiole, and 
the second sternite with nearly uniform fine alveolate punctation; 
gaster mostly polished. Antennal scape cylindrical, reaching to level 
of lower margin of front ocellus; pedicel a little longer than broad; 
flagellum a little thicker than pedicel, not at all clavate; ring joint 
very small and inconspicuous; first funicle joint not quite twice as 
long as broad, following joints successively diminishing slightly in 
length, the seventh joint subquadrate; club very slightly longer than 
two preceding joints. Head as wide as thorax, slightly concave 
behind; ocelli in a low triangle; postocellar line slightly longer than 
ocellocular; lateral ocellus a little more than twice its own diameter 
from eye margin; antennal scrobe shallow; malar space very nearly 
as long as eye, slightly flattened or very weakly depressed for its 
whole length; clypeus uniformly sculptured but a little less strongly 
so than the rest of face, about as long as wide at apex, its anterior 
margin nearly straight; supraclypeal area defined laterally by deep 
grooves but not distinctly separated from clypeus, the usual suture 
connecting the clypeal fovea nearly obsolete. Parapsidal grooves deep 
and weakly foveated; scutellum high, convexly rounded dorsally, 
weakly margined low down on the sides and with a deep transverse 
groove before the apex; propodeum with deep and coarsely foveated 
spiracular sulci and with some small foveae along the basal margin 
but without lateral folds or median carina. Legs normal. Forewing 
weakly ciliated, bare basally, the costal cell very nearly or quite bare; 
marginal vein more than half as long as submarginal; postmarginal 
vein about one-third as long as marginal, stigmal vein short and 
slightly oblique. Abdominal petiole as long as hind coxa, about twice 
as long as broad; gaster a little smaller than thorax, its base beneath 
(second sternite) sculptured like the petiole and the two apical 
tergites very weakly shagreened, the rest smooth and polished; ovi- 
positor not exserted. 

Male-—Unknown. 

Type locality —Southern Florida. 

Type.—U.S.N.M. No. 53558. 


452 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88 


Described from 2 female specimens collected by Charles Robertson 
and bearing his numbers 12716 and 12754, respectively. The speci- 
men bearing No. 12716 is the holotype. 


ORASEMA BAKERI, new species 


This species is not easily distinguished from viridis and cockerelli, 
but it differs from both by having the supraclypeal area as broad as 
long and the clypeal foveae unusually large and deep. The abdomi- 
nal petiole is distinctly shorter than in viridis and the color is much 
less distinctly aeneous than in cockerelli. The shorter and more 
evenly sculptured petiole, the larger and deeper clypeal foveae, and 
slight differences in color and sculpture are all that distinguish it 
from wheeler. 

Female.—Length 3.25 mm. Head and thorax dark green in color 
with a slight brassy tinge, stronger on the face; scape reddish testa- 
ceous, pedicel fuscotestaceous, flagellum brownish black; coxae 
concolorous with thorax; femora all dark fuscometallic; trochanters, 
apices of femora more or less, all tibiae, and all tarsi reddish tes- 
taceous; tegulae brownish; propodeum and abdominal petiole dark 
bluish green, sometimes with a purplish tinge; gaster shining dark 
green; wings hyaline, venation yellowish. 

Head with alveolate sculpture, the alveolae on face, frons, and 
temples irregular in shape and somewhat coarser than on vertex; 
dorsum of thorax sculptured like the head, the posterior portion of 
prescutum, the axillae dorsally, and the scutellum dorsally with very 
fine, nearly round, alveolae; the anterior portion of prescutum and 
the scapulae with the alveolae more irregular in shape and those on 
scapulae distinctly shallower than on prescutum; transverse fold on 
scutellum present but not distinctly foveated, the lateral grooves 
distinct and weakly foveated; propodeum very finely alveolately 
punctate, with some foveae along the anterior margin, but without 
carinae, the spiracular grooves deep and complete and weakly 
foveated; pleura nearly uniformly finely alveolate, with the prepec- 
toral triangle not sharply margined anteriorly; coxae distinctly sculp- 
tured; abdominal petiole about as long as broad and evenly alveolate 
like propodeum; second sternite as well as rest of gaster smooth. 

Head viewed from in front broader than long, about in the propor- 
tion of 50 to 40; clypeus distinctly broader than long, its anterior 
margin very nearly straight; clypeal foveae very broad and deep; 
supraclypeal area well defined, separated from clypeus by a deep 
depression connecting the clypeal foveae, at least as broad as long 
and usually a little broader than long; malar space very nearly as 
long as eye, flattened but without a distinct longitudinal depression ; 
ocellocular line nearly equal to the distance between posterior ocelli 
and a little more than twice as long as the long diameter of a lateral 


| 
| 


THE FAMILY EUCHARIDAE—GAHAN 453 


ocellus. Antennal scape cylindrical, not quite reaching the level of 
lower margin of front ocellus; pedicel as broad as long; ring joint 
minute; flagellum a little broader than pedicel, not clavate; first 
funicle joint not quite twice as long as broad, following joints sub- 
equal and subquadrate; club indistinctly 3-jointed and a little longer 
than the two preceding joints combined. 

Forewings about two and one-third times as long as broad, bare 
basally and with a bare area medially behind the marginal vein; 
costal cell with a few weak cilia; stigmal vein approximately two and 
one-half times as long as broad and nearly perpendicular to the 
marginal vein; postmarginal vein less than half as long as marginal. 

Male.—Length 2.6 mm. Scape dark, more or less metallic; flagellar 
joints distinctly thicker than pedicel; seventh funicle joint very 
slightly broader than long; abdominal pedicel very nearly twice as 
long as hind coxa. Otherwise like the female except much more 
slender. 

Type locality —F ort Collins, Colo. 

Type.—U.S.N.M. No. 53559. 

Described from 10 females and 2 males. The holotype, allotype, 
and 7 female paratypes bear C. F. Baker collection No. 1563 and 
according to his notes were taken in miscellaneous sweepings at Fort 
Collins, Colo., June 13, 1895. One paratype female with Baker No. 
1086 was taken at Fort Collins in June on wild-parsnip bloom. One 
male was taken by Baker at Pagosa Springs, Colo., and a single 
female was collected by Hubbard and Schwarz at Oracle, Ariz., June 


7, 1898. 
GCRASEMA COCKERELLI, new species 


Differs from wheeleri by having the stigmal vein shorter and not 
so slender, by having the abdominal petiole slightly shorter, and by 
its darker color which, however, varies from aeneous black to dis- 
tinctly green with an aeneous tinge. From viridis it can be separated 
only by the slightly shorter petiole, the nonmetallic scape, and the 
somewhat darker color of head and thorax. 

Female—Length 2.4 mm. <Aeneous black with a slight greenish 
tinge; flagellum black; scape, apices of femora more or less, all tibiae, 
and all tarsi testaceous; abdomen brownish black; wings hyaline, 
venation and tegulae brownish testaceous. Antenna weakly clavate; 
scape cylindrical, not quite reaching front ocellus; pedicel about as 
long as broad; funicle a little thicker than pedicel; first funicle joint 
nearly twice as long as broad, second very slightly longer than broad, 
following joints subquadrate, the seventh a little broader than long; 
club a little longer than two preceding joints, rather sharp at apex. 
Head alveolately sculptured, the alveolae on frons and face a little 
compressed; postocellar line longer than ocellocular, lateral ocellus 


454 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vOL. 88 


a little more than twice its own diameter from eye margin; malar — 


space a little shorter than eye; clypeus very finely rugulose, its an- 
terior margin straight; supraclypeal area longer than broad, polished 
medially below. Thorax alveolately punctate, the sculpture on scapu- 
lae a little weaker than on prescutum; parapsidal grooves and sutures 
at base of scutellum weakly foveated; scutellum without a median 
depression, the transverse furrow and lateral grooves weakly foveo- 
late; propodeum evenly alveolate, without carinae, the spiracular sulci 
and posterior margins of propodeum foveated; pleura sculptured like 
dorsum, except that the upper half of mesepimeron and the meta- 
pleura are for the most part smooth. Wings weakly ciliated, bare 
basally and in the costal cell; stigmal vein short, about as broad as 
long. Coxae outwardly sculptured like pleura. Abdominal petiole 
very little longer than broad and finely punctate; gaster smaller 
than thorax, smooth; second sternite not seen. 

Male.—Length 2.2 mm. More slender than the female; flagellum 
a little longer, the funicle joints after the first very slightly longer than 
broad ; lateral ocellus not over twice its own diameter from eye margin; 
abdominal petiole about four times as long as broad, about one and 
one-half times as long as hindcoxae; gaster much smaller than thorax. 
Scape metallic; head and thorax strongly tinted with coppery. Other- 
wise like the female. 

Type locality —Al|buquerque, N. Mex. 

Type.—U.S.N.M. No. 53560. 

Described from 3 females (one holotype) and 5 males (one allotype) 
collected by T. D. A. Cockerell, August 16, 1895, on Bigelovia. Two 
of these females numbered 4613 and 4614, respectively, and two males 
numbered 4611 are considerably greener in color than the holotype 
and allotype but otherwise seem to be the same. 

In addition to the above series, the collection contains 2 specimens 
swept by C. N. Ainslie at Sioux City, Iowa; 1 specimen taken by H. C. 
Knutson, August 7, 1934, in Iowa (Co. 43); 12 specimens collected by 
C. F. Baker at Fort Collins, Colo., by miscellaneous sweepings in June 
1894 and June 1895; and 1 specimen collected by E. A. Schwarz in the 
Santa Rita Mountains in Arizona in July (71898). One female taken 
at Belen, N. Mex., August 19, 1927, by P. A. Readio, and 1 female from 
Barton County, Kans., collected by S. G. Hunter were also identified 
as this species and returned to the University of Kansas. All these 
specimens may be considered paratypes. 


ORASEMA VIRIDIS Ashmead 
Orasema viridis ASHMEAD, Proc. California Acad. Sci., vol. 5, p. 553, 1895. 


Orasema viridis was originally described from one specimen col- 
lected in Tepic, Mexico. The type is believed to have been destroyed 


THE FAMILY EUCHARIDAE—GAHAN 455 


in the San Francisco earthquake and fire. Five specimens in the U.S. 
National Museum, collected in Pinery Canyon, Chiricahua Mountains, 
Cochise County, Ariz., July 26, 1919, by Dr. Witmer Stone, seem to 
agree perfectly with Ashmead’s brief description of viridis and are 
taken to be representatives of that species. 

The same collection contains two small series of specimens identified 
by Ashmead as viridis that appear to agree with the above-mentioned 
specimens except that they have a longer and more slender stigmal vein 
and the scape of the female is usually yellowish instead of metallic. 
These characters are the only ones by which I am able to separate what 
I believe to be viridis from wheeleri Wheeler, and consequently I have 
transferred both series of specimens to the latter species (see remarks 
on wheeleri). 

Orasema viridis, as represented by the five specimens already men- 
tioned, is very similar to neomexicana, new species, but is readily dis- 
tinguished from that species by the metallic-colored femora and scape. 
It differs from cockerelli, new species, by having the petiole of the 
female more slender and obviously longer than broad, by having the 
scape metallic, and by its distinct green color. From occidentalis Ash- 
mead it can be distinguished by the strongly sculptured second sternite, 
the shorter stigmal vein, and its brighter green color. 

The head, thorax, propodeum, and abdominal petiole are nearly 
uniformly alveolately punctate with only the clypeus, metapleura, 
and upper half of mesepimeron somewhat more weakly sculptured. 
The hindcoxae are sculptured above, smooth beneath. The clypeal 
margin is very nearly straight and the separation between clypeus 
and supraclypeal area is indistinct, being merely a broad shallow 
depression. The scutellum is without a median depression but the 
transverse groove is distinct as are also the lateral grooves. The 
wings are hyaline with the stigmal vein about one and one-half times 
as long as thick and not especially slender, the postmarginal vein 
weak but distinctly longer than the stigmal and the costal cell is 
sparsely hairy. The antennal flagellum is a little thicker than the 
pedicel, its first funicle joint about twice as long as the pedicel and 
about one and one-half times as long as broad, the following funicle 
joints subquadrate. 

The male is like the female except that the antennae are very 
slightly longer, the abdominal petiole is about one and one-third 
times the length of hind coxa and the gaster is smaller. 

Besides the 5 specimens from Cochise County, Ariz., there is 1 
female in the U. S. National Museum collected in the Huachuca 
Mountains, Ariz., a gift of the Brooklyn Museum and bearing their 
catalog number 320. 


456 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88 


ORASEMA WHEELERI Wheeler 


Orasema wheeleri WHEELER, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 23, p. 14, 1907. 
Orasema viridis WHEELER (not Ashmead), Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 23, 
pp. 2-12, 1907. 

According to Wheeler, a single female that he collected at Fort 
Davis, Tex., July 14, 1902, in a nest of Pheidole ceres Wheeler was 
submitted to Ashmead for identification. Ashmead identified it as 
a new species, which he proposed to call wheelert but never published 
the name. In 1907 Wheeler published a short account of the species 
in which he compared it with viridis, and he is therefore responsible 
for the name. Wheeler’s description consists merely of the following 
statements: “It measures 2.7 mm. and closely resembles O. viridis, 
especially in the shape of scutellum and epinotum but the thorax 
is broader and stouter. The last pupal envelope, like that of viridis, 
is without pustules, though it has strong intersegemental welts in the 
abdominal region.” 

The U. 8. National Museum possesses one female specimen, which 
according to the labels was taken by W. M. Wheeler at Fort Davis, 
Tex., June 11, 1902, in the nest of Pheidole carbonaria Pergande. 
This specimen bears the name label in Ashmead’s handwriting and is 
believed to be the specimen referred to by Wheeler despite the dis- 
crepancies in the date and host. Wheeler states definitely that only 
one adult, and that a female, was secured. The discrepancy in date 
may perhaps be accounted for by assuming that the date on the 
specimen is that on which it was collected as a pupa, while the date 
used by Wheeler was the date of appearance of the adult. The dif- 
ference between the host label and Wheeler’s statement regarding the 
host may represent a revised identification of the host material. 

This supposed type specimen seems not to be distinguishable from 
two small series of specimens identified by Ashmead as O. viridis 
and believed to be representatives of the material upon which 
Wheeler based his remarks concerning the species wvzdis in the above- 
cited article. One of these series, comprising seven specimens, labeled 
simply Austin, Tex., is believed to be the material that Wheeler 
states was identified for him by Ashmead as O. viridis and that 
formed the basis, in part at least, for his account of the habits of 
viridis. The other series of four specimens is from San Diego, Tex., 
and is probably the material collected by KE. A. Schwarz and errone- 
ously referred to by Wheeler as having been the basis of the original 
description of viridis. The supposed type specimen is less strongly 
bluish green than most of the specimens constituting the two series 
referred to, its prescutum, scutellum, and axillae being dull aeneous, 
but there appear to be no structural differences of any kind, and, 
since at least one or two of the San Diego specimens are very nearly 


THE FAMILY EUCHARIDAE—GAHAN 457 


identical with the type in color and the whole lot shows a distinct 
gradation from the one color to the other, I believe they are all one 
species. The type specimen was collected as a pupa and the adult 
reared out in the laboratory which may very well account for its 
somewhat abnormal color. 

As thus constituted, O. wheeleri is not easily distinguishable from 
what I believe to be true viridis Ashmead. In wheeleri the stigmal 
vein is slender and about two and one-half to three times as long as 
broad, while in vzridis it is a little thicker and apparently about one 
and one-half times as long as broad. In wheeleri the scape of the 
female is pale testaceous, while in viridis the scape in both, sexes is 
more or less metallic. These differences are not very striking and 
apparently subject to some variation so that it is not always easy 
to decide to which species a given specimen belongs. It is not 
improbable that future investigations may show that the differences 
are merely racial or varietal characteristics and not specific 
characters. 

In addition to the material already mentioned, the U. S. National 
Museum collection contains the following specimens collected at Fort 
Collins, Colo., by C. F. Baker: 2 specimens under No. 2121 taken on 
Eriogonum effusunm, August 12, 1896; 2 specimens under No. 1596 
taken on Lriogonwm, August 12, 1895; 1 specimen under No. 1604, 
also on E’vriogonwm, August 20, 1895; and 1 specimen under No. 13873, 
taken in August 1894. 


ORASEMA OCCIDENTALIS Ashmead 
Orasema occidentalis ASHMEAD, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, vol. 2, p. 355, 1892. 


I can distinguish this species from wheeleri only by the much 
darker (blackish green) color. The second sternite appears to be 
smooth and polished instead of more or less distinctly punctate. The 
abdominal petiole is only very slightly longer than broad. The head 
and thorax are finely and deeply alveolately punctate, this sculpture 
on scutellum overlaid with very fine longitudinally directed rugulae. 

The material examined comprises only the type, a single female, 
taken in Los Angeles County, Calif. 


ORASEMA MINUTA Ashmead 
Orasema minuta ASHMEAD, Ent. Amer., vol. 3, p. 185, 1888. 


Orasema minutia was described from one specimen taken at Jack- 
sonville, Fla., and said by Ashmead to have been a male. This type 
specimen, which is in the U. S. National Museum collection, has lost 
the gaster, so that it is impossible now to be sure of its sex. The 
abdominal petiole, which is still intact and which is about as long as 
the hind coxae, appears rather short when compared to that of other 


458 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou, 88 


males, but it is more slender than that of most females, and it there- 
fore appears likely that Ashmead was correct as to the sex of the 
type. 

The antenna is rather long with the funicle joints all longer than 
broad (missing beyond the sixth funicle joint), slightly broader than 
the pedicel and more distinctly separated than usual. The clypeus 
is sculptured about like the rest of the face, its anterior margin 
slightly convex, the clypeal foveae and lateral sutures rather shallow. 
The supraclypeal area is separated from the clypeus by a shallow 
depression, not a suture, and the lateral sutures are also shallow and 
indistinct. The ocellocular line is about twice as long as the diameter 
of an ocellus and distinctly shorter than the line between posterior 
ocelli. The sculpture of head and thorax is alveolate but somewhat 
irregularly so. The scutellum is rather narrow, much longer than 
broad, with a distinct transverse groove and weak lateral grooves. 
The mesepimeron is sculptured on upper half about as on lower half. 
The propodeum is very finely alveolately sculptured with some weak 
rugulae medially. The hind coxae are alveolately sculptured dor- 
sally. The abdominal petiole is very slightly longer than the hind- 
coxae and rugosely sculptured with about four longitudinal rugae. 
The stigmal vein is longer than broad and the postmarginal is very 
slightly longer than the stigmal. The color is very nearly black but 
tinged with bronze on dorsum of thorax. The scape, tibiae, and 
tarsi are all testaceous, the femora strongly infuscated. 

Notes from the type. 


U.S, GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1940 


i a BEY ie 
Hy ae i 
ai ) ak 


xi iO ly 
BNE 


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~ PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION 
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Vol. 88 Washington: 1940 No. 3087 


A REVIEW OF THE PARASITIC CRUSTACEA OF THE 
GENUS ARGULUS IN THE COLLECTIONS OF THE 
UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM? 


By O. Lioyp MrrHean 


Tue copepods of the family Argulidae, popularly known as fish- 
lice, are of economic importance in that they cause serious depreda- 
tions on fish populations of confined environments. Whole pools 
and lakes have been depopulated as a result of their attacks. On the 
other hand, under ordinary conditions these animals may be very 
inconspicuous with their depressed bodies flattened tightly against 
those of their hosts. They inhabit the gill cavities, the edges of the 
eyes, the base of the fins, and other tender portions of the fish’s body. 

Wilson (1902) first brought together the literature and descrip- 
tions of American and other species. Since that time he has described 
a number of species in various periodicals, and many other descrip- 
tions of new species have accumulated. At the present time, how- 
ever, it is with great difficulty that a specimen may be identified unless 
one is familiar with all the species. Usually it is necessary to have 
an adult male to be positive of correct identification. Meanwhile, 
already known species are being redescribed as new because of the 
meagerness and incompleteness of the original descriptions. It is 
hoped that by the use of this paper identification may be facilitated, 
and it is the intention to bring the literature and knowledge of 
American species together. 


1 Published by permission of the U. S. Commissioner of Fisheries, 
201701—40——1 459 


460 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM ° vob. 88 


The argulids in the United States National Museum have been 
examined, as well as some from other sources. In cases where 
synonymy was suspected, specimens of both species were examined 
before any decision was made. Dr. Waldo L. Schmitt and Clarence 
R. Shoemaker, of the staff at the Museum, were more than kind in 
their efforts to facilitate the completion of the work. The latter was 
especially helpful in the final preparation of the manuscript. The 
American Museum of Natural History lent me the type specimen of 
Argulus ingens for study. Dr. C. B. Wilson gave considerable assist- 
ance in many ways, including the loan of specimens of A. japonicus. 
Examples of this same species were sent to me from Japan by Dr. T. 
Tokioka, of the Mitsui Institute of Marine Biology, and by Dr. 
Watanabe, College of Fisheries, Hakodate, Japan. Dr. A. S. Pearse 
lent me a number of specimens. The Bass Biological Station at 
Englewood, Fla., lent me specimens of A. varians for comparative 
purposes, and specimens were received from one or two other sources. 

One new species, Argulus floridensis, is here described. 'The types 
have been deposited in the collections of the National Museum. 


MORPHOLOGY 


For the purpose of description, it is necessary to designate the 
appendages by name, but there is some confusion in the literature in 
regard to the proper nomenclature. It is felt therefore that some 
premise should be made for the application of the names used here. 

Considerable controversy surrounds the occurrence of a pair of 
appendages in the proboscis. Claus (1875) expressed the view that 
the other pair of “appendages” in the proboscis were maxillae. Wil- 
son supports him in this. Grobben (1908) made dissections and cross 
sections of the proboscis and showed that the so-called appendages 
were really outgrowths of the lower lip and could not be true append- 
ages. Martin (1932) studied the development of the embryo and 
found no maxillae in the proboscis, but there was a pair of outgrowths 
on the lower lip with hollow spines on them, which she called labial 
spines. 

In some instances it seems that the true mandibles have been con- 
fused with maxillae. Shortly before ecdysis the exoskeleton 
loosens, leaving the mandible on the inside. In such a case one struc- 
ture is the exact duplicate of the other. This is common on mature 
specimens. An examination of cleared and other specimens from a 
number of species has shown that Grobben and Martin are probably 
correct, since no maxillae could be found. Labial spines are almost 
always seen, sometimes projecting from the opening of the buccal 
cavity. 


REVIEW OF GENUS ARGULUS—MEEHEAN 461 


Martin has shown that the development of the buccal cavity is 
from the basal segments of the mandibles and the lower and upper 
lips. Reason indicates that the maxillae would have to develop be- 
tween the upper and the lower lip in order to be in the proboscis. 
This would be contrary to maxillary development in other Crustacea 
where the maxillae lie behind the under lip. On the Caligoidea the 
first maxillae are near the base and lateral to the second antennae, 
and the second maxillae are at the sides of the suctorial tube. 

Scott and Scott (1918) state that in copepods the various append- 
ages develop in regular order and in the parasitic forms may then de- 
generate. These appendages include two pairs of maxillae and a pair 
of maxillipeds. No one has shown in a satisfactory manner that all 
these ever occur on argulids. On the basis of the above evidence it 
was decided that the two pairs of appendages between the mandibles 
and the first swimming legs should be called maxillae, with only the 
mandibles in the buccal cavity. 

Among the argulids the body is depressed, as a result of adaptation 
to their parasitic existence on the external surface or in the gill cavi- 
ties of fishes. The carapace (fig. 21, 6) is composed of lateral lobes 
or alae, which originate as folds of the posterior region of the cepha- 
lon and are fused to the dorsal surface of the first segment of the 
thorax. Dorsally the cephalon proper is separated from the first 
thoracic segment by a transverse groove. Extending obliquely from 
this groove on each side is a ridge, which sets off the cephalic area 
and more distally extends outward on the carapace as a groove 
ending at the edge in a slight sinus. 

Extending forward from the transverse groove on the middorsal 
surface of the carapace is a pair of ridges lying close together, the 
dorsal ridges, which pass between the eyes and end some distance 
forward. They may either be parallel or bow toward each other 
just posterior to the eyes and away from each other just ahead of 
the eyes. A median “nauplius eye” may be seen between the ridges 
just anterior to a transverse groove or ridge some distance posterior 
to the compound eyes. On two American fresh-water species the 
dorsal ridges are branched at the anterior end; others are simple. 

The alae extend backward over the thorax, leaving a sinus that 
exposes the three free thoracic segments between them. These lobes 
may extend to the third swimming legs or far enough back partially 
to cover the abdomen. They may partly close the sinus by overlapping 
slightly, as on some species where the alae extend over the abdomen, 
or they may flare out leaving the sides of the sinus diverging. 

The abdomen is unsegmented and bilobed at the posterior end, 
forming the anal sinus. The anus is found at the base of this sinus, 
while somewhere along the inner edges is a pair of anal furcae. 


462 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you. 88 


Jirst antenna 


second arenna 


¢ 7 aS eye 
| preoral sting 


Te suction Cup 


i respiratory Areas 


Ss UX 2 
Ns ro second maxilla 


/ ) 


iV Proboscls 


\ 
y { yi 
py 


bLasa/ plate 


thoracie appendage 


natatory lobe 


pw DD DM, 
yr Dy. testes 


abaomen 
a 
anterror hook 
Jirst antenna 
nauplius ee lateral hook 


cephalic area 


second antenna DO 


6 mesial spine 


Cc 


Figurn 21.—a, Argulus japonicus, male, ventral view; b, same, dorsal view; c, antennae 
of Argulus pugettensis. 


REVIEW OF GENUS ARGULUS—MEEHEAN 463 


On the ventral side the various appendages can be seen (fig. 21, a). 
On the anterior end of the body are two pairs of antennae. The 
first segment of the anterior pair is chitinized, sometimes with a 
spine at the base. The second segment is enlarged and prolonged 
into a lateral hook. On the anterior surface of the hook there may 
be a fingerlike prolongation with or without another anterior hook. 
In a few instances this may be a mere knob or almost missing. Often 
there is also a ventral spine on the posterior surface of the hook 
mesial to the base of the flagellum which extends to about the length 
of the lateral hook (fig. 21, ¢). 

On the second antennae the proximal segments are enlarged, usu- 
ally with a spine at the base. The distal segments are slenderer 
and considerably longer than those of the first antennae. Near the 
midline of the body just posterior to the antennae is another pair 
of spines, the postantennal spines. AlIl these spines will be used in 
identification. 

According to Martin (1932) the spine sometimes seen on the in- 
terior of the lateral hook will become the exoskeleton after ecdysis. 
The end of the hook is perforated with a gradually widening canal 
leading back to a chitin-lined sac thrown into many folds with a large 
number of chitinous hairs. It is probably gustatory in function. 

In the longitudinal groove running forward mesially between the 
antennae is a preoral sting, which is retractile into a sheath and at the 
base of which is a poison gland. Posterior to this sting is the 
proboscis, which also lies in the groove when at rest but which is 
erected at right angles to the body when functioning. It is a 
cylindrical bulbous structure somewhat larger in size than the sting 
and carries the true mouth. The framework is of chitinous bars, 
which enclose the buccal cavity and extend into the proboscis. 

The buccal cavity is formed by the delicate upper lip and the more 
bulbous lower lip. The anterior portion of the buccal cavity contains 
a pair of swellings ending in hollow spines, the labial spines. They 
come in contact with the host first. Martin has shown that very 
early in embryonic life these develop from the lower lip. 

The mandibles project from the sides and are completely enclosed by 
the buccal cavity when at rest. The basal segments of the mandibles 
assist in the formation of the proboscis in a very early embryonic 
stage by fusion of the distal portions of the basal segments with the 
lips. In this way the upper and lower lips form the dorsal and 
ventral walls, and the mandibles the lateral walls, of the buccal 
cavity. 

The suction cups, or so-called sucking disks, develop from the 
maxillae on each side of the preoral sting. They have a flat rim 
covered by a chitinous exoskeleton with thickenings like ribs radiating 


464 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL, 88 


outward. These ribs are variously broken up into segments, which 
are more or less characteristic for a given species. They may be a 
series of long or short rods (fig. 26, c), segments simulating imbricate 
plates (fig. 27, a), or an elongate segment followed by a series of 
overlapping plates (fig. 22, 6). The number of plates in the ribs 
varies only slightly for a given species. They will be used for identi- 
fication purposes. 

The next pair of appendages constitutes the second maxillae. They 
have a triangular plate on the basal segment, which is divided pos- 
teriorly into three teeth or lobes (fig. 26, a). The shape of these is 
more or less constant for the species. On each side of the midline 
of the body at the base of this appendage is a pair of spines, and 
posterior to it, just ahead of the first thoracic appendage, is a second 
pair. These two pairs of postmaxillary spines will be used along 
with the teeth of the basal plate to aid in identification. These ap- 
pendages are considered maxillae because they occur ahead of the 
tranverse groove separating the head and thorax and have an excretory 
gland, the so-called maxillary gland at their base, and because no 
maxillae are found in the buccal cavity as sometimes stated. 

The four pairs of thoracic appendages are made up of a protopod, 
composed of the precoxa, coxa, and basis, and of two rami, the exopod 
and endopod. The precoxa is very small in most species, but on a 
few with long appendages it becomes sizable. The two anterior 
pairs may have a flagellum extending mesially from its point of 
origin (fig. 88, d) on the dorsal side at the base of the exopod. 

On the female the thoracic appendages may be modified by having 
a slight chitinous ridge armed with setae on the posterior ventral 
surface of the coxa. Almost every species has a boot-shaped or 
rounded natatory lobe extending from the posterior of the coxa of 
the last appendage. On the male it may or may not be the same size 
and shape as that of the female of the same species. 

On the male the second, third, and fourth appendages are modified 
for copulation. These specific modifications have hitherto been used 
as practically the only positive means of identification. On the 
ventral posterior axis of the second appendage is usually found a 
bilobed prominence extending the full length of the coxa. It may 
be variously modified or be entirely lacking. This structure is usually 
covered with chitinous spines, which are very often truncate. 

Typically the coxa or basis of the third appendage is modified on 
posterior surface by the formation of the socket (fig. 32, c), the so- 
called “semen capsule” or “semen pocket” of many authors. This is 
formed by a fold of tissue from the posterior or ventral side of the 
appendage turned toward the dorsum to produce a pocket. From 
the ventral side it appears as a rounded or oblong lobe projecting 
backward and overlaps the “peg” on the next appendage. From 


REVIEW OF GENUS ARGULUS—MEEHEAN 465 


above, the opening is oblong or round and approximately the length 
of the fold, usually with two elongate papillae forming a groove per- 
pendicular to the axis of the appendage and directed toward the open- 
ing. The opening is shaped and placed according to the structure and 
shape of the peg on the next appendage. 

On the interior of the pocket are three folds, of which the median 
one is modified for the accommodation of the size of the pocket to 
fit the peg and according to the size of the appendage of the female 
that is clasped by this apparatus. There are other types of sockets, 
which will be described in connection with the species concerned. 

The peg on the fourth appendage is located on the distal edge of 
the anterior surface of the basis near the base of the exopod (fig. 34, d). 
It is variously shaped according to the species. Generally it is some 
variation of a pear-shaped structure with a narrow tip turned later- 
ally. On the proximal side and ventrally there is a chitinous ridge 
around the base of the peg extending obliquely across the appendage. 
It may be covered with very short spines or entirely unarmed. 

The peg and socket apparatus is used entirely as a clasping medium. 
The last appendage of the female is clasped from the dorsal side, 
and the peg is fitted in the socket, which is enabled to accommodate 
itself by the folds already described. The accessory organs on the 
other appendages assist in this process. The abdomen of the male is 
twisted around that of the female first on one side, then on the other, 
so that the ejaculatory duct, located ventrally between the legs at the 
posterior end of the thorax, is brought directly in contact with the 
spermathecae of the female. These are located on the under side of 
the abdomen close to the thorax. 

The testes are a pair of elongate bodies lying on each side of the 
midline in the abdomen. In the female the ovaries le in the thorax 
and the spermathecae appear as small rounded bodies in the anterior 
end of the abdomen, often with a pair of tactile papillae projecting 
posteriorly from near the opening. 

Two respiratory areas are located on the ventral surface of the 
carapace lateral to the body. The smaller of these may be anterior 
to the larger or may be mesial to and partially surrounded by it. 
Their function is considered as respiratory, because it has been found 
that there are blood sinuses under them limited by a single layer of 
hypodermal cells. In most instances these areas have a character- 
istic shape for a given species. 

The anterior portion of the carapace and a portion of the lateral 
edges are flattened to fit against the body of the fish. These portions 
are armed with small spines directed posteriorly. ‘The various ventral 
portions of the body of the animal that may come in contact with the 
body of the fish are also armed in the same manner. 


466 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 88 | 


CHARACTERS USED IN IDENTIFICATION 


In a previous paper (Meehean, 1937) it was mentioned that many 
of the specific characters used at present for identification are variable 
in nature. Consequently positive identification is not possible unless 
mature male specimens are available. For the same reason it is dif- 
ficult for persons unfamiliar with the actual specimens to know posi- 
tively whether the species has been described if only the females are 
at hand. Therefore, it is felt that it would be of value to have some 
method for identification based upon characters that are more or less 
constant and that can be used for both sexes. A study of the speci- 
mens in the National Museum has shown that certain characters or 
combinations of characters can be used for this purpose and has in- 
dicated that some species are synonymous with others already de- 
scribed when the characters are fitted to them. So far there has been 
only one exception to the reliability of the characters selected, and it 
concerns a foreign species of which a more thorough study will be 
made later when other data are available. 

The characters utilized are suitable for all the American fresh-water 
and salt-water forms. The most important of these are the respira- 
tory areas. Wilson has said many times that they are specific, yet 
many descriptions have failed not only to figure them but even to 
mention them. In a few instances they are very similar in closely 
related species but are always slightly different and when combined 
with other characters serve to separate the species. Such examples 
are maculosus and versicolor. As the characteristic shapes are dif- 
ficult to describe, they are figured for each species. 

The segments making up the ribs on the rim of the suction cups 
are also specific. Although there is slight variation in the number 
of segments, the formation is very characteristic. In only two species 
examined was there any great difference in this respect. The male 
of pugettensis has a smaller number of segments than the female, 
with a basal segment of a different type. However, one vial con- 
taining immature specimens had females with typical segments like 
the male and stages between the two. Since these chitinous thick- 
enings are known to develop at points of great stress, the difference 
in the two sexes might be attributed to the fact that the male is 
much smaller than the female and would probably develop fewer 
segments. In other instances there is some similarity in the seg- 
mentation, but when combined with other characters it loses its 
significance. 

The antennae have characteristic appearances for some species 
and in many instances help in the identification. The number of 
spines, the character of their arrangement, and whether a spine or 
hook is found on the anterior surface of the first antennae are all of 
assistance. 


| 


REVIEW OF GENUS ARGULUS—MEEHEAN 467 


On the second maxillae the teeth of the basal plate and the two 
pairs near the midventral line of the body may be characteristic 
in shape, size, or number. 

Finally, the presence or absence of flagella on the swimming ap- 
pendages, the shape of the swimming lobes on the posterior of the 
fourth appendages of the female, and other more variable characters 
may be used at times. 

The maximum size as reported for each sex is given. Mature speci- 
mens of either sex within a species may vary considerably in this 
respect, and the sex difference may be great or small. Relative body 
proportions are not a reliable index for specific determination, since 
the proportions may change according to size, age, and stage of 
development. In a general way they do hold for sex comparisons; 
that is, the carapace may extend farther posteriorly on the male, or 
the length and width of abdomen or its shape may be different on the 
two sexes, etc., but on the whole they cannot be relied upon to estab- 
lish specific identification. Color has been used in many instances, 
but it too cannot be depended upon as the sole basis or even in combi- 
nation with proportional measurements for specific determination. 
All species are American fresh-water forms unless otherwise desig- 
nated. All figures used are from camera lucida drawings of specimens 
in the National Museum and from the types where practicable. 


SYNONYMY 


Certain of the species listed in the literature have proved to be 
synonymous when studied according to the characters outlined for 
specific indentification. A. biramosus Bere (1931) is identical with 
appendiculosus Wilson (1907). Any differences are merely a mat- 
ter of size. A. ingens Wilson (1912b) is the same as nobilis Thiele 
(1904), as previously stated by Wilson (1924), but there seems to be 
no reason for maintaining a variety as he has done. A. canadensis 
Wilson (1916) is the same as A. stizostethii Kellicott (1880). There 
are no flagella on the latter, contrary to Wilson (1902), and he failed 
to note the complete respiratory area. 

The male of A. niger has never been described, since it is the same 
as pugettensis except that the former is very dark, as its name 
indicates. 

Vial 77810 (old number 60589) in the National Museum contains a 
male labeled pugettensis that is entirely different from the described 
male of that species and is from Key West, while the species has 
always been reported on hosts indigenous to the Pacific coast. This 
specimen has been given the new name flortdens?s. It was collected 
by A. E. Verrill and dated 1884. 

201701402 


468 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88 


Specimens labeled A. megalops var. spinosus in the Museum are 
not different from the regular species except that they are lighter 
in color; hence the spinous under portion of the body is more con- 
spicuous. Color seems too variable to use in establishing differences. 
A. varians, recently described by Bere from females, is similar to 
A. megalops except for the great variation in the size of the carapace. 
Four specimens from the Bass Biological Laboratory show these 
gradations well. 

The male of A. Zatus Smith (1873) has never been reported be- 
cause it is identical with funduli Kr¢yer (1864) so far as the available 
specimens are concerned. 

A. maculosus has been redescribed because no specimen was found 
to match the original description. The species was figured as hav- 
ing the characters of americanus. It was established on the basis of 
color. However, there are actual specimens of a species that may 
be considered as representing maculosus. As the types in the Na- 
tional Museum proved to be americanus, it is necessary to designate 
new types for maculosus. 

A. piperatus Wilson (1920a) is identical with males of A. flavescens 
Wilson (1916), as described by Mueller (1936) and as collected by 
myself in Florida. A. paulensis is apparently the same as A. salminei, 
although no specimens of the latter are at hand. 

Specimens of A. japonicus collected by Dr. Pearse in Japan and 
those sent me from that country proved to be identical with A. 
trilineatus, thus invalidating another species. There are, therefore, 
21 North American, 2 South American, 2 Siamese, and 1 African 
species available for study in the Museum. These include all the 
North American species except some undescribed ones that Dr. Wilson 
has at the present time. 

It is suggested that the key be used in combination with the figures 
of the respiratory areas in order that identification be accurate. 
The other figures may also be used to advantage, especially those of 
the male accessory copulatory organs. 


DEVELOPMENT 


Larval stages have been described for A. foliaceus, a European 
species, and for A. funduli, A. megalops, A. americanus, A. maculosus, 
A. catostomi, and A. stizostethii from this country. More recently 
T. Tokioka (1936b) has given a very good account of A. japonicus, 
which is also common in this country. Martin (1932) described the 
development of the proboscis from the early embryos of A. viridis 
in England. A generalized description of larval development is 
somewhat as follows: 


REVIEW OF GENUS ARGULUS—MEEHEAN 469 


The eggs are laid on a hard substratum in single or multiple rows 
and are arranged end to end or at slight angles to each other. As 
they are laid they are coated with a gelatinous substance that hardens 
on contact with the water, forming ridges, lumps, or wrinkles over the 
surface of each egg and is firmly attached to the eggs and substratum. 

Batches of 30 up to 500 or 600 may be laid, depending upon the 
species, and vary in size from 0.3875 by 0.25 to 0.64 by 0.43 mm. 
The period of hatching is somewhat variable. Tokioka found that 
the eggs of A. japonicus hatched in 12 days at 30° C. and in 60 days 
at 15° C. On the other hand, Wilson noted that A. americanus 
hatched in 18 days at 65° F. and in 17 days at 72° F., while A. meg- 
alops required 60 days at the same temperature. Kellicott records a 
period of 81 days for A. stizostethit at room temperature. According 
to Wilson (1907), Clark observed A. foliaceus hatching at the end of 
5 months 8 days, and 7 months 2 days where the eggs were laid in 
the fall and hatched the following spring. 

Martin’s observations on the early embryos throw light on the 
structure and development of the proboscis. At this time the mandi- 
bles are incurved with apices directed anteriorly toward the mouth 
opening and some distance behind it. The basal segment is large and 
bears a 3-segmented palp with three rami on the terminal segment. 

On later embryos the basal segment has increased in size all out of 
proportion to the other segments. A rudiment of the lower lip be- 
comes apparent in a position posterior to the mandibles, while the 
upper lip occurs anteriorly between the bases. Apparently the distal 
portions of the basal segments fuse with the upper and lower lips to 
form walls for the buccal cavity. The chitinous framework probably 
forms along the lines of greatest stress, since there is a great deal of 
individual variation. 

First stage larva.—lLarvae of this first stage may be of two kinds— 
one for the slower-hatching species, which are more fully developed 
and lack mandibular palps, and another for those that hatch more 
quickly and are less advanced in development. <A. japonicus belongs 
to the latter group and will be used as an example, since the imma- 
ture stages have been fully described by T. Tokioka as each molt 
occurred so that a most logical picture of development can be obtained. 

The length of the hatching animal is 0.7 to 0.9 mm. Its carapace is 
oval, with short alae and with all the legs, the thorax, and the 
abdomen left exposed. Only the groove limiting the cephalic area is 
apparent. The dorsal ribs are unforked, while the joint behind the 
nauplius eye is lacking. The carapace, ahead of the brown compound 
eyes, is fringed with chitinous ciliary processes and a few spinules. 
Along the whole marginal area are many gland cells and some espe- 
cially conspicuous ones at the base of the first antennae. The stomach 
has a simple pair of branches, forked only once. 


470 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 88 


The antennule is like that of the adult, but the proximal segment 
is lacking. Behind the antennule is the antenna composed of two 
basal segments with a spine on the posterior side of each. It has 
an unsegmented palp on the second segment and a 8-jointed distal 
portion ending in long plumose setae. The antennae are joined to 
a transverse chitinous bar on each side of which is a forward process 
and a backward spine—the postantennal spine of the adult. 

A small sting is located at the base of the proboscis, which is es- 
sentially the same as that of the adult except that it is very short. 
The buccal fold is not yet serrated, and there are no labial processes or 
labial spines. The mandible is pointed, with an acuminate process 
on the lower margin near the tip, and the mandibular palp is attached 
by a chitinous framework at the base of the proboscis just behind the 
antenna. It is unsegmented, almost as long as the antenna, and ends 
in three long plumose setae. It is supported at the base by a circular 
framework of chitin, which forms a thickened area with a spine at 
the point of attachment. This framework serves to support the 
proboscis by means of the inner longitudinal rod already differen- 
tiated and an outer longitudinal rod to be differentiated at the next 
stage. Thus modified parts of the mandible proper form the supports 
of the proboscis. 

The first maxillae are found on each side of the proboscis. They 
consist of three segments of which the basal one is bulky. On the 
tip are two large curved claws, one with three small processes on its 
anterior margin. 

On the posterior distal corner of the basal segment of the 5-jointed 
second maxilla is a spine corresponding to the middle of the three 
spines found on the adult. The distal segment is provided with two 
curved claws and a papilla on the tip. Two pairs of spines are 
located near the midline of the body as in the adult—the postmax- 
illary spines. 

Only the first pair of thoracic appendages is functional; the others 
are rudimentary and immobile, each with an unsegmented exopod 
and endopod. On the first appendage the coxa, basis, exopod, and 
jointed endopod are complete, but the precoxa is indistinguishable. 

The abdomen is only about one-tenth as long as the body and has 
spinules along the posterior ventral side and margin. The caudal 
furcae are comparatively large. Sexes can be distinguished by the 
presence of rudimentary testes or small round seminal receptacles. 

Second stage.—After three or four days the first molt takes place, 
and the animal assumes more the shape of the adult. It attains a 
length of 0.9 to 1 mm. The anterior margin of the carapace is 
fringed with ciliary processes as far back as the first maxillae. The 


REVIEW OF GENUS ARGULUS—MEEHEAN 471 


anterior marginal groove on the carapace is distinguishable, and the 
joint in the dorsal ribs is just discernible. 

On the first antennae the proximal segment is faintly defined and 
has a spine projecting backward, while the third segment has de- 
veloped a small process with two setae at the end. The palp on 
the second antenna as well as the spine on the posterior margin of 
the second segment has disappeared, but a seta has developed on the 
anterior distal margin. The third segment is still small, the fourth 
approximately the same as in the previous stage, while the fifth is 
longest and ends in a number of long setae. Only a pair of post- 
antennal spines remain where the transverse chitinous bar occurred 
before the molt. 

The mandibular palp has disappeared and the chitinous framework 
that connected it to the mandible is a simple longitudinal support, but 
the junction of this rod to the mandible is still thickened into a spine, 
which gradually disappears with each successive molt. A chitinous 
thickening occurs on each side of the anterior transverse bar along the 
buccal fold foreshadowing the serrated margin of the adult. The 
small labial processes are clearly seen although the labial spines are 
absent. There is a pair of spines in front of the mouth opening. 

The first maxillae consist of four segments by division of the basal 
segment into two. The more distal of these has two spines on the 
ventral proximal margin. A spine has developed on the posterior 
margin of the second maxilla (the inner spine of the adult), and the 
second segment has become somewhat longer than the more distal ones. 
Spinules have made their appearance on the ventral side of the thorax, 
and ramifications of the stomach have become slightly more complex. 

All the swimming appendages have assumed the shape of those on 
the adult and serve as locomotor organs in the place of the antennal 
and mandibular palps. A number of plumose setae have developed on 
each. The abdomen is one-seventh to one-sixth as long as the body, 
with the lobes projected slightly backward and spinules on the 
margins. 

Third stage-——When the larva has reached an age of five to seven 
days a second molt occurs. The main difference noted between second, 
third, and fourth stage larvae is in the pattern of the first maxillae, 
the number of spines on the basal segment of the second maxillae, 
small differences in size and number of setae and spinules, and in the 
pattern of the branches of the stomach. 

The larva has reached a length of 1.0 to 12 mm. _ Behind the 
nauplius eye the joint of the dorsal ribs is clearly visible, the posterior 
transverse bar of the proboscis can be seen, and the buccal fold has a 
process on its free margin. 


472 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM voL. 88 


The first maxillae have reached the highest point of development as 
a clasping organ and in the next stages will begin to degenerate. The 
boundary between the basal and second segments is becoming in- 
distinct, two spines on the second segment have disappeared, and the 
framework of the suction cup is faintly seen within the basal segment. 
On the second maxillae a small spine has been added to the basal 
segment at the posterior distal corner (the outer spine of the adult), 
and some minute spinules have made their appearance. 

A few spinules occur for the first time on the ventral surface in 
front of the anterior marginal groove and along the margin of the 
carapace adjacent to the anterior respiratory area. Rudiments of the 
flagella are formed on the posterior dorsal corner at the base of the 
exopod of the two anterior pairs of swimming legs. On the female 
a minute chitinous spine appears at the extremity of the duct of the 
seminal receptacle. 

Fourth stage——A larva seven to eight days old molts for a third 
time and has reached a length of 12 to 14mm. The lateral lobes of 
the carapace barely cover the second swimming appendages. Branches 
of the lateral groove limiting the cephalic area are faintly seen extend- 
ing inward. The anterior dorsal ribs show a rudimentary outer 
branch, and the ciliary fringe of the carapace extends as far back as 
the second maxillae. 

Both pairs of antennae are the same as in the previous stage, but 
the buccal fold of the proboscis has two teeth on the free margin. 
On the basal segment of the first maxillae there is a considerable 
expansion due to the formation of the suction cup. The circular 
margin is fringed with minute triangular processes, and the muscles 
attached to it can be seen through the chitinous exoskeleton. Buds of 
the flagella on the first two pairs of thoracic appendages are still very 
small and without any setae. On the male the posterior side of the 
joint between the coxa and basis of the third leg is deeply cut where 
it foreshadows the socket of the adult. The abdomen of the female 
is slightly smaller than that of the male. 

Fifth stage—Three to four days after the third ecdysis a fourth 
molt occurs, and the larva reaches 1.3 to 1.7 mm. in length. The 
outer branches of the dorsal ribs are still short and the ciliated mar- 
gin of the carapace has extended almost to the first thoracic segment. 

The two basal segments of the second antennae have several setae 
on the distal end. The third segment is small, the fourth twice as 
long as the third, with the two setae that occurred on the segment in 
the preceding stages moved to the distal end. The last segment is as 
long as the fourth and is tipped with a few rather thick setae. 

The labial spines are distinctly located on the floor of the buccal 
cavity. Important changes have also occurred in the first maxillae. 


REVIEW OF GENUS ARGULUS—MEEHEAN 473 


The basal segment has broken and the suction cup is exposed, although 
the remaining segments are still intact. The suction cup is exactly 
the same as that of the adult except that the number of segments in 
the chitinous ribs supporting the margin is smaller. Each rib is 
composed of one long and two short segments, with the distal one 
only faintly defined. The basal segments of the second maxillae have 
two long setae in the middle of the posterior margin of the scaled 
area besides many scales on the surface. 

The branches of the stomach have become fairly complex. On the 
first thoracic leg the rudimentary flagellum has two setae while that 
on the second leg has one. On the ventral posterior edges of the 
coxa of the second leg of the male the bilobed prominence is laid 
down. On the third leg the socket is indicated by two lateral folds 
and a projection on the ventral side that will become the median fold. 
The precoxa and coxa of each leg have small spinules or scales on 
the ventral side. The abdominal lobes have grown considerably and 
the anal sinus reaches about one-fourth the length of the abdomen. 

Sixth stage—The difference between the fifth, sixth, and seventh 
larval stages is found in the residual portion of the first maxillae 
and in the degree of development of the male accessory copulatory 
apparatus. These stages cannot be distinguished in the female 
because of the great variation in the size. 

They have attained a length of 1.6 to 2.0 mm. The residuum of 
the first maxillae shows no segmentation. On the second and third 
legs the accessory apparatus is the same, but a rounded prominence 
has made its appearance on the anterior distal corner of the basis 
of the fourth leg where the peg of the male will be located. The 
abdominal processes are faintly defined at the base of the abdomen 
in the female. 

Seventh stage—The sixth and seventh stages are attained in 10 
to 18 days. At this time the animal has reached a length of 2.0 to 
2.2mm. The lobes of the carapace have extended to cover the third 
legs, and the dorsal ribs are distinctly forked. On the first maxillae 
the residual degenerating portion consists of a small process pro- 
vided with a minute spinule, while the ribs of the suction cups have 
added a short segment. 

On the first two swimming legs the flagella have become longer 
and reach beyond the proximal margin of the basis. They are pro- 
vided with several plumose setae. On the male the bilobed protu- 
berances of the coxae of the second legs are fairly conspicuous, and 
the socket of the third pair is almost complete, although the papil- 
lated processes in front of the aperture are not yet apparent. On 
the fourth leg the peg is almost like that of the adult. It is pro- 
vided with a lobed process on the ventral side, and the tip ends in 


474 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 88 


a terminal chitinous process with a small spinule. The chitinous 
framework supporting the peg continues to the posterior proximal 
edge of the basis across the dorsal side of the segment, where the 
chitin is thickened conspicuously. On the female the posterior por- 
tion of the coxa of this appendage protrudes and will be the natatory 
lobe of the adult. 

The abdomen differs in shape with the sexes. On the male the 
lobes are larger and bluntly pointed while the smaller ones of the 
female are rounded. 

After the seventh stage there is no well-defined characteristic; the 
change brought about by molting is merely in grade. The earlier 
stages are very regular, but the later stages, after the fourth, are 
very irregular and hard to define. 

Molting takes place by rupture of the exoskeleton along the mid- 
line from the anterior marginal groove to the anterior thoracic seg- 
ments. The animal draws out the thorax and abdomen through this 
slit first. Then the anterior portion of the carapace is withdrawn 
and finally the lateral lobes. This ecdysis occurs over the whole 
body except the coat of the suction cups, which comes off after the 
molting process of the other portions is through. 

Subsequent development.—From this time on the lateral lobes of 
the carapace enlarge, and all the grooves on the dorsal surface be- 
come distinct while the longitudinal groove appears later. The 
ramifications of the stomach become more complicated, and pigment 
spots on the oviduct appear about the twentieth day after hatching. 
The suction cup loses the residual portion of the maxilla except a 
tiny seta, which remains for a long time. A papillated process on 
the anterior margin of the precoxa of the third leg and small proc- 
esses in front of the aperture of the socket of the male are formed 
at a later stage. 

The abdomen grows somewhat and the animals become sexually 
mature during these molts. Development is completed about one 
month after hatching. 

It will be noted that the account by Tokioka describes seven well- 
defined larval stages with subsequent molts, which serve to bring 
the animal to sexual maturity. Wilson was indefinite as to the num- 
ber of molts, but in one place indicated that he had observed four. 
It is also worthy of note that no mention is made of any maxillae 
within the proboscis and that the two pairs of appendages imme- 
diately behind the proboscis are called first and second maxillae. 


REVIEW OF GENUS ARGULUS—MEEHEAN 475 


Family ARGULIDAE 
Genus ARGULUS Miiller 
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF ARGULUS 


a’. Anterior respiratory area prolonged laterally around posterior 
one (club shaped). 
vb’. Teeth of basal plate of second maxillae sharp, widely sepa- 
rated; suction cups supported by about 10 to 12 plates plus 
an elongate segment; posterior swimming lobe of fourth 
appendage on female rounded, abbreviated on male; fresh 
Wailer he shee Tee se eke oe ee ee stizostethii (p. 479) 
b*. Teeth of basal plate of second maxillae blunt, postmaxillary 
spine small and blunt; flagella present on first two swim- 
ming appendages; suction cups supported by 4 to 6 plates 
plus an elongate segment; respiratory area relatively nar- 
row; posterior swimming lobe on female prolonged into a 
fingerlike projection, only slightly prolonged on male; fresh 
Water, (Siam 22 2-2 Asse baie eles id eee siamensis (p. 482) 
a’, Smaller respiratory area anterior, mesial, or in an anteromesial 
notch of larger area. 
Db’. Entire smaller respiratory area anterior to larger. 

c. Teeth on basal plate of second maxillae sharp, distal one 
more widely separated than other two; ribs of suction cups 
composed of 10 to 12 plates and an elongate segment ; 
carapace just reaching third thoracic appendages; anterior 
hook on antennae slight or lacking, second antennae long; 
Jast thoracic segment very wide, flaring over abdomen; 


TALES ny cml a seal te pyar eee me nd alosae (p. 481) 
c. Basal plate of second maxillae lobed or with slender blunt 
teeth. 


ad. Tips of maxillary teeth blunt, but plate not lobed. 
e*. Ribs of suction cups supported by rods. 

f?. Ribs of suction cups composed of 3 rods; knob or 
hook lacking on anterior surface of first antennae; 
swimming lobe of fourth appendages boot-shaped, 
heel pressed against end of thorax, toe extending 
to or beyond edge of abdomen; whole body appear- 
ing circular; anterior respiratory area minute, 
posterior one very large and oblong; salt water, 
SS TERT Ss UAV oe ea aE aR Seed lees indicus (p. 483) 

f°. Supports of suction cups composed of 4 to 6 rods, 
distal ones may be compressed ; anterior hook pres- 
ent on antennae, a seta two-thirds as long as two 
distal segments of second antennae, and opposing 
them, a long seta opposing tip of first antennae; 
slight posterior lobe on fourth appendages rounded 
or faintly boot-shaped ; fresh water________ flavescens (p. 484) 

e*. Suction cups supported only by imbricate plates or by 
plates and a long basal segment. 

f’. Suction cups supported only by imbricate plates; spine 
at base of first antennae and near midline of body 
(postantennal) broad and blunt. 


201701—40——3 


476 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM voL, 88 


g’. Plates of supporting ribs numbering up to 30 or 
more; knob present on anterior surface of first 
antennae; second maxillae slender; salt water, 
PacificiCoastae eee ee melanostictus (p. 487) 
g’. Plates in supports numbering about 15 to 20; 
carapace reaching abdomen; anterior hook pres- 
ent on first antennae. 
hi. First two swimming appendages with flagella; 
second maxillae short and stout with spinous 
pads on ventral surface, postmaxillary spines 
short and truncate; antennae short; salt water, 
Paciiic coast ses ee @ pugettensis (p. 487) 
7. First two swimming appendages without flagella ; 
second maxillae about normal in size, proximal 
tooth on basal plate broader, two pairs of 
postmaxillary spines not truncate; second an- 
tennae longer; salt water, Key West__- floridensis (p. 489) 
f?. Suction cups supported by an elongate proximal seg- 
ment and imbricate plates. 
g. First two pairs of swimming appendages without 
flagella. 
hi. Respiratory areas small and widely separated ; 
proximal segment in ribs of suction cups 
elongate and narrow; posterior lobe of fourth 
appendages of female somewhat bilobed; ante- 
rior knob present on first antennae; salt water, 


British) Columbia loi 22 ees eee borealis (p. 490) 
h?, Respiratory areas normal (one large and one 
small). 


#. Maxillary spines about alike, posterior respira- 
tory area large and irregular in shape; swim- 
ming lobe on posterior surface of fourth 
appendages boot-shaped on female; salt 

OV TCT eed ated sel ee enh megalops (p. 492) 
#. Lateral spine on basal plate of second maxillae 
blunt, other two more pointed; anal sinus 

deep. 

j*. Suction cups occupying almost full width of 
carapace, supporting ribs composed of 6 to 
10 imbricate plates and a rectangular basal 
segment; spine on ventral surface of hook 
inconspicuous, all otherg broad; posterior 
respiratory area reaching close to anterior 
one and about same width for its full 

lene thice Salt nywabe le eee bicolor (p. 517) 
7°. Suction cups normal, supporting ribs composed 
of 6 or 7 imbricate plates (12 to 14 on 
female) with rectangular basal segment ; 
spine on ventral surface of hook prominent, 
postantennal spines larger than others; 
posterior respiratory area some distance 
from anterior one, anterior half narrower 

than posterior portion; salt water____- fuscus (p. 518) 


REVIEW OF GENUS ARGULUS—MEEHEAN 477 


g*. First two pairs of swimming appendages with 
flagella. 
h*. Conspicuous anterior hook on first antennae, 
antennae short, broad spine at base of first 
antennae and broad postantennal spine; second 
maxillae broad and short with spinous pads 
over ventral surface, postmaxillary spines short 
and truncate, anterior pair on papillae; salt 
Water Paciicncoastese == aaa 6 pugettensis (p. 487) 
h*?. Knob present on anterior surface of first anten- 
nae; dorsal ridges branched at anterior end; 
posterior respiratory area somewhat reniform; 
freshiiwater. Universal s=== = seas japonicus (p. 494) 
a@. Basal plate of second maxillae lobed. 
e. Lobes of second maxillae truncate; hook present on 
anterior surface of first antennae; supporting ribs of 
suction cups composed of rods. 
f’. Lobes of second maxillae appearing worn, postmaxil- 
lary spines truncate and inconspicuous, anterior 
knob on first antennae long and fingerlike, with 
slight anterior hook; supports of suction cups com- 
posed of 3 straight rods; salt water__--___-- laticauda (p. 495) 
f?. Basal plate of second maxillae with truncate or 
rounded teeth, postmaxillary spines conspicucus; 
supports of suction cups composed of 4 or 5 rods; 
posterior respiratory area reniform, anterior hook 
on first antennae stout; fresh water, Congo River, 
AEP I Came Doe ik esl a ee ee reticulatus (p. 497) 
é. Lobes of second maxillae not truncate. 
f’. Two pairs of postmaxillary spines missing, proximal 
lobe of basal plate more distinctly separated than 
the one or two lateral ones; respiratory areas small 
and widely separated; suction cups with about 16 
plates in supporting ribs with a proximal plate 
slightly longer than the others; anterior knob of 
antennae almost wanting; swimming appendages 
without flagella; salt water, New Orleans to New 
IB PUTS WIC oe Oe eT ee eae funduli (p. 498) 
f. Two pairs of postmaxillary spines present. 
g. Lobes of second maxillae and postmaxillary spines 
very broad with spinous papillae on them; sup- 
ports of suction cups with one long and one oblong 
rod; spines at base of first antennae and post- 
antennal spines extremely broad and blunt, ante- 
rior hook broad at base and very long; anterior 
respiratory area very small and posterior one 
extremely long; fresh water, Uruguay__-_- violaceus (p. 500) 
g*. Edge of basal plate of second maxillae with broadly 
rounded lobes, mesial lobe somewhat more promi- 
nent, postmaxillary spines very blunt and short; 
knob present on anterior surface of first antennae, 
distal segment opposed by a spine, second antennae 
without much enlargement of basal segments, 


478 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vob. 88 


spines slight or indicated by protuberances at base 
of first antennae as are the postantennal spines ; 
supporting ribs of suction cups tapering, composed 
of 9 or 10 segments; fresh water, Brazil____ salminei (p. 502) 
b°. Smaller respiratory area mesial to larger or in an antero- 
mesial notch of latter. 
c’. Spine present at the base of first antennae. 
d@. Three spines in a row on each side of midline of body, 
including those at base of first antennae. 
e’. Smaller respiratory area located anteromesially in a 
notch of the larger one, both posterior to the second 
maxillae; supporting ribs of suction cups composed 
of 2 or 8 segments; distal lobe on basal plate of second 
maxillae blunter and wider than others; basal seg- 
ment of first antennae usually prolonged into a knob 
directed toward the midline of body ; fresh water. 
americanus (p. 504) 
e?. Smaller respiratory area in a notch proximal to and 
some distance behind anterior end of larger ; support- 
ing ribs of suction cups composed of more than 2 
segments. 
f*. Second maxillae with slender teeth of basal plate 
widely spaced; first segment of supporting ribs of 
suction cups elongate and narrow followed by 2 or 
3 oblong ones; knob present on anterior surface of 
first antennae; carapace reaching abdomen; ab- 
domen subtriangular; fresh water___-_---_~- versicolor (p. 505) 
f?. Teeth of basal plate on second maxillae close together 
and long; supporting ribs of suction cups composed 
of a rectangular basal and 2 distal segments in male 
and 4 to 7 in female; anterior hook present on first 
antennae; carapace extending to third appendages ; 
abdomen somewhat rectangular; fresh water. 
maculosus (p. 507) 
d. Postantennal spines 2, suction cups with about 5 slender 
segments in ribs extending two-thirds of width of rim 
of disk; lateral hook of first antennae curved in an are, 
tip of first antennae biramous; postmaxillary spines 
very small; broad posterior lamellae on basis and coxa 
of fourth thoracic appendages ; animal characteristically 
broad and leaflike in appearance; fresh water. 
mississippiensis (p. 509) 
c. No spine at base of first antennae. 
ad’. Basal plate of second maxillae lobed or with slender 
blunt teeth ; no spine on ventral surface of first antennae 
or at base of first or Second antennae. 
e’. Basal plate of second maxillae with 2 to 4 lobes, usually 
3, postmaxillary spines absent; anterior knob present 
on first antennae; ribs of suction cups with 7 to 9 
shortirods) fresh water. 222= 2s aes castostomi (p. 511) 
e?. Three slender blunt teeth on basal plate of second maxil- 
lae; only a slight indication of a knob on the anterior 
surface of the first antennae, tip of flagellum biramous; 


REVIEW OF GENUS ARGULUS—MEEHEAN 479 


suction cups supported by 2 long segments in ribs; 

dorsal ridges of carapace branched at the anterior 
ends freshiswatere = se eee so See appendiculosus (p. 512) 

ad’. Teeth of second maxillae very sharp; no spine at base of 

first antennae; ribs of suction cups composed of rods. 

e’. Ribs of suction cups with 8 or 9 rods: lateral hook of 

first antennae short but curved back on itself; fresh 
Winer ae Pre ee ie et tt a lepidostei (p. 514) 

e’. Ribs of suction cups with about 12 to 18 rods; tip of 

first antennae biramous, with one of the branches 

biramous; abdomen heart-shaped in female, with lat- 

eral projections on the anterior edges in male; 

fingerlike protuberances on dista] anterior end of first 

segment of endopod on third and fourth thoracic ap- 
pendaves:; fresh) waters = 22. 2 2 2 nobilis (p. 515) 


ARGULUS STIZOSTETHII Kellicott 


FIGURE 22 


Argulus stizostethii KEtLicort, 1880, p. 53.—Wzson, 1902, p. 713, pl. 17. 
Argulus canadensis WILson, 1916, p. 348, pl. 60; 1936a, p. 355, figs. 1-9. 

Carapace elliptical, reaching to second or third swimming append- 
ages, sinus shallow; cephalic area prominent, projecting slightly 
anteriorly. Abdomen somewhat elongate with sides parallel, anal 
sinus deep, tips of abdomen pointed and diverging somewhat, anal 
furcae basal. The respiratory areas are peculiar in that the anterior 
one is prolonged laterally around the posterior one in such a way as 
to be club-shaped instead of rounded (fig. 22, a). As the type of 
canadensis has a very broad mesial respiratory area, the inner edge 
may easily have been overlooked by Wilson in his description. 

The hook on the anterior surface of the first antennae is tight 
against the body of the antenna in the type of canadensis instead of 
having the usual elongate base; spine present on midventral surface 
of antennae and at the base. Spines located at the base of the second 
antennae, near the midline of the body, and the postantennal spines 
are stouter than the others. The ribs of the suction cups are com- 
posed of a stout pedestal with 10 or more apparently imbricate 
plates (fig. 22, b). Second maxillae stout; basal plate large and 
broad with a large pad; teeth small and sharp, widely separated; 
two usual pairs of spines are located near the midline of the body 
but the anterior pair are stouter. 

Flagella are lacking on the swimming appendages; female with 
a small rounded natatory lobe on the posterior surface of the coxa 
on the fourth appendages; basal segments stout. Second appendages 
of male (fig. 22, ¢) with the usual bilobed flap on the coxa. Basis of 
third appendages much abbreviated, with a papilla across the ante- 


480 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88 


rior surface; distal end of coxa has a larger papilla parallel to that 
of the basis so that there appear to be two ridges across the anterior 
side near the origin of the rami; the coxa is widened somewhat to a 
point near the middle, but no enlargement is formed for the socket. 
The socket consists of a shallow groove running dorsolaterally from 
the middle of the segment to a point just below the large papilla 
with the deepest part farthest inward. On the fourth appendages 
the peg is placed on the distal edge of the basis near the origin of 
the exopod as a slight fingerlike papilla with the tip turned mesially, 
a second mesial papilla bends outward to meet it. The usual chiti- 
nous ridge runs obliquely around the base; natatory lobe is much 
reduced. The exopod is attached to the basis by a bent kneelike por- 
tion, thus separating the two rami considerably. 


6 c a 


Ficurn 22.—Argulus stizostethii: a, Respiratory areas; b, ribs of suction cups; c, male 
accessory organs of second, third, and fourth legs. 


Females have been reported to 12 mm. and males to 8.5mm. They 
have been reported from the wall-eyed pike (Stizostedion vitrewm), 
Niagara River, Buffalo, N. Y.; Cynoperca canadensis, Fairport, Iowa; 
Coregonus and Acipenser fulvescens, Le Claire, Minn.; brook trout, 
stickle-backs, perch, and suckers, Cape Breton Island, New Bruns- 
wick; H’'sox masquinongy, Vilas County, Wis.; skin of salmon, St. 
John, New Brunswick; swimming in Lake Erie. 

The only difference that could be noted between stizostethii and 
canadensis is a slight variation in size and shape of body and some 
structures. ‘These were no greater than variations within the species. 
There is some tendency for the occurrence of aberrant types of ex- 
ternal respiratory areas in some specimens. 


REVIEW OF GENUS ARGULUS—MEEHEAN 481 
ARGULUS ALOSAE Gould 
FIGURE 23 


Argulus alosae GouLp, 1841, p. 8340.—Witson, 1902, p. 707, pl. 12, pl. 26, fig. 80; 
1932, p. 17, fig. 6. 

Carapace of female elliptical, male ovate; cephalic area very prom- 
inent; eyes comparatively large and set wide apart. Last thoracic 
segment is very wide and flares over the abdomen. Abdomen with 
points flaring, sinus shallow and wide, anal furcae minute and basal. 
Respiratory area reaching to the base of the suction cups, anterior 
small one slightly oblong, posterior one reniform (fig. 23, a). 


MUON 


a 
FIGURD 23.—Argulus alosae: a, Respiratory areas; 6, male accessory organs of third and 
fourth legs; c, ribs of suction cups. 


Antennae with anterior hook, weak, but lateral hook curved back 
some distance; spine on ventral surface fairly large, a large one at 
the base; a medium one at the base of second antennae, and a very 
large one at the midline. Second antennae comparatively long and 
slender. Suction cups large, ribs in rim made up of 10 to 12 imbri- 
cate plates with an elongate one at the base; marginal lappets long 
and narrow with setae at the ends (fig. 23, c). Second maxillae with 
wide basal plate, short, sharp teeth, widely separated, lateral one 
more widely separated than the others. Both pairs of postmaxillary 
spines pointed. 

Swimming appendages without flagella, normal on the female 
except for a posterior bilobed coxa on the fourth appendages. First 
two pairs unmodified on male, peg merely a rounded papilla on the 
dorsal distal edge of the basis which fits into a posterior rounded 
cone-shaped lobe on the posterior surface of the third appendages, 
so that the papilla appears to overlap the socket when viewed either 
dorsally or ventrally (fig. 23, 5). 


482 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you. 88 


The female measures up to 12 mm. and the male up to 6mm. It 
has been found on the following hosts: Clupea vernalis, Dorosoma 
cepedianum, Pomolobus pseudoharengus, P. strongylura marina, and 
Osmerus mordaxw from the Woods Hole region; Gasterosteus biacu- 
leatus in the Gulf of St. Lawrence; Microgadus tomcod, Base River, 
Nova Scotia; Ctenolabrus adsperus, Casco Bay, Maine, Great Egg 
Harbor, N. J., Key West, Fla., Patapsco River, Baltimore City, a 
fresh-water tow in the Shubenacadie River, Nova Scotia; and from 
the “toadfish,” Shell Point, Fla. 


ARGULUS SIAMENSIS Wilson 
FIGURE 24 


Argulus siamensis WILson, 1926, p. 361, pl. 22. 


Carapace ovate, reaching fourth appendages in the female, over- 
lapping abdomen in the male; cephalic area narrow, posterior sinus 
broad. Abdomen elliptical, anal sinus deep, tips acute, slightly 
divergent. Respiratory areas with anterior one club-shaped and 
curved around posterior one, but slenderer than that of stzzostethw 
(fig. 24, a). 


CO 


Ficurn 24.—Argulus siamensis: a, Respiratory areas; b, male accessory organs of third 
and fourth legs; c, ribs of suction cups. 


Antennae with slight anterior knob, lateral hook long; ventral 
spine blunt, spine at base of first antennae long and blunt, that at 
base of second antennae small and transparent, postantennal spine 
long and blunt. First antennae relatively stout, second antennae 
very long. Second maxillae with broad basal plate, teeth broad and 
blunt, both pairs of spines near midline of body small and blunt. 
Suction cups with ribs of four or five imbricate plates and a longer 
basal one (fig. 24, ¢). 


REVIEW OF GENUS ARGULUS—MEEHEAN 483 


Swimming appendages with flagella. Fourth leg with posterior 
boot-shaped lobe in female, with toe drawn into a long fingerlike 
tapering process. On third appendages of male (fig. 24, b) the pre- 
coxa is slightly broadened; the coxa is rounded posteriorly where the 
socket is located, with a meager swelling anteriorly. On the fourth 
appendages is a posterior bilobed process with a scant lateral pro- 
longation suggestive of the female. There is a small chitinous ridge 
around the peg. The peg itself originates a short distance back from 
the distal edge of the basis and projects ventrally against the anterior 
surface as a short fingerlike papilla. 

The female is up to 6.55 mm. and the male up to 3.5 mm. Taken 
on Cirrhina sp. and Trichopodus sp. from fresh water at Bangkok 
Siam. 


’ 


ARGULUS INDICUS Weber 


FIGURE 25 


Argulus indicus WEBER, 1892, p. 544, fig. 1—Van Kampen, 1909, p. 447, figs. 5, 
6.—WILSON, 1927, p. 1, pl. 1. 


o> a 
ul 
ae ; 


FIGURD 25.—Argulus indicus: a, Respiratory areas; 0, ribs of sucking cups; c, antennae. 


Carapace broadly rounded, alae covering over half of abdomen so 
that the whole animal is almost inclusive in a circle. Cephalic area 
prominent; dorsal ridges branched anteriorly; eyes small, without 
much pigment; abdomen wider than long, sinus deep, sides diverg- 
ing, anal furcae subterminal. Whole animal dark colored, flecked 
with black. Anterior respiratory area minute, about opposite the 
second maxillae, posterior oblong’ area very large (fig. 25, a). Only 
the female is known. It measures about 7.75 mm. The host is 
Betta sp. from near Bangkok, Siam. 

Lateral hook on first antennae short, without an anterior knob; 
basal and post antennal spines large; flagellum of first antennae 

201701—40—4 


484 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 88 


small, second antennae long (fig. 25, ¢). All spines are dark colored. 
Suction cups moderate, rim narrow, ribs composed of three rods, 
marginal lappets long (fig. 25, 6). Second maxillae slender, basal 
plate with three large teeth; two pairs of prominent postmaxillary 
spines. 

_ Thoracic appendages very long, first pairs with flagella; slight 
prominence with setae on the distal posterior surface of the coxa of 
third appendages on female; prominent boot-shaped natatory lobe 
on posterior of fourth appendages extending laterally as far as the 
base of the rami, with the heels pressed against the posterior end 
of the thorax; slight setose posterior lobe on the basis. 


ARGULUS FLAVESCENS Wilson 


FIGURE 26 


Argulus flavescens WILSoNn, 1916, p. 349, pl. 61, figs. 7-12.—Muetter, 1936, p. 807. 
Argulus piperatus WILSON, 1920a, p. 149, figs. 1-7. 

Carapace longer than wide, sinus more than one-third the length; 
abdomen ovate on female, elliptical on male, lobes rounded and often 
touching on the inner margins on the female, sinus giving the im- 
pression of being wider at the base; anal papillae basal, small, and 
rounded. 

On the type there are lateral expansions into the carapace. These 
are called “lateral lobes of the stomach” by Wilson, but they are 
really expansions from the egg-filled ovaries. They occur only on 
gravid females, while those partially spent may have one side filled 
or only a few eggs remaining. Thiele noted these expansions on 
A. africanus in the Berlin Museum. 

The anterior respiratory area is small and subtriangular, while 
the other is very large with a broader posterior portion (fig. 26, 5). 
The females reach up to 6 mm., while the males are smaller. 

First antennae with a slender lateral claw, anterior knob with a 
slight hook, flagellum about the length of lateral hook, tip biramous. 
Second antennae long, distal joints slender, spine at base; postan- 
tennal spines long and larger than others; ventral surface of distal 
segments armed with setae. 

Suction cups with the ribs on the rim made up of four to six rods, 
the distal ones somewhat compressed (figure 26, c). Second maxillae 
with three blunt teeth on the basal plate, long setae on the pad of the 
basal disc (fig. 26, a). Postmaxillary spines fairly long. On southern 
specimens any or all may have a worn appearance. 


REVIEW OF GENUS ARGULUS 


MEEHEAN 485 


Swimming appendages with flagella on the two anterior pairs. 
Second pair of male appendages with a posterior lobe on the ventral 
side of the precoxa, and the usual spinous pad on the coxa (fig. 26, d). 
Third pair of male appendages with a broader lobe on the posterior 
of the precoxa than on the preceding appendages and a long lobe over 
the coxa and basis that contains the socket. The peg is located on the 
distal anterior angle of the basal segment with a very broad base. It 


Ficurb 26.—Argulus flavescens: a, Basal plate of second maxillae and mesial spines; 
b, respiratory areas; c, ribs of suction cups; d, ventral view of male accessory organs 
of last three legs. 


is divided longitudinally into two parts. The distal portion is slender, 
while the proximal portion is broad with a broad bluntly rounded tip 
and with transverse bands or chitinous ribs. On the ventral surface 
is a fleshy lobe directed obliquely toward the appendage much like 
that of A. japonicus. There is the usual chitinous ridge around the 
base of the peg, and a boot-shaped (in some cases more rounded) 
posterior lobe on the coxa. The total length of the basal segments 
of the three posterior appendages is progressively shorter toward the 
posterior. A large lobe is located at the opening of the ejaculatory 
duct. Both sexes are flecked with pigment. 


486 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 88 


The males of piperatus in the Museum are similar to Mueller’s figure 
of flavescens and to specimens of the latter collected by myself in 
Florida. The distribution extends from Nova Scotia to Florida. 
They have been found on Amia calva and Leptops olivaris at Fair- 
port, Iowa; free swimming in the Schubenacadie River, Nova Scotia ; 
on Hypentelium nigricans from the Ohio River at Marietta; on Huro 
salmoides in the Myakka River and Amza calva in Lake Okeechobee, 
Fla., and on Ameiurus nebulosus and Huro salmoides at Welaka, Fla. 

Additional Florida hosts reported by Dr. R. V. Bangham include: 


FIGURE 27.—Argulus melanostictus: a, Ribs of suction cups; 6, respiratory areas. 


Chub sucker (Z’rimyzon sucetta sucetta) at El Jobean; stump knocker 
(Lupomotis microlophus) at Naples, Englewood, and Lake Okeecho- 
bee; gold-spotted killifish (“undulus sp.) at El Jobean; yellow bull- 
head (Ameturus natalis), Myakka River; Amia calva at Joshua; 
marbled bullhead (Amezwrus sp.) from Lake Okeechobee and Engle- 
wood; largemouth black bass ({luro floridana) at Naples and Engle- 
wood; channel catfish (/ctalurus punctatus), Lake Okeechobee; and 
warmouth bass (Chaenobryttus gulosus) from a roadside ditch at 
Englewood. The list of hosts and the area of distribution are there- 
fore very imposing. 


REVIEW OF GENUS ARGULUS—MEEHEAN 487 


ARGULUS MELANOSTICTUS Wilson 


FIGURE 27 


Argulus melanostictus WILSON, 1935b, p. 776, pl. 25, figs. 1-4. 


Carapace about as wide as long, extending to third thoracic 
appendages; cephalic area projecting; eyes large, well separated; 
dorsal ridges bending sharply laterally ahead of the eyes; posterior 
sinus wide, sides flaring. Abdomen elliptical, lobes acute, sinus cut 
past center, tips flaring starting at middle of sinus; anal furcae basal. 
Body flecked with dark color. Respiratory areas include a rounded 
one near the suction cups and a posterior, larger somewhat J-shaped 
one posteriorly (fig. 27,6). Only the female of this species is known, 
and it reaches 8 mm. in length. It was taken in a tow at Monterey 
Bay, Calif., and there is a second record from Siam. Host unknown. 

Antennae small, lateral hook short, anterior knob small, ventral 
median spine of lateral hook broad and blunt, spine at base of first 
antennae extremely large, that at base of second antennae long, 
postantennal spine extremely broad and blunt. Suction cups with 
edge supported by ribs composed of up to 30 or more apparently 
imbricate plates (fig. 27, a). Second maxillae have the penultimate 
segment enlarged and armed with spines. Basal plate very broad 
with short blunt teeth; spines at base of limb near midline on a 
broad prominence, second pair slenderer and more pointed and some- 
what inconspicuously located. 

Swimming appendages bearing flagella on anterior two pairs. 
Fourth pair with small boot-shaped natatory lobe on the coxa. Slight 
ventral posterior ridge on the coxa of the second and third 
appendages. Tactile papilla not apparent. 


ARGULUS PUGETTENSIS Dana 
FIGURE 28 


Argulus pugettensis DANA, 1853, p. 1351, pl. 94, fig. 2a, b—THoRELL, 1865, p. 
60.—WILSoN, 1902, p. 711, pl. 15—THetr, 1904, p. 32, figs. 77-82. 
Argulus niger WILson, 1902, p. 714, pl. 18. 


Carapace of female elliptical, covering appendages and extending 
onto the abdomen; cephalic area prominent with lateral sinuses deep. 
On the male the carapace is more nearly orbicular, covering only the 
third appendages; eyes small and widely separated. Abdomen of 
female ovate, lobes rounded, sinus very deep; on male elliptical, lobes 
pointed, sinus less than half the depth; anal papillae basal. The 
respiratory areas are composed of an anterior small rounded portion 
and a stout J-shaped larger area posteriorly (fig. 28, >). The male 


488 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 88 


openings are near two small rounded papillae, while the tactile 
papillae of the female are short and stout. The whole under surface 
of both sexes is very spinous. 

Antennae comparatively small; anterior hook very conspicuous, 
flagellum very short; second antennae short; spines at base of first 
and second antennae very stout, postantennal pair stouter, those on 
ventral surface of lateral hook long and sharp. Suction cups on male 
about one-fifth the width of carapace, ribs composed of basal pedestal 
and 7 to 10 imbricate plates (fig. 28, c); those of female composed 
of approximately 16 imbricate plates (fig. 28, d). Second maxillae 
very stout and short, covered with armed padded areas; basal plate 
broad with teeth blunt, anterior pair of postmaxillary spines short 
and truncate, located on a large pad, posterior pair slender and blunt. 


FicurE 28.—Argulus pugeitensis: a, Male accessory organs of third and fourth legs; 
b, respiratory areas; c, ribs of suction cups (male) ; d, ribs of suction cups (female). 


Swimming appendages bearing flagella; boot-shaped natatory lobes 
of fourth pair very stout on female. Precoxa of male elongated on 
first three appendages; basal segment of second appendages unusually 
wide with a groove on the posterior surface, where it fits against the 
next appendage. On the third appendage a thin-walled voluminous 
sac extends the length of the coxa and part of the basis. Dorsally the 
opening of the socket extends about two-thirds the length of the sac. 
The fourth appendage has a boot-shaped natatory lobe posteriorly, 
and the usual chitinous ridge along the proximal side of the base of 
the peg. The peg is odd in that it is composed of a triangular lamina 
with the tip directed laterally and the base quite broad (fig. 28, a). 

This is the only species studied where the ribs on the rim of the 
suction cups show any considerable sex differences. The female has 
been reported up to 18 mm. and the male 8mm. This large difference 


REVIEW OF GENUS ARGULUS—MEEHEAN 489 


in size may account for the difference in the structure of the ribs of the 
suction cups. As far as can be determined niger is identical in every 
respect. 

All specimens have been taken on the Pacific coast. They have been 
found free swimming and on the surf perch, blue perch (Zaeniotoca 
lateralis), Salmo trideus, Oncorhynchus kisutch, Hyperprosopon 
argeneus, and Cymatogaster aggregatus. 


ARGULUS FLORIDENSIS, new species 
FIGURE 29 


A single male specimen labeled A. pugettensis and found in 
U.S.N.M. vial No. 77810 is entirely different from typical pugetiensis 
and will therefore be given a new name. It was collected by A. E. 
Verrill in 1884 at Key West, Fla. The host is not given. 


Ficury 29.—Argulus floridensis: a, Respiratory areas; 0, ribs of suction cups; ec, second 
thoracic appendage (male); d, third thoracic appendage (male); e, fourth thoracic 
appendage (male). 


Although the specimen is in poor condition, the following measure- 
ments were taken: Total length 5.85 mm., length of carapace 4.88 mm., 
width 4.28 mm., sinus 1.99 mm., abdomen 1.58 mm. long and 1.35 mm. 
wide with the anal sinus 0.98 mm. 

The carapace is ovate, sinuses shallow, cephalic areas broad, eyes 
small, widely separated; alae reaching abdomen. Abdomen ovate, 
narrower at the top near the thorax, sinus deep, tips divergent, anal 
furcae small and basal. Dorsal ridges very stout, bowed inward 


490 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you. 88 


behind the eyes and diverging ahead of them. Respiratory areas well 
separated, almost equal in size and shape (fig. 29, a). 

First antennae with an anterior hook; ventral mesial spine fairly 
large, basal spine of first antennae very large, spine on second antenna 
long and broad and postantennal spine very broad. These differ from 
pugettensis in that the spines at the base of the first antennae and 
near the midline are so very broad and the anterior hook is placed so 
far laterally on the lateral hook. 

Suction cups about one-fifth the width of the carapace, with 18 or 19 
imbricate plates in the ribs (fig. 29, 6). This is very similar to the 
female pugettensis. Second maxillae slenderer and without so prom- 
inent spinous pads, with three broad blunt teeth, median one slightly 
broader than the other two, postmaxillary spines fairly long, both 
pairs pointing medially. 

Swimming appendages without flagella. Second appendage with 
broadly bilobed lamella on posterior ventral edge (fig. 29, ¢). Third 
appendages with the dorsoanterior edge of coxa rounded proximally 
and armed with spines, ventral distal edge with an upright fingerlike 
papilla projecting anteriorly and a rounded papilla dorsal to it (fig. 
29, d). On the fourth appendage there is a small rounded lamella on 
the posterior surface of the basis and a more broadly rounded blade- 
like lamella on the posterior surface of the coxa. The usual chitinous 
ridge extends obliquely across the basal segment with the peg orig- 
inating on the dorsal distal end of the last basal segment and curved 
medially above this basal part like a curved finger (fig. 29, e). 

There seems to be no indication of the socket from the ventral side 
of the animal, but on the dorsal side of the third appendage it may be 
seen as a saddled-shaped depression on the distal end of the basis, 
while the two rami are fused at their point of origin to form a broad 
base. This armature, the absence of flagella on the swimming ap- 
pendages, and the two very nearly equal respiratory areas are all 
different from those of pugettensis. 


ARGULUS BOREALIS Wilson 
FIGuRE 30 


Argulus borealis WiLson, 1912a, p. 85, pl. 3. 


Carapace slightly longer than wide, ovate; cephalic area prominent, 
eyes fairly large, alae reaching third appendages in female, fourth 
appendages in male. Abdomen elliptical; anal sinus shallow; anal 
furcae basal, tips diverging, testes extending almost full length of 
abdomen. Color almost lacking in the body except a brown band 
extending posteriorly from the edge of the cephalic areas paralleling 
the edge of the alae; dorsal surface of abdomen somewhat rusty in 
female; brown color on each side of testes in male. The respiratory 


REVIEW OF GENUS ARGULUS—MEEHEAN 491 


areas are composed of an oblong one anteriorly near the base of the 
second maxillae and smaller than the other, which is some distance 
posterior to it (fig. 30, a). The females measure to 8.5 mm. and the 
males to 4 mm. The hosts are Lepidopsetta bilineata and Cymato- 
gaster aggregatus from Departure Bay, British Columbia. 


al (Hf 


Ficurp 30.—Argulus borealis: a, Respiratory areas; b, ribs of suction cups; ec, accessory 
organs of second, third, and fourth legs. 


Suction cups with the rims supported by ribs composed of an 
elongate rod and four to six overlapping plates (fig. 30, 6). Mar- 
ginal lappets delicate. Second maxillae with a wide basal plate, teeth 
long and pointed; postmaxillary spines also long. 

Antennae very trim; spines narrow, lateral hook sharp, anterior 
knob slender, ventral median spine prominent, spines at the base of 
the antennae and near midventral line long. Flagellum of first 
antennae longer than the lateral hook; second antennae extending 
almost to the edge of carapace. 

Thoracic appendages without flagella. The posterior surface of 
the fourth appendage of the female with a somewhat bilobed fleshy 
prolongation of the coxa. Second appendage of male with a slight 
ventral posterior lobe (fig. 30, ¢). Third pair with an anterior 
rounded swelling on the coxa and a broadening of the same segment 
posteriorly where the socket is located. There is a posterior bilobed 
natatory flap on the coxa of the fourth appendages; the basal seg- 
ments of the appendage are short and broad, with a ridge around the 
base of the peg on the distal anterior edge of the basis. The peg is 
a large, round prominence near the base of the exopod with a con- 
cavity around it. There is a bulbous papilla at the posterior end of 
the thorax near the male opening. 


492 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 88 
ARGULUS MEGALOPS Smith 
FIGURE 31 


Argulus megalops SmirH, 1873, p. 575—WILson, 1902, p. 706, pls. 11, 26; 1932, 
p. 16, fig. 5. 
Argulus varians BrrE, 1936, p. 579, pl. 1, figs. 11-16. 


Carapace elliptical, male more rounded, in most instances reaching 
third appendages on both sexes, but on Florida specimens it may 
extend onto abdomen; cephalic area prominent, eyes large, well sepa- 
rated; posterior sinus broad, alae rounded; last segment of thorax 
broadened laterally, almost as wide as abdomen. Abdomen of female 
subtriangular, sinus shallow; male elliptical, connected to thorax by a 
narrow neck, almost as long as female, sinus shallower, anal furcae 
basal. The respiratory areas well separated, anterior one compara- 
tively large, posterior with lobed margin (fig. 31,6). Female up to 
7 mm. in length and male the same size. U.S.N.M. No. 60462, labeled 
A. megalops var. spinosus, is apparently not different from the reg- 
ular species, except that there is less color and the spines on the 
ventral surface of the carapace show up better. Both have a very 
spinose under surface. Specimens labeled A. warians in the Bass 
Biological Laboratory differ only in a considerable variation of the 
size of the carapace. Other characters are identical. 

Antennae slender, spines and hooks slender, lateral hook short, 
curved back on itself sharply, anterior knob long, with slight hook; 
spine on ventral surface of hook long and curved; slender spines 
present at base of first and second antennae and at midline; second 
antennae reaching almost to edge of carapace, many setae at each 
joint and on tip. 

Suction cups small, separated somewhat, rim supported by ribs 
made up of an elongate rod and four to nine apparently imbricate 
plates (fig. 31, a). Second maxillae with broad basal plate having 
three slender widely spaced teeth; two postmaxillary pairs also 
slender. 

Swimming appendages without flagella. Female with slender 
boot-shaped lobe with a broad heel and slender toe on posterior sur- 
face of fourth appendage. This varies somewhat in size. Tactile 
papillae slender and small. 

Male third appendage with a fingerlike projection on the dorsal 
anterior distal edge of the coxa pointing anterolaterally, and on the 
posterior surface of the same segment is a large rounded lobe con- 


REVIEW OF GENUS ARGULUS—MEEHEAN 493 


taining the socket (fig. 31, ¢). The fourth appendages have a pos- 
terior flap, which is squarely truncate. There is the usual chitinous 
ridge surrounding the base of the peg. The peg is a rounded ball on 
a narrower neck at the distal anterior edge of the basis. Mesial to 
this is a triangular flap projecting anteriorly and turned ventrally 
at the tip. The top of the peg seems to be faceted. There is a broad 
papilla at the male opening between the bases of the fourth 
appendages. 


4 b 


Ficurp 31.—Argulus megalops: a, Ribs of suction cups; 0b, respiratory areas; c, male 
accessory organs of third and fourth legs. 


The host and localities have been reported as follows: Myoxoceph- 
alus octodecimspinosus, Salt Harbor, New Brunswick; Pseudo- 
pleuronectes americanus, Paralichthys dentaius, Hippoglossoides 
platessoides, Lophopsetta maculata, Prionotus carolinus, Myoxoceph- 
alus octodecimspinosus, Lophius piscatorius, Microgadus tomcod, 
and from tows in the Woods Hole region; and finally from the bat- 
fish (Ogcocephalus sp.), the pinfish (Lagodon rhomboides), the 
suckingfish (Hcheneis naucrates), and the spiny toadfish (Chilo- 
mycterus spinosus), on the Gulf coast of Florida. 


494 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88 
ARGULUS JAPONICUS Thiele 
FIGURE 32 


Argulus japonicus THIELE, 1900, p. 48; 1904, p. 39, figs. 94-98——Wiutson, 1902, 
p. 727.—Toxtoka, 1986a, p. 334, pl. 21, figs. 1, 2.—Yamacutti, 1937, p. 781, 
figs. 1-9. 

Argulus trilineatus Witson, 1904, p. 651, figs. 34-388.—GuUBERLET, 1928, p. 35, 
figs. 1-7.—MEEHEAN, 19387, pp. 288-292, pl. 1. 

Carapace elliptical, covering third swimming appendages or reach- 
ing fourth; eyes well separated, cephalic area not very broad; sinuses 
shallow; abdomen small and spindle shaped; anal sinus deep, anal 
furcae basal, sides flaring on female, not on male. Anterior respira- 
tory area small, subtriangular, posterior one large and reniform 
(fig. 32,6). The dorsal ridges are branched. Both males and females 
have been reported up to about 6 mm. in length. 


Ficurp 32.—Argulus japonicus: a, Ribs of suction cups; 0b, respiratory areas; c, male 
accessory organs of second, third, and fourth legs. 


Antennae small, an anterior knob on the base of the first pair, 
spines at the base of both pairs and near the midline. Suction cups 
with an elongate basal segment and five to seven imbricate plates in 
the ribs (fig 32, a@); marginal lappets about six or seven between 
the ribs. Second maxillae with broad basal plate having blunt teeth 
widely separated; spines near midline about the same size as the 
teeth. 

Swimming appendages with flagella, posterior surface of coxa on 
fourth appendage of female with fleshy rounded lobe. On the male 
the second appendages have a bilobed posterior protuberance with 
truncate spines along edge. It is placed somewhat obliquely across 
the coxa with the mesial lobe more dorsal and the distal portion of lobe 


REVIEW OF GENUS ARGULUS—MEEHEAN 495 


somewhat longer. Between the second and third swimming legs is 
a slight spinous lobe on the lateral edges of the thorax directed from 
the base of the third thoracic appendage anteriorly (fig. 32, ¢). On 
the third and fourth appendages the basal segments are only about 
half as long as those of the two anterior pairs. The basal segment 
of the third pair is very broad, and a posterior lobe containing the 
socket extends about two-thirds the length of the segment. The 
peg is composed of a chitinous shovel-shaped lobe projecting laterally 
from the distal end of the basis, with a fleshy protuberance directed 
toward the appendage on the ventral side. Around the base of the 
peg is the usual ridge; the basis is enlarged posteriorly and a fleshy 
posterior lobe is located on the coxa. There is a large papilla at 
the ejaculatory duct on the end of the thorax. 

The host in this country is the goldfish (Carassius auratus), and 
the species has been reported from almost every region where goldfish 
are found. 

ARGULUS LATICAUDA Smith 


FIGURE 33 


Argulus laticauda SMITH, 1878, p. 574.—WILSON, 1902, p. 705, pl. 10. 


Carapace longer than wide, alae reaching fourth appendages of 
male and abdomen on female; cephalic area broad and prominent, 
with deep sinuses, posterior sinus broad. Abdomen orbicular, about 
as wide as long; sinus about one-fourth the length of carapace and 
broad; anal furcae basal. The respiratory areas consist of an 
anterior smaller one opposite the maxillae and a posterior E-shaped 
larger one (fig. 33, a). Females have been reported to 7 mm. and 
males to 6 mm. 

Lateral hook of first antennae short but turned back on itself; 
anterior knob long with slight indication of a hook at the end; 
ventral spine on base of hook stout, spine at base of antenna broad 
with a blunt end; flagellum just reaching beyond lateral hook. 
Second antennae long, almost reaching the edge of the carapace; 
spine at base very broad, postantennal spine very broad and long. 

Suction cups small, rims supported by ribs made up of three or 
four straight rods (fig. 33,6). Marginal lappets very large. Second 
maxillae with narrow basal plate flaring widely into three truncated 
lobes, which may be squarely cut but usually appear to be worn in 
the center to give a slightly bilobed appearance. Postmaxillary 
spines short, broad, truncated, and fairly inconspicuous. 

Swimming appendages with flagella. Female with small boot- 
shaped natatory flap on posterior surface of coxa on fourth append- 
ages. Male accessory apparatus extremely complicated. Precoxa of 


496 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM yoL. 88 


second appendages on ventral side with a narrow chitinous strip, 
which projects posteriorly beyond the edge of the appendage (fig. 
33,¢). Coxa extremely broad with a broad, flat lobe along the whole 
posterior side, which has a machete-shaped lobe on the distal part 
of the appendage projecting ventrally from the posterior lobe so 
that it stands out from the appendage. The third appendages have 
the combined basal segments telescoped. Posteriorly there is a chi- 
tinous lamina projecting toward the body similar to the narrower one 
on the anterior appendage; it is about three times as broad as the 
latter. The remainder of the segments form a saddle over the fourth 
appendage by means of a ventral lobe on the distal end of the coxa 
and a dorsal lobe proximal to it. The exopod is broad at the base 


ALN yg © 


! 
Alt 


Fiegurp 33.—Argulus laticauda: a, Respiratory areas; b, ribs of suction cups; o, accessory 
organs on last three legs of male. 


with a large hump anteriorly which fits under the lobe of the 
anterior appendage. The fourth appendage also has short basal 
segments. Anteriorly the broad peg occupies more than half the 
space. It is projected out as a large papilla tipped on the distal 
edge by two chitinous cylindrical tips which extend down the side 
of the papilla. The posterior edge of the basis is expanded into a 
hatchet-shaped projection, while the coxa has a roughly boot-shaped 
one. The exopod is expanded slightly at the base. 

This species has been collected in tows at Vineyard Sound, Mass. ; 
on Anguilla rostrata, Pseudopleuronectes americanus, Paralichthys 
dentatus, Microgadus tomcod, Myoxocephalus scorpius, Opsanus tau, 


REVIEW OF GENUS ARGULUS—MEEHEAN 497 


all from the Woods Hole region; Promicrops itaira, Dry Tortugas; 
and from Opsanus tau, Pteroplatea maclura, and Amphotistius say 
in the Gulf of Mexico. 


ARGULUS RETICULATUS Wilson 


Ficure 34 


Argulus reticulatus WiILSon, 1920b, p. 2, pl. 1. 


Carapace elliptical; cephalic area slightly prominent, posterior 
sinus shallow and rectangular; eyes small, widely spaced; alae over- 
lapping abdomen on female and about reaching it on the male. Ab- 
domen ovate, anal sinus shallow and narrow. Anterior respiratory 
area subtriangular, posterior one very large and reniform (fig. 34, 6). 


Ficurn 34.—Argulus reticulatus: a, Rib of suction cup; b, respiratory area; c, accessory 
organs of second and third legs of male; d, fourth leg with peg. 


498 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88 


Antennae short; anterior hook with broad base; spines present on 
the ventral surface of the lateral hook and at the base of the first 
and second antennae and near the midline of the body. The two 
latter somewhat stout. Suction cups with ribs composed of a series 
of rectangular rods, the distal one pointed (fig. 34, a). Maxillae 
slender, basal plate with three rounded teeth; first pair of maxillary 
spines pointed, second pair rounded. 

Thoracic appendages with flagella. Second appendages of male 
with a bilobed protuberance on the posterior surface of the coxa. 
Third appendages with a large circular lobe containing the socket 
projecting posteriorly from the coxa, but overlapping part of the 
basis (fig. 34, ¢). On the fourth appendages is the usual natatory 
lobe on the posterior surface of the coxa. The peg is very much en- 
larged, but with the usual small tip. Extending along the ventral 
surface of the peg toward the appendages is a fleshy papilla some- 
what like that on japonicus (fig. 34, d). 

The female measures to 8 mm. and the male to 6 mm. The host 
is Hydrocyon goliath from the Congo River, Africa. 


ARGULUS FUNDULI Kr¢gyer 
FIGURE 35 


Argulus funduli Kréyerr, 1863-64, p. 94, pl. 2, fig. 1—Wzutson, 1902, p. 710, pl. 14; 
1982, p. 18, fig. 1—THIEL, 1904, p. 34. 

Argulus latus SMITH, 1873, p. 574.—Wzutson, 1902, p. 704, pl. 9; 1982, p. 14, 
fig. 2. 

Carapace about as wide as long; cephalic area broad and prom- 
inent; eyes large and well separated; posterior sinus broad, alae 
reaching third appendages on both sexes. Abdomen of male el- 
liptical, half as wide as long, with the testes extending the full 
length to the sinus; female abdomen broader in proportion, with 
tips more widely separated; anal furcae basal. The respiratory 
areas are small and widely separated, somewhat circular in appear- 
ance; the anterior one ahead of the second maxillae and the posterior 
larger one behind the first swimming appendages (fig. 35, 0). 

The antennae are small, with a slight indication of an anterior 
knob; spine at base large, postantennal spines broader. Spine at base 
of second antennae smaller than those on first. Suction cups large, 
about one-third the width of the carapace; ribs in rim supported 
by 15 to 22 imbricate plates and a more elongate basal one (fig. 35, a). 
Marginal lappets very small. Second maxillae slender; basal plate 
broad and irregularly triangular, with one to three blunt teeth; the 
two pairs of postmaxillary spines lacking. 

Swimming appendages without flagella; fourth coxa of female 
with a small, rounded posterior lobe, whole protopod broader than 


REVIEW OF GENUS ARGULUS—MEEHEAN 499 


on anterior appendages. Third appendages of male have an anterior 
triangular flap from the distal edge of the coxa extending over the 
basis; the posterior surface of the same segment is enlarged where 
the socket is located (fig. 35,c). The socket itself is merely a shallow 
cup with a fleshy lip around it on the posterior surface of the seg- 
ment in contrast to the usual opening on the dorsal side. 

The peg appears as a fingerlike lobe curled mesially, with a second 
jobe proximally and pressed up against it. They are both located 
on the dorsal side of the segment in line with the end of the exopod. 
There is a chitinous ridge around its base, as in other species. 


i g 
UF 


Fieurn 35.—Argulus funduli: a, Ribs of suction cups; b, respiratory areas; c, male 
accessory organs of third and fourth legs. 


Smith’s description, of A. /atus is not full enough to enable one to 
determine whether he has established a true species. The specimens 
of A. fundult and A. latus in the National Museum seem to be iden- 
tical in every respect. Both have a slight lobe on the mesial side of 
the basal plate of the second maxillae, and they lack spines near the 
midline between them. They have 15 to 22 imbricate plates in the 
rim of the suction cups, with a slightly enlarged one at the base. 
The respiratory areas are similar on the two; the posterior lobe on 
the fourth swimming appendages of the female are alike. The 
antennae have a slight indication of an anterior knob on both species, 
with the spines at the base of the first antennae and the postantennal 
ones larger than the others. The carapace reaches or covers the 
third thoracic appendages. U.S.N.M. No. 60452 contained some 
immature males labeled A. /atus along with some females. The males 
were immature so that the accessory copulatory apparatus was not 
developed far enough to tell whether there were any specific differ- 
ences. It is therefore proposed that until the males are found these 
species be considered as synonymous. 


500 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88 


A. latus has been taken in surface tows at Vineyard Sound, Mass., 
in a brackish pond on Chappaquiddick Island, Mass., and in Casco 
Bay, Maine. 

A. funduli was described from specimens taken on Fundulus ocel- 
laris near New Orleans, La.; others from many fish at Waquott Hole 
and Woods Hole, Mass., and Long Island Sound; from FPundulus 
majalis at Beaufort, N. C.; Fundulus heteroclitus, St. Andrews, New 
Brunswick; a brackish pool at Meveitta, Fla.; on Menidia notata and 
Pseudopleuronectes americanus from the Passamaquoddy region; 
and on Lagodon rhomboides from the Gulf of Mexico. The females 
measure to 5 mm. and the males to 4 mm. 


ARGULUS VIOLACEUS Thomsen 


FIGURE 36 


Argulus violaceus THOMSEN, 1925, p. 185, figs. 1-15. 


Carapace elliptical, covering second appendages on female and 
reaching third ones on male; posterior sinus broad, eyes widely 
separated; cephalic area prominent and sinuses deep. Abdomen of 
male subtriangular, with broadest portion near anterior end; almost 
rectangular on female, with narrow neck attached to thorax; sinus 
broad, uniform in width, anal furcae basal, rounded. The testes 
extend almost the full length of the abdomen. 

Antennae arranged to accommodate them to the narrowness of the 
cephalic area. The lateral hook is pushed forward and bends back 
very far; anterior hook pushed mesially, very broad at base and long 
with a minute hook. A large spine located on the ventral surface 
of the lateral hook, spine at base of second antenna long and blunt, 
that at base of the first is broader and those near the midline very 
broad and blunt. Second antennae extending to the edge of the 
carapace. 

Suction cups small and widely separated. Rim narrow with ribs 
composed of a somewhat J-shaped basal rod and an oblong distal 
one, marginal lappets blunt and rounded (fig. 36, @). Second maxil- 
lae slender, basal plate with three broad rounded lobes, and both 
pairs of spines near the midline rounded with spinous pads on them. 
Anterior respiratory area subtriangular located near suction cups, 
with the posterior one extending to the end of the alae (fig. 36, 0). 

Thoracic appendages with flagella, very stout and short on the 
female; thorax slightly widened between third and fourth pairs; on 
the male the coxa is slightly broader than the width of the second 
appendage. The third appendages are peculiar in that the basal 


% 


REVIEW OF GENUS ARGULUS—MEEHEAN 501 


segments are only as long as the coxa of the second one; coxa with 
a bilobed papilla on the anterior surface; basis short and unmodi- 
fied. The first segment of the endopod is very broad, with a spine 
in the middle of the ventral surface and a longer sharper one on the 
anterior distal surface at the base of the distal segment. The distal 
segment is curved, with long curved setae that fold over from both 
edges, which are peculiar in that they bend toward the posterior of 
the segment and are found on both edges instead of only one as in 
other species. The exopod originates on the dorsal surface of the 
basis and curves laterally reaching to the middle of the distal segment 
of the endoped. The socket can be seen from the dorsal side as a 
lobe rounded posteriorly from the coxa (fig. 36, ¢). 


AG gee 


ay, : nee ee 
SX) ae 
0) 
pee 


a 


Y 


FicurEe 36.—Argulus violaceus: a, Ribs of suction cups; 6, respiratory areas; c, accessory 
organs of third and fourth legs of male. 


The fourth appendages have a slight rounded lobe on the posterior 
of the coxa. Anteriorly there is a slight indication of a chitinous 
ridge around the base of the peg. The peg is a mounded, button- 
shaped, chitinous papilla, with a slight concavity on the top. The 
exopod originates on the dorsal side of the basis as on the third 
appendages, with a triangular flap over the peg, as seen from the 
dorsal side. The basal segments of the fourth appendages are cov- 
ered by the abdomen. . 

The female is 6.5 mm. and male 5mm. The hosts are Pledostomus 
commersonii from Uruguay and Rhamdia quelea. 


502 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 88 
ARGULUS SALMINEI Kr¢gyer 


FIGurRE 37 


Argulus salminei Kr¢yeR, 1863-64, p. 89, pl. 1, fig. 1. 

Argulus paulensis Wi1Lson, 1924, p. 4, pl. 1, figs. 1-5. 

Carapace wider than long, reaching third appendages on male and 
overlapping them on the female. Cephalic area prominent, sinuses 
shallow. Eyes light colored and widely separated; dorsal ridges 
divergent anteriorly, extending very far anteriorly toward the edge 
of the carapace. Abdomen of female wider than long, anal sinus 
one-fourth the length, seminal receptacles large; male abdomen 
longer than wide, anal sinus very shallow and broad, testes occupy- 
ing most of the available space; anal furnace basal, elongate. 

_Antennae slender, slight knob on anterior of lateral hook, which 
is bent in an arc, distal end of flagellum opposed by a prominent 
seta; second antennae so slender that the basal segments grade into 
the distal ones, spines slight, chitinous protuberances almost absent 
at base of second antennae but larger on ventral of first antennae 
and at base and near midline of the body. There is not so great a 
differentiation of the segments of the antennae as in other species. 

Suction cups with narrow rims, supporting ribs tapered and 
broken into 9 or 10 segments, marginal lappets numerous between the 
ribs (fig. 37, ¢). Second maxillae with broad basal plate slightly 
lobed, medial lobe somewhat longer and narrower; two pairs of 
postmaxillary spines conspicuous or not, but present at least as 
chitinous prominences. 

Swimming appendages with flagella, which are very stout on the 
female and tipped with very long setae. Appendages of female 
normal, with a small, boot-shaped, natatory lobe on fourth. Second 
swimming appendage of male has the usual posterior bilobed lamella 
but with the proximal lobe abbreviated and the distal one elongate 
(fig. 87, a). The lobe enclosing the socket on the posterior of the 
third appendage is located dorsally over the groove dividing the 
basis and coxa, so that the location of the socket cannot be noted from 
a ventral view, because the opening is on the segment proper rather 
than on the lobe. The peg isa triangular prolongation of the anterior 
edge of the basis ending in a number of points; dorsally the end is 
an oddly shaped movable hook with a flat surface underneath. On 
the ventral surface of the peg is a fleshy papilla projecting medially 
much as in japonicus. The coxa has a small, boot-shaped, natatory 
lobe posteriorly, well armed with long setae. There is a broad papilla 
near the male opening. 

The respiratory areas are composed of an anterior subtriangular 
smaller one and a posterior large one with a notch in the middle of 


REVIEW OF GENUS ARGULUS—MEEHEAN 503 


the mesial side (fig. 37, 6). The females measure up to 8 mm. and 
the males to about half that size. The host is the “Italrirana” in 
Brazil. It is a fresh-water species. 

Thiele (1904) showed a pair of spinous prominences on the ante- 
rior surface of the basis on the third swimming appendage. The 
specimens at hand have one prominent one on the dorsal side of this 
appendage, with the rest of the anterior appendage rounded to fit 
under the lobe or pad projecting from the posterior surface of the 
second appendage. 


Ficurn 37.—Argulus salminei: a, Accessory organs of last three legs of male; b, respiratory 
areas; ¢, ribs of suction cups. 


On the dorsal side the base of the coxa projects posteriorly as a 
rounded prominence, so that from a ventral view the tip appears as 
a spinous pad median to the rounded voluminous swelling enclosing 
the socket. The opening of the socket is an oblong slit, which is very 
long to correspond to the size of the large pad. 

Two specimens labeled A. nattereri (Heller), No. 1261-91/435, are 
identical with A. paulensis Wilson. The largest of these was 10.4 mm. 
long. They do not fit Thiele’s description of the type for nattereri 
in two particulars—the anterior protuberance on the first antenna is 
a knob rather than a hook, and the teeth on the basal plate of the 
maxillae are short and broadly rounded rather than long and slender. 

Both groups of specimens seem to fit the description of A. salminet 
Kréyer, as given by Thiele, in every detail except one. He says that 
there are about seven segments in the ribs of the suction cups. The 
two groups in the Museum have about 16, and 9 or 10, respectively. 
Since these divisions are somewhat dependent upon the size of the 
animal and are the same in shape, the number of segments is not 
significant. The male accessory appendages of paulensis and salminet 
are alike. The former therefore becomes synonymous with the latter, 


004 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 88 


and the specimens labeled nattereri are really the same as these. No 
respiratory areas have been figured for any of these. They are, 
however, included in the present description. 


ARGULUS AMERICANUS Wilson 


Figure 38 


Argulus americanus WILSON, 1902, p. 718, pl. 21, pl. 26, figs. 84-86; 1904, p. 627, 
figs. 1-21. 

Carapace about as wide as long, overlapping the abdomen in both 
sexes, alae overlapping thorax and truncate on large females; 
cephalic area prominent, sinuses not deep. Abdomen subtriangular, 
about as wide as or wider anteriorly than the length; sinus one-fifth 
to one-fourth length of abdomen, sides diverging, anal furcae subter- 
minal and large. The respiratory areas are peculiar in that the 


of 


Ficurn 38.—Argulus americanus: a, Male accessory organs of last three legs; b, ribs of 
suction cups; ¢, respiratory areas; d, dorsal view of second male appendage. 


smaller is oblong and located in a notch in the larger one, mesially 
and anterior to it (fig. 38, c). Females have been reported up to 
12 mm. and males of about the same size. 

Antennae deeply sunk into carapace, very characteristic since bases 
of first antennae are usually prolonged mesially into a knob; there is 
an extra spine between that at the base of the first antennae and the 
postantennal spine, making three pairs in a row. The lateral hook 
is bent posteriorly; base of segment enlarged into an anterior knob, 
rather than the usual more mesial one; ventral spine large; second 
antennae with large spine at the base; basal segments not very large, 
others progressively smaller and armed with setae. 

Suction cups with rims supported by ribs composed of two or three 
elongate rods, interior ones longer than outer (fig. 38, 0). Second 


REVIEW OF GENUS ARGULUS—MEEHEAN 505 


maxillae about normal, basal plate with the two mesial teeth more 
pointed than lateral broad one; postmaxillary spines blunt and 
rounded. 

Swimming appendages with flagella. Female with boot-shaped 
lobe on postericr surface of fourth coxa; tactile papillae long and 
stout. Second appendage of male with a lobe on the posterior surface 
of the coxa prolonged laterally almost as long as the basis, a short 
flagellumlike papilla on the middle posterior surface of the coxa 
underneath the posterior ventral lobe (fig. 38, 7). Third appendage 
with a club-shaped lobe on the anterior distal edge of the coxa extend- 
ing over the basis to the exopod; on the posterior surface of the basis 
is a flat lobe with the socket opening on its dorsal surface (fig. 38, a). 
The peg, with an armed ridge around its base, is located on the basis 
of the fourth appendage; the posterior boot-shaped lobe extends 
laterally about to the distal end of the basis and is covered entirely 
by the abdomen. 

From the host Ama calva it has been reported from Ann Arbor, 
Mich.; Lake Maxinkuckee and Kankakee River, Ind.; Fairport, 
Iowa; from Umbra lini at Fairport, lowa; from Ama calva, Ocean 
Pond, Lake City, Fla.; and from Hsox nobilior, Clayton, N. Y. 

Approximately one-third of the type specimens of americanus, 
U.S.N.M. No. 20940, are spotted like maculosus. In the same way 
many specimens of the latter are unspotted, so that the color is not 
a specific character. 


ARGULUS VERSICOLOR Wilson 
FIGURE 39 
Argulus versicolor WILsoNn, 1902, p. 716, pl. 20, pl. 26, fig. 88; 1904, p. 643, figs. 
22-33. 

Carapace only slightly longer than wide, alae overlapping abdomen 
slightly on the male and just reaching it on the female; cephalic area 
prominent, lateral sinuses not deep. Abdomen ovate in female, sub- 
triangular in male; anal sinus very shallow, furcae subterminal and 
fairly large. Distinctive dark coloring along depressions in alae and 
posterior of cephalic areas, between dorsal ridges and along intestinal 
tract through abdomen. Wilson states that these are variegated in 
natural color. Smaller respiratory area rounded and located in a 
notch on the mesial side of the larger one (fig. 39, a). Females are 
reported up to 6 mm., males to 4.5 mm. The hosts and localities are 
as follows: Esoa reticularis, Warren and Worcester, Mass.; Patapsco 
Relay, Md.; Lake Maxinkuckee, Ind.; “pickerel,” Valdosta, Ga. 

First antennae with anterior knob, broad ventral spine, and large 
spine at base; second antennae with broad spine at base; broad post- 


506 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL, 88 


antennal spine and an extra one between that and the one at the base 
of the first antennae, making three in a row. 

Suction cups have ribs made up of an oblong basal plate and two 
to four somewhat oblong shorter ones (fig. 39, b). These differ from 
maculosus in that the distal plates are oblong rather than rectangular 
and the basal plate is long and narrow without a broad base. The 
second maxillae have long widely spaced teeth, with the two pairs of 
spines near the midline of the body stout and long, the posterior pair 
very near the basal plate. These teeth are slenderer than in maculosus. 


O 


ot Tih a 
Ficurp 39.—Argulus versicolor: a, Respiratory areas; b, ribs of suction cups; c, male 
accessory organs of last three legs. 


c 


Flagella are present on the swimming legs. There is a slight lamella 
on the posterior of the coxa of the third appendages of the female; 
the usual natatory lobe on the posterior of the fourth appendage but 
without a heel; large females may have a lamella on the basis also, 
tactile papillae very long. 

On the male the second appendages have the usual bilobed pad on 
the posterior ventral side of the coxa armed with short spines (fig. 
39, c). On the third appendages there is a lamella on the posterior 
surface of the basis, with a rounded lobe on the coxa that accommo- 
dates the socket. Dorsally there is a large rounded papilla on this 
segment, with a groove running posteriorly to the opening of the 
socket. The fourth legs of the male have a posterior lamella ex- 
panded somewhat laterally over the basis. Anteriorly there is the 
usual chitinous ridge medially around the base of the peg, while the 
peg itself is pear-shaped, with a broad base and narrow tip projected 


REVIEW OF GENUS ARGULUS—MEEHEAN 507 


laterally. The exopods are distinguished from those of other species 
by being dark in contrast to the endopods. 


ARGULUS MACULOSUS Wilson 
FIGURE 40 


Argulus maculosus Witson, 1902, p. 715, pl. 19, ne 26, fig. 82; 1907, p. 416, 
pl. 31, figs. 15-22; 1914, p. 354. 

Carapace about as wide as long; sinuses sharp but not deep, alae 
reaching or covering third appendages; abdomen on male almost 
rectangular, but subtriansular on female; anal sinus fairly deep, 
with sides flaring somewhat. Tactile papillae very prominent. The 
respiratory areas consist of a small one in a notch on the mesial 
side of the larger (fig. 40, a). 

Antennae with three spines along the midline, the posterior one 
broader and longer. There is an anterior hook on first antennae 
as compared with a knob on americanus, but the knob on proximal 
edge of basal segment of first antennae is not so prominent. There 
is a slight papilla above spine at base of second antennae. Suction 
cups supported by ribs composed of three to eight rods, as compared 
with two in americanus (fig. 40, 6). Basal plate of second maxil- 
lae with long teeth, plate narrow, postmaxillary spines long. 

Swimming appendages with flagella; fourth appendage of female 
with boot-shaped lobe with broad heel, extending beyond the ab- 
domen; third appendages with slight posterior ridge, precoxae long, 
especially on male. Second thoracic appendages of male with the 
usual posterior lobe but extended laterally (fig. 40, ¢). It does not 
have the papilla under it that is found in americanus. Third ap- 
pendage with anterior flap on coxa extending over basis; basis ex- 
panded posteriorly with socket. The peg is very broad at the base 
extending over the whole anterior surface of the basis; the tip is 
unusually large and turned somewhat anteriorly. The posterior lobe 
of the coxa is extended laterally around the basis. 

There is considerable similarity between americanus and maculo- 
sus and between the females of versicolor and the other two. A. ma- 
culosus can be separated from americanus by the following points 
of difference: On the former the rounded anterior respiratory area 
is small and mesial, but on the latter it is large and at the antero- 
mesial corner of the larger, more posterior one. The former has an 
anterior hook on the first antennae, while on the latter there is a 
knob. On maculosus the third spines at the midline near the an- 
tennae are longer and larger, and the mesial knob at the base of 
the first antennae is not very prominent. There are four to six rods 
in the sucking disks of maculosus and only two in americanus. The 


508 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM YOL. 88 


teeth on the basal plate of the maxillae of maculosus are long com- 
pared with a lateral broad one in americanus; the extra flagellum- 
like papilla under the posterior lobe on the second thoracic ap- 
pendages of the male of americanus is missing in maculosus. 

A. versicolor differs from americanus in that it has respiratory 
areas like those in maculosus. It has an anterior knob on the an- 
tennae instead of the anterior hook, and the teeth of the basal plate 
on the second maxillae are slender. 


Aenea 
B( © 


J 


ae ranean 
b a 


Ficurp 40.—Argulus maculosus: a, Respiratory areas; b, ribs of suction cups; c, male 
accessory organs of last three legs. 


It differs from maculosus in that the three spines at the base of 
the antennae are about the same size. The rods in the ribs of the 
suction cups are composed of a narrow elongate basal and distal 
oblong segments as compared with a broad basal and rectangular 
distal segments on maculosus. ‘The teeth on the second maxillae 
are very slender and widely spaced as compared with the closely 
spaced ones on maculosus. The male accessory apparatus is entirely 
different and characteristic. 

This species has been reported from Ameiurus nebulosus, A. nata- 
lis, and Ambloplites rupestris from Lake Maxinkuckee, Ind.; and 
from Ameturus natalis, Lost Lake, Ind. Females measure to 10 mm. 
and males to 7 mm. in length. This species also occurred in a col- 
lection sent me by Dr. Bangham from Woodmere, Fla., on the chub 
sucker (HLrimyzon sucetia). 

The type specimens for maculosus, U. S. N. M. No. 28987, are 
typical americanus, as well as No. 12226. Judged from Wilson’s 


REVIEW OF GENUS ARGULUS—MEEHEAN 509 


description and figures (1902, pp. 715-716, pl. 19), he seems to have 
separated the species according to the presence or absence of pig- 
ment spots. On about one-third of the types of americanus one may 
note the typical flecks that he indicates as characteristic of maculosus. 
The remaining vials do contain specimens with the characters 
outlined above, some of which may be designated as types for the 
species. There is no such specimen as that from which he described 
the species and which was probably aberrant. 


ARGULUS MISSISSIPPIENSIS Wilson 
FIcuRE 41 
Argulus mississippiensis WILSON, 1916, p. 350, pl. 61, figs. 13-15; pl. 62, fig. 21; 
pl. 63. 


Carapace subcircular, wider than long, alae somewhat truncate 
posteriorly so that lobes just about reach abdomen; eyes small and 
widely separated; abdomen one-fourth the total length of the body, 


Ficurp 41.—Argulus mississippiensis: a, Accessory organs of last three legs of male; 
b, respiratory areas; c, ribs of suction cups. 


510 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vob. 88 


roughly rectangular in shape; anal sinus deep, sides flaring on female 
and in contact on male, lobes pointed with anal furcae simulating a 
second more median tip to the lobes of the abdomen; anterior end of 
abdomen square. The whole effect of the animal is very flattened 
and leaflike, flecked with brown. 

The lateral hook on the antennae is curved in an arc instead of 
being more sharply bent; anterior hook curved as well as the spine 
on the midventral surface of the hook. Spine at base of first antennae 
small, those near midline of body larger, all sharp. Tip of first 
antennae biramous, second antennae short. 

Suction cups small, edge supported by ribs composed of three or 
four rods, with slight indications of others; about four triangular 
lappets on the edge of the disk between the ribs (fig. 41, ¢). Second 
maxillae short and stout, basal plate with sharp teeth; anterior pair 
of postmaxillary spines very small, posterior pair hardly discernible 
or lacking. 

Swimming appendages with flagella on the two anterior pairs. 
Each of the first three pairs on the female with posterior ventral 
ridges or lobes on the coxa progressively larger toward the third one. 
Fourth appendage with a broadly rounded lamella on both the coxa 
and basis. Tactile papillae fairly large. 

First swimming appendage of the male with a slight ridge across 
the posterior ventral edge of the coxa. Second appendage with a 
broad irregular lobe on posterior edge of coxa with distal edge longer. 
On the dorsal side the posterior edge of the coxa is prolonged into a 
machete-shaped flap directed toward the body over the base of the 
third appendages (fig. 41, a). 

The third appendages have the precoxa somewhat enlarged; pos- 
terior ventral edge of the coxa lobed, with the distal edge prolonged 
laterally over the basis and the anterior distal edge prolonged as a 
flap over it. The toe of the posterior lobe covers the broadened por- 
tion of the basis, which contains the socket. There is a slight knob on 
the distal anterior end of the endopod. 

There are two posterior lamellae on the fourth appendages similar 
to those of the female. The peg is very stout but ends in a narrow 
curved tip with a blade-shaped chitinous process under the tip. It is 
surrounded with a chitinous ridge, as in other species. The smaller 
rounded respiratory area fits into a concavity in the side of the semi- 
lunar large one that extends to the second maxillae (fig. 41, 6). 

The females have been reported to 19 mm. and the males to 12.5 mm. 
A. mississippiensis is about as large as A. nobilis but very much more 
flattened and expanded. The hosts are Lepisosteus osseus and Cylin- 
drosteus platostomus from Fairport, Iowa. 


REVIEW OF GENUS ARGULUS—MEEHEAN Hild 


ARGULUS CATOSTOMI Dana and Herrick 
Fiaure 42 


Argulus catostomit DANA and Herrick, 1837, p. 297, pl. 1, figs. 1-11.—Mirng 
Epwarps, 1840, p. 445.—THoRELL, 1865, p. 60.—Wuson, 1902, p. 709, pl. 13.— 
THIELE, 1904, p. 25, figs. 53-58. 

Carapace orbicular, usually wider than long, about reaching abdo- 
men; abdomen relatively small, rounded, with sinus one-fifth to one- 
third the length. First antennae without spine at the base or on 
ventral surface of hook; anterior knob present, flagellum with seta 
opposing the distal segments; second antennae without a spine at the 
base, spine present near midline of body. The respiratory areas are 
composed of the smaller rounded one set in a notch mesially, about 
the middle of the larger, and about opposite the second maxillae (fig. 
42, a). The females have been reported up to 12 mm. long and the 
males to 6 mm. 


: 
ah 


WIGURE 42.—Argulus catostomi: a, Respiratory areas; b, male accessory organs of last 
three legs; c, ribs of suction cups. 


Ey PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you. 88 


Suction cups supported by a series of seven to nine short rods becom- 
ing progressively smaller toward the edge of the rim, distal ones with 
only one side of rod thickened giving a C-shaped effect (fig. 42, c). 
Second maxillae stout, basal plate broad with three (sometimes two or 
four) broad stout teeth on the edge, lateral tooth stouter than others; 
the usual two pairs of postmaxillary spines absent. 

The swimming appendages have flagella. Female with a flat lamella 
on the basis of the fourth appendages and a somewhat boot-shaped 
lamella on the coxa. There is a slight widening of the coxa of the 
third appendage to form a posterior ridge. 

Second appendage of male has the usual posterior armored pad on 
coxa, which is peculiar in that it is highest on the distal end of the coxa 
and forms a saddle to fit over the next appendage. The third append- 
age has a flap on the anterior distal edge of the coxa extending over 
the basis to the exopod (fig. 42, 6). From the posterior of the same 
segment extends a battle-ax-shaped fiap over the fourth appendage 
and laterally over the basis covering the lobe containing the socket. 
The exopod has a knee at the base. The fourth appendage has the 
usual peg with a small prolongation to form the tip which is some- 
what enlarged with a ridge around the base. The posterior surface 
of the coxa is prolonged into a boot-shaped flap. 

This species has been taken on carp (Cyprinus carpio) at Fairbury, 
Ill.; from Hrimyzon. sucetta oblongus at Warren, Mass.; Catostomus 
commersonit at New Haven, Conn., Woods Hole, Mass., and Lake 
Champlain and Oneida Lake, N. Y.; and on C. commersonit, C. nigri- 
cans, and @. catostomus in Lake Maxinkuckee, Ind. In Connecticut 
and Massachusetts it was found in brackish water, but in fresh water 


elsewhere. 
ARGULUS APPENDICULOSUS Wilson 


Figure 43 


Argulus appendiculosus Witson, 1907, p. 419, pl. 32, figs. 28-30. 
Argulus biramosus BErE, 1931, p. 428, figs. 1-7. 

Carapace slightly longer than wide, reaching abdomen in male, 
shorter on female; cephalic area not prominent. Abdomen spindle- 
shaped, lobes pointed; anal furcae almost basal, diverging laterally 
and truncated; sinus about half the length of the abdomen. The 
respiratory areas consist of a small mesial rounded one fitted into a 
notch in the larger lateral one (fig. 48, 6). The male has been reported 
up to about 10 mm. in length and the female considerably larger. 

First antennae with no anterior knob, no spine on ventral median 
surface or at base; flagellum biramous. Second antennae with no 
spine at base, spine near midline long and blunt, flagellum well sup- 


REVIEW OF GENUS ARGULUS—MEEHEAN SB le 


plied with setae. Suction cups about one-fifth width of carapace, rim 
supported by ribs with two segments, edge with truncated lobes armed 
with delicate setae as opposed to triangular lobes of other species (fig. 
43,a). Second maxillae with blunt teeth and two pairs of blunt post- 
maxillary spines near midline. 


a 


Ficurp 43.—Argulus appendiculosus: a, Ribs of suction cups; 6, respiratory areas; c¢, 
male accessory organs of last three legs. 


Swimming appendages with flagella, female with boot-shaped 
lamella posteriorly, which extends beyond the margin of the abdo- 
men; on the male the lamella is prolonged and turned anteriorly 
so that the end is parallel with the anterior edge of the fourth ap- 
pendages. The second appendage of the male has a broad lobe on 
the posterior ventral edge of the coxa, which is slightly prolonged 
laterally with long setae on it (fig. 43, ¢). On the third appendage 
the coxa has a triangular lamella extending over the basis and a 
posterior one also projecting laterally. The posterior surface of 
the basis beneath the lateral lobe of the posterior lamella is slightly 
enlarged to accommodate the socket with its opening directed dor- 
sally. The basal joint of the endopod of the fourth appendage is 
broad and the terminal joint abbreviated on most mature males. 
The peg consists of a typical pear-shaped organ with a narrow tip 
directed laterally; around the base is the usual chitinous ridge run- 
ning obliquely across the basis; posteriorly this segment is rounded 
into a lobe. The posterior lamella has already been mentioned. 

The hosts and localities are as follows: Sucker (Catostomus sp.), 
Montpelier, Vt.; Zctalurus punctatus, grunt, Cumberland Falls, Ky.; 


514 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM yoL, 88 


Micropterus salmoides, Ictiobus cyprinella, I. bulbalus, Fairport, 
Towa; Dorosoma cepedianum, Promoxis annularis, Roccus chrysops, 
yellow perch (Perca flavescens), Little Star Lake, Wis.; Catostomus 
commersonii, Shenandoah River, Strasburg, Va.; Ameturus nebulosus 
in Lake Erie; and on catfish in Lake Dallas, Tex. 

The remains of specimens of béramosus in the U. S. National 
Museum are identical in every respect with appendiculosus. 


ARGULUS LEPIDOSTEI Kellicott 
FIGuRE 44 


Argulus lepidostei KEtiicott, 1877, p. 214, figs. 1, 2—-WILsoNn, 1902, p. 712, pl. 16; 
1916, p. 351, pl. 62, figs. 16-19, pls. 64, 65.—Tuieze, 1904, p. 27. 

Carapace elliptical, covering third appendages on female, almost 
to abdomen of male; abdomen ovate, broad at top on male, covering 
base of fourth appendages of both sexes; anal sinus deep, anal furcae 
over halfway from base, tips rounded. The respiratory areas ex- 
tend only as far forward as the second maxillae. The smaller one 
is set in a notch in the upper mesial side of the larger with a second 
notch below it and a widened posterior portion (fig. 44, b). 


Figurn 44.—Argulus lepidostei: a, Male accessory organs of last three legs; 0, respiratory 
areas; c, ribs of suction cups. 


First antennae with the lateral hook curved back, the anterior 
hook and midventral spine present, but no spine at the base. The 
tip of the flagellum is opposed by a slender branch. A larger spine 
is located at the base of the second antennae and a very large one 
near the midline of the body. ‘The basal segments are not very stout. 
The suctions cups are large and close together; rims supported by ribs 
made up of a series of eight or nine short rods progressively smaller 


REVIEW OF GENUS ARGULUS—MEEHEAN 515 


toward the edge (fig. 44, ¢). Marginal lappets long and slender. 
Second maxillae with a narrow basal plate, teeth standing out 
abruptly from it and very sharp. Two median pairs of spines very 
sharp, proximal tooth on plate more widely separated than other two. 

Swimming appendages with flagella. Prominent boot-shaped 
lamella on posterior surface of fourth appendage of female, tactile 
papillae prominent and long. Male second appendages with a very 
broad thin lamella on ventral posterior edge of coxa extending con- 
siderably back over the next appendage with a lateral prolongation 
of distal edge. Third appendages with a long somewhat triangular 
flap on the anterior surface extending from the distal end of the 
coxa over the basis to the base of the exopod. The basis is rounded 
posteriorly where the socket is located; there is a slight protuber- 
ance on the ventral side of this segment. The fourth appendage has 
a boot-shaped lamella of considerable size without a heel. The peg 
is located on the distal edge of the basis near the origin of the exopod 
and is pear-shaped, with a broad base and a narrow short projection 
laterally (fig. 44, a). Around the base obliquely across the segment 
is a chitinous ridge armed with short spines. The male opening is 
indicated by a stout cylindrical papilla at the end of the thorax 
between the appendages. 

Females have been reported up to 11 mm. and males to 8 mm. 
Found on Cylindrosteus platostomus and Lepisosteus osseus at De- 
fiance, Ohio; Fairport, Iowa; New York Aquarium (probably from 
Southern States) ; Buffalo, N. Y.; Kingston (State not indicated by 
Thiele) ; and Put-in-Bay, Ohio. Specimens were collected at Reel- 
foot Lake by Dr. C. L. Baker from the short-nose gar (Lepisosteus 
sp.). Dr. Bangham collected them in Florida on the spotted gar 
(Lepisosteus sp.) at Naples and in the Everglades Canal at Wood- 
mere and Englewood. 


ARGULUS NOBILIS Thiele 
Ficure 45 


Argulus nobilis THIELE, 1904, p. 28, figs. 64-76. 
Argulus ingens WiILson, 1912b, p. 233, pl. 30, pl. 31, fig. 7. 
Argulus nobilis var. ingens Wiison, 1924, p. 2. 

Carapace elliptical; cephalic area prominent in male, not so prom- 
inent in female; sinus extending to the middle of carapace or beyond; 
alae reaching to the edge of the abdomen. Abdomen heart-shaped 
in female, with anterolateral projections in male; anal sinus extend- 
ing almost to middle of abdomen in male, reaching middle in female; 
tips of abdomen pointed, sides of sinus flaring; anal furcae one-third 


516 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vob. 88 


to one-half distance to the base of sinus. Respiratory area as in 
figure 45, a. 

First antennae with anterior hook and a ventral spine, none at 
base; flagellum with biramous tip, one branch secondarily branched; 
second antennae with spine at base; third spine near midline. 

Suction cups with 12 to 14 segments in ribs supporting the rim 
(fig. 45, 6). Second maxillae stout, rounded papilla on posterior 
ventral surface of third joint opposing claws of terminal joint on 
male; basal plate with three sharp teeth, papilla small and round, 
armed with long setae; two pairs of postmaxillary spines sharp. 


i 


i i 
(ilk WH / 


FIGURE 45.—Argulus nobilis: a, Respiratory areas; b, ribs of suction cups; ¢c, accessory 
organs of last three legs of male. 


First two pairs of swimming legs with flagella; anterior distal end 
of proximal segment of endopod with a fingerlike projection; boot- 
shaped lamella on posterior coxa of fourth legs of female, lamella 
merely prolonged laterally on the male. Male first appendage with 
posterior lamella on coxa and a row of setae along posterior ventral 
edge; second appendage with usual bilobed lamella on coxa but distal 
end with perpendicular papilla, proximal part of lamella saddle- 
shaped from a lateral view (fig. 45, ¢) ; coxa of third has a long finger- 
like flap extending from the anterior distal edge of the segment over 
the basis to the expod; posteriorly the coxa is fringed with long setae. 
The socket is indicated by a rounded pocket on the posterior margin 
of the basis; the endopod is bent posteriorly at its origin and bowed 
anteriorly toward the joint. The fourth appendage has a lamella 
bearing setae on the posterior edge of the coxa, which is prolonged 


REVIEW OF GENUS ARGULUS—MEEHEAN 517 


laterally almost to the base of the endopod. The basis has a slight 
posterior rounded prominence with a few setae. The peg is set firmly 
on the anterior distal edge of the basis near the base of the exopod. It 
has the usual chitinous ridge running obliquely across the segment 
around its base; two rounded papillae indicate the opening of the 
ejaculatory duct at the end of the thorax. On the thorax of the male 
between the second and third swimming appendages is a pair of tri- 
angular flaplike structures, with the points of the flap directed 
anteriorly on each side of the body near the base of the appendage. 

Length of female up to 25 mm., males about 16 mm. The hosts are 
the alligator gar (Atractosteus tristoechus), from Louisiana, Texas, 
and Mississippi, and the long-nosed gar (Lepisosteus osseus), from 
Ocean Pond, Lake City, Fla. 


ARGULUS BICOLOR Bere 
FIGureE 46 


Argulus bicolor Bern, 1936, p. 580, pl. 2, figs. 17-23. 


Carapace longer than wide, rounding forward into lateral sinuses, 
cephalic area projecting forward prominently, posterior sinus broad; 
alae reaching fourth swimming appendages of female, extending onto 
abdomen in male; last thoracic segment broad, attached to abdomen 
by a slender neck; anterior respiratory area small, slightly oblong, 
posterior one about the same width, three times as long and slightly 
curved (fig. 46, a). Abdomen about one-third covered by carapace 
in male, anal sinus nearly half its length, papillae inconspicuous; 
anal sinus of female more than half the length of abdomen. 


a 


Ficurn 46.—Argulus bicolor: a, Respiratory areas; b, ribs of suction cups; c, male 
accessory organs of last three legs. 


518 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88 


Antennae somewhat compressed with a prominent anterior hook, 
lateral hook curved back on itself; spine at base of first antennae 
larger than those at base of second antennae and on ventral surface 
of lateral hook, postantennal spines still larger, all three very broad; 
second antennae long. Suction cups occupying almost full width of 
carapace; ribs composed of 6 to 10 imbricate plates and an elongate 
basal segment (fig. 46, 6). Second maxillae with two mesial spines 
of basal plate fairly sharp and short, lateral one broader with the 
spinous pad extending onto it. Postmaxillary spines very prominent. 

Swimming appendages short, without flagella, very broad dorso- 
ventrally; first, second, and third progressively longer, fourth short 
and stout, unmodified except broad coxa on male; female with bilobed 
natatory lobe on coxa; precoxa not apparent except natatory lobes, 
which are prominent and extend posteriorly in the male. 

Slight concavity on coxa of second swimming appendages with 
minute spines around the edge. The socket is a large rounded con- 
cavity on the coxa of the third appendages that fits over a swollen 
anterior surface of the coxa on the fourth leg rather than being a 
true peg. The precoxa is indicated by a somewhat triangular swim- 
ming lobe closely attached behind the abdomen (fig. 46, ¢). 

Taken on the needlefish (Strongylura notata) and sand bream 
(Archosargus wnimaculatus) in Lemon Bay, on the Gulf coast of 
Florida. 


ARGULUS FUSCUS Bere 
FIGURE 47 


Argulus fuscus BERE, 1936, p. 578, pl. 1, figs. 2-10. 


Carapace elongate, lateral sinuses shallow, cephalic area well 
marked; carapace reaching onto abdomen; posterior sinus about one- 
fourth its length, very narrow. Anterior respiratory area oblong, 
posterior one considerably wider and flaring to double the width of 
the anterior portion about halfway back (fig. 47, a@). In the male the 
abdomen is about one-third the total length, somewhat rectangular 
in shape, sinus shallow, sides flaring, anal furcae basal, testes very 
long, reaching sinus; abdomen oblong in female, with sinus reaching 
over half its length. 

Antennae with a prominent anterior hook, tip of lateral hook 
curved back on itself, flagellum of first and second antennae extend- 
ing beyond lateral hook, which is short. Ventral spine prominent, 
basal spines of first and second antennae much smaller than post- 
antennal spines. Suction cups with ribs composed of 6 or 7 imbricate 
plates and a rectangular segment (fig. 47, 6) in male and 12 to 14 in 
female, with the basal segment almost square. Second maxillae 


REVIEW OF GENUS ARGULUS—MEEHEAN 519 


with two mesial spines of basal plate narrow and blunt, distal one 
broad; postmaxillary spines long. 

Swimming appendages about the same length, quite stout in male, 
elongate in female; without flagella. Two anterior appendages of 
male unmodified. Third one with a rounded knob on the dorsal 
anterior side of the coxa, basis elongate with the socket extending 


FIGURD 47.—Argulus fuscus: a, Respiratory areas ; 0, ribs of suction cups; c, male accessory 
organs of last two legs. 


along the full length of the posterior edge, which is drawn out into a 
ventral flap. Fourth appendages of male very short and broad 
dorsoventrally. Peg a large knob on the anterior surface of the 
coxa; basis stout and horny, with a ridge forming a cup around the 
peg. Precoxa a triangular-shaped segment with base of triangle 
directed posteriorly and slightly lobed to form a natatory lobe 
(fig. 47, c); in female modified into a boot-shaped natatory lobe 
posteriorly. 

Taken on hogfish (Orthopristis chrysopterus) and silver perch 
(Bairdiella chrysura) in Lemon Bay, Gulf coast of Florida. 


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022 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM voL, 88 


WILSON, CHARLES BRANCH. 


1902. 


1904. 


1907. 


1908. 


1912a, 


1912b. 


1916. 


1918. 


1920a. 


1920b. 


1923. 


1924. 


1926. 


1927. 


19382. 


1935a. 
1935b. 
1936a. 


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YAMAGUTI, 


1937. 


North American parasitic copepods of the family Argulidae, with a 
bibliography of the group and a systematic review of all known 
species. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 25, pp. 635-742, 23 figs., 20 pls. 

A new species of Argulus, with a more complete account of two 
species already described. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 27, pp. 
627-655, 38 figs. 

Additional notes on the development of the Argulidae, with descrip- 
tion of a new species. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 32, pp. 411-424, 
4 pls. 

North American parasitic copepods: A list of those found upon the 
fishes of the Pacific coast, with descriptions of new genera and 
species. Proce. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 35, pp. 481-481, 18 pls. 

Parasitic copepods from Nanaimo, British Columbia, including eight 
species new to science. Contr. Can. Biol., 1906-1910, pp. 85-101, 
7 pis. 

Descriptions of new species of parasitic copepods in the collections 
of the United States National Museum. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 
42, 233-2438, 5 pls. 

Copepod parasites of fresh-water fishes and their economic relations 
to mussel glochidia. Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., vol. 34 (1914), pp. 
333-3874, 15 pls. 

The copepod parasites [of Lake Maxinkuckee]. Proc. Indiana Acad. 
Sci., 1918, pp. 230-231. 

Argulidae from the Shubenacadie River, Nova Scotia. Can. Field 
Nat., vol. 34, pp. 149-151. 

Parasitic copepods from the Congo Basin. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. 
Hist., vol. 48, pp. 1-8, 3 pls. 

New species of parasitic copepods from southern Africa. Gdotesborgs 
Kungl. Vet.-Samh. Handl., ser. 4, vol. 25, art. 6 (Medd. Got. Mus. 
Zool., Avd. 19), 12 pp., 2 pls. 

New North American parasitic copepods, new hosts, and notes on 
copepod nomenclature. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 64, art. 17, 
22 pp., 3 pis. 

A new parasitic copepod from Siam. Journ. Siam Soc., Nat. Hist. 
Suppl., vol. 6, pp. 361-368, 1 pl. 

A copepod (Argulus indicus) parasitic on the fightingfish in Siam. 
Journ. Siam Soc., Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 7, pp. 1-3, 1 pl. 

Copepods of the Woods Hole region, Massachusetts. U. S. Nat. 
Mus. Bull. 158, 635 pp., 41 pls. 

Parasitic copepods from the Dry Tortugas. Carnegie Inst. Wash- 
ington Publ. 452, pp. 327-347, 6 pls. 

Parasitic copepods from the Pacific coast. Amer. Midl. Nat., vol. 16, 
pp. 776-797, 6 pls. 

Argulus canadensis from Cape Breton Island. Journ. Biol. Board 
Canada, vol. 2, pp. 355-358, 9 figs. 

Copepods from the cenotes and caves of the Yucatan Peninsula, 
with notes on cladocerans. Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ. 457, 
pp. 77-88, 18 figs. 

SATYU. 

On two species of Argulus from Japan. Papers on Helminthology, 
30-year Jubilee Papers in Honor of K. J. Skrjablin, All-Union 
Lenin Acad. Agr. Sci. Moscow, pp. 781-784. 


O 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION 
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Vol. 88 Washington: 1940 No. 3088 


THE ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF THE SUBFAMILY NEORHAC- 
ODINAE, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF A NEW GENUS AND 
THREE NEW SPECIES 


By R. A. CusHmMan 


‘Tue three species of Neorhacodinae described herein bring the 
Nearctic and Neotropical regions into the known distribution of this 
anomalous subfamily of Ichneumonidae, add a new genus, and 
increase to four the number of known species. 


Subfamily Neorhacodinae 


Rhacodinae RuscHxKa, Archiv fiir Naturg., vol. 88, Abt. A, Heft 5, p. 188, fig. 8, 
(June) 1922. 

Neorhacodinae Hrpickn, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr., p. 427, (Dec.) 1922.—WAtTERS?TON, 
Entomologist, vol. 62, p. 97, fig. 1, 1929. 

Neorchacodinae (Ruschka) RoMAN, Ent. Tidskr., vol. 44, Heft 3-4, p. 170, fig. 1, 
1923. 

Neorhacodidae HAnpiirscH, Handbuch der Entomologie, vol. 3, p. 742, fig. 616, 
1925.—FAHRINGER, Opuscula braconologica, vol. 1 (Lief. 1), p. 16, 1925.— 
BiscHorr, Die Biologie der Hymenopteren, p. 11, 1927.—HANDLIrSoH, 
Handbuch der Zoologie, vol. 4, Insecta 2, p. 962, fig. 1057, 1933. 

Microgasterinae SCHMIEDEKNECHT, Die Hymenopteren Nord- und Mitteleuropas, 
p. 359, fig. 61, 1930 (part). 

Neorhacodinae (Handlirsch) FAHRINGER, Opuscula braconologica, vol. 4 (Lief. 
1-3), p. 3, 1935. 

Under the name Ahacodes the typical genus was originally de- 
scribed by Ruschka from a specimen reared as a parasite of the wasp 
Spilomena troglodytes Lind. Ruschka placed the genus in the Bra- 
conidae and erected for it the new subfamily Rhacodinae. 

Hedicke, finding Rhacodes Ruschka preoccupied by the crustacean 
genus Rhacodes Koch, renamed it Neorhacodes and changed the sub- 
family name to Neorhacodinae. 

201710—40 523 


524 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you. 88 


Roman, tracing the missing wing veins by reflected light, concluded 
the genus to be ichneumonid and placed it in the Pimplinae. 

Handlirsch (1925 and 1933) elevated the subfamily to family rank 
and for unexplained reasons dropped it between the Aphidiidae and 
Stephanidae. 

Fahringer (1925) followed Handlirsch in treating the group as & 
family but later (1933) reduced it to subfamily rank in the Bra- 
conidae, where he related it to the Helconinae and Microgasterinae. 
His reason for so doing appears to have been convenience, which he 
permitted to outweigh the natural relationship pointed out by Roman. 

Waterston also recognized Veorhacodes as ichneumonid and, while 
agreeing that Roman might be correct in placing it in the Pimplinae, 
suggested possible relationship to the Tryphoninae. 

Bischoff, also recognizing it as an ichneumonid, agreed with Roman 
that it should stand close to the Pimplinae but did not place it defi- 
nitely in that subfamily. 

Schmiedeknecht, using the original name Rhacodes, placed the 
genus at the end of the Microgasterinae without including it in his 
key to the genera of that subfamily. 

Roman, Bischoff, and Waterston are obviously correct in placing 
this curious genus in the Ichneumonidae rather than in the Braconi- 
dae. As shown by the figures published by Roman and Waterston 
the positions of all the typical veins of the ichneumonid wings can be 
seen by reflected light, except the intercubiti, which are eliminated 
by the confluence of radius and cubitus. One detail of the venation 
that both Roman and Waterston figured, but which neither men- 
tioned, is the presence of the intercubitella instead of basella. This 
is an ichneumonid character. 

In my opinion both Roman and Waterston were correct, if Glypta 
is allowed to stand in the Pimplini and the Mesoleptini are to be 
considered as tryphonine, for Veorhacodes belongs to the great com- 
plex of internally parasitic ichneumonids, characterized by the dor- 
sally notched ovipositor (fig. 48) and including such apparently 
divergent groups as the Lissonotini and most of the Ophioninae and 
Mesoleptini. Despite their divergence I believe these three groups are 
more closely related to one another than are the Lissonotini to the 
rest of the Ichneumoninae or the Mesoleptini to the Tryphonini. 
Within this complex Neorhacodes most closely resembles the Lis- 
sonotini, but the anomalous venation, the 18-jointed antennae, and 
the unusual host relation justify recognition of the group in at least 
the tribal rank. For the present I prefer to retain the subfamily 
status. 


ICHNEUMONID SUBFAMILY NEORHACODINAE—CUSHMAN 525 


KEY TO THE SPECIES OF NEORHACODINAE 


1. Tergites 1-38 with distinct transverse furrows__—___-___-__________________ 2 
Tergites 1-3 without transverse furrows (Brazil). 

Romaniella exsulcatus, new genus and species 

2. Antenna subclavate, penultimate joint as thick as long; ovipositor barely 

extending beyond apex of abdomen, sheath hardly as long as first tergite 


(FAM I7ZOMa)) Mate 3 oS ee OS TE Neorhacodes brevicauda, new species 
Antenna filiform, penultimate joint distinctly longer than thick; ovipositor 
strongly exserted, sheath half or more as long as abdomen______________ 3 


3. Sheath of ovipositor half as long as abdomen (Europe). 
Neorhacodes enslini (Ruschka) 
Sheath three-fourths as long as abdomen (Colorado). 
Neorhacodes longicauda, new species 


Genus NEQRHACODES Hedicke 


Rhacodes RuscHKA, Archiv fiir Naturg., vol. 88, Abt. A, Heft 5, p. 138, fig. 8, 
(June) 1922.—ScHMIEDEKNECHT, Die Hymenopteren Nord- und Mitteleuro- 
pas, p. 309, fig. 61, 1930. (Preoccupied by Rhacodes Koch, 1856.) 

Neorhacodes HepIcKE, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr., p. 427, 1922—HaAnpiinscH, Hand- 
buch der Entomologie, vol. 3, p. 742, 1925.—FAHRINGER, Opuscula bracono- 
logica, vol. 1 (Lief. 1), p. 16, 1925.—Ha4npiirsca, Handbuch der Zoologie, 
vol. 4, Insecta 2, p. 962, fig. 1057, 1933.—Fanrinemr, Opuscula braconologica, 
vol. 4 (Lief. 1-8), p. 3, 1935. 

Neorhacodes (Ruschka) Roman, Ent. Tidskr., vol. 44, Heft 3-4, p. 170, fig. 1, 
1923. 

Abdomen longitudinally striate or striato-shagreened, tergites 1-3 
with deep transverse furrows, first tergite without longitudinal fur- 
rows apically; differing in these respects from the new genus Ro- 
maniella. 

NEQRHACODES ENSLINI (Ruschka) 

Rhacodes enslint RuscuKa, Archiv ftir Naturg., vol. 88, Abt. A, Heft 5, p. 138, 
fig. 8, 1922.—ScHMIEDEKNECHT, Die Hymenopieren Nord- und Mitteleuropas, 
p. 359, fig. 61, 1930. 

Neorhacedes enslini (Ruschka) Hepickr, Deutsche Hnt. Zeitschr., p. 427, 1922.— 
RoMAN, Ent. Tidskr., vol. 44, Heft 3-4, p. 170, fig. 1, 1923—HANpriRScH, 
Handbuch der Entomologie, vol. 5, p. 742, 1925.—Watrrston, Entomologist, 
vol. 62, p. 97, fig. 1, 1929—HanpLinscH, Handbuch der Zoologie, yol. 4, 
Insecta 2, p. 962, fig. 1057, 1933.—FAHRINGER, Opuscula braconologica, vol. 4 
(Lief. 1-3), p. 3, 1935. 

During his visit to Washington in 1928 Waterston showed me the 
specimen on which his note was based. At that time I had no other 
specimen of the genus to compare with it for specific differences. The 
original and only description of enslinz fits the new species described 
below as longicauda very closely except in the shorter ovipositor, the 
basally smoother third and fourth tergites, and the basally pale 
flagellum and paler legs. 

All (3) of the specimens of enslini that have been recorded were 
associated with the minute wasp Spilomena troglodytes Lind. 


526 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 88 
NEORHACODES LONGICAUDA, new species 


Female—Length 2.5 mm. 

Head broader than thorax, shagreened; temples convexly receding; 
frons evenly convex, scrobes weakly impressed; eyes shorter than 
width of face, parallel within; face medially elevated and more shin- 
ing; clypeus as long as face, shining, with a fringe of setae, each seta 
set in a deep puncture; malar space as long as basal width of 
mandible; antenna filiform, all flagellar joimts longer than thick. 

Thorax shagreened; pronotum in scrobe and mesopleuron above 
middle polished, the latter with a longitudinal elevation at about the 
middle; propodeum with median and lateral carinae strong, but api- 


cal carina weak. 


Ficure 48.—Tip of ovipositor of Neorhacodes longicauda, new species. 


Abdomen striato-shagreened, extreme apices of tergites 1-4 and 
entire fifth tergite polished; first tergite more strongly striate, trans- 
verse groove obsolete medially; tergite 4 with a shallow but distinct 
transverse groove, and tergite 5 with a faint trace of a groove; ovi- 
positor sheath about three-fourths as long as abdomen. 

Black; antenna dark brown, with pedicel paler; legs piceous, front 
and middle tibiae and tarsi (except apical joints) stramineous, hind 
tibia and tarsus fuscous; wings hyaline, venation dark stramineous, 
stigma largely fuscous, paler at base and apex, radix stramineous, 

Type locality—Four-mile Hill, 8 miles south of Steamboat 
Springs, Colo. 

Type.—vU. 8S. N. M. No. 53545. 

One specimen from the C. F. Baker collection (No. 2030) captured 
by Charles Liebeck. 


NEORHACODES BREVICAUDA, new species 


Female.—Length 2 mm. 

Differs from longicauda as follows: Eyes slightly convergent below, 
malar space much shorter than basal width of mandible; antenna 
slightly subclavate, penultimate joint as thick as long; apical carina 
of propodeum strong; abdomen more coarsely striate, tergites 4 and 5 
without traces of tranverse furrows; ovipositor hardly extending 
beyond apex of abdomen, sheath hardly as long as first tergite. 

Color as in longicauda. 

Male—Except in slightly smaller size, differs hardly at all from 
female. 

Type locality.—Uittlefield, Ariz. 

Type.—vU.S.N.M. No. 53546. 


ICHNEUMONID SUBFAMILY NEORHACODINAE—CUSHMAN 9527 


One female (type) and one of unknown sex (apex of abdomen 
gone) collected on Covillea tridentata Vail, April 15, 1932, at the 
type locality; and one male (allotype) from the C. F. Baker collec- 
tion (No. 2064) taken at Tucson, Ariz., May 20, 1896, by R. E. 
Kinze. 

ROMANIELLA, new genus 


Differs from Neorhacodes Hedicke only in its entire lack of trans- 
verse furrows on the abdomen, in having the abdomen uniformly 
shagreened and mat without any longitudinal striation, and by the 
presence on each side of the first tergite of a narrow longitudinal 
groove extending forward from the posterior margin. 

Genotype —Romaniella exsulcatus, new species. 

I take pleasure in dedicating this interesting genus to Dr. A. 
Roman, of the Stockholm Museum, in appreciation of his many cour- 
tesies and of his discriminating studies on the Ichneumonidae. 


ROMANIELLA EXSULCATUS, new species 


Female—Length 2 mm. 

Head broader than thorax, finely shagreened and mat; temples con- 
vex, receding; frons weakly convex; eyes slightly shorter than width 
of face, parallel; face medially polished and slightly elevated; clyp- 
eus polished, longer than face, apex with a fringe of setae, the setif- 
erous punctures inconspicuous; malar space hardly as long as basal 

vidth of mandible; antenna weakly subclavate, penultimate joint 
as thick as long. 

Thorax mat, shagreened, mesopleuron posteriorly and metapleuron 
more shining; notaulices faintly impressed; longitudinal and apical 
carinae of propodeum moderately strong. 

Abdomen uniformly shagreened, more coarsely so than thorax, only 
narrow apices of tergites 1-4 and the whole of 5 polished; ovipositor 
sheath nearly two-thirds as long as abdomen. 

Black; antenna stramineous at base, becoming gradually darker 
to brown at apex: legs stramineous, coxae and hind femur pice- 
ous, hind tibia apically and apical tarsal joints fuscous; wings hya- 
line, venation and radix stramineous, stigma piceous with base and 
apex pale. 

Type locality —Campinas, Sio Paulo, Brazil. 

Type—U.S.N.M. No. 53547. 

One female reared from an old cotton boll, September 25, 1932, by 
H. F. G. Sauer. 


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PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


, SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION 
U, S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Vol. 88 Washington : 1940 No. 3089 


NOTES ON THE BIRDS OF KENTUCKY 
By ALEXANDER WETMORE 


As a third project in the program to obtain specimens of birds 
and mammals for the United States National Museum from the 
eastern part of our country, the Museum carried on field work in 
1938 in the State of Kentucky. W. M. Perrygo, of the Museum staff, 
continued in charge of the field party. During the spring he was 
assisted by James Cole and in the fall by Herbert G. Deignan, of 
the division of birds, and by Gregor Rohwer. The party left Wash- 
ington on April 15 and remained in the field until July 15. In the 
fall, work began on September 15 and ended on November 15. 

In the following account I have presented the results of a study 
of the birds obtained, with records of all specimens taken. Also I 
have included reference to a few other specimens from Kentucky in 
the U. S. National Museum. Most of these were taken by Charles 
Wickliffe Beckham near Bardstown, Nelson County, and came many 
years ago as a gift from the collector. For a long time these skins 
constituted the only material from Kentucky in the collection. While 
Beckham, published his observations? it is pertinent to check the 
identification of these specimens so far as they are available accord- 
ing to modern understanding of the species covered. ‘There are also 
a few skins prepared by Edgar Alexander Mearns at Lexington (in 
November and December 1898) and casual specimens from other 
sources. 


1A list of the birds of Bardstown, Nelson Co., Kentucky. Journ. Cincinnati Soe. Nat. 
Hist., vol. 4, July 1883, pp. 136-147. 

List of the birds of Nelson County. Kentucky Geol. Surv. (issued Sept. 1885, aecord- 
ing to an entry made on the cover of the copy in the division of birds, U. 8S. National 
Museum), pp. 1—58. 

529 
203705—40——_1 


530 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vob. 88 


The data from this material are made available here for those 
who may be working on a list of the birds of the State or who are 
interested in the general distribution and occurrence of birds in this 
area. I have made no search of literature for other records, as assem- 
bly of that information is properly the field of others. In some cases 
I have included notes made by our field representatives where speci- 
mens were not taken. 

With previous material from West Virginia and Tennessee avail- 
able identification of the Kentucky collection has offered no particu- 
lar difficulties. The State is one of large extent, so that in some 
cases there has been representation of both eastern and western forms 
of the same species. Some southern races come in along the southern 
border, particularly in the southwestern counties, but in the main 
Kentucky is north of the area of intergradation of most species 
having both northern and southern forms. Much work remains to 
be done on the distribution of birds everywhere through the State, 
but it is hoped that the account herewith will prove useful to those 
engaged in such investigations. 

The work was made possible through permits issued by Major 
James Brown, director, Division of Game and Fish, of the Depart- 
ment of Conservation of Kentucky. We are under much obligation 
to Major Brown for his cooperation and to the enforcement officers 
under his direction who were universally helpful. The Department 
of Highways of Kentucky cooperated in issuing a set of official State 
license plates for the truck used for travel, required because of the 
length of stay of the party. 

The expenses of the party in the field were carried by the income 
of the W. L. Abbott Fund of the Smithsonian Institution. 

Throughout the entire period of work our men received the most 
courteous treatment, particularly in the privilege that was given them 
of entering private lands in order to make the necessary collections. 
We are deeply indebted for this friendly assistance without which the 
work would not have been possible. 

The itinerary for the work was arranged so as to visit the eastern 
and western areas in both spring and fall, in order to get as repre- 
sentative a collection as one season’s work would permit. The field 
party had available a small closed truck, which allowed them to 
cover a much wider area than would otherwise have been possible. 

Field investigations began April 19, 1938, at Brandenburg in Meade 
County, with the weather cool but clear. This region covered the level 
bottomlands near the Ohio River and the rolling hills of the uplands 
where there were woods of cedar and oak. Through special permission 
investigations were made in an extensive tract of land under develop- 
ment for a national park at Rock Haven, where there was much of inter- 


NOTES ON BIRDS OF KENTUCKY—WETMORE onl 


est. On May 4 the party moved to Union County with a base at Hen- 
derson, to remain until May 19. Collections were made principally 
near Waverly in low country where there were cypress swamps and 
ponds, and in the vicinity of Uniontown near the Ohio River. Some 
material was taken in the open fields about Corydon. 

On May 20 Perrygo moved to Hickman in the extreme southwestern 
corner of the State, remaining until June 1. In this region arms of 
Reelfoot Lake extend across the State line from Tennessee. The work 
centered mainly in the swamps of this section and in the adjacent higher 
ground around the edges of the many cottonfields. By wading some 
distance it was possible to reach an island in the northern arms of the 
lake. The cypress growth was especiaily fine. On June 1 the men 
examined the small neck of land belonging to Fulton County that hes 
in a bend of the Mississippi River below New Madrid, Mo., where it is 
cut off from the rest of the State by a southward extension of Missouri. 
On June 2 work was moved to Monticello, where until June 18 Perrygo 
covered Wayne County, collecting near Monticello, Coopersville, and 
Rockybranch, with one trip into McCreary County in the vicinity of 
Stearns. There were woods of pine and oak here that extended over 
rolling ridges and higher knobs, with other types of woodland in the 
creek bottoms. 

Near Cumberland a base was established in an abandoned C. C. C. 
camp on June 20, and from here collections were made on Black Moun- 
tain, which rises to 4,150 feet and is the highest mountain in the State. 
Most of the work was done between 3,800 and 4,100 feet. There were 
no spruce or balsam trees on this mountain, and typical Canadian Zone 
conditions were lacking. Rain and cold storms came regularly and 
interfered with studies to some extent. Some specimens were obtained 
also on the long ridge of Pine Mountain southeast of Whitesburg. 

On July 2 the party removed to Belfry, a mining town, and located 
at a tourist camp, remaining until July 10. From this point Perrygo 
crossed into West Virginia to obtain a few additional specimens wanted, 
under a permit issued for the purpose by the Conservation Commission 
of West Virginia through H. W. Shawhan. In the meanwhile Cole 
remained in the Kentucky area. 

On leaving here the men made camp near Fullerton beside an Indian 
mound on the bank of the Ohio River and remained until July 14. 
Weather continued stormy at intervals with heavy hail, and on the day 
before they left a strong wind blew over their tents. From this point 
the party returned to Washington for the summer. 

For the fall season Perrygo had as assistants Herbert G. Deignan, of 
the division of birds, and Gregor Rohwer, employed specially for this 
work. On September 16 this party located in Middlesboro to work 
principally on Log Mountain, which lies 7 miles west. Here the writer 


532 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou, 88 


joined them from September 28 to 25, the rest remaining until Septem- 


ber 29. The American Association Coal Co. gave permission for work — 


on its lands here. Log Mountain is covered with deciduous forest. and 
is rather dry, but good collections both of birds and mammals were 
made between 2,000 and 2,900 feet elevation. Some specimens were 
taken in the lowlands southeast of Middlesboro. 

On October 1 the party was established south of the town of Berea 
and continued investigations here in Rockcastle and Madison Counties, 
near Mount Vernon, Berea, and Richmond, until October 7. A con- 
siderable part of this area is poorly drained so that there are many 
wet meadows, making conditions for small birds excellent. From 
October 7 to 9 the men where located at Morehead, Rowan County, 
where they had the cooperation of Prof. Wilfred A. Welter, of State 
Teachers College, in selecting desirable areas for work. From here 
they continued to the Ohio River below Covington to record the fall 
migration, collecting until October 15 near Ghent and English in 
Carroll County, near Burlington and Florence in Boone County, near 
Warsaw in Gallatin County, and near Bedford in Trimble County. 
The bottomlands along the Ohio and the bluffs and rolling hills inland 
gave a diversified terrain in which were many birds. 

On October 16 they removed to Madisonville, where special atten- 
tion was given to cypress swamps and the adjacent areas in Hopkins, 
McLean, and Muhlenberg Counties. Collections were made near 
Sacramento, South Carrollton, and Madisonville, the region proving 
an excellent one. On October 28 a new base was selected at Cadiz 
for work in the narrow tract of land between the Tennessee and Cum- 
berland Rivers in Trigg County, and at points farther to the east. 
Birds were obtained mainly at Canton, with a few specimens from 
Golden Pond, Cadiz, Princeton, and Cerulean. 

On November 6 Perrygo located at Brownsville for the final work 
of the season in the cedar-covered hills, oak woods, and farmlands of 
the region near Mammoth Cave. From here collections were made 
at Roundhill and Fairview, but most of the material was obtained 
near Brownsville. The studies for the season ended on November 14. 


Family ARDEIDAE 


ARDEA HERODIAS WARDI Ridgway: Ward’s Heron 


Two adult females taken on an arm of Reelfoot Lake 414 miles 
southwest of Hickman on May 24 and 26 are of this race. Their 
measurements might fit either the northern or southern form of great 
blue heron, being within the maximum range of the former and the 
minimum of the latter, but the color of the neck and of the back is 
distinctly pale, which places them with the southern bird. Measure- 


NOTES ON BIRDS OF KENTUCKY—WETMORE 533 


ments of the two are as follows: Wing 465, 473; tail 165,176; culmen 
from base 142.3, 144.9; tarsus 169, 185 mm. 

The presence of this race in southwestern Kentucky need occasion 
no surprise since Ward’s heron is already known as the breeding bird 
of Reelfoot Lake in Tennessee.? It is probable that Ward’s heron is 
confined in Kentucky to this general region and that the birds recorded 
by Perrygo near Uniontown along the Ohio River on May 10 and 13, 
and near Waverly on May 9, were the typical great blue heron (Ardea 
herodias herodias). This, however, is supposition, as no specimens 
were obtained. 


CASMERODIUS ALBUS EGRETTA (Gmelin): American Egret 


Two beautiful birds in full plumage, male and female, were taken 
at an arm of Reelfoot Lake 414 miles southwest of Hickman, May 23. 


BUTORIDES VIRESCENS VIRESCENS (Linnaeus): Eastern Green Heron 


The first one seen was found near Brandenburg on April 28. At 
Uniontown one was taken near the Ohio River on May 18, and at 
Waverly another was secured on May 16. One was shot near Rocky- 
branch, Wayne County, June 8, and another was seen near Stearns, 
McCreary County, June 16. In fall one was recorded near the Ohio 
west of Burlington on October 10. 


BOTAURUS LENTIGINOSUS (Montagu): American Bittern 


A male was taken near the Ohio River 6 miles west of Burlington 
on October 10. 


Family CATHARTIDAE 


CATHARTES AURA SEPTENTRIONALIS Wied: Eastern Turkey Vulture 


This widely distributed bird was observed at many localities. One 
specimen was taken, a male, 4 miles southwest of Warsaw on October 
12. A flock was seen on this occasion. The wing in this bird meas- 
ures only 521 mm., but the outer primaries seem to have been molted 
recently and are probably not quite grown, so that the measurement 
would have been increased somewhat. The tail is 245 mm. 


CORAGYPS ATRATUS (Meyer): Black Vulture 


Records for this southern species are as follows: Hickman, May 31 
(specimen) ; Cerulean Springs, Trigg County, November 5; Round- 
hill, Butler County, November 7 and 12; Brandenburg, April 22; 
and Warsaw, October 12. None were observed in the more eastern 
sections of the State. The bird taken, a female, has a wing measure- 
ment of 412 mm. 


2 Ganier, A. F., Tennessee Avifauna No. 2, Feb. 1933, p. 12. 


534 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou, 88 


Family ACCIPITRIDAE 


ACCIPITER STRIATUS VELOX (Wilson): Sharp-shinned Hawk 


Two immature birds were taken near Canton, November 1, and 
11 miles south of Brownsville, November 11. One was seen on Shady 
Spur, 7 miles west of Middlesboro, on September 17. 


BUTEO JAMAICENSIS BOREALIS (Gmelin): Eastern Red-tailed Hawk 


During the breeding season one of these hawks was seen on June 10 
near Monticello, and others at about 4,000 feet elevation on Black 
Mountain, 4 miles southeast of Lynch, June 25 and 30. On Log 
Mountain, 7 miles west of Middlesboro, one or two were seen on nearly 
every visit between September 19 and 26. An adult and an immature 
bird were taken here. The only other one recorded was seen near 
Canton, Trigg County, on November 1. 


BUTEO LINEATUS LINEATUS (Gmelin): Northern Red-shouldered Hawk 


Records for this hawk are as follows: Hickman, May 21 and 28; 
Canton, November 1; Cerulean Springs, November 5; Madisonville, 
October 22; Sacramento, October 17; Uniontown, May 10, 13, and 
17; Waverly, May 12; Belfry, Pike County, July 5. 

Two males and one female, taken near the northern extremity of 
Reelfoot Lake, 414 miles southwest of Hickman, in dark color are 
typical of the northern race. They measure as follows: Males, wing 
308, 309, tail 191, 205, culmen from cere 21.5, 22.5, tarsus 80.5, 
85.6 mm.; female, wing 342, tail 204, culmen from cere 23.1, tarsus 
88.7 mm. A young male not quite grown was taken from the nest 
at this point on May 28. Near Uniontown a female was shot on 
May 13 that is in the streaked plumage of the immature stage, con- 
siderably worn. 


CIRCUS CYANEUS HUDSONIUS (Linnaeus): Marsh Hawk 


Single birds were seen at Roundhill on November 9 and near Rich- 
mond on October 4. 


PANDION HALIAETUS CAROLINENSIS: Osprey 


One was seen at Rock Haven, Meade County, April 25. 
Family FALCONIDAE 


FALCO PEREGRINUS ANATUM Bonaparte: Duck Hawk 
One was seen 4 miles east of Monticello, June 14. 
FALCO COLUMBARIUS COLUMBARIUS Linnaeus: Eastern Pigeon Hawk 


One was seen on September 22 by H. G. Deignan near the fire tower 
on the summit of Log Mountain west of Middlesboro. 


NOTES ON BIRDS OF KENTUCKY—WETMORE 535 
FALCO SPARVERIUS SPARVERIUS Linnaeus: Eastern Sparrow Hawk 


Found sparingly throughout the State as the following records 
indicate: Cerulean Springs, Trigg County, November 5; Waverly, 
May 9; Madisonville, October 21 and 22; South Carrollton, October 
22; Brandenburg, April 23; Roundhill, November 9; Brownsville, 
November 12; Monticello, June 11; Mount Vernon, October 1 and 4; 
4,100 feet elevation on Black Mountain, 5 miles southeast of Lynch, 
June 29; Fullerton, July 13. The majority of the observations were 
of one bird or occasionally of two in a day. 


Family TETRAONIDAE 
BONASA UMBELLUS TOGATA (Linnaeus): Canada Ruffed Grouse 


The only one recorded during the present work was seen 5 miles 
west of Mount Vernon. As it was not taken its identification to 
subspecies is based on supposition only. 


Family PERDICIDAE 


COLINUS VIRGINIANUS VIRGINIANUS (Linnaeus): Eastern Bobwhite 


Of two shot near Bedford, Trimble County, October 13, a male is 
typical of the eastern bobwhite, while a female shows a strong infusion 
of the characters of the so-called “Mexican” bobwhite that has been 
imported so abundantly in the Eastern United States. This hybrid 
bird is distinctly grayer above than the native stock, but at the same 
time it shows more brown than the introduced bird. Below, the mark- 
ings are those of the eastern bobwhite. 

Other quail were seen near Corydon, May 14; at Brownsville, No- 
vember 8; Golden Pond, Trimble County, November 3; and Rocky- 
branch June 18. 


COLINUS VIRGINIANUS TEXANUS: Texas Bobwhite 


Of this introduced bird, usually called the “Mexican quail,” a typi- 
cally marked adult male was shot near Burlington along the Ohio 
River on October 10. This specimen has the gray upper surface and 

the heavily barred breast characteristic of this form. Major James 
Brown, Director, Division of Game and Fish of the Department of 
Conservation, informs me that the State authorities have imported 
quail from Mexico for years, and also have brought brood stock from 
elsewhere in the United States. The present wild stock of bobwhite is 
therefore of mixed blood to a high degree. 


Family RALLIDAE 


FULICA AMERICANA AMERICANA Gmelin: American Coot 


One was obtained along the Ohio River near Burlington, October 11. 


536 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vOL, 88 


Family CHARADRIIDAE 
OXYECHUS VOCIFERUS VOCIFERUS (Linnaeus): Killdeer 


On June 1 an adult male was collected on the bank of the Missis- 
sippi River in that small area of land cut off from Fulton County in 
the bend of the river directly south of New Madrid, Mo. Two others 
were taken at Golden Pond, November 4, and two more at South Car- 
rollton, October 25. A number were recorded at Greenup on July 
12 and 13. The species is distributed in suitable localities throughout 
the State. 

Family SCOLOPACIDAE 


PHILOHELA MINOR (Gmelin): American Woodcock 


Single birds were seen near Ghent, October 14, and at Roundhill, 
November 7. 
CAPELLA DELICATA (Ord): Wilson’s Snipe 


One was seen near Golden Pond on November 3. 
ACTITIS MACULARIA (Linnaeus): Spotted Sandpiper 
One was taken near Hickman on May 26. 
TRINGA SOLITARIA SOLITARIA Wilson: Eastern Solitary Sandpiper 


Near Waverly two females were taken on May 9 and another on May 
16. These three are all representative of the eastern race, as indicated 
by small size and immaculate inner web of the outer primary. The 
wing measurements are 127.4, 129.7, and 130 mm. 


CATOPTROPHORUS SEMIPALMATUS INORNATUS (Brewster): Western Willet 


A female taken on the bank of the Ohio River 2 miles northeast of 
Uniontown on May 5 has the following measurements: Wing 210, 
tail 84, culmen from base 66.7, tarsus 68.2 mm. 


Family COLUMBIDAE 


ZENAIDURA MACROURA CAROLINENSIS (Linnaeus): Eastern Mourning Dove 


Specimens of the mourning dove were taken as follows: 414 miles 
southwest of Hickman, May 31; Canton, October 29; Madisonville, 
October 20 and 21; Waverly, May 16; Rock Haven, April 25 and 26; 
Rockybranch, June 7; Monticello, June 15. All show the darker 
color of the eastern race, with no approach to the paler western bird. 
The species was seen in almost all localities visited, the last in fall 
being noted near Roundhill on November 7. 


NOTES ON BIRDS OF KENTUCKY—WETMORE 537 


Family CUCULIDAE 
COCCYZUS AMERICANUS AMERICANUS (Linnaeus): Yellow-billed Cuckoo 


Specimens were secured as follows: Waverly, May 17; Monticello, 
June 15; Middlesboro, September 17 and 25; and Morehead, October 
8, this being the last one recorded for fall. Individuals were seen 
near Quincy on July 12 and 13. 


COCCYZUS ERYTHROPTHALMUS (Wilson): Black-billed Cuckoo 


This cuckoo was taken near Uniontown on May 10 and 3 miles east 
of Waverly on May 16, these being the only days on which the 
species was observed. 


Family STRIGIDAE 


OTUS ASIO ASIO (Linnaeus): Southern Screech Owl 


In the three specimens from Kentucky at hand there is one female 
in gray phase collected near Lexington on December 5, 1898, by KE. A. 
Mearns with the wing measuring 163 mm., and one in red phase from 
4 miles southwest of Florence, shot on October 11, 1938, by Perrygo 
and Deignan, with the wing 158.5 mm. A red male from Fairview, 
November 10, measures 149 mm. These dimensions are all within 
the limits assigned to the southern bird, which on the basis of these 
skins seems to be the resident form of the State. The northern race 
perhaps may reach Kentucky during winter. 


STRIX VARIA VARIA Barton: Northern Barred Owl 


The barred owl was collected at Madisonville on October 21, South 
Carrollton on October 24, and near Roundhill on November 11. 
Another was obtained near Brandenburg on May 2, and one was 
recorded near Rockybranch on June 13. All the specimens show the 
feathering of the foot found in the northern bird. 


Family CAPRIMULGIDAE 
ANTROSTOMUS CAROLINENSIS (Gmelin): Chuck-will’s-widow 
Near Monticello, Wayne County, one was calling on June 7. 
ANTROSTOMUS VOCIFERUS VOCIFERUS (Wilson): Eastern Whip-poor-will 


One was seen on April 16 at Cannonsburg in Boyd County, and 
one was heard calling 4 miles east of Cumberland, Harlan County, on 
June 23, 

Family MICROPODIDAE 


CHAETURA PELAGICA (Linnaeus): Chimney Swift 


The chimney swift was first observed in spring at Brandenburg on 
April 18. 
203705—40——2 


538 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 88 


Family TROCHILIDAE 


ARCHILOCHUS COLUBRIS (Linnzeus): Ruby-throated Hummingbird 


In the western section of the State a female was taken near Waverly 
on May 16 and a male 414 miles southwest of Hickman on May 80. 
On Black Mountain hummingbirds were common in June, and a fe- 
male was secured on June 25. Others were observed on Log 
Mountain near Middlesboro from September 21 to 28. 


Family ALCEDINIDAE 
MEGACERYLE ALCYON ALCYON (Linnaeus): Eastern Belted Kingfisher 


Observed at Brandenburg on April 23, at Uniontown on May 10, 
and near Middlesboro on September 19 and 23. 


Family PICIDAE 


COLAPTES AURATUS AURATUS (Linnaeus): Southern Flicker 


The only specimen obtained of this southern race, distinguished 
only by smaller size, is a male taken 11 miles south of Brownsville, 
Edmonson County, on November 11. This bird has the following 
measurements: Wing 146.5, tail 98.6, culmen from base 35.5, tarsus 
28.7 mm. 

As @. a. auratus nests throughout most of western Tennessee, fur- 
ther collections of flickers should be made along the southern border 
of Kentucky during spring and summer to determine whether the 
southern bird may not extend a short distance into the southern 
counties. The specimen from Brownsville comes from an area where 
luteus may be the breeding form (though this is supposition only), 
in which case it would be a wanderer from farther south. 


COLAPTES AURATUS LUTEUS Bangs: Northern Flicker 


The northern flicker was collected as follows: 414 miles southwest 
of Hickman, May 21; South Carrollton, October 22; Roundhill, No- 
vember 11; Brandenburg, April 21; Brownsville, November 10; 
English, Carro!i County, October 12; Lexington, December 5 (taken 
by E. A. Mearns); Log Mountain, near Middlesboro, September 17 
and 23; 3800 feet elevation on Black Mountain, near Lynch, June 
23; and Fullerton, July 13. Immature birds only recently from the 
nest were taken as follows: Rockybranch, June 13; 3900 feet eleva- 
tion on Black Mountain, near Lynch, June 24; and Fullerton, July 
13. The adults are all characterized by a wing size from 151.5 to 
156.7 mm. 

A male from near the northern arm of Reelfoot Lake in Fulton 
County, southwest of Hickman, has the wing 153.5 mm., and so has 
the size of luteus, a matter of interest since birds from near Horn- 


NOTES ON BIRDS OF KENTUCKY—WETMORE 539 


beak, Obion County, Tenn., only a short distance to the south, are 
auratus. Specimens taken on Black Mountain on June 23 and at 
Fullerton on July 13 have the tips of the primaries broken by wear 
so that they seemingly have small measurements, though in reality 
they are the northern bird. 

One male from Middlesboro has a few red feathers in the mous- 
tachial streaks on each side of the head. 


CEOPHLOEUS PILEATUS PILEATUS (Linnaeus): Scuthern Pileated Woodpecker 


Adult specimens of this great woodpecker were obtained as follows: 
41% miles southwest of Hickman, May 21 and 26; South Carroliton, 
October 25; and Brownsville, November 10 and 11. These all agree 
in the small size that marks the southern form of this bird. In three 
males the wing measures 212, 225, and 227 mm., and in two females 
it is 220 and 224 mm. It will be noted that all come from the south- 
ern half of the State, but it seems probable that this is the race that 
extended formerly throughout Kentucky. 

A young female nearly grown was secured near the northern arm 
of Reelfoot Lake southwest of Hickman, May 30, and another near 
Coopersville in Wayne County, June 8. Among other records of 
interest one was observed 4 miles southeast of Brandenburg, April 
27, and several were recorded in Wayne County near Rockybranch 
on June 7 and 13 and 4 miles east of Monticello, on June 10. Two 
were observed near Mount Vernon on October 3. Pileated woodpeck- 
ers were found along the Cumberland River near Canton on October 
31 to November 2 and in the same general region 5 miles northeast 
of Golden Pond on November 3. Two were seen near Roundhill, in 
Butler County, November 9. 


CENTURUS CAROLINUS (Linnaeus): Red-bellied Woodpecker 


This handsome woodpecker is common in the State, being repre- 
sented by specimens from the following localities: Near Hickman, 
May 24; Canton, October 31 and November 2; South Carrollton, 
October 22; Uniontown, May 10; Roundhill, November 7 and 9; Rock 
Haven, April 26; Ghent, October 11; Rockybranch, June 14; Monti- 
cello, June 10; Mount Vernon, October 1; Lexington, November 17, 
21, and 25 and December 1, 1898 (taken by E. A. Mearns); 2,800 
and 2,900 feet elevation on Log Mountain, 7 miles west of Middles- 
boro, September 19 and 21. 

Measurements of these Kentucky specimens are as follows: Males 
(10 specimens), wing 124.6-132.7 (128.9), tail 71.6-82.8 (76.5), cul- 
men from base 28.3-32.5 (30.9), tarsus 22.1-23.7 (22.4) mm. Females 
(8 specimens), wing 121-132.6 (126.3), tail 69.3-77.3 (74.2), culmen 
from base 27.0-29.7 (28.2), tarsus 20.0-24.3 (21.8) mm. These di- 
mensions agree fairly closely with those of a small series from Ten- 


540 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vob, 88 


nessee. Two males from Hickman have a suffusion of red across 
the upper throat. 

MELANERPES ERYTHROCEPHALUS ERYTHROCEPHALUS (Linnaeus): Eastern 

Red-headed Woodpecker 

This woodpecker was of irregular distribution, though in places 
it was fairly common. In the nesting season it was recorded at Rock 
Haven on April 25 and 26, eight being seen on the first date men- 
tioned. One was taken at Brandenburg, on April 30. Another was 
obtained at Monticello on June 11. In fall a number were found 
around Madisonville, October 20 and 21, and at Sacramento, October 
17. Near Middlesboro three were seen at 2,900 feet elevation on Log 
Mountain on September 19, and an immature bird with a few red 
feathers appearing on the side of the head and the neck was taken. 

Adult specimens secured all agree in size with the dimensions as- 
signed to the eastern race as the following measurements show: 
Males (3 specimens), wing 133.5, 138.9, 141.2, tail 70.9, 74.7, 77.1, 
culmen from base 27.9, 29.2, 30.3, tarsus 21.2, 22.8, 22.8. Female (1 
specimen), wing 134.1, tail 76.2, culmen from base 28.1, tarsus 21.4. 


SPHYRAPICUS VARIUS VARIUS (Linnaeus): Yellow-bellied Sapsucker 


Fall migrants were first observed near Mount Vernon on October 
1, and two skins were obtained here on October 3. Other specimens 
came from Cerulean, November 5; Canton, November 2; South Car- 
rollton, October 22; Roundhill, November 9; Brownsville, November 
11; and Ghent, October 14. There is one skin in the collection ob- 
tained by Beckham at Wickland, Nelson County, on November 26, 
1881. 


DRYOBATES ViLLOSUS VILLOSUS (Linnaeus): Eastern Hairy Woodpecker 


Specimens of this common woodpecker were secured as follows: 
Golden Pond, November 3; Waverly, May 11; South Carrollton, 
October 22 and 25; Roundhill, November 9; Ghent, October 12, 18, 
and 14; Lexington, November 17, 1898 (taken by E. A. Mearns) ; 
Berea, October 6; Rockybranch, June 14; 2,800 feet on Log Moun- 
tain, 7 miles west of Middlesboro, September 23; 4,000 feet elevation 
on Black Mountain, near Lynch, June 23. Young birds fully grown 
were taken at Waverly, May 11, and Monticello, June 10. 

While these are all identified as typical véllosus, this is done with 
some reservation as to birds from the western part of the State, since 
specimens from this section in slightly smaller size show approach 
to the southern race audubonii. The region is distinctly one of in- 
tergradation between northern and southern birds, and specimens 
should be examined from along the Mississippi River where it seems 
probable that auduboniw may occur. 


NOTES ON BIRDS OF KENTUCKY—WETMORE 541 


In the present collection three skins from the cypress swamps near 
South Carrollton in Muhlenberg County are puzzling, since, while 
one male has the wing 117.3 mm., two females measure only 114.4 
and 114.8 mm. The dimensions of the females are distinctly within 
the upper size range of auduboni. It may be noted that a downy 
woodpecker from this same area was also intermediate between the 
northern and southern forms, so that here there seems to be a re- 
stricted region that may be considered as definitely southern in its 
affinities entirely cut off except along its drainage to the Ohio from 
other influences of a southern nature. One male from Lexington. 
also shows small size as the wing measures only 115.6 mm. Females 
from Golden Pond, Trigg County, measure 116.0 and 116.4 mm., and 
one from Waverly, Union County, has the wing 116.1 mm. 

Aside from the three small birds mentioned size range in the wing 
in the series is as follows: Males, 116.6 (much worn) to 122.4 mm.; 
females 116.0 to 116.7 mm. 


DRYOBATES PUBESCENS MEDIANUS (Swainson) : Northern Downy Woodpecker 


An excellent series of this common bird was obtained as follows: 
Hickman, May 21 and 25; Canton, October 29; Madisonville, October 
21; South Carrollton, October 18; Roundhill, November 7 and 9; 
Brownsville, November 10; Rock Haven, April 25; Ghent, October 11; 
Burlington, October 11; Lexington, November 17 and December 1, 1898 
(collected by E. A. Mearns); Mount Vernon, October 1, 3, and 6; 
Monticello, June 9; Rockybranch, June 7; Stearns, June 16; 2,000 to 
2,800 elevation on Log Mountain, near Middlesboro, September 20, 21, 
and 23; 4,000 feet elevation on Black Mountain near Lynch, June 23 
and 29. In these specimens there is some gradation in size, birds from 
the southwestern section and from the southern counties west of the 
mountain area being only slightly larger in wing measurement than 
the southern race. These skins, regardless of sex, range from 91.1 to 
92.5. Specimens from Brandenburg, Burlington, Ghent, Rock Haven, 
and. Lexington are larger, running from 92.2 to 95.1 mm. in length of 
wing. In the entire series there are four skins that are slightly below 
the size ordinarily accepted for medianus. These include a female 
from near Hickman with a wing 90.5 mm., though another taken at the 
same time and place measures 91.1 mm. These two agree with others 
from the Reelfoot Lake area in Tennessee, and while somewhat inter- 
mediate they are considered to be the northern form. There is also a 
male from Rockybranch taken on June 7 that measures 89.9 mm., and 
one shot at 4,000 feet elevation on Black Mountain near Lynch that is 
only 89.0 mm., but these two have the wing abraded and worn so that 
the small measurement is false, being due to breakage and loss at the 
tips of the longer primaries. All the birds listed are identified as 


542 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you. 88 


medianus, which appears to be the resident breeding form throughout 
the State. A single male from South Carrollton taken on October 18 
with the wing 90.5 mm. comes within the maximum size limit of the 
southern pubescens but is considered only as a tendency toward an in- 
termediate condition and is therefore placed with medianus. A 
female taken at the same time has the wing 91.5 mm. 

Dr. Lawrence E. Hicks * speaks of specimens from the lowlands of 
eastern and southeastern Kentucky as similar to two birds taken along 
the Ohio River near Proctorville and South Point in extreme southern 
Ohio, which have been identified by Oberholser as D. p. pubescens, 
though not wholly typical. As noted above, specimens I have seen 
from southwestern Kentucky while intermediate seem nearer medianus 
and are so identified. The male listed from South Carrollton, Ky., 
comes hearest to pubescens, as it has a dark breast, but until further in- 
formation that may cause a change in opinion is available it seems 
necessary to list all the Kentucky material that I have seen as 
medianus. 


DRYOBATES PUBESCENS NELSONI Oberholser: Nelson’s Downy Woodpecker 


In the series of downy woodpeckers there is one female, taken 2 
miles north of Mount Vernon, Rockcastle County, October 3, that 
stands out from the others in the pure white color of the under sur- 
face and so attracts immediate attention. This bird measures as 
follows: Wing 99.0, tail 63.2, culmen from base 17.6, and tarsus 17.3. 
From its large size and light color it seems without question to be a 
migrant of the far northern Nelson’s woodpecker, being apparently 
the most southern point at which this form has yet been taken. 


Family TYRANNIDAE 


TYRANNUS TYRANNUS TYRANNUS (Linnaeus): Eastern Kingbird 


Specimens were obtained as follows: Waverly, May 6 and 11; 
Brandenburg, April 27; near Coopersville, Wayne County, June 8. 


MYIARCHUS CRINITUS BOREUS Bangs: Northern Crested Flycatcher 


The crested flycatcher was common in a dense cypress swamp near 
the northern arm of Reelfoot Lake southwest of Hickman, where 
specimens were taken on May 27. Others were obtained at Waverly 
on May 6 and 9, while the first one of the season was secured at 
Brandenburg on April 30. An adult male in rather worn plumage 
was shot near Monticello on June 15, and at Rockybranch an adult 
female was taken on June 14 and a young bird just from the nest on 
June 15. 


3 Auk, 1939, p. 84, 


NOTES ON BIRDS OF KENTUCKY—WETMORE 043 


As in the case of birds from Tennessee, the Kentucky specimens are 
typical of the northern race, being marked from the southern form 
by smaller bill and light dorsal coloration. 


SAYORNIS PHOEBE (Latham): Eastern Phoebe 


In the nesting period the phoebe was secured at Waverly, May 17; 
Brandenburg, April 28; Monticello, June 10 and 11; and Belfry, 
Pike County, July 4. The birds were common in the fall, being 
secured at this season at Canton, October 31; South Carrollton, Octo- 
ber 18 and 22; Roundhill, November 9; Burlington, October 11; 
Mount Vernon, October 3 and 4; and Middlesboro, September 28. 


EMPIDONAX FLAVIVENTRIS (Baird and Baird): Yelilow-bellied Flycatcher 


A female was collected in a cypress swamp about 4 miles southwest 
of Hickman, May 20. 


EMPIDONAX VIRESCENS (Vieillot) : Acadian Flycatcher 


The specimens taken include the following: Hickman, May 21, 25, 
27; Uniontown, May 10; Brandenburg, April 28; Monticello, June 
9, 10. 


MYIOCHANES VIRENS (Linnaeus): Eastern Wood Pewee 


This is one of the common flycatchers of the State, being taken as 
follows: Near Hickman, May 21, 24, 25, and 30; Uniontown, May 10 
and 17; Brandenburg, May 3; Rockybranch, June 13; Coopersville, 
June 3; Middlesboro, September 20, 21, and 28; 4,100 feet elevation on 
Black Mountain, near Lynch, June 21, 22, and 23. 


Family ALAUDIDAE 


OTOCORIS ALPESTRIS PRATICOLA Henshaw: Prairie Horned Lark 


In summer a horned lark was seen but not taken near Monticello, 
June 17. On October 27 a flock of nine was seen near South Carroll- 
ton, and a female taken is of the present race. There are also 
in the U. S. National Museum three males and one female, col- 
lected at Lexington November 30, 1898, by E. A. Mearns, that belong 
to the present form. Perrygo records 12 horned larks at Roundhill, 
Butler County, November 9, and 5 more at the same point on November 
12, but he did not secure specimens. 


Family HIRUNDINIDAE 


RIPARIA RIPARIA RIPARIA (Linnaeus): Bank Swallow 


The bank swallow was observed at Brandenburg on April 28, and 
one was taken at Uniontown on May 5. Others were recorded at 
Rockybranch, Wayne County, June 8 and 13. 


544 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 88 
STELGIDOPTERYX RUFIPENNIS SERRIPENNIS (Audubon): Rough-winged Swallow 


The six specimens secured come from the following localities: 
Waverly, May 12; Uniontown, May 5; Cloverport, May 4; and Rocky- 
branch, June 15. Others were seen at Monticello, June 9; Lynch, 
June 23; and Belfry, July 4. 


PROGNE SUBIS SUBIS (Linnaeus): Purple Martin 
Recorded at Rockybranch on June 8, 12, and 15. 


Family CORVIDAE 


CYANOCITTA CRISTATA CRISTATA (Linnaeus): Northern Blue Jay 


With regard to the blue jay the western part of Kentucky represents 
an area where there is approach to the southern form, most of the 
few breeding birds seen having the brighter blue color and more ex- 
tended white on wing and tail of the northern form but ranging some- 
what small for the average of that bird. Two males from near the 
northern arm of Reelfoot Lake measure 123.8 and 127.8 mm. in length 
of wing but are definitely bright blue above. This is of particular 
interest when it is remembered that birds from only slightly farther 
south in Obion County, Tenn., are nearer the southern form. A male 
from Waverly shot on May 11 is even deeper blue, though it measures 
only 122.5 mm., while another from Morganfield nearby, with the wing 
132.9 mm., meets the full requirements of cristata in color, markings, 
and size. Two males from Brandenburg, measuring 127.2 and 129 
mm., are a little small but otherwise typical of cristata. A male from 
4,100 feet elevation on Black Mountain near Lynch, with the wing tip 
rather worn still measures 130 mm. Other breeding birds that agree 
with the northern type in color come from Quincy, July 11 and 18, 
though in these the ends of the primaries are much frayed from wear 
so that their actual measurements (119.6 and 128.7 mm.) are 5 to 10 
mm. or so below what they would have been when the birds were in 
proper feather. An immature bird just from the nest was secured here. 

Birds were taken in fall as follows: Madisonville, October 24 
(male, wing 128 mm.) ; Sacramento, October 17 (males 127.4, 136.1, 
female 127.2); English, Carroll County, October 12 (127); Browns- 
ville, November 10 (130.6); and Morehead, October 8 (125). On 
the basis of size part of these are intermediate, but in color and in 
amount of white they belong with cristata. 

The intermediate character of the blue-jay population of the State 
is easily evident from this brief account. The interpretation pre- 
sented may be subject to some modification with more material but 
is the best that can be given at present. 


NOTES ON BIRDS OF KENTUCKY—WETMORE 545 


CYANOCITTA CRISTATA FLORINCOLA Coues: Florida Blue Jay 


The only bird in the series available that seems to represent the 
southern form of the blue jay is an adult female taken 3 miles south 
of Coopersville, Wayne County, June 3. This specimen has a wing 
measurement of 127 mm., which is within the maximum recognized by 
florincola, though a little larger than many. In its dorsal color it 
agrees with skins from northern Tennessee, as it does in the reduced 
amount of white on the secondaries, tertials, and tip of the tail. It 
is somewhat intermediate but nearer the southern form. It is probable 
that the breeding bird from elsewhere along the southern border of 
Kentucky west of the mountain area may belong here also, although 
birds from Hickman belong with the northern group. 


CORVUS BRACHYRHYNCHOS BRACHYRHYNCHOS Brehm: Eastern Crow 


The breeding crows of Kentucky as represented in the available 
collections, while in part slightly intermediate toward the southern 
form, are referred in the main to the northern subspecies. Further 
collecting is necessary, probably in considerable amount, to determine 
the actual status of the nesting form along the southern border except 
in the west. The southern race as a breeding bird seems to come into 
the State along the mountains in the southeast. 

Males taken near Hickman on May 21 have the wing 305 and 314 
mm. and the bill 49.8 and 50.2 mm. thus resembling the longer- 
winged, larger-billed brachyrhynchos. The specimen with the 
apparently shorter wing of 305 mm. has the ends of the primaries 
considerably worn, so the true measurement in fresh plumage would 
have been appreciably greater. An immature male just from the 
nest was taken at the same time as the adults mentioned. A male 
from Waverly, May 5, with the wing 331 mm. and the bill 50 mm. is 
very large. Specimens taken near Brandenburg fit also in the cate- 
gory of the northern race as two males shot April 23 and May 3 have 
the wing 308 mm. In one the bill measures 53.8 mm. The tip of 
the culmen in the second is broken by shot but the bill is definitely 
large. A female killed May 3 with the wing considerably worn 
measures 289 and 47.8 mm. The April bird may have been a north- 
ern migrant, but the two taken on May 3 were nesting. 

The following specimens assigned to brachyrhynchos were taken 
in fall: Princeton, November 5 (wing 311); South Carrollton, Octo- 
ber 18 (wing 307, culmen 50.1 mm.); Brownsville, November 12 
(wing 315); and Mount Vernon, October 6 (one female with wing 
310 and culmen 49.3, another with wing 293 and culmen 48.4). The 
second female from Mount Vernon approaches paulus. 


203705—40——3 


546 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou, 88 
CORVUS BRACHYRHYNCHOS PAULUS Howell: Southern Crow 


Four of the crows collected by Perrygo and his associates on the 
basis of smaller size are referred to the southern race. A male taken 
September 29 near the town of Middlesboro has the wing 289 mm. 
and the culmen 47.8 mm. It is presumably a bird from this general 
region since the date is too early for any extended migration or 
wandering. 

The race paulus nests in the mountains of northeastern Tennessee 
and might, therefore, be expected to breed in the Middlesboro area. 
A male taken at Burlington on October 11 has the wing 290 mm. and 
the culmen 46.3 mm. A female from Brownsville shot on November 
12 measures in the wing 300 mm. and in the culmen 46.1 mm. and 
one from Ghent 282 mm. and 46.5 mm. The smaller wing and short, 
slender bill place these with paulus. They seem to represent post- 
breeding wanderers. 


Family PARIDAE 


PENTHESTES CAROLINENSIS CAROLINENSIS (Audubon): Carolina Chickadee 


Four skins taken on September 20, 23, and 26 at elevations from 
2,000 to 2,800 feet on Log Mountain, between 7 and 8 miles west of 
Middlesboro, agree with specimens from the mountain area of eastern 
Tennessee in having slightly darker dorsal coloration and lighter buffy 
brown on the sides, differing in this from birds from central and 
western Kentucky. Male and female taken at 4,000 feet elevation on 
Black Mountain 414 miles southeast of Lynch show the same charac- 
ters. These are referred to true carolinensis, agreeing with skins in 
similar stage of plumage from near Charleston, S. C., the type locality. 
The Kentucky specimens represent the most northern limit known 
for this race and are probably at the northern edge of its range. They 
show some approach in their slightly larger size to extimus. 


PENTHESTES CAROLINENSIS EXTIMUS Todd and Sutton: Northern Carolina Chickadee 


This race of the Carolina chickadee, marked by slightly paler back 
and brighter buffy-brown sides, together with shghtly larger size, is 
found throughout Kentucky except in the southeast sections of the 
State. Specimens identified as this form were taken as follows: At 
the northern arm of Reelfoot Lake near Hickman, May 27 (two fully 
grown immature birds) and 28; Waverly, May 6; Canton, October 
29; South Carrolton, October 18; Brandenburg, April 21 and 22; 
Brownsville, November 8; Roundhill, November 7; Burlington, Octo- 
ber 10; Mount Vernon, October 1; Coopersville, June 6; Monticello, 
June 4; and Quincy, July 11. 

The black-capped chickadee was not found in the mountains on the 
eastern border but may occur at times as a winter migrant along the 
Ohio River. 


NOTES ON BIRDS OF KENTUCKY—WETMORE 547 
BAEOLOPHUS BICOLOR (Linnaeus): Tufted Titmouse 


This familiar species, distributed throughout the State, was recorded 
in all the localities visited except on the higher levels of Black Moun- 
tain. Specimens were obtained as follows: Near Hickman, May 20 
and 28; Canton, October 29; Waverly, May 9 and 11; Madisonville, 
October 21; South Carrollton, October 18; Brandenburg, April 21 and 
22; Roundhill, November 9; Brownsville, November 8; Ghent, October 
14; Bardstown, January 18, 1882 (taken by C. W. Beckham) ; Lexing- 
ton, December 1, 1898 (taken by E. A. Mearns) ; Mount Vernon, Octo- 
ber 8 and 6; Monticello, June 15; Coopersville, June 6; 2,000 to 2,900 
feet elevation on Log Mountain, near Middlesboro, September 19, 21, 
and 25; and Belfry, July 6. A young bird just from the nest was 
secured near Hickman on May 28. 


Family SITTIDAE 


SITTA CAROLINENSIS CAROLINENSIS Latham: White-breasted Nuthatch 


The two races of this nuthatch found in the eastern section of North 
America, the larger, paler Sitta c. carolinensis in the north and the 
smaller, darker Sitta c. atkinsi in the south, while sufficiently distinct 
when specimens from the northern and southern sections of the range 
are compared have a broad area in which there is transition between 
the two and in which the nuthatch population is definitely intermedi- 
ate. The State of Kentucky is included in this intermediate area, thus 
making the allocation of specimens difficult and in part to be accom- 
plished only through arbitrary decision. All the skins that I have 
seen from Kentucky are smaller than the average typical of the north- 
ern race. Some, however, are so distinctly pale colored that it seems 
best to place them with true carolinensis. 

Birds that I have identified as carolinensis were taken as follows: 
Roundhill, Butler County, November 11; Mount Vernon, Rockcastle 
County, October 1, 4, and 6; 2,800 and 2,900 feet elevation on Log 
Mountain, 7 miles west of Middlesboro, September 17, 20, and 22; 
and 3,800 to 4,100 feet elevation on Black Mountain, 4 miles south- 
east of Lynch. It will be observed that these localities are in the 
eastern and northern sections of the State. 


SITTA CAROLINENSIS ATKINSI Scott: Florida Nuthatch 


As stated above the southern race of this nuthatch is distinguished 
by smaller average size and darker dorsal coloration. Further, there 
is no gray on the crown in the female, a condition found occasionally 
in the northern race. Male and female taken May 27 near the 
northern end of Reelfoot Lake, 5 miles southwest of Hickman, agree 
with specimens from across the border in Tennessee and seem fairly 


548 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you. 88 


typical of the southern race. There are in addition a number of 
specimens from various localities in the western third of the State 
and along the southern border as far east as Wayne County that, 
while dark, are intermediate in color and as they carry the character 
of smaller size seem best placed with atkinsi. The females seen have 
the crown black. Following are specimens in this category; Golden 
Pond, Trigg County, November 3; Canton, November 1; Sacramento, 
October 17; South Carrollton, October 18 and 26; Rock Haven, 
Meade County, April 25; Coopersville, Wayne County, June 6; and 
Rockybranch, Wayne County, June 8 and 14. 

The specimen from Rock Haven is the most northeastern in this 
group. It is a male that is distinctly dark above with a wing meas- 
urement of 84.8 mm. The birds listed from Wayne County are 
small and dark. It would appear that the nuthatches of the western 
fourth or more of the State are to be placed with the southern race, 
which extends to the east along the Ohio River at the northern 
border at least to Meade County and along the southern boundary 
across to Wayne County. 


Family CHERTHIIDAE 


CERTHIA FAMILIARIS AMERICANA Bonaparte: Brown Creeper 


Found in migration, the first in fall being taken on October 17 
near Sacramento. One was seen near South Carrollton the day fol- 
lowing. One was taken at Canton on October 31 and others were 
collected at Brownsville on November 8. There is also a specimen 
in the National Museum taken at Lexington, November 30, 1898, by 
EK. A. Mearns. 


Family TROGLODYTIDAE 
TROGLODYTES AEDON BALDWINI Oberholser: Ohio House Wren 


An adult male taken 5 miles northeast of Quincy, Lewis County, 
July 11, belongs to this form. Birds observed at Belfry, Pike 
County, July 4, may also have been of the race. 


TROGLODYTES AEDON PARKMANII Audubon: Western House Wren 


Near Uniontown house wrens were common, three specimens being 
taken on May 10, evidently breeding birds. These birds, two males 
and a female, are of the western race, differing from the Ohio house 
wren in paler, more grayish coloration, especially below, and in the 
lighter, brighter brown of the flanks. 


NOTES ON BIRDS OF KENTUCKY—WETMORE 549 
NANNUS TROGLODYTES HIEMALIS (Vieillot): Eastern Winter Wren 


The winter wren was first seen in fall at 3,000 feet elevation on 
Log Mountain near Middlesboro on September 22, it being assumed 
that this was a migrant from the north. Specimens were taken at 
Morehead on October 8, Ghent on October 13, Madisonville on Octo- 
ber 20, and Canton on November 1. There is a specimen in the 
National Museum collected at Bardstown on November 21, 1882, by 
C. W. Beckham, 


THRYOMANES BEWICKIL BEWICKII (Audubon): Bewick’s Wren 


Near Brandenburg two were taken on April 22, and others were 
seen here on April 28 and at Rock Haven on April 26. One was 
secured near Mount Vernon on October 4 and one near Burlington 
on October 11. They were found near Monticello on June 9 and 10 
and near Madisonville on October 19, and one was collected at 2,800 
feet elevation on Log Mountain, near Middlesboro, on September 26. 


THRYOTHORUS LUDOVICIANUS LUDOVICIANUS (Latham): Carolina Wren 


Of State-wide distribution, specimens being taken as follows: 
Near Hickman, May 24 and 25; Canton, October 31 and November 
2; South Carrollton, October 27; Waverly, May 11; Brandenburg, 
April 20; Rock Haven, April 26; Roundhill, November 9; Ghent, 
October 18 and 14; Coopersville, June 6; Monticello, June 9 and 15; 
Mount Vernon, October 5; 2,600 and 2,800 feet elevation on Log 
Mountain, 7 miles west of Middlesboro, September 22 and 26; Belfry, 
Pike County, July 7. One was seen at an elevation of 4,000 feet on 
Black Mountain, near Lynch, on June 29. 


TELMATODYTES PALUSTRIS PALUSTRIS (Wilson): Long-billed Marsh Wren 


An immature male of the eastern race of this bird was taken 6 
miles south of Berea on October 5. This bird agrees in color of 
flanks with specimens of the same season from near Washington, D. C. 


TELMATODYTES PALUSTRIS ILIACUS Ridgway: Prairie Marsh Wren 


Four specimens assigned to this form were obtained, two near 
South Carrollton on October 24, one 6 miles west of Burlington on 
October 10, and one near Mount Vernon, Rockeastle County, on 
October 6. It will be noted that the eastern bird was taken in the 
same county as the one last mentioned. All specimens secured were 
obtained during the fall migration period, so that there is no indi- 
cation available from them as to whether they breed in this area. 

Todd‘ has indicated that the proper name of the prairie marsh 


«Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 1937, pp. 23—24. 


550 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 88 


wren is tliacus Ridgway and not dissaéptus of Bangs® as given in 
the fourth edition of the A. O. U. Check-list. 


CISTOTHORUS STELLARIS (Naumann): Short-billed Marsh Wren 


The only ones seen were observed during the fall migration, when 
specimens were obtained near South Carrollton on October 18 and 
24, at Canton on October 31, and 6 miles west of Burlington on 
October 11. 


Family MIMIDAE 


MIMUS POLYGLOTTOS POLYGLOTTOS (Linnaeus): Eastern Mockingbird 


Three specimens of the mockingbird were obtained as follows: 
Canton, October 29; Madisonville, October 20; and Roundhill, Novem- 
ber 12. The species was observed but not taken at Brandenburg, 
April 20 to 22; Rock Haven, April 26; Uniontown, May 10; Rocky- 
branch, June 13; Monticello, June 15 and 16; and Middlesboro, 
September 23. 


DUMETELLA CAROLINENSIS (Linnaeus): Catbird 


The catbird was collected as follows: Uniontown, May 5; Branden- 
burg, April 30 and May 8; Monticello, June 10; Mount Vernon, 
October 6; Middlesboro, September 28; 3,800 and 3,900 feet elevation 
on Black Mountain, near Lynch, June 23 and 24; and Quincy, July 11. 
In spring the first one was seen 6 miles northwest of Brandenburg 
on April 21. In fall the last was recorded near Mount Vernon on 
October 6. 


TOXOSTOMA RUFUM RUFUM (Linnaeus): Eastern Brown Thrasher 


Specimens were collected as follows: Uniontown, May 10; Waverly, 
May 12; Brandenburg, April 29; Monticello, June 14; 2,300 feet 
elevation on Pine Mountain, near Whitesburg, June 29; and Quincy, 
July 12. These all agree in measurements with the eastern race. 
For discussion of the eastern and western races of this bird the 
reader is referred to the Proceedings of the United States National 
Museum, vol. 86, 1939, pp. 214 to 215. 


Family TURDIDAE 


TURDUS MIGRATORIUS MIGRATORIUS Linnaeus: Eastern Robin 


As most of the robins secured were obtained during the period of 
migration the status of the breeding birds of Kentucky cannot be 
definitely outlined. An adult male from 4 miles west of Stearns, 
McCreary County, shot on June 16, is somewhat intermediate toward 


°Cistothorus (Telmatodytes) palustris dissaéptus Bangs, Auk, 1902, p. 352 (Wayland, 
Mass.). 


NOTES ON BIRDS OF KENTUCKY—WETMORE 951 


achrusterus, having a wing measurement of 127.4 mm. and the color 
of the lower surface slightly paler than typical migratorius (though 
above it is dark). Two skins in spotted juvenal plumage, fully 
grown, from Quincy, July 12, have the long wing of the northern race. 

The following skins were taken when northern migrants may have 
been present: South Carrollton, October 22; Golden Pond, November 
3; Canton, October 31; Brandenburg, April 29 (a pair of fully typical 
northern birds, possibly breeding) ; Brownsville, November 10; Ghent, 
October 14; Berea, October 6. 


TURDUS MIGRATORIUS ACHRUSTERUS (Batchelder): Southern Robin 


An adult female shot at 4,100 feet elevation on Black Mountain, 
4 miles southeast of Lynch, June 21, has the wing 120.7 mm. and the 
coloration very pale, being typical of the southern form. This 
should be the bird that nests along the southern border of Kentucky, 
but this can be ascertained only by further collecting. 

It may be noted that an adult male from 9 miles east of Williamson, 
W. Va., collected on July 8, 1938, is typical achrusterus. 


HYLOCICHLA MUSTELINA (Gmelin): Wood Thrush 


The wood thrush, distributed in summer throughout Kentucky, was 
obtained as follows: Uniontown, May 13; Brandenburg, April 28 
and May 2; Rock Haven, April 26; Log Mountain, near Middlesboro, 
September 23; 4,100 feet elevation on Black Mountain near Lynch, 
June 21; Belfry, Pike County, July 4 and 9 (the last an immature 
bird not quite grown) ; and Quincy, July 12. 


HYLOCICHLA GUTTATA FAXONI Bangs and Penard: Eastern Hermit Thrush 


Specimens were taken as follows: Madisonville, October 25; 
Brownsville, November 8; Roundhill, November 9; Ghent, October 
12 and 14; Morehead, October 8. 


HYLOCICHLA USTULATA SWAINSONI (Tschudi): Eastern Olive-backed Thrush 


Two were taken in fall migration at 2,800 and 2,900 feet elevation 
on Log Mountain, 7 miles west of Middlesboro, on September 17 
and 19. 


HYLOCICHLA USTULATA ALMAE Oberholser: Western Olive-backed Thrush 


That this form, described originally from the Great Basin, is truly 
distinct has been indicated recently by van Rossem*® and by Ober- 
holser? on the basis of more grayish, less brownish dorsal coloration. 
As a migrant this bird occurs casually to the eastward, and it is of 


6 Rield Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., vol. 23, 1938, p. 457. 
7 Louisiana Dept. Cons. Bull. 28, 1938, p. 472. 


552 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM yOL, 88 


interest to record the following specimens in the present collection: 
Uniontown, May 10, male and female; 6 miles northwest of Branden- 
burg, May 3, adult female; 2,800 feet elevation on Log Mountain, 
7 miles west of Middlesboro, September 17, adult male and immature 
female. 

HYLOCICHLA MINIMA MINIMA (Lafresnaye): Gray-cheeked Thrush 


The four specimens obtained were collected at Mount Vernon on 
October 1 and 3 and on Log Mountain, near Middlesboro, on Septem- 
ber 25 and 28. ‘These birds, all males, are representative of the larger, 
northern form of this bird as indicated by their wing measurements, 
which are 98.5, 99.8, 102.5, and 102.9 mm. 

According to recent studies by George J. Wallace * the type specimen 
of Lafresnaye’s Zurdus minimus instead of being the smaller Bick- 
nell’s thrush as identified some years ago by Bangs and Penard (whose 
statement was accepted for the fourth edition of the A. O. U. Check- 
list) is in reality the larger, northern bird currently recognized in the 
check-list as H. m, aliciae. WLafresnaye’s type, according to Wallace, 
has a wing measurement of 99 mm., which places it clearly with the 
larger bird, an opinion with which J. L. Peters (in litt.) agrees. 
Under these circumstances therefore the gray-cheeked thrush is to be 
known as Hylocichla minima minima. 


HYLOCICHLA FUSCESCENS FUSCESCENS (Stephens): Veery 


On Black Mountain, Harlan County, the veery is a common breed- 
ing bird at elevations ranging from 3,800 to 4,100 feet. Four speci- 
mens were secured here on June 21, 23, and 30. 


HYLOCICHLA FUSCESCENS SALICICOLA Ridgway: Willow Thrush 


An adult male of the willow thrush, differing from the veery in 
darker dorsal color and darker spots on the breast, was taken in migra- 
tion near Uniontown on May 10. 


SIALIA SIALIS SIALIS (Linnaeus): Eastern Bluebird 


Distributed widely, specimens were obtained as follows: In the 
isolated sector of Fulton County, south of New Madrid, Mo., separated 
by a loop of the Mississippi from the rest of Kentucky, June 1; Can- 
ton, November 2; South Carrollton, October 18; Waverly, May 12; 
Brandenburg, April 22 and 29; Roundhill, November 11; Brownsville, 
November 8; Burlington, October 11; Mount Vernon, October 3; 
Quincy, July 11. Young in spotted plumage, recently from the nest, 
were secured at Waverly on May 12 and at 4,150 feet on Black Moun- 
tain near Lynch on June 80. 


5 Bicknell’s thrush, its taxonomy, distribution, and life history. Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. 
Hist., vol. 41, No. 6, Jan. 1939, pp. 238-242. 


NOTES ON BIRDS OF KENTUCKY—WETMORE es 


Family SYLVIIDAE 
POLIOPTILA CAERULEA CAERULEA (Linnaeus): Blue-gray Gnatcatcher 


These slender little birds are most evident in spring and at the be- 
ginning of summer, when they are singing and nesting. Later in the 
season, when they are more quiet and the leaves are fully developed in 
the trees, they are observed ordinarily only by chance. Two were 
collected at Brandenburg on April 21 and 22, and others were seen at 
Rock Haven on April 26. Another was shot at Coopersville, Wayne 
County, June 6. 


CORTHYLIO CALENDULA CALENDULA (Linnaeus): Eastern Ruby-crowned Kinglet 


In spring these birds were taken at Rock Haven on April 26, 
Brandenburg on April 30, and Waverly on May 16, the last mentioned 
being an adult female. There is also a specimen collected at Wick- 
land, near Bardstown, April 10, 1882, by C. W. Beckham. The first 
arrival in fall was secured at 2,800 feet elevation on Log Mountain, 
near Middlesboro, September 27. Others were shot at Burlington on 
October 11, South Carrollton on October 18, and Roundhill on 
November 7. 


REGULUS SATRAPA SATRAPA Lichtenstein: Eastern Golden-crowned Kinglet 


This handsome little bird was obtained only during fall, the first 
one being seen at Mount Vernon, Rockcastle County, on October 1. 
Two days later ten were seen and one was taken. Others were secured 
at Madisonville on October 24, Canton on November 2, and Browns- 
ville on November 8. An adult male was shot at Lexington, November 
17, 1898, by E. A. Mearns. 


Family MOTACILLIDAE 


ANTHUS SPINOLETTA RUBESCENS (Tunstall): American Pipit 


Near Cadiz, Trigg County, two flocks were recorded on November 4, 
and two specimens were taken. 


Family BOMBYCILLIDAE 


BOMBYCILLA CEDRORUM Vieillot: Cedar Waxwing 


On Black Mountain, southeast of Lynch, Harlan County, the cedar 
waxwing was fairly common from 3,900 to 4,100 feet, an adult female 
being taken June 25. Elsewhere waxwings were seen at Brandenburg 
on April 22 and at Rock Haven on April 25. In fall they were re- 
corded on Log Mountain, near Middlesboro, on September 19 and 22, 
and specimens were taken at Mount Vernon on October 5, Canton on 
October 29, and Brownsville on November 12. There is also a speci- 


554 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you, 88 


men in the collection from Bardstown, shot on October 22, 1881, by 
C. W. Beckham. An adult male from Brownsville has red tips on 
three of the rectrices. 


Family LANITIDAE 
LANIUS LUDOVICIANUS MIGRANS Palmer: Migrant Shrike 


The five specimens at hand, all taken in fall, come from the follow- 
ing localities: Sacramento, October 25; Princeton, November 5; 
Brownsville, November 12; and Lexington, November 21, 1898 (col- 
lected by E. A. Mearns). 


Family STURNIDAE 
STURNUS VULGARIS VULGARIS Linnaeus: Starling 


The aggressive starling was taken at Uniontown on May 10 (young 
in juvenal plumage) and 13, Brandenburg on April 29, and Monti- 
cello on June 4. A flock was seen near Middlesboro on September 29. 


Family VIREONIDAE 
VIREO GRISEUS GRISEUS (Boddaert): White-eyed Vireo 


Specimens were obtained as follows: Hickman, May 25 and 26; 
Waverly, May 9; Brandenburg, April 22 and 30; Monticello, June 10 
and 11; Mount Vernon, October 4; and Middlesboro, September 19. A 
young bird just from the nest was taken near Hickman on May 25 and 
another a little older but still in juvenal plumage at Quincy on July 11. 

There have been three recent proposals with regard to geographic 
races in this species in that part of its range included in the Eastern 
United States. Ridgway °® recognized two subspecies, one from the 
Florida Keys and the coast district of the Florida Peninsula north to 
Tarpen Springs and Anastasia Island, and another ranging as a breed- 
ing bird throughout the Eastern United States to the northward west 
to the Great Plains. Todd ?° considered that the southern race ex- 
tended from southern Florida north to South Carolina and through 
the Gulf States to Louisiana, with the northern form ranging else- 
where to the northward. Oberholser" recognized three forms, in- 
cluding the two proposed by Todd, with the addition that he differen- 
tiates also the one from extreme southern Florida accepted by Ridgway. 

On examination of considerable material it is my conclusion that 
the treatment proposed by Mr. Ridgway is the one that is most logical. 


®U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 50, pt. 3, 1904, pp. 183-186. 
10 Wilson Bull., 1926, pp. 222-223. 
11 Louisiana Dept. Cons. Bull. 28, 1938, pp. 502-503. 


NOTES ON BIRDS OF KENTUCKY—WETMORE 55d: 


The Key West vireo, Vireo griseus maynardi Brewster, differs from 
the bird of the north in grayer dorsal color, in paler and more restricted 
yellow on sides and flanks, and in slightly larger bill. Breeding speci- 
mens from northern Florida and the Gulf States to Louisiana and 
north to South Carolina in series average very slightly duller yellow 
on the sides and flanks than those from farther north. The difference 
is slight and is appreciable only in part of the specimens I have seen, 
about one-half of those examined being identical from the two areas. 
In view of the slight amount of the difference and of its variation it 
does not seem to be practicable to recognize two races in this northern 
area, so that all the birds of the Eastern United States north of south- 
ern Florida should in my opinion be called Vireo griseus griseus. The, 
duller birds of the south merely represent intergrades toward the 
duller colored race maynard? of extreme southern Florida. 


VIREO FLAVIFRONS Vieillot: Yellow-throated Vireo 


Specimens were obtained during the breeding season at Hickman on 
May 21, Rockybranch on June 18, and Monticello on June 14. Several 
were found during the fall migration on the slopes of Log Mountain 
on September 20, 24, and 25. 


VIREO SOLITARIUS SOLITARIUS (Wilson) : Blue-headed Vireo 


One was shot near Morehead on October 8 and another near Sacra- 
mento on October 17. These are the only records made pertaining to 
the northern race of this bird. 


VIREO SOLITARIUS ALTICOLA Brewster: Mountain Vireo 


On Black Mountain, 4 miles southeast of Lynch, the mountain vireo 
was common above 3,800 feet, so that six specimens were collected 
between June 23 and 28. These all have the dark dorsal coloration and 
longer wing of this southern form. On Log Mountain, 7 miles west of 
Middlesboro, we found two on September 24, and later Perrygo col- 
lected another on September 27. These three birds are still in partial 
molt on the head and body and are believed to be representative of the 
nesting birds of this area. The range of this form in Kentucky is. 
necessarily decidedly limited. 


VIREO OLIVACEUS (Linnaeus): Red-eyed Vireo 


Common and widely distributed, specimens of the red-eyed vireo 
were collected as follows: Hickman, May 20; Uniontown, May 10; 
Waverly, May 11; Brandenburg, April 20 and 27; Coopersville, June 
3; Rocky Branch, June 7; Log Mountain, near Middlesboro, Septem- 
ber 17 and 20; Belfry, Pike County, July 4 and 6; 4,000 feet elevation 
on Black Mountain, near Lynch, June 27; Quincy, July 12. In fall the 
last one was recorded near Mount Vernon on October 5. 


556 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 88 


There are a considerable number of vireos of the general color 
pattern of the red-eye distributed widely in the warmer portions of the 
New World that it has been proposed to treat as geographic races of 
one species. Though it may develop that this is true, it is my own 
feeling that the evidence is not as yet conclusive, so that for the pres- 
ent I prefer to recognize olivaceus as a species distinct from the others. 
The question is one that is complicated by the fact that even the forms 
that breed in the West Indies, Mexico, and Central America are 
migratory, retiring to the south after nesting, so that the actual breed- 
ing ranges of some yet remain to be definitely ascertained. 


Family COMPSOTHLYPIDAE 
MNIOTILTA VARIA (Linnaeus): Black and White Warbler 


Specimens were obtained as follows: Brandenburg, April 28; 
Coopersville, June 6 (adult and one young fully grown); Rocky- 
branch, June 8; Bardstown, May 9, 1885 (taken by C. W. Beckham) ; 
Mount Vernon, October 1; Log Mountain, near Middlesboro, Sep- 
tember 24; 4,000 feet elevation on Black Mountain, near Lynch, June 
29 (adult and fully grown young). The last one seen in fall was 
recorded at Mount Vernon on October 3. 


PROTONOTARIA CITREA (Boddaert): Prothonotary Warbler 


In the northwestern section of the State one was taken 3 miles east 
of Waverly on May 9. Near Uniontown the birds seemed fairly com- 
mon, as three were seen and one was collected on May 13. In the 
cypress swamps 4 miles southwest of Hickman specimens were shot 
on May 20 and 27, including one young bird just from the nest in the 
curious, grayish, juvenile plumage. 


HELMITHEROS VERMIVORUS (Gmelin): Worm-eating Warbler 


An immature male was taken at 2,000 feet elevation on Log Moun- 
tain, 8 miles west of Middlesboro, on September 27. 


VERMIVORA PEREGRINA (Wilson): Tennessee Warbler 


In the spring migration specimens were shot near Waverly on May 
6 and near Uniontown on May 10. In fall they were common over the 
slopes of Log Mountain from September 19 to 23 (specimens taken 
on each of these dates), and one was collected at South Carrollton on 
October 26. At Bardstown, Nelson County, specimens were taken on 
September 13 and 15, 1880, and September 18, 1885, by C. W. Beckham. 


VERMIVORA RUFICAPILLA RUFICAPILLA (Wilson): Nashville Warbler 


An adult male was shot a mile east of Waverly on May 11. An 
older record is that of a male taken at Bardstown on April 28, 1877, 
by C. W. Beckham. 


NOTES ON BIRDS OF KENTUCKY—WETMORE 557 
COMPSOTHLYPIS AMERICANA PUSILLA (Wilson): Northern Parula Warbler 


The only one taken is an adult male shot on May 81 near the northern 
arm of Reelfoot Lake, 4 miles southwest of Hickman. This bird is 
dark above with a broad black band extending across the upper breast. 
In size it is small as the wing measures only 55.6 mm. This specimen 
is one of those small, richly colored birds of the type that led to the 
separation of the Mississippi Valley group in this species as the race 
ramalinae. Itseems to me at present too difficult to differentiate except 
for occasional individuals to allow its separation from pusilla. 


DENDROICA AESTIVA AESTIVA (Gmelin): Eastern Yellow Warbler 


An adult female was collected 7 miles east of Monticello on June 9. 
One was taken at Bardstown on April 23, 1877, by C. W. Beckham. 


DENDROICA MAGNOLIA (Wilson): Magnolia Warbler 


Recorded as follows: Uniontown, May 17; Hickman, May 25; and 
Log Mountain, west of Middlesboro, September 19, 22, and 25. 


DENDROICA CAERULESCENS CAERULESCENS (Gmelin): Black-throated Blue Warbler 


An adult male was taken at Waverly on May 11. A female shot 
on Log Mountain, west of Middlesboro, September 22, is also of the 
northern race as indicated by its paler dorsal coloration. 


DENDROICA CAERULESCENS CAIRNSI Coues: Cairns’s Warbler 


An excellent series of four males and three females taken at eleva- 
tions ranging from 3,800 to 4,100 feet on Black Mountain, near Lynch, 
June 20 to 24, show that this is the breeding form from this mountain 
area. There is also an adult male in the collection from 2,000 feet 
elevation on Log Mountain, 7 miles west of Middlesboro, collected on 
September 25. This last bird has no black in the back but is marked 
by the deep hue of the blue. 


DENDROICA CORONATA CORONATA (Linnaeus): Myrtle Warbler 


Records for this migrant species are as follows: Brandenburg, April 
21 and 22; Burlington, October 11; Madisonville, October 24; South 
Carrollton, October 24; Canton, October 29; Brownsville, November 
8 and 12. 


DENDROICA VIRENS VIRENS (Gmelin): Black-throated Green Warbler 


Two adult males were taken near Waverly on May 17. In fall speci- 
mens were obtained on Log Mountain on September 24 and 28, near 
Mount Vernon on October 1, and 9 miles northeast of Madisonville on 
October 24. One was collected at Bardstown on September 16, 1885, 
by C. W. Beckham. 


558 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 88 


It was unexpected to secure an adult male 2 miles east of Rocky- 
branch in Wayne County on June 7 and to see others here on June 13 
and 14, as well as at a point 7 miles east of Monticello on June 9. 
Apparently the species nests fairly commonly in this region, which 
is an extension of the breeding range previously known. ‘The eleva- 
tion is relatively low. The bird also breeds on Pine Mountain in 
Letcher County, as an adult male was shot there at 2,300 feet elevation, 
4 miles southeast of Whitesburg, June 29. 


DENDROICA CERULEA (Wilson): Cerulean Warbler 


The first one was seen at Rock Haven, Meade County, on April 26, 
and a male was taken near Brandenburg on May 2. In Wayne County 
those birds were common, specimens coming from Rockybranch on 
June 8 and east of Monticello on June 9 and 10. One was collected 
at Bardstown, Nelson County, April 18, 1877, by C. W. Beckham. 
The males in this small series show the usual variation in the breast 
band from a broad heavily marked collar of mixed slaty black and 
light blue to a narrow, interrupted line that crosses the white of the 
upper breast like a necklace. 


DENDROICA FUSCA (Miiller): Blackburnian Warbler 


That the Blackburnian warbler breeds on Black Mountain, near 
Lynch, is shown by an adult male collected at 4,000 feet on June 23. 
One was taken at Bardstown on September 11, 1885, by C. W. Beckham. 


DENDROICA DOMINICA DOMINICA (Linnaeus): Yellow-throated Warbler 


An adult male from Bardstown, Nelson County, taken on April 19, 
1877, by C. W. Beckham belongs to the typical race and is to be con- 
sidered a straggler. The lores are yellow, the white area on the 
rectrices is extensive, and the culmen from base measures 13.5 mm. 


DENDROICA DOMINICA ALBILORA Ridgway: Sycamore Warbler 


An adult female was collected 3 miles east of Waverly on May 7. 
The lores in this bird are entirely white, and the culmen from base 
measures 15.8 mm. 


DENDROICA PENSYLVANICA (Linnaeus): Chestnut-sided Warbler 


On Black Mountain, near Lynch, this warbler was common so that 
several were collected from June 21 to 23 at around 4,000 feet elevation. 
Others were taken on Log Mountain, near Middlesboro, on Septem- 
ber 19 and 22, and there is a specimen in the collection shot at Bards- 
town on May 2, 1885, by C. W. Beckham. 


NOTES ON BIRDS OF KENTUCKY—WETMORE 559 
DENDROICA CASTANEA (Wilson): Bay-breasted Warbler 


Over the higher slopes of Log Mountain, near Middlesboro, these 
birds were abundant from September 19 to 22, three being taken. 
There is also one collected on September 15, 1880, at Bardstown by 
C. W. Beckham. 


DENDROICA STRIATA (Forster): Black-poll Warbler 


The black-poll was seen at Uniontown on May 18, and specimens 
were taken at Corydon on May 14 and Waverly on May 16. One was 
shot at Bardstown on May 8, 1882, by C. W. Beckham. 


DENDROICA PINUS PINUS (Wilson): Northern Pine Warbler 


An adult male was taken 3 miles south of Coopersville on June 6, 
and others were seen in the region east of Monticello on June 9 and 10. 


DENDROICA DISCOLOR DISCOLOR (Linnaeus): Northern Prairie Warbler 


The first arrivals from the south were recorded 5 miles northwest 
of Brandenburg on April 22, when male and female were taken. 
Males were shot subsequently at Monticello on June 15 and near Stearns 
on June 16. In fall one was collected near Middlesboro on Sep- 
tember 28. There is also a specimen in the Museum from Bardstown 
taken on April 26, 1882, by C. W. Beckham. 


DENDROICA PALMARUM PALMARUM (Gmelin): Western Palm Warbler 


In spring the bird was noted only at Waverly, where a female was 
shot on May 6. In fall three specimens were taken on Log Mountain, 
west of Middlesboro, at elevations of 2,800 to 2,900 feet on September 
21 and 22, and one near the town of Middlesboro on September 29. 
Subsequently, two were secured 6 miles west of Burlington on 
October 10. 

SEIURUS AUROCAPILLUS (Linnaeus): Ovenbird 


The present species was collected during the breeding season at 
Coopersville on June 6, Rocky Branch on June 7, and 4,000 feet eleva- 
tion on Black Mountain, near Lynch, on June 28. From September 
21 to 27 these birds were common over the slopes of Log Mountain, west 
of Middlesboro. There is also a specimen in the Museum from the 
Edward J. Brown collection taken at Louisville September 4, 1884, 
by William Palmer. 


SEIURUS NOVEBORACENSIS NOVEBORACENSIS (Gmelin): Northern Water-thrush 


An adult female taken at Uniontown on May 10 belongs to the east- 
ern form as shown by its brownish dorsal color and small size (wing 
69 mm.). A water-thrush of undetermined race was seen at Middles- 
boro on September 28. 


560 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 88 


SEIURUS NOVEBORACENSIS NOTABILIS (Ridgway): Grinnell’s Water-thrush 


On May 9 an adult male was shot 3 miles east of Waverly. This 
bird is typical of the western race in darker gray, less brownish dorsal 
coloration. The wing measures 75.1 mm. 


SEIURUS MOTACILLA (Vieillot): Louisiana Water-thrush 


Specimens were obtained at Rock Haven April 25, and 7 miles 
east of Monticello June 9. One was taken at Bardstown on April 23, 
1877, by C. W. Beckham. 


OPORORNIS FORMOSUS (Wilson): Kentucky Warbler 


This handsome bird, named for the State from which these speci- 
mens come, was taken at Hickman on May 24 and 30 and near 
Monticello on June 9 and 15. 


GEOTHLYPIS TRICHAS BRACHIDACTYLA (Swainson): Northern Yellow-throat 


The first bird of the season was a male from 4 miles southeast of 
Brandenburg shot on April 27. Specimens collected at Waverly on 
May 6 and 7 and Uniontown on May 10 may have been summer 
residents or migrants. A male and two females from near the north- 
ern arm of Reelfoot Lake taken on May 20, 21, and 25 are to be 
considered breeding birds, as are specimens from Monticello, June 
15, 3,900 to 4,100 feet elevation on Black Mountain, near Lynch, 
June 23, 24 and 30, and 5 miles northeast of Quincy, July 11 and 12. 
The last mentioned include a juvenile bird not quite grown. Males 
in this series have wing measurements ranging from 52.2 to 55.8 mm., 
all but 4 being more than 54 mm, All have a definite spread of 
yellow across the lower breast and abdomen, and all are bright green 
above. 

In fall birds were taken at 2,800 feet on Log Mountain, near Mid- 
dlesboro, on September 21, at Mount Vernon on October 4, and at 
South Carrollton on October 22. These are definitely yellow below. 

All the birds seen from the State are referred to the race 
brachidactyla as understood at present. 


ICTERIA VIRENS VIRENS (Linnaeus): Yellow-breasted Chat 


Specimens were obtained as follows: Near Hickman, May 20 and 
24; Waverly, May 7 and 9; 3,900 to 4,100 feet elevation on Black: 
Mountain, near Lynch, June 23, 24, and 29; and Belfry, Pike County,. 
July 4. 

Two males from 4 miles southwest of Hickman, Fulton County, 
agree with specimens from near Reelfoot Lake in Tennessee in 
having the white of the malar region slightly more extensive than 
those seen from elsewhere in Kentucky and Tennessee. A male taken: 


NOTES ON BIRDS OF KENTUCKY—WETMORE 561 


near Waverly (U. S. N. M. No. 837821) has a white mark on the 
posterior part of the superciliary region and extensive yellow mark- 
ings on the scapulars and greater wing coverts. Curiously enough, I 
saw a yellow-breasted chat with similar markings, but with the 
white on the head much more extensive, several times about our camp 
at Tres Zapotes, southern Veracruz, Mexico, in March and early in 
April 1939. 


WILSONIA CITRINA (Boddaert): Hooded Warbler 


The first one of the season was seen at Rock Haven, Meade County, 
April 26. Specimens were taken at Hickman on May 30, at 3,800 
feet elevation on Black Mountain, near Lynch, on June 22, and on 
Log Mountain, near Middlesboro, on September 21 and 22. 


WILSONIA PUSILLA PUSILLA (Wilson): Wilson’s Warbler 


An adult male taken on May 16 comes from 3 miles east of 
Waverly, in Union County. 


WILSONIA CANADENSIS (Linnaeus): Canada Warbler 


On the summit of Black Mountain, near Lynch, the Canada warbler 
was fairly common. The three specimens obtained were taken at 3,800 
and 3,900 feet elevation on June 20, 28, and 24. The last mentioned is a 
juvenile bird barely grown. 


SETOPHAGA RUTICILLA (Linnaeus): Redstart 


Specimens were taken at the following places: Hickman, May 20 and 
27; Waverly, May 6 and 9; Uniontown, May 13; Monticello, June 9; 
Bardstown, April 24, 1877 (collected by C. W. Beckham); Mount 
Vernon, October 1; Log Mountain, near Middlesboro, September 23 ; 
4,100 feet elevation on Black Mountain, near Lynch, June 21; and 
Quincy, July 11. 

Oberholser ?? has recognized a western race of the redstart, using for 
it the name ¢ricolora of Miiller and stating that “this western race 
differs from the eastern form in smaller size, smaller orange or yellow 
wing-spot; in the female also in paler, more grayish, less conspicuously 
olivaceous, upper surface.” 

To check this I have examined a large series of redstarts from the 
entire breeding range of the species, and so far as I can determine there 
are no definite characters that will allow the segregation of two sub- 
species. Measurements of males taken from birds on or near their 
breeding grounds from east and west are as follows (averages given 
in parentheses) : 


2 Louisiana Dept. Cons. Bull. 28, 1938, pp. 572-573. 


562 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you, 88 


Twenty-eight specimens from Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Massa- 
chusetts, New York, and Pennsylvania, wing 62.7-66.9 (65.0), tail 
52.4-58.4 (55.4), culmen from base 10.2-12.6 (11.1), tarsus 16.0-18.1 
(17.6) mm. 

Eighteen specimens from Mackenzie, Athabaska, Alberta, Washing- 
ton, Montana, and South Dakota, wing 61.5-65.1 (63.6), tail 53.5-59.2 
(56.5), culmen from base 10.0-11.9 (10.4), tarsus 15.8-18.0 (17.0) mm. 

With length of wing taken for a criterion, it may be noted that while 
the smallest bird comes from the west (being a specimen taken on Slave 
River, Athabaska, 10 miles below Peace River, June 15, 1901) the dif- 
ference between it and the smallest eastern bird measured (a male 
from Locust Grove, Pa., taken on June 27, 1895) is only 1.2 mm., while 
the largest eastern bird exceeds the largest western skin by only 1.8 
mm. ‘Though the western series averages very slightly smaller, this 
difference for the two groups is only 1.4mm. It is obvious that there is 
so much overlap that the identification of specimens on the basis of 
larger or smaller size, except for a very few specimens, can only be by 
arbitrary decision. 

With regard to the wing spot, the basal portion of the secondaries, 
except the innermost, and of the primaries, except the outermost, is 
orange in the adult male and yellow in the female and immature 
male. The wing spot is most prominent in the male as it averages 
larger than in the female, in addition to being brighter colored. The 
extent to which this orange is exposed is governed by the amount of 
coverage by the overlying greater coverts and primary coverts. In 
examining a considerable series of birds I find much variation in the 
apparent size of this wing spot but cannot correlate this variation 
with definite geographic area. It appears to me that one factor in 
the apparent size of this wing spot is due to the method used by the 
collector in preparing specimens. Many follow the practice—one 
that to me has always seemed pernicious and that I have never fol- 
lowed—of loosening the secondaries from the ulna in cleaning the flesh 
from the wing. In the finished specimen this may easily change the 
relation between the secondaries and the coverts overlying their bases, 
and in the case of these redstarts may modify the apparent size of 
the exposed section of orange color that constitutes the wing spots. 

Finally Iam not able to detect differences in dorsal color in females 
from the eastern and western areas. 


Family ICTERIDAE 


STURNELLA MAGNA MAGNA (Linnaeus): Eastern Meadowlark 


The meadowlarks of Kentucky offer some difficulty in identification 
since in the south and west there are birds intermediate between the 


NOTES ON BIRDS OF KENTUCKY—WETMORE 563 


eastern and the southern forms, the latter ranging into the south- 
western section of the State. In a pair from Corydon, Henderson 
County, taken on May 14, the wing in the male is 123.5 mm. and in 
the female 109.8 mm. They are rather deep yellow below, in this 
seeming slightly intermediate toward the southern form, and are a 
little dark above. While slightly intermediate they belong with the 
northern bird. An adult male from Brandenburg, taken on April 
30, with the wing 122.4 mm., is similar to them, as is a male taken at 
Bardstown, April 14, 1877, by C. W. Beckham, which has the wing 
120mm. Two fall males, shot 11 miles south of Brownsville on No- 
vember 11, which measure 118.4 and 118.9 mm., are also rather bright 
below, though lighter above. A breeding male collected 4 miles east 
of Monticello on June 16, with the wing 117.3, is definitely intermedi- 
ate in its brighter breast and is placed somewhat arbitrarily with 
magna. More material is desirable from this area to settle the status 
of its breeding birds. A female from Mount Vernon, secured on 
October 5, is light in color and has the wing 105.3 mm. An adult 
female from Middlesboro, September 29, measures 106.9 mm. A 
juvenile bird just from the nest was collected at Fullerton, Greenup 
County, on July 13. 


STURNELLA MAGNA ARGUTULA Bangs: Southern Meadowlark 


This race of meadowlark, distinguished by small size, brighter 
yellow below, and darker hue above, is found in southwestern 
Kentucky. An adult male shot on June 1 on the banks of the 
Mississippi, in the small section of Fulton County that les in a loop 
of the river south of New Madrid, Mo., is distinctly bright yellow 
below and dark above and has the wing 112 mm. Another male 
taken on May 30 about 4 miles southwest of Hickman, with the wing 
measuring 116.8, is even darker above and brighter below. Fall 
specimens include two males from Trigg County that also are identi- 
fied as the southern race. One from Canton, November 2, measures 
116.8, and one from 5 miles northeast of Golden Pond, November 3, 
has the wing 115.3. The color in these two is deep. Two males 
obtained 9 miles northeast of Madisonville on October 21, which 
measure 116 and 116.8 mm., also belong in this series. The limit of 
the ranges between the two forms in southwestern Kentucky thus is 
indicated, though further collecting is necessary to determine the 
northern limit of the race argutula. 


AGELAIUS PHOENICEUS PHOENICEUS (Linnezeus): Eastern Red-wing 


A fair series obtained both in the breeding season and in the time 
of fall migration contains only specimens of this form. Records are 
as follows: 4 miles southwest of Hickman, near the northern ex- 


564 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou, 88 


tremity of Reelfoot Lake, May 23 and 24; Waverly, May 11 and 12 
(the last a male in the immature stage where the epaulets are almost 
wholly black); Roundhill, November 12; Rock Haven, April 25; 
Ghent, October 13; Burlington, October 13; Berea, October 4; and 
Quincy, July 13. 


ICTERUS SPURIUS (Linnaeus): Orchard Oriole 
An adult male was taken 4 miles west of Stearns on June 16. 
EUPHAGUS CAROLINUS (Miiller): Rusty Blackbird 
A male comes from Roundhill, Butler County, November 11. 
QUISCALUS VERSICOLOR Vieillot: Bronzed Grackle 


Specimens were obtained as follows: Hickman, May 31; Waverly, 
May 12; Roundhill, November 11 and 12; and Quincy, July 18 (in- 
cluding one juvenile bird fully grown). 

These are all typical of the bronzed grackle as would be expected 
from the area covered. Elsewhere * I have indicated my reasons for 
considering this bird as specifically distinct from the purple grackles 
of more eastern range, and for using the name versicolor Vieillot 
instead of aeneas Ridgway. My good friend Dr. Frank M. Chap- 
man ** has objected to this on the ground that the specimen in the 
Paris Museum may not be the actual type of Vieillot’s description. 
While I hesitate to disagree, especially since Dr. Chapman has devoted 
so much careful study to these grackles, I find it necessary after a 
second review of the question to hold to my former statement. 


MOLOTHRUS ATER ATER (Boddaert): Eastern Cowbird 


The wide distribution of the cowbird during the nesting season is 
indicated by the following records: On the Mississippi River in 
extreme western Fulton County, in the area cut off from the rest of 
the State and south of New Madrid, Mo., June 1; Waverly, May 7; 
Rock Haven, April 26; Belfry, July 5 (immature) ; Quincy, J uly 12 
(immature); and Fullerton, July 13. The last is an immature male 
molting into first fall plumage. 


Family THRAUPIDAE 
PIRANGA ERYTHROMELAS Vieillot: Scarlet Tanager 
The first scarlet tanagers of the spring were seen near Brandenburg 


on April 21. Specimens are at hand from Uniontown, May 13; 


43 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 86, 1939, pp. 230-281. 
144 Auk, 1939, pp. 364—365. 
7% See Auk, 1939, pp. 505-506. 


NOTES ON BIRDS OF KENTUCKY 


WETMORE 565 


Bardstown, May 7, 1881 (taken by C. W. Beckham) ; 4,100 feet eleva- 
tion on Black Mountain, 4 miles southeast of Lynch, June 21; and 
2,800 feet elevation on Log Mountain, 7 miles west of Middlesboro, 
September 17. 


PIRANGA RUBRA RUBRA (Linnaeus) : Summer Tanager 


Specimens were taken at the following localities: Near Hickman, 
May 26; Brandenburg, May 3; Coopersville, June 6; Bardstown, 
May 7, 1877 (shot by C. W. Beckham) ; and Belfry, July 8. They were 
seen on Log Mountain, west of Middlesboro, on September 21, and 
near Mount Vernon on October 1. 


Family FRINGILLIDAE 
RICHMONDENA CARDINALIS CARDINALIS (Linnaeus): Eastern Cardinal 


The cardinal was recorded in all localities visited except on the 
higher elevations of Black Mountain in Harlan County. Specimens 
were obtained as follows: Hickman, May 20 and 24; Golden Pond, 
November 3; Canton, October 29; Uniontown, May 5; Waverly, May 
6; Madisonville, October 20; South Carrollton, October 18; Roundhill, 
November 11; Brandenburg, April 20; Rock Haven, April 26; Bur- 
lington, October 11; Rockybranch, June 8 (young bird recently from 
nest) and 14; Monticello, June 9; Mount Vernon, October 4; 2,000 
feet elevation on Log Mountain, Bell County, September 27; Middles- 
boro, September 28; Belfry, July 4 (young bird recently from nest) 
and 5; and Quincy, July 11. 


HEDYMELES LUDOVICIANUS (Linnaeus): Rose-breasted Grosbeak 


In spring specimens were taken at Brandenburg on April 30 and 
at Uniontown on May 10. They were fairly common as breeding birds 
on the summit of Black Mountain, near Lynch, where a male was col- 
lected on June 21. Three were taken and others were seen on Log 
Mountain, west of Middlesboro, on September 19, 20, and 23, and the 
last of the season was secured at Mount Vernon on October 4. 


PASSERINA CYANEA (Linnaeus): Indigo Bunting 


In the summer season the indigo bunting is distributed through- 
out the State. Specimens were secured as follows: Hickman, May 
27; Uniontown, May 5; Waverly, May 11; Brandenburg, April 29; 
Monticello, June 10; Coopersville, June 6; Mount Vernon, October 3 
and 4; 2,300 feet elevation on Pine Mountain, near Whitesburg, 
June 29; Quincy, July 12. 


566 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88 


SPIZA AMERICANA (Gmelin): Dickcissel 


Throughout the open country of western Kentucky the dickcissel 
is one of the common summer residents seen constantly in travel 
along the roads. Specimens were obtained as follows: Hickman, 
May 20, 28, and 31; Waverly, May 6, 7, and 11; and Corydon, May 14. 


CARPODACUS PURPUREUS PURPUREUS (Gmelin): Eastern Purple Finch 


In fall the purple finch was found at Roundhill, Butler County, 
on November 7 and 12, two adult males and a female being taken. 
One was collected at Bardstown on April 11, 1877, by C. W. 
Beckham. 


SPINUS PINUS PINUS (Wilson): Northern Pine Siskin 


Two were taken on October 27 near South Carrollton. Later a 
flock was recorded on November 12 near Brownsville. 


SPINUS TRISTIS TRISTIS (Linnaeus): Eastern Goldfinch 


Near Brandenburg goldfinches in molt from winter to summer 
dress were taken April 23 and May 3. One from Waverly collected 
on May 6 is just completing this molt. Summer birds were taken 
at Monticello on June 10 and 15, at 3,800 feet elevation on Black 
Mountain on June 23, and near Quincy on July 12. A juvenile 
bird recently from the nest and an adult male in worn plumage 
were collected at 2,800 feet on Log Mountain, 7 miles west of Mid- 
dlesboro, on September 21, and other young birds in postjuvenal 
molt were secured at Burlington on October 11. Specimens in win- 
ter dress include one from South Carrollton, October 27; two from 
Roundhill, November 7; and one from Lexington, November 17, 
1898 (taken by E. A. Mearns). 


LOXIA CURVIROSTRA Linnaeus: Red Crossbill 


There is in the National Museum an adult male red crossbill, taken 
at Bardstown in March 1883 by C. W. Beckham, that agrees with 
Ludlow Griscom’s description of Loaia curvirostra neogaea. It is 
dull red in color and has the following measurements: Wing 91, tail 
52.2, culmen from base 17.3, depth of bill 9.2, tarsus 16.5 mm. 


PIPILO ERYTHROPHTHALMUS ERYTHROPHTHALMUS (Linnaeus): Red-eyed Towhee 


Although two forms of towhee are found in Tennessee, the Alabama 
towhee (Pipilo e. canaster) ranging in the southeastern and eastern 
sections north to Shady Valley, the birds of Kentucky are all to be 
classed as the typical form. The only suggestion of the more south- 


16 Loxia curvirostra neogaea Griscom, Proc. Boston Soe. Nat. Hist., vol. 41, Jan. 1937, 
pp. 98, 110 (Lake Umbagog, Maine). 


NOTES ON BIRDS OF KENTUCKY 


WETMORE 567 


ern race is found in three immature male birds taken on the summit 
of Log Mountain, all being in molt from juvenal to first fall plumage. 
In these the color of the flanks is very faintly paler than normal, 
indicating some faint trace of the influence of the more southern form. 

Specimens were obtained as follows: Waverly, May 7 and 9; Can- 
ton, October 31; Madisonville, October 20; Roundhill, November 7; 
Brandenburg, April 22 and 23; Ghent, October 11; English, October 
12; Mount Vernon, October 3; Morehead, October 8; 2,800 feet eleva- 
tion on Log Mountain, 7 miles west of Middlesboro, September 17; 
2,300 feet elevation on Pine Mountain, near Whitesburg, June 29 
(juvenile) ; and 4,000 and 4,100 feet elevation on Black Mountain, 
near Lynch, June 21, 22, and 23. 


PASSERCULUS SANDWICHENSIS SAVANNA (Wilson): Eastern Savannah Sparrow 


The material recently collected from the eastern part of the Mis- 
sissippl drainage, including birds from West Virginia, Tennessee, 
and Kentucky, has made it important to review the entire collection 
from the eastern United States in the National Museum in accord- 
ance with the new understanding of the geographic races of this in- 
teresting bird offered in the excellent study published recently by 
James L. Peters and Ludlow Griscom.%*7 The work has involved 
many days of careful consideration, and through a clearer under- 
standing has changed a few of the identifications published in my 
recent studies on birds from West Virginia and Tennessee. In the 
present report therefore I have listed all this material again to bring 
the record down to date. As Peters and Griscom have indicated, 
identification of geographic races in this species, though highly in- 
teresting, is much involved, and requires careful comparison of series 
of specimens taken at the same season of the year. In the present 
investigation the entire lot of birds was assorted by months so that 
birds of exactly comparable stage of plumage could be examined 
together. 

After going into the question with much care I am still of the 
opinion expressed earlier ’® that the Ipswich sparrow is specifically 
distinct from the Savannah sparrows proper. 

In modern application of trinomial nomenclature the tendency 
of some workers seems to be to replace the species concept with its 
division into geographic races with the “formenkreis” concept, and 
to use the latter as the unit in nomenclature, differentiating all its 
included forms by use of a third term in the scientific name. While 


17 Geographical variation in the Savanna sparrow. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl, vol. 80, 


Jan. 1938, pp. 445-478, 1 pl. 
18 Wetmore, A., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 86, 1989, pp. 286-237. 


568 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL, 88 


in many cases the formenkreis and the species unit may coincide, in 
others the formenkreis may include units that are truly separate 
specific entities, as well as those that cover intergrading geographic 
races. It is only confusing and misleading to label distinct species 
with a trinomial in the same manner as very slightly differentiated 
subspecies. In some cases, in fact, the formenkreis may have the 
same value as the subgenus, from a nomenclatural standpoint. In the 
present case the Ipswich sparrow should continue to be listed as 
Passerculus princeps. 

With the rest of the conclusions reached by Peters and Griscom 
with regard to eastern forms of the Savannah sparrow I am in 
accord, though I believe that the material available now indicates a 
slightly different understanding of the distribution of the far north- 
ern forms. Disregarding for the moment the very gray race neva- 
densis, which breeds from British Columbia, east of the Cascade 
Range, to Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, and eastward to Minne- 
sota and southern Wisconsin, the two authors in question have recog- 
nized two very dark forms heavily marked with black. One of these, 
oblitus from the western side of Hudson Bay, has the dorsal surface, 
aside from the very black dark markings, distinctly gray. The other, 
labradorius, is as definitely brown. The race labradorius seems to 
have its maximum expression in deep brown color in birds that I 
have seen from Fort Chimo, in northern Ungava, while toward the 
southeast in Labrador and Newfoundland it begins to intergrade with 
the more southern form, savanna. This seems to indicate a wider 
breeding range for /abradorius than previously supposed to the west 
of Labrador, from which area many of the very dark brown birds 
migrate southward into the Mississippi Valley. Here they mingle 
with the grayer dark birds oblitus that are migrant from areas far- 
ther west. This conception gives a more extended winter range to 
laboradorius, as Peters and Griscom have reported this form in fall, 
winter, and spring mainly along the Atlantic seaboard. 

The race savanna is marked by lighter-brown dorsal plumage, with 
the sides of the head paler, and the spots and streaks on the under 
surface somewhat reduced and in the main dark brown. 

The following specimens from Kentucky are identified as P. s. sa- 
vanna: Cerulean, November 5; Canton, November 2; Madisonville, 
October 24; South Carrollton, October 24, 25, and 27; Roundhill, 
November 12; Bardstown, March 3, 1882 (taken by C. W. Beckham) ; 
Berea, October 6; and Richmond, October 4. 

West Virginia specimens are as follows: Big Burn, near Yokum 
Knob, Middle Mountain, July 4, 1936; 3,200 feet elevation on Flat 
Top Mountain, near Flat Top, October 15, 1936. (The remaining 


NOTES ON BIRDS OF KENTUCKY—WETMORE 569: 


specimen recorded originally as savanna’ proves now to be 
labradorius.) 

Tennessee: Rockwood, March 18, 21, and 31, 1885, taken by A. H. 
Fox. (The birds recorded *° as taken on April 7, 1885, by A. H. Fox 
prove to be dabradorius, while the two reported from Bartlett, April 
19, 1937, are oblitus. There is also a specimen of obdlitus shot at 
Rockwood March 31, 1885, by A. H. Fox.) 


PASSERCULUS SANDWICHENSIS LABRADORIUS Howe: Labrador Savannah Sparrow 


This race is marked by very dark color, with heavier and more 
prominent black markings above, the feathers being bordered with 
darker brown, the sides of the head darker, the edgings of the remiges 
usually very rich dark brown, and the spots and streaks of the under 
surface abundant and usually deep black in color. Specimens from 
Kentucky include the following: 6 miles northwest of Brandenburg, 
May 3; Mount Vernon, October 3 and 6; Berea, October 6; South 
Carrollton, October 18 and 22; and Canton, November 1. 

From West Virginia, in addition to the specimen taken November 
2, 1936, at Mercers Bottom identified originally as labradorius, it now 
appears that another taken at this same place on October 29 belongs 
to this same race. 

From Tennessee two skins from Rockwood collected on April 7, 
1885, by A. H. Fox belong here, the form Jabradorius being an addi- 
tion to the list of birds in my recent report on collections from that 
State. 

While Passerculus sandwichensis oblitus Peters and Griscom is not 
represented in the present collection from Kentucky, it will un- 
doubtedly be found there as a migrant. 


PASSERCULUS SANDWICHENSIS NEVADENSIS Grinnell: Nevada Savannah Sparrow 


This race is much paler gray above, with the black markings re- 
duced above and below, the sides of the head paler, the yellow over 
the eye lighter and less in amount, and the bill usually more slender. 
Peters and Griscom have extended the breeding range of this well- 
marked form east to southern Wisconsin. 

An immature male taken at South Carrollton on October 22 is 
entirely characteristic of this well-marked form. 

Two were taken in Tennessee, at Ellendale on April 17 and at 
Bartlett on April 19, these having been recorded by me originally 
as oblitus. They now prove to be nevadensis. 


79 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 84, 1937, p. 436. 
20 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 86, 1939, p. 236. 


570 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you, 89 


AMMODRAMUS SAVANNARUM AUSTRALIS Maynard: Eastern Grasshopper Sparrow 


The first arrival in spring was recorded at Brandenburg on April 
20, and on April 27 a male was taken 4 miles southeast of that town. 
A colony was located in June 4 miles east of Monticello, and two 
adult males and a young bird able to fly were obtained on June 11. 
Other males were collected 5 miles northeast of Quincy on July 11 
and at Fullerton on July 12. 


AMMODRAMUS SAVANNARUM BIMACULATUS Swainson: Western Grasshopper Sparrow 


On April 30 an adult male of the western form of the grasshopper 
sparrow was taken 6 miles northwest of Brandenburg. As another 
secured 10 miles to the southeast is the eastern form, this bird must 
be a migrant enroute to some breeding ground to the northwest. 
Further studies should be made to determine whether the western 
race is regularly present in migration in western Kentucky. 


PASSERHERBULUS CAUDACUTUS (Latham): LeConte’s Sparrow 


At dusk on October 24 a little over a mile west of South Carrollton 
a little flock of these birds flew into a growth of bush-clover (Lespe- 
deza) in a lowland field. The three specimens taken constitute one 
of the interesting finds of the work of the fall season. 


POOECETES GRAMINEUS GRAMINEUS (Gmelin): Eastern Vesper Sparrow 


The vesper sparrow was seen at Brandenburg on April 20. In fall 
migration specimens were taken at Bedford on October 13, Golden 
Pond on November 3, and Cadiz on November 4. 


CHONDESTES GRAMMACUS GRAMMACUS (Say): Eastern Lark Sparrow 


The only lark sparrow from Kentucky available is a male taken at 
Wickland estate, near Bardstown, Nelson County, April 25, 1877, by 
C. W. Beckham. 


AIMOPHILA AESTIVALIS BACHMANI (Audubon): Bachman’s Sparrow 


The only specimen obtained is a male shot 6 miles northwest of 
Brandenburg on April 21. This bird is identified as bachmani 
though it is somewhat intermediate toward the more western race, 
allinoensis.*+ 


JUNCO HYEMALIS HYEMALIS (Linnaeus) : Slate-colored Junco 


This common winter resident and migrant was obtained as follows: 
Ghent, October 14; Madisonville, October 20; Canton, October 29 and 
31; and Roundhill, November 7. 


21 See Wetmore, A., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 86, 1939, p. 238. 


NOTES ON BIRDS OF KENTUCKY—WETMORE 571 
JUNCO HYEMALIS CAROLINENSIS Brewster: Carolina Junco 


Perrygo found this race of the junco fairly common at 3,800 feet 
and above on Black Mountain, near Lynch, and prepared six specimens 
on June 20, 21, 22, and 29. These have the more uniform gray color, 
with the head similar to the back, that marks this southern mountain 
subspecies. Measurements are as follows: Males (4 specimens), wing 
16.8, 17.3, 79.4, 80.5, tail 64.3, 66, 66.3, 70.3, culmen from base LAG 
12.5, 12.8, 13.2, tarsus 21.2, 22.4, 22.4,29.7 mm. Females (2 specimens), 
wing 72.4, 73.6, tail 61.8, 63.8, culmen from base 12.3, 12.7, tarsus 21.3, 
22 mm. 

Whether this junco nests elsewhere along the eastern boundary of 
the State and its complete range within Kentucky should be ascer- 
tained. 


SPIZELLA PASSERINA PASSERINA (Bechstein): Eastern Chipping Sparrow 


Specimens were obtained as follows: Cadiz, November 4; Branden- 
burg, April 23 and 80; Bedford, October 18; Rockybranch, June 8 and 
13; Monticello, June 16; and Middlesboro, September 28. One of 
the birds from Bedford collected on October 18, an immature male, is 
very much lighter above than the majority of eastern birds taken at 
the same season, offering thus a definite resemblance to S. p. arizonae 
in fall dress. On close examination, however, the Bedford bird is 
deeper buffy brown than the western form. I have seen a few other 
specimens from eastern localities that resemble it. 


SPIZELLA PUSILLA PUSILLA (Wilson): Eastern Field Sparrow 


The field sparrows of Kentucky are typical of the eastern form 
until the extreme western border of the State is reached. An adult 
female collected on June 1, in the segment of Fulton County separated 
from the rest of the State by a loop of the Mississippi River, is very 
slightly paler above, showing thus a faintly intermediate condition 
toward the western race, arenacea. One fully grown, in juvenal plum- 
age, shows the same characteristics as the adult. Both, however, are 
to be classed as pusilla. 

Other records are as follows: Waverly, May 7 and 9; Canton, 
October 31 and November 2; Madisonville, October 20 and 24; 
Brownsville, November 8; Brandenburg, April 20, 21, and 22; Bur- 
lington, October 11; Bedford, October 13 (partial albino); Ghent, 
October 14; Monticello, adult male June 11, juveniles June 10 and 
15; Lexington, November 17, 1898 (taken by E. A. Mearns) ; Mount 
Vernon, October 3; Middlesboro, September 28; at 3,900 to 4,100 
feet elevation on Black Mountain, near Lynch, June 22, 24 (juvenile), 
and 28; Belfry, July 6 (juveniles). 


572 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 88 


ZONOTRICHIA LEUCOPHRYS LEUCOPHRYS (Forster): White-crowned Sparrow 


The records obtained for this interesting sparrow were all made 
in fall. The first seen were two immature females collected October 
10 on the banks of the Ohio River 6 miles west of Burlington. Near 
Ghent on October 14 an adult female was shot and several others 
were seen. One was collected 9 miles northeast of Madisonville on 
October 21, and near Canton the birds were common from October 31 
to November 2, one being taken on the last date mentioned. 


ZONOTRICHIA ALBICOLLIS (Gmelin): White-throated Sparrow 


In spring two males were collected near Brandenburg on April 20 
and 21, the birds being common at the time. The first in fall was 
recorded at Mount Vernon on October 2. Specimens were taken at 
English on October 12, Madisonville on October 20, Canton on Octo- 
ber 29 and November 2, and Brownsville on November 8. The birds 
were abundant at Roundhill on November 9. 


PASSERELLA ILIACA ILIACA (Merrem): Eastern Fox Sparrow 


Specimens of the fox sparrow were taken at South Carrollton on 
October 24, Cerulean on November 5, and Roundhill on November 7. 


MELOSPIZA LINCOLNIIE LINCOLNIL (Audubon): Lincoln’s Sparrow 


One was shot 2 miles north of Mount Vernon, Rockcastle County, 
on October 4. 


MELOSPIZA GEORGIANA GEORGIANA (Latham): Eastern Swamp Sparrow 


In his recent work on the birds of Louisiana Dr. Oberholser ?? has 
separated a western race of the swamp sparrow, a proposal that ap- 
pears to me valid after examination into it. The birds from the 
eastern part of the range of the species are darker above, with the 
brown more reddish, and the gray of the sides and hindneck darker. 
In fall plumage, when the colors are deeper in tone, distinctness in 
the shade of gray frequently disappears, but the darker color of the 
upper surface in general serves to separate birds of the east. 

In the material from Kentucky the following are identified as 
the eastern race: Madisonville, October 24; Brandenburg, April 23; 
Round Hill, November 7; Burlington, October 7; Berea, October 5; 
and Mount Vernon, October 5 and 6. 

In view of this recognition of two forms I have examined the 
specimens secured in West Virginia in 1936 and in Tennessee in 1937 
with the result that the following records pertain to the eastern 
bird: 


22 Louisiana Dept. Cons. Bull. 28, 1938, p. 675. 


NOTES ON BIRDS OF KENTUCKY—WETMORE 5i3 


West Virginia (taken in 1936 unless otherwise noted): Middle 
Mountain, 12 miles northeast of Durbin, June 29; Middle Mountain, 
near Yokum Knob, July 4; Cranberry Glades, June 11 and 12; Ash- 
ton, October 31; 2,000 feet elevation on Cherry Pond Mountain, near 
Arnett, October 23; Orgas, October 24; 3,800 feet elevation on Cheat 
Mountain, 3 miles west of Cheat Bridge, September 25; Cheat Bridge, 
October 1, 1985; and 3,000 feet elevation on Williams River, Poca: 
hontas County, October 3. 

Tennessee (taken in 1937 unless otherwise noted) : Hickory Withe, 
April 10; Reelfoot Lake, 2 miles east of Phillippy, October 12; 6 
miles east of Pulaski, November 4; Rockwood, March 19, 20, and 238, 
1885. 


MELOSPIZA GEORGIANA ERICRYPTA Oberholser %: Western Swamp Sparrow 


As indicated above the swamp sparrow of the western area of the 
general range may be separated on the basis of lighter coloration 
above, the brown of rump and back being distinctly lighter, with 
the brownish edgings of the dorsal feathers paler and the gray of 
the hindneck and sides of the neck paler. In fall these birds are 
also lighter in color, especially on the rump and upper tail coverts. 
As stated in the account of the eastern form the gray hues in fall 
are somewhat darker, so that there is sometimes no distinction here. 

These differences I have worked out from comparison of 10 breed- 
ing males from West Virginia, western Pennsylvania, and Massa- 
chusetts and 7 from Alberta (the type locality) and Mackenzie. The 
characters once established are evident in migrant birds, but I am 
not prepared at present to attempt to outline the distribution. Ober- 
holser’s statement that the western birds are smaller is not borne 
out by measurements that I have made, the two groups being 
practically identical. 

Following are specimens obtained as migrants in Kentucky that I 
have assigned to this race: Canton, October 31; South Carrollton, 
October 18 and 24; Roundhill, November 7 and 11; and Brandenburg, 
April 23. 

The following specimens from West Virginia pertain to this form 
(taken in 1936): Huntington, May 2; Barboursville, October 26; 
Mercers Bottom, October 30 and November 2; and 2,900 feet elevation 
on Flat Top Mountain near Ghent, October 14. 

From Tennessee the following were obtained (taken in 1937 unless 
otherwise noted) : Hickory Withe, April 10 and 16; 3 miles north of 
Tiptonville, October 16; Reelfoot Lake, 2 miles east of Phillippy, Oc- 


23 Melospiza georgiana ericrypta Oberholser, Louisiana Dept. Cons. Bull. 28, 1938, p. 675 
(Fort McMurray, Alberta). 


574 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88 


tober 23; Dover, October 26; 6 miles east of Frankewing, November 
4; Rockwood, March 19, 1885. 


MELOSPIZA MELODIA EUPHONIA Wetmore: Mississippi Song Sparrow 


The abundant song sparrow is found throughout the State, all of a 
long series of specimens obtained belonging to the present form. 
Following are localities at which it was collected: Ohio River, near 
Uniontown, May 5; Canton, October 29 and November 1; Madison- 
ville, October 20 and 21; South Carrollton, October 27; Brandenburg, 
May 2; Roundhill, November 7, 9, and 11; Bardstown, September 21, 
1881 (taken by C. W. Beckham) ; Lexington, November 17, 1898 (taken 
by E. A. Mearns); English, October 12; Bedford, October 13; Bur- 
lington, October 10; Mount Vernon, October 3 and 4; Middlesboro, 
September 28; Cumberland, June 25; and Quincy, July 11 and 12. 


U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1940 


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PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


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SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION 
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Vol. 88 Washington : 1940 No. 3090 


SEVEN NEW SPECIES AND ONE NEW GENUS OF 
HYDROIDS, MOSTLY FROM THE ATLANTIC OCEAN 


By C. McLran Fraser 


Somz time ago the United States National Museum forwarded to 
me for examination a large collection of hydroids taken mostly by the 
United States Bureau of Fisheries from the North American coastal 
area of the Atlantic Ocean. As yet only about one-third of the ma- 
terial has been examined, but this has provided nearly 600 distribu- 
tion records of 127 species. At this stage it would not be expedient 
to assemble and digest these distribution records, but it might be a 
good time to report and describe the new species already observed. 
There are seven of these species, one of them apparently belonging 
to a new genus, and a gonosome of a species in which the trophosome 
has already been described. All but one of these were obtained 
from the Atlantic. The exception, Diphasia crassa, appeared in 
dredged material obtained on the west coast of Chile, a short dis- 
tance north of the western entrance to the Strait of Magellan. 

I wish here to express my appreciation of the courtesy shown by 
the United States National Museum in providing the opportunity 
to examine this interesting material. I am indebted, as well, to Miss 
Ursula Dale, assistant in the department of zoology in the Univer- 
sity of British Columbia, for drawing the figures. 


Genus EUDENDRIUM Ehrenberg 
EUDENDRIUM RUGOSUM, new species 
PLATE 32, Ficure 1 


Trophosome.—Colonies growing in close clusters, reaching a height 
of 15 mm.; stems simple, not annulated, but decidedly wrinkled. 


575 
214225—40 


576 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vob, 88 


throughout, as are also the branches and pedicels. Branches leave 
the stem at an acute angle and pass upward in the same general 
direction as the stem; pedicels for the hydranths forming an acute 
angle with the branches. 

Gonosome.—Male gonophores borne on pedicels arising from the 
main stem or the branches in a whorl, around the base of an aborted 
hydranth; 3-chambered. Female gonosome not observed. 

Type.—U.S.N.M. No. 43433. Taken by the United States Fisheries 
steamer Albatross southeast of Newfoundland, latitude 46°53’ N., 

_ longitude 44°39’30’" W., 76 fathoms, August 11, 1886. 


Genus CAMPANULARIA Lamarck 
?7 CAMPANULARIA ABYSSA, new species 
PLATE 32, FIGURE 2 


Trophosome.—Colony 2 cm. high; stem simple, slender, not exten- 
sively branched, usually one branch from a node, but sometimes 
two opposite branches, making a wide angle with the stem; hydro- 
thecae regularly alternate, with pedicels much the same length as 
the hydrothecae; pedicel tapering into base of hydrotheca, and the 
hydrotheca increasing in diameter very gradually to the margin, so 
that the hydrotheca is not far from being tubular; margin entire, 
sometimes duplicated; diaphragm delicate, much like that in Licto- 
rella. 

The whole colony is almost free of annulations; occasionally there 
is one near the proximal end of the branch and one or two through- 
out its length, always appearing singly. 

Gonosome.—Unknown. 

Type—vU.S.N.M. No. 43434. Taken by the United States Fish- 
eries steamer Albatross southeast of Cape Cod, latitude 39°22’50’’ 
N., longitude 68°25’ W., 1,608 fathoms, July 19, 1883. 

This species can be put in this genus only provisionally, since no 
gonosome was present in the material. It is doubtful even whether 
it should be placed in the Campanularidae, since the diaphragm is 
not typically campanularian. 


Genus GONOTHYRAEA Allman 
GONOTHYRAEA INTEGRA, new species 
PLATE 32, FIGURE 3 


Trophosome.—Colonies minute, less than 8 mm. in length, un- 
branched, with one branch, or with very few branches; stem slender, 
slightly geniculate, annulated at the base and above each node; 
hydrothecae regularly alternate from pedicels that are annulated 
at both ends, leaving only a small part free of annulations; hydro- 
thecae broadly campanulate, almost or quite as deep as wide; mar- 
gin entire. 


NEW HYDROIDS—FRASER 517 


Gonosome.—Gonangium oval or obovate, supported on short, an- 
nulated pedicels, growing from the axils of the hydrothecal pedi- 
cels. 

Type—U.S.N.M. No. 48435. Taken by the United States Fish- 
eries steamer Fish Hawk, 114, miles from North Light, Block Island, 
east of Long Island, N. Y., on Sargassum dredged in 13 fathoms, 
August 24, 1880. 

This species was associated with Gemmaria costata, Clytia cylin- 
drica, Halecitum bermudense, and Aglaophenia minuta, all, at times, 
Gulf weed species. The Sargasswm must have drifted north in the 
Gulf Stream and then been sidetracked to sink in this location. 


Genus EGMUNDELLA Stechow 
EGMUNDELLA FASCICULATA, new species 
PLATE 82, FIGguRE 4 


Trophosome.—Colonies strongly fascicled in the basal portion, 
reaching a height of 35 mm.; the terminal portion of the main stem 
and of the branches simple; the simple portion may be short or 
rather long, supporting several hydrothecae; stems, branches, and 
pedicels smooth, or at the most slightly wavy, no distinct annula- 
tions; the pedicels growing from the fascicled portion of the stem 
are commonly longer than those from the simple stem or portion 
of branch. 

Hydrotheca broadening gradually and slightly toward the distal 
end; operculum of rather few segments, 8 or at most 10. 

On the fascicled portion of the stem and on the pedicels arising 
from that portion, there are numerous large nematophores, singly 
or in groups of two or three; none was observed on the simple por- 
tion of the stem or branches. 

Gonosome.—Unknown. 

Type.—U.S.N.M. No. 43486. Taken by the United States Fish- 
eries steamer Fish Hawk off Marthas Vineyard, latitude 40°03’ N., lon- 
gitude 70°31’ W., 100 fathoms, August 31, 1881. 

Genus STEGOPOMA Levinsen 
STEGOPOMA FASTIGIATA (Alder) 
PLATE 33, FIGURE 5 
Calycella fastigiata Auprr, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. 3, p. 73, 1860. 

Trophosome.—Individual hydrothecae growing at irregular inter- 
vals from a smooth, slender stolon, definitely pedicellate, straight, 
almost tubular, but rather rapidly tapering to the pedicels; oper- 
culum consisting of the regular two membranes meeting along a 
ridge, with the walls of the hydrotheca produced to form a gable 
to support the operculum. 


578 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vob, 88 


Gonosome (not previously described).—Gonangium arising from 
the stolon with a pedicel similar to that of the hydrotheca, similar 
in shape but much larger and somewhat curved; distal end obliquely 
truncate, narrowed but slightly: sporosacs few, similar in appear- 
ance to those in the genus Gonothyraea. 

Type—vU. S. N. M. No. 43487. Taken by the United States Fish- 
eries steamer /%sh Hawk off Marthas Vineyard, latitude 40°03’ N., 
longitude 70°31’ W., growing over a Haleciwm in 100 fathoms, Au- 
gust 23, 1881. 


Genus HALECIUM Oken 


HALECIUM DIMINUTIVUM, new species 


é 
PLATE 33, FIGURE 6 


Trophosome.—Colony minute from a creeping stolon, with no 
continuous main stem; a simple pedicel grows from the stolon, giv- 
ing rise to a flaring hydrophore, terminally; in some cases, just 
below the hydrophore, a second pedicel may be given off, turning 
upward abruptly at the base; in one instance this is repeated so 
that there are three hydrophores in the colony; this colony had a 
total length of 12mm. The stolon is not annulated, but the pedicels 
are decidedly so; the interspace extends outward to a decided ridge 
so that the surface of the pedicel is much more irregular than in 
ordinary annulated pedicels or stems. 

Gonosome.—Unknown. 

Type.—vU.S.N.M. No. 43438. Taken by the United States Bureau 
of Fisheries on Nantucket shoals, on Sertularella, depth not given. 


EUPERISIPHONIA, new genus 


Trophosome.—Colony with a stout, rigid stem and somewhat 
slenderer, but still rigid, branches. Stem and branches fascicled, the 
fascicle consisting of an axial tube, bearing hydrothecae, and sev- 
eral peripheral tubes that are nonthecate. The hydrothecae are reg- 
ularly alternate, loosely adherent for a portion of their length. On 
the main portion of the axial tube there are no nematophores, but 
one is present at the base of each hydrotheca. The peripheral tubes 
are provided with numerous long, slender nematophores. 

The trophosome of this species resembles that of Perisiphonia but 
differs from it in having adherent hydrothecae and nematophores 
at the base of the hydrothecae. 

Gonosome.—Unknown. 

Genotype.—l. rigida, new species. 


NEW HYDROIDS—FRASER 579 


EUPERISIPHONIA RIGIDA, new species 
PLATE 33, FIGURE 7 


Trophosome.—Colony consisting of a straight, rigid, fascicled 
stem (largest fragment 3.5 cm.) and stiff, straight branches given 
off in subopposite pairs, almost at right angles to the stem. The 
axial tube is slender, with hydrothecae arranged in regular alter- 
nation. Hydrotheca on a short pedicel, tubular, with a sharp curve, 
so that the distal portion is almost at right angles to the proximal 
portion, with a distinct perisarcal thickening in the concavity; the 
basal portion, at least one-half, is adherent to the stem, from which 
it is readily separated by immersion in hot, weak potash solution. 
There may be one or two reduplications of the margin, which is 
entire. There is a nematophore on each pedicel, near the base of 
the hydrotheca. 

The peripheral tubes are more numerous in the proximal portion 
of both stem and branches, but they do not disappear entirely even 
at the tips of the branches; they bear no hydrothecae, but the long, 
slender nematophores are numerous. 

Gonosome.—Unknown. 

Type—U.S.N.M. No. 43489. Taken by the United States Fish- 
eries steamer Albatross in Yucatan channel, latitude 20°59’30” N., 
longitude 86°23’45’" W., 130 fathoms, January 22, 1885. 


Genus DIPHASIA Agassiz 
? DIPHASIA CRASSA, new species 
PLATE 33, FicuRrE 8 


Trophosome.—Stem heavy and coarse, rigid, and straight, divided 
into regular internodes by transverse nodes; each internode with a 
proximal pair of opposite hydrothecae, then an opposite pair of 
branches, followed by two opposite pairs of hydrothecae. Branches 
given off in opposite pairs from the stem are slenderer than the stem 
but still stiff and rigid; constrictions between the pairs of hydro- 
thecae form rather indefinite nodes. Hydrothecae opposite, although 
there may be a single one at the proximal end of the branch, cylin- 
drical, curved slightly outward, adnate for the greater part of their 
length; margin entire or very slightly sinuous, sometimes with re- 
duplications; operculum delicate, of one adculine flap. 

Gonosome—Unknown. 

Type—U.S.N.M. No. 43440. Taken by the United States Fish- 
eries steamer Albatross, southwest coast of Chile, latitude 51°12’ S., 
longitude 74°13’30’7 W., 258 fathoms, February 6, 1888. 


bo 


EXPLANATION OF PLATES 
(All figures magnified approximately 20 diameters) 


PLATE 32 


. Eudendrium rugosum: Portion of colony showing the wrinkled perisare and 


the male gonophores. 


. Campanularia abyssa: a, Portion of colony showing nature and arrange- 


ment of the hydrothecae; b, portion of colony showing branching. 


. Gonothyraea integra: Portion of colony showing hydrothecae and gono- 


phores. 


. Egmundella fasciculata: a, Portion of fascicled stem showing position of the 


nematophores; b, portion of simple stem without nematophores. 


PLATE 33 


. Stegopoma fastigiata: a, Portion of colony showing hydrotheca and gono- 


phore; 0, another view of the hydrotheca. 


. Halecium diminutivum: a, Portion of stolon with single hydrophores and one 


colony with two hydrophores; 6, a colony with three hydrophores. 


. Euperisiphonia rigida: a, Portion of colony showing fascicled stem and 


branches; b, portion of the axial tube bearing hydrothecae; c, portion of 
the axial tube with the hydrothecae separated from the wall of the tube. 


. Diphasia crassa: a, Portion of main stem showing the proximal part of 


the opposite branches; 0, portion of branch showing arrangement of the 
hydrothecae. 


580 


‘). S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1940 


PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 88 PLATE 32 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


NEw ATLANTIC HYDROIDS. 


FOR EXPLANATION SEE PAGE 580. 


PLATE 33 


PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 88 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


NEW HYDROIDS. 


CHR CYWDI ANIATIONA Cee PACE Ren 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


issued 


Dt ge 
tit ~ 
aE TROT 

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ennnees® 


SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION 
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Vol. 88 Washington : 1940 No. 3091 


A PREHISTORIC ROULETTE FROM WYANDOTTE COUNTY, 
KANSAS 


By Watpo R. WepEL and Harry M. TrowsripGe 


In the American Anthropologist for 1892, in two papers under the 
title “Studies in Aboriginal Decorative Art,’ Dr. W. H. Holmes 
discussed the use of the stamp or figured paddle by native potters of 
the Eastern United States. The second of these articles, devoted to 
“the rocking stamp or roulette,’ pointed out the logical relationship 
evidenced in decorative techniques between certain simple stamped 
wares of the Ohio-Ilinois-Indiana area and a rouletted or rocked 
stamp ware (since termed Hopewell or Hopewellian) more widely 
distributed in the upper Mississippi Basin. Holmes indicated the 
relative ease with which straight wooden (?) stamps or dies with 
carved ends, such as those suggested by sherds ‘‘coming from the 
vicinity of Naples, Scott county, Illinois,’ could have developed into 
handled forms with curved edge or face, and these in turn into a 
wheellike type of implement. By mounting a notched cardboard 
disk on a penholder, and inking the edge of the disk, he produced 
broken-line designs closely resembling the impressions characteristic 
of his rouletted pottery ware (1892b, pl. 2, fig. 1; 1903, fig. 72). His 
observations ended on the somewhat pessimistic note (1892b, p. 152) 
that— 

It is not to be expected that examples of these notched decorating tools will 
ever be recovered. Their burial with the dead would at best be of rare occurrence; 
besides, they were probably of wood and thus subject to rapid decay unless buried 
with copper or imbedded in some form of preservative salts. The exact form of 
the tool as a whole cannot be fully determined, but there need be no question 


as to its general character and the methods of its use. 


224250—40) 581 


582 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88 


Despite the accumulating wealth of archeological materials in 
subsequent years, there has been a notable absence of recorded arti- 
facts that could with certainty be regarded as tools for producing 
indented pottery decoration. A brief search of the literature suggests 
a tacit assumption by some archeologists that a notched wheellike 
object was used, as when they speak of “‘roulette’’ impressions (e. g., 
McKern, 1931; Setzler, 1933; Cole and Deuel, 1937). Others, per- 
haps with less faith in Holmes’ experiments, have preferred a less 
committal term such as ‘‘curved dentate stamp,” ‘notched rocker,”’ 
etc. Willoughby (1922, p. 92), describing pottery from the Turner 
mound group, speaks of ‘‘zigzag patterns which were not made with 
a roulette, as suggested by Holmes, but with a tool more or less gouge- 
shaped, having a plain or notched edge, which was pressed against the 
soft clay with a rocking motion, each opposite corner being raised 
and slightly advanced alternately, the tool not being wholly lifted 
from the vessel.” 

All these various terms and interpretations suggest devices by 
which clay vessels could have been ornamented, but so far as we are 
aware none rests on incontrovertible archeological evidence derived 
from the finding of the envisioned implements. More recently it has 
been demonstrated in the laboratory that certain pottery markings 
found at Marksville, La., in all probability represent impressions from 
the edge of a bivalve marine mollusk of the scallop or pecten family 
(Setzler, 1934, fig. 44, middle row; and unpublished notes). Fewkes 
(1937, p. 148) has described a flat elliptical end-notched stone object 
from Minnesota ‘that is unquestionably a stone stamp used for 
imprinting the roulette design on unfired clay.’”’ The same writer, 
scouting Holmes’ theory of a roulette because of lack of supporting 
evidence, offers no alternative explanation for the even continuous 
lines of indented impressions that sometimes encircle, or partially 
cover the decorated surfaces of, vessels from the Hopewellian area. 

In 1939 the junior writer was engaged in excavations at a small pre- 
historic village site about a mile south of the Missouri River near 
Bethel, Wyandotte County, Kans. Occupational debris, including 
sherds of varying types, worked and unworked flints, bone artifacts, 
limestone fragments, broken animal bones, charcoal, and burnt clay, 
occurs here in a dark horizon about 18 inches thick and in circular 
pits, overlain by about 22 inches of culturally barren colluvial soils. 
Up to the present time digging has been confined to the gullied margin 
of the site overlooking a small unnamed creek. Owing to the thickness 
of overburden, modern cultivation has not as yet disturbed the greater 
portion of the site along the creek bank. In most particulars the 
remains so far found appear to parallel others recovered by the United 
States National Museum in 1937 at the Renner site 5 or 6 miles to 


A PREHISTORIC ROULETTE—WEDEL AND TROWBRIDGE 583 


the northeast in Platte County, Mo. (Wedel, 1938). Tentatively, 
both sites have been assigned to a western Hopewellian manifestation. 

On June 11, 1939, a small object at first believed to be made of bone 
was uncovered near the southern border of the site. It was 14 inches 
below the top of the cultural horizon, at a depth below the present 
surface of 26 inches. Unassociated with any feature indicative of its 
use, it had apparently been discarded by its aboriginal owner because of 
breakage. On January 15, 1940, it was forwarded to the National 
Museum for examination by the senior writer. 


Ficure 49.—End and side views of roulette (X 1). 


The material of which the specimen was fashioned, though super- 
ficially much altered in the process of dressing and finishing, 1s tenta- 
tively identified by the division of mammals, United States National 
Museum, as deerhorn from a “spike” buck. The base of the horn has 
been ground off about the edges, where the “burr” normally occurs, 
and is convex in profile. Above this base the specimen contracts 
rapidly in size, tapering out to a round stem carved from the shaft of 
the horn, and broken at the end. Its general appearance thus is 
much like the head and upper end of an ordinary straight pin. The 
head of the ‘‘pin”’ is slightly elliptical (fig. 49, @) and measures 22 by 24 
mm. The periphery, thin and sharpish (fig. 49, 9), has 19 small 
V-shaped notches, which are unequally spaced. At the broken end 
the stem is 6 mm. in diameter. The overall length, which offers no 
clue to the original length, is now about 35 mm. As is shown in figure 
49, b, the stem is not in the center of the head, nor does it rise at a mght 
angle with the plane of the notched edge. This placement, im all 
probability dictated by the natural conformation of the raw material, 
is most advantageous for the use to which the object, in our opinion, 
was put. All the surfaces have been smoothed, and the notched edge 
appears to be well worn. 

When the implement, held lightly between thumb and index finger, 
is rolled in plastic clay it leaves a curved V-shaped line interrupted by 
low transverse ridges 1% to 3 mm. apart. With very little effort 
a symmetrical curve 25-35 mm. long can be made; longer lines up to 50 
or 55 mm. are probably possible, but when made by inexperienced 
hands these tend to lose their uniformly even curve. At the end of a 


584 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 88 


line, if the object be rolled back at a slightly different angle but without 
lifting it from the clay, a second line of indentations results. This 
procedure, repeated indefinitely, produces a band of “dentate rocker” 
impressions that duplicate in every essential the markings on sherds 
actually found at the Trowbridge site (ef. figs. 50, d; and cOee Be 
In the sherd illustrated (fig. 50, 6) the markings made by the native 
potter differ from those produced on plasticine in the laboratory (fig. 
50, a) in being more closely spaced and somewhat deeper. The greater 
depth is probably due to the use of a sharper or less worn tool. 


Ficure 50.—Impressions produced on plastic clay (a) by roulette, compared with rouletted 
sherd (6) from Trowbridge site, Wyandotte County, Kans. 


From our experiments and field observations, we are led to believe 
that this type of tool, with certain easily made variants, was in general 
use among the potters of the Trowbridge, Renner, and culturally re- 
lated sites of the Kansas City area. The off-center and oblique 
placement of the handle, together with a slightly elongate wheel, forms 
an ideal combination for making curved rocker impressions. Smooth 
or edentate rocker marks, which decidedly predominate over the 
dentate style in this locality, could have been produced with an iden- 
tical implement from which the rim notches had been omitted. 
Owing to the eccentric placement of the handle, a continuous indented 
line tends to be wavy and undulating, though an experienced operator 
would probably have better success than we. But this difficulty could 
be easily remedied: a centrally placed handle at right angles to the 
plane of the working edge would permit the easy production of straight 
lines of any desired length. Given the essential idea, as in the present 
specimen, it is within the bounds of reason and probability that the 
variants, though not yet recognized in the local archeology, were 
known and used in aboriginal times. 


A PREHISTORIC ROULETTE—WEDEL AND TROWBRIDGE 585 


While we incline to the view that this interpretation of certain 
characteristic decorative techniques in the Kansas City locale may be 
applicable over a very much wider area in the Mississippi-Ohio region, 
there is no attempt to assert here that all pottery showing indentations 
or rocker marks was necessarily worked over with a tool of identical 
type. Simple toothed stamps, both straight and curved, were used to 
a limited extent at the Renner and Trowbridge sites for roughening 
portions of the vessel surfaces, and compound stamp impressions occur 
on sherds from neighboring sites. It is possible that still other types 
of implements with curved edges such as the shells already mentioned 
served occasionally to produce rocker impressions. Forms without 
side handles, however, must have been much more awkward to use or 
would at any rate seem to involve more tiring movements of the wrist 
and hand. The roulette from the Trowbridge site, requiring little 
more than a simple rolling motion of the fingers, operates with an ease 
and effectiveness that would seem difficult or impossible to equal with 
flat end-notched objects, sticks, gougelike forms, or shells unless they 
were In some way provided with a handle. We concur in Holmes’ 
observation (1892b, p. 150) that— 

Mounting upon a handle is essential to the free and proper use of this tool [i. e. 
the curved-edge stamp]. The step from the use of the curved edge to the employ- 
ment of a wheel is a slight one, although the advantage gained is very great. 
Mounted upon a handle the notched wheel * * * may be revolved at will 
encircling the vessel or giving lines or filling spaces of any length. 

It may be noted that sherds from the Renner and Trowbridge sites, 
where ornamented with vertical rocker marks, characteristically 
appear to have the convex side of the marks to the right as one views 
the upright pot or potsherd. The Trowbridge roulette, however, 
when held in the right hand, produces curves convex to the left. Does 
this mean that the ancient potters here were left-handed? Or, if 
right-handed, did they invert or lay the pots on the side to apply the 
ornamentation? Or, again, did they lean over the upright pot and 
work on the far side? 

It is unfortunate that the handle of this implement is broken off. 
Were the degree of taper manifested by the remaining stub continued 
3 to 5 em. farther, one would suspect that the tip could have been 
used in making the punched bosses frequently found on local rim 
sherds (Wedel, 1938, pl. 3, F—I). 

In our opinion, this specimen fully vindicates Holmes’ theory that 
a type of roulette was part of the material equipment of the native 
potters who produced the “rouletted”’ wares of the upper Mississippi 
Basin. It is immaterial that the technique often used was rocking 
or partial rolling, since this can be done quite as effectively and 
easily—perhaps more so—with a notched disk as with any other 
primitive tool. As for the long indented lines sometimes found on 


586 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 88 


pottery of the region (Wedel, 1938, pl. 7A; Holmes, 1892b, pl. 2, fig. 2), 
these must often have been produced by a continuously rolled wheel 
rather than by the repeated application of a straight stamp. The 
apparent absence of roulettes from most archeological sites may 
indeed be due, as Holmes suggested, to the fact that they were custo- 
marily made of wood or other perishable substance. Alternatively, 
it may reflect only the relatively small amount of excavation per- 
formed at village sites whose inhabitants, to judge from the decora- 
tive techniques shown by their pottery remains, might be suspected 
of having possessed such tools. A careful reexamination of extant 
collections might bring to light specimens similar to that described 
herein that are now otherwise classified as ornaments or problematical 
forms. In any event, whatever the eventual distribution of wheellike 
specimens of this nature proves to be, and granting the probability 
that simpler noncircular rockers and curved-edge stamps existed, we 
submit that the Trowbridge find substantiates (cf. Fewkes, op. cit.) 
“ “rouletting’ on the principle of wheel-rolling, as originally deduced 
by Holmes * * * in aboriginal American ceramics.” 


LITERATURE CITED 


Coie, Fay-Coorsmr, and DrEUEL, THORNE. 
1937. Rediscovering Illinois, 295 pp., 37 figs., 36 pls. University of Chicago 
Publication in Anthropology: Archaeological Series. 
FEWwKES, VLADIMIR J. 
1937. Aboriginal potsherds from Red River, Manitoba. Amer. Antiquity, 
vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 143-155. 
Houtmes, WILuiAM HENRY. 
1892a. Studies in aboriginal decorative art, I. Amer. Anthrop., old ser., 
vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 67—72, 1 fig., 2 pls. 
1892b. Studies in aboriginal decorative art, II. Jbid., No. 2, pp. 149-152, 2 pls. 
1903. Aboriginal pottery of the Eastern United States. 20th Ann. Rept. 
Bur. Amer. Ethnol., pp. 1-237, 79 figs., 177 pls. 
McKeEnrv, W. C. 
1931. A Wisconsin variant of the Hopewell culture. Bull. Public Mus. 
City of Milwaukee, vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 185-328, 14 figs., 30 pls., 
2 maps. 
SETZLER, FRANK M. 
1933. Pottery of the Hopewell type from Louisiana. Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 
vol. 82, art. 22, 21 pp., 6 figs., 7 pls. 
1934. A phase of Hopewell mound builders in Louisiana. Explorations and 
Field-Work of the Smithsonian Institution in 1933, pp. 38-40, 4 figs. 
WEDEL, WaLpo R. 
1938. Hopewellian remains near Kansas City, Missouri. Proc. U. S. Nat. 
Mus., vol. 86, pp. 99-106, 6 pls. 
WILLOUGHBY, CHARLES C. 
1922. The Turner group of earthworks, Hamilton County, Ohio. Papers 
Peabody Mus. Amer. Arch. and Ethnol., Harvard Univ., vol. 8, 
No. 3, 132 pp., 47 figs., 27 pls. 


U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1940 


INDEX 


(New genera, species, etc., are printed in italics) 


abdominalis var. a, Exetastes, 364. 
abyssa, ? Campanularia, 576, 580. 
Acanthacorydalis, 179. 

kolbei, 180. 

orientalis, 180. 

Acanthapogon, 413. 

vanderbiliti, 413. 
Acanthocolpidae, 49. 

Acanthocottus aeneus, 65, 68. 

octodecimspinosus, 48, 64, 68, 88. 
Accacladium, 147. 

serpentulus, 147. 
Accacladocoelium, 146. 

macrocotyle, 146. 

Accacoeliidae, 145. 
Accacoelium, 145. 

eontortum, 145, 

Accipiter striatus velox, 534. 
Accipitridae, 534. 

Achirus fasciatus, 68, 88. 

achrusterus, Turdus migratorius, 551. 
Acipenser fulvescens, 480. 

sturio, 50. 
acolhua, Pheidole vasliti var., 445. 
Acrobasis sp., 334, 353. 

Acroneuria, 174, 175. 
grahami, 175. 
yiui, 175. 

Acropoma, 404, 408. 

japonicum, 408, 414, 415 (fig.). 

philippinense, 419. 

Actitis macularia, 536. 

Adenapogon, 408. 

(Secopelapogon) woodi, 408. 
Adoneta spinuloides, 282, 352. 
adscendens, Hucharis, 425. 
adspersus, Tautogolabrus, 76, 88, 120, 

138, 155. 

adsperus, Ctenolabrus, 482. 

aenea, Orasema, 437, 443. 

aeneus, Acanthocottus, 65, 68. 

aequalis, Glossosoma, 202. 

aequalis, Nothochrysa, 187. 

aestiva, Dendroica aestiva, 557. 

aestivalis, Pomolobus, 120. 

affine, Octoplectanum, 13. 

affinis, Brachyphallus, 125. 

Chilodipterus, 418, 418. 

Diclidophora, 13. 

Leucopsis, 270, 271 (fig). 
agassizi, Dionchus, 4. 

Agelaius phoeniceus phoeniceus, 563. 

aggregatus, Cymatogaster, 489, 491. 

Aglaophenia minuta, 577. 


440140—42——_1 


Aimophila aestivalis bachmani, 570. 

aestivalis illinoensis, 570. 
ainslieli, Pyrausta, 357. 
alamedensis, Cryptohelcostizus, 357, 358. 

Cryptus, 357. 

Alaudidae, 543. 
Albatrossia pectoralis, 13. 
albicollis, Zonotrichia, 572. 
albifrons, Chalcis, 339. 

Smicra, 339, 340. 

Spilochalcis, 328, 339, 352, 353, 354. 
albilora, Dendroica dominica, 558. 
albomarginata, Amia, 412. 
albopunctatus, Halesinus, 218, 219. 
Alcedinidae, 538. 
alcyon, Megaceryle alecyon, 538. 
alethes, Chrysopa, 188, 191. 
aliciae, Hylocichla minima, 552. 
alienus, Huroleon, 195. 

Allemerobius, 182, 183. 

flaveolus, 184. 
alletteratus, Euthynnus, 130. 
Allocreadiidae, 62. 

Aljloereadiinae, 62. 
almae, Hylocichla ustulata, 551. 
alnifolius, Cereocarpus, 389. 
Alosa sapidissima, 76. 
alosae, Argulus, 475, 481 (fig.). 
alticola, Himalopsyche, 200. 
alticola, Vireo solitarius, 555. 
alutus, Apogon, 411. 
ambloplites, Proteocephalus, 158. 
Ambloplites rupestris, 508. 
Ameiurus natalis, 486, 508. 
nebulosus, 486, 508, 514. 
sp., 486. 
Amelanchier, 373. 

florida, 389. 
americana, Certhia familiaris, 548. 

Fulica americana, 535, 

Morone, 11, 55, 62, 68, 88, 89, 97, 126. 

Prunus, 393. 

Spiza, 566. 
americanus, Ammodytes, 55, 68, 76, 85, 

126, 168. 
Anthocotyle merluccii, 14. 
Argulus, 468, 469, 478, 504 (fig.), 
507, 508, 509. 

Coceyzus americanus, 537. 

Hemitripterus, 55, 65, 68, 126, 138. 

Homarus, 38. 

Istiophorus, 8. 

Menticirrhus, 137. 

Pleorchis, 162. 

Pseudopleuronectes, 40, 64, 65, 76, 

88, 97, 120, 493, 496, 500. 


587 


588 


Amia, 409, 410. 
albomarginata, 412. 
angustata, 411. 
atrogaster, 412. 
calva, 486, 505. 
compressa, 411. 
diencaea, 411. 
diversa, 412. 
doryssa, 411. 
exostigma, 411. 
gilberti, 411. 
grossidens, 414. 
(Amioides) grossidens, 416, 419. 
guadalupensis, 412. 
hyalina, 412. 
jenkinsi, 411. 
kalosoma, 410. 
moluccensis, 409. 
nigrocineta, 412. 
parvula, 410, 412. 
percaeformis, 410. 
retrosella, 411. 
robusta, 411. 
striata, 412. 
uninotata, 412. 
versicolor, 408. 
Amioides, 416. 
Ammodramus 
570. 
savannarum bimaculatus, 570. 
Ammodytes americanus, 55, 68, 76, 85, 
126, 168. 
amoena, Chalcis, 260, 261. 
Metadontia, 261, 277 
(fig.), 352. 
Smicra, 261. 
Amphibdella, 4. 
flavolineata, 4. 
Amphipsyche, 207. 
proluta, 207. 
Amphotistius say, 497. 
amplus, Pseudostenophylax, 213, 214. 
Anabolia, 210. 
anale, Glossosoma, 202, 208. 
anatifera, Lepas, 225, 226 (fig.), 230. 
anatum, Falco peregrinus, 534. 
Anchovyiella epsetus, 120. 
aneylae, Spilochalcis torvina, 339, 352. 
Ancylis comptana, 334, 338, 340, 341, 
353. 


savannarum australis, 


(fig.), 329 


Givisana, 338, 340, 353. 
Anecyrocephalus, 3. 
parvus, 3. 
Anecystrocephalus microcephalus, 147. 
Angitia hellulae, 388, 354. 
plutellae, 338, 354. 
Anguilla rostrata, 50, 68, 126, 137, 138, 
496. 
angustata, Amia, 411. 
Ankylopteryx, 175, 187. 
8-punctata, 187. 
Annandalla, 182. 
annectens, Neoscombrops, 
(fig.), 422, 
annularis, Promoxis, 514. 


403, 418 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL 


MUSEUM. VOL. 88 


anomala, Himalopsyche 
nes), 201. 
anomalus, Apogonops, 423. 
antennata, Schizaspidia, 432, 433. 
antennatus, Psilogaster, 427. 
Anthocotyle, 14. 
merluccii americanus, 14. 
Anthonoimus grandis, 355, 354. 
Anthus spinoletta rubescens, 553. 
Antrostomus carolinensis, 537. 
vociferus vociferus, 537. 
apaiis, Spilochaicis, 270, 271 (fig.), 308, 
315, 316. 
Apanteles, 344. 
atalantae, 340, 354. 
congregatus, 340, 354. 
delicatus, 348, 354. 
griffini, 340, 354. 
lacteicolor, 340, 354. 
marginiventris, 297, 320, 354. 
militaris, 338, 340, 354. 
sp., 297, 348, 354. 
Apatania, 210. 
Aphidiidae, 524. 
Aplodinotus grunniens, 21, 24. 
apoderi, Brachyscleroma, 370, 371 (fig.). 
Apoderus quadripunctatus, 372. 
Apogon, 404, 409, 411, 414, 415 (fig.). 
aiutus, 411. 
aprion, 410. 
atricaudus, 411. 
auritus, 450. 
bleekeri, 412. 
erythrinus, 411. 
evermanni, 411. 
fraenatus, 410. 
graefii, 410. 
hyalosoma var. torresiensis, 410. 
menesemus, 411. 
nematoptera, 410. 
pandionis, 409. 
polystigma, 422. 
roseigaster, 408. 
ruber, 409. 
sellicauda, 411. 
snyderi, 411. 
unicolor, 411. 
Apogonichthys, 410. 
gracilis, 410. 
mentalis, 411. 
nofse, 411. 
perdix, 410. 
stellatus, 410. 
waikiki, 411. 
Apogonoides, 409. 
macassariensis, 409. 
Apogonops, 407, 414, 415 (fig.), 423. 
anomalus, 428. 
Aponurus, 136. 
laguneula, 186. 
sp., 186. 
Apotemnus, 359. 
truncatus, 860, 361 (fig.). 
appendiculatus, Distomum, 119. 
Hemiurus, 100, 119, 124. 


(Himalopha- 


INDEX 


589 


appendiculosus, Argulus, 467, 479, 512,| Argulus varians, 460, 468, 492. 


513 (fig.). 
aprion, Apogon, 410. 
arcana, Smicra, 3138. 
Spilochaleis, 266, 267 
313. 
Archamia, 405, 412. 
lineolata, 412. 
Archilochus colupris, 588. 
Archosargus unimaculatus, 518. 
Arctopsyche, 174, 209. 
lobata, 209. 
arcuatum, Gasterostomum, 25. 
Ardea herodias herodias, 533. 
herodias wardi, 582. 
Ardeidae, 532. 
arenacea, Spizella pusilla, 571. 
areolatum, Distomum, 88. 
Arge, 264. 
argeneus, Hyperprosopon, 489. 
Argulidae, 459, 475. 
Argulus, 475. 
alosae, 475, 481 (fig.). 
americanus, 468, 469, 478, 504 (fig.), 
507, 508, 509. 
appendiculosus, 467, 479, 512, 518 
(fig.). 
bicolor, 476, 517 (fig.). 
biramosus, 467, 512, 514. 
borealis, 476, 490, 491 (fig.). 
canadensis, 467, 479, 480. 
eatostomi, 468, 478, 511 (fig.). 
flavescens, 468, 475, 484, 485 (fig.). 
floridensis, 460, 467, 476, 489 (fig.). 
foliaceus, 468, 469. 
funduli, 468, 477, 498, 499 (fig.). 
fuscus, 476, 518, 519 (fig.). 
indicus, 475, 483 (fig.). 
ingens, 460, 467, 515. 
japonicus, 460, 462 (fig.), 468, 469, 
477, 485, 494 (fig.), 498, 502. 
laticauda, 477, 495, 486 (fig.). 
latus, 468, 498, 499, 500. 
lepidostei, 479, 514 (fig.). 
maculosus, 466, 468, 478, 505, 597, 
508 (fig.). 
megalops, 468, 469, 476, 492, 
(fig.). 
megalops var. spinosus, 468, 492. 
melanostictus, 476, 486 (fig.), 487. 
mississippiensis, 478, 509 (fig.). 
nattereri, 503, 504. 
niger, 467, 487, 489. 
nobilis, 467, 479, 510, 515, 516 (fig.). 
nobilis var. ingens, 515. 
paulensis, 468, 502, 508. 
piperatus, 468, 486. 
pugettensis 462 (fig.), 466, 467, 476, 
477, 487, 488 (fig.), 490. 
reticulatus, 477, 497 (fig.). 
salminei, 468, 478, 502, 503 (fig.). 
siamensis, 475, 482 (fig.). 
stizostethii, 467, 468, 469, 475, 479, 
480 (fig.), 482. 
trilineatus, 468, 494. 


(fig.), 308, 


493 


versicolor, 466, 478, 505, 506 (fig.), 
507, 508. 
violaceus, 477, 500, 501 (fig.). 
viridis, 468. 
argutula, Sturnella magna, 563. 
argyrea, Synagrops, 416, 419, 421. 
Argyresthia thuiella, 338, 353. 
argyreum, Melanostoma, 414, 419. 
argyrospila, Cacoecia, 341, 353. 
arizonae, Spizella passerina, 571. 
armata, Marthamea, 176. 
Arogalea cristifasciella, 340, 353. 
Ascalaphus, 174. 
ashmeadi, Plagiosmicra, 261, 262. 
asio, Otus asio, 537. 
Aspidogastridae, 37. 
Aspro, 412. 
Astenophylax, 211. 
Astrapogon, 410. 
atalantae, Apanteles, 340, 354. 
Ateleuti (sic) elongatus, 372. 
ater, Molothrus ater, 564. 
atherinoides, Hymnodus, 409. 
atkinsi, Sitta carolinensis, 547. 
Atlantie Ocean, hydroids from, 575. 
atomon, Podocotyle, G4. 
Atopognathus, 365. 
collaris, 3865, 366. 
Atopotrophos, 365. 
bucephalus, 866. 
eollaris, 365. 
Atractosteus tristoechus, 517. 
atratus, Coragyps, 533. 
atricaudus, Apogon, 411. 
atrimanus, Parasphyraenops, 414, 423. 
atripes, Dicosmoecus, 211. 
atrocoxalis, Itoplectis, 362. 
Pimpla, 362. 
atrogaster, Amia, 412. 
audax, Jndophanes, 196. 
Myrme!eon, 195. 
audubonii, Dryobates villosus, 540, 541. 
auratus, Carassius, 495. 
Colaptes auratus, 538, 539. 
Mullus, 76. 
aureoviridis, Orasema, 488, 489, 448, 450. 
auricularis, Himalopsyche, 199. 
Rhyacophila, 197. 
auritus, Apogon, 410. 
aurivillii, Lepas fascicularis, 225, 281 
(fig.). 
aurocapillus, Seiurus, 559. 
auropunctata, Wasmannia, 447. 


australis, Ammodramus savannarum, 
570. 
Lepas, 227. 


Auxis rochei, 27, 48, 152. 

Axine; 22. 
gracilis, 

Azygia, 105. 
longa, 105. 

Azygiidae, 105. 

bachmani, Aimophila aestivalis, 570. 


22. 


590 


baculum, Bucephalus, 33. 
Gasterostomum, 33. 
Nannoenterum,, 33. 

badia, Prolimacodes, 290, 352. 

Baeolophus bicolor, 547. 

bairdianus, Sphyraenops, 422. 

Bairdiella chrysura, 97, 519. 

bakeri, Orasema, 439, 452. 

baldwini, Trogiodytes aédon, 548. 

Balistes vetula, 42. 

Balmes, 186. 
terissinus, 186. 

Banks, Nathan, on certain groups of neu- 
ropteroid insects from Szechwan, 
China, 173. 

barbara, Chalcis, 245, 252, 253 (fig.), 
255, 277 (fig.), 279, 329 (fig.), 332, 
333 (fig.), 354. 

Indophanes, 196. 
Smicra, 255. 

barbarus, Myrmeleon, 195. 

Barnacles, pedunculate, from the North 
Pacifie, 225. 

Bathyplectes exigua, 340, 354. 

Bathysphyraenops, 407, 423. 
simplex, 423. 

beameri, Orasema, 438. 439. 447. 

bella, Hypoclydonia, 416, 417, 421. 
Synagrops, 414, 417, 421. 

Benedeniinae, 5. 

beringiana, Lepas pectinata, 230. 

bermudense, Halecium, 577. 

bermudensis, Ophion, 367. 

Betta sp., 483. 

betuloides, Cercocarpus, 389. 

bewickii, Thryomanes bewickii, 549. 

biaculeatus, Gasterosteus, 482. 

Bianium, 108. 
concayum, 102. 
plicitum, 102. 

bicolor, Argulus, 476, 517 (fig.). 
Baeolophus, 547. 

bicostatus, Polycyrtus, 355. 

bicristata, Chrysopa, 188, 192. 

bifoveolata, Togoperla, 176. 

Bigelovia, 442, 454. 

bilinearis, Merluccius, 14, 76, 
138. 

bilineata, Lepidopsetta, 491. 

bimaculata, Smicra, 351. 

bimaculatus, Ammodramus 
narum, 570. 

bioculata, Smicra, 328, 325. 
Spilochalcis, 323. 

bipartita, Wedlia, 153. 

bipartitum, Monostomum, 153. 

biramosus, Argulus, 467, 512, 514. 

Birds, Kentucky, notes on, 529. 

bispinosus, Gladiunculus, 65, 68, 120. 

bispinus, Hemerobius, 186. 

Bittern, American, 583. 

bituminosus, Cryptoideus, 357. 
Eyxetastes, 364. 

Hoploeryptus, 357. 


124, 126, 


Ssavan- 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM 


VOL. 88 


Blackman, M. W., on the scolytid 
beetles of the genus Renocis Casey, 
rae descriptions of nine new species, 

13. 

blanchardi, Kurandapogon, 411, 412. 

bleekeri, Apogon, 412. 

Bluebird, eastern, 552. 

Blue jay, Florida, 545. 


northern, 544. 
Bobwhite, eastern, 535. 
Texas, 535. 


Blackbird, rusty, 564. 
Bombycilla cedrorum, 553. 
Bombycillidae, 553. 
Bonasa umbellus togata, 5385. 
boops, Scomber, 422. 
Scombrops, 414. 
borealis, Argulus, 476, 480, 491 (fig.). 
Buteo jamaicensis, 534. 
Sphyraena, 34, 64, 188. 
boreus, Myiarchus crinitus, 542. 
Boriomyia, 182, 183. 
Botaurus lentiginosus, 533. 
bothryophoron, Distomum, 132, 135. 
bracata, Chalcis, 240, 280, 282. / 
Smiera, 280, 282. 
Spilochalcis, 280. 
braceata, Spilochalcis, 280, 282, 
brachidactyla, Geothlypis trichas, 560. 
brachygrammus, Fowleria, 410. 
Brachymeria, 237. 
Brachyphallus, 125. 
affinis, 125. 
crenatus, 125. 
brachyrhynchos, 
chos, 545. 
Brachyscleroma, 369. 
apoderi, 370, 371 (fig.). 
Braconidae, 297, 320, 338, 340, 348, 351, 
354, 528, 524. 
braziliensis, Renocis, 375, 378, 379 (fig.), 
381 (fig.), 398. 
Brephamia, 410. 
Brephostoma, 408, 423. 
carpenteri, 408, 423. 
brevicauda, Neorhacodes, 525, 526. 
brevis, Pseudostenophylax, 214, 215, 216. 
Brevoortia tyrannus, 120, 168. 
Brinkmannella, 408, 423. 
elongata, 423. 
brittaini, Pseudocryphalus, 374, 394. 
Renocis, 376, 394, 395. 
brodiei, Howella, 422. 
brunneus, Renocis, 376, 377, 379 (fig.), 
381 (fig.), 389. 
Bucculatrix thurberiella, 338, 353. 
bucephalus, Atopotrophos, 366. 
Mesoleptus?, 366. 
Bucephalus baculum, 33. 
bulbalus, Ictiobus, 514. 
bumpusii, Entobdella, 5, 28. 
Hpibdella, 5. 
Bunodera, 104. 
nodulosa, 104. 


Corvus brachyrhyn- 


—————— 


INDEX 591 


Bunoderidae, i0¢. 

Bunting, indigo, 565. 

Burks, B. D., on chaleid-fiies of the tribe 
Chalcidini in America north of Mex- 
ico, 237. 

Buteo jamaicensis borealis, 534. 

lineatus lineatus, 534. 

Butorides virescens virescens, 533. 

eaballus, Paratractus, 53. 

Cacoecia argyrospila, 341, 353. 

caerulea, Polioptila caerulea, 553. 

een Dendroica caerulescens, 

5. 

eairnsi, Dendroica caerulescens, 557. 

Calamoceratidae, 219. 

ealendula, Corthylio calendula, 558. 

ealifornica, Encelia, 383. 

Calliephialtes, 362. 

ferrugineus, 362. 

Callosamia promethea, 306, 352. 

ealva, Amia, 486, 505. 

Calycella fastigiata, 577. 

calyptrocotyle, Distomum, 148, 

cameroni, Orasema, 437, 443. 

Campanularia, 576. 

? Campanularia abyssa, 576, 580. 

eanadensis, Argulus, 467, 479, 480. 

Chaleis, 245, 252, 253 (fig.), 257, 258, 
277 (fig.), 332, 333 (fig.), 354 

Cynoperca, 480. 

Smicra, 258. 

Wilsonia, 561. 

eanaster, Pipilo erythrophthalmus, 566. 

canescens, Idechthis, 368. 

Capella delicata, 536. 

capitatum, Gasterostomum, 27. 

Caprimulgidae, 537. 

Capsala, 9. 

laevis, 10. 
molae, 9. 

Capsalidae, 5. 

Capsalinae, 6. 

carangis, Microcotyle, 18. 

Caranx chrysos, 130. 

hippos, 53. 

Carassius auratus, 495. 

carbonaria, Pheidole, 456. 

Cardinal, eastern, 565. 

cardinalis, Richmondena cardinalis, 565. 

carletoni, Rhyacophila, 197. 

earnea, Chrysopa, 189. 

earolina, Smicra, 280, 282. 

carolinensis, Antrostomus, 537. 

Dumetella, 550. 
Junco hyemalis, 571. 
Pandion haliaetus, 534. 
Penthestes carolinensis, 546. 
Sitta carolinensis, 547. 
Zenaidura macroura, 536. 
earolinus, Centurus, 539. 
Euphagus, 564. 
Merulinus, 65, 68, 76, 138. 
Prionotus, 493. 
carpenteri, Brephostoma, 403, 423. 
carpio, Cyprinus, 512. 


Carpodacus purpureus purpureus, 566. 
Casinaria orgyiae, 348, 354. 
Casmerodius albus egretta, 533. 
castanea, Dendroica, 559. 

Catbird, 550. 

Cathartes aura septentrionalis, 533. 

Cathartidae, 533. 

Catopsilia eubule, 272, 275, 276, 352. 

Ca pees semipalmatus inornatus, 
536. 

eatostomi, Argulus, 468, 478, 511 (fig.). 

Catostomus catostomus, 512. 

commersonii, 512, 514. 
nigricans, 512, 
sp., 513. 

ecaudacutus, Passerherbulus, 570. 

caudatum, Glossosoma, 203. 

cecropia, Samia, 306, 352. 

cecrops, Strymon, 262, 263, 352. 

cedrorum, Bombycilla, 553. 

Centropristes striatus, 133. 

centrourus, Pastinachus, 5. 

Centurus carolinus, 5389. 

Ceophloeus pileatus pileatus, 539. 

cepedianum, Dorosoma, 482, 514. 

Ceratacanthus schoepfi, 57, 91, 92, 107, 
120, 165. 

Ceratocampidae, 307. 

Ceratosmicra, 242, 243, 348. 

debilis, 288, 289 (fig.), 344. 

immaculata, 266, 267 (fig.), 288, 289 
(fig.), 3844, 346, 348, 354. 

lissa, 343. 

meteori, 266, 267 (fig.), 270, 271 
(fig.), 288, 289 (fig.), 829 (fig.), 
344, 346, 354. 

paya, 266, 267 (fig.), 270, 271 (fig.), 
288, 289 (fig.), 344, 348. 

petiolata, 343. 

Cercocarpus, 373. 

alnifolius, 389. 

betuloides, 389. 

ledifolius, 389. 

ceres, Pheidole, 456. 

Certhia familiaris americana, 548. 

Certhiidae, 548. 

cerulea, Dendroica, 558. 

Cestocrinus, 221. 

striatus, 221, 223. 
cestoides, Distomum, 107. 
Otodistomum, 107. 
Chaenobryttus gulosus, 486. 
Chaetophloeus, 375, 379, 381. 
hystrix, 375, 379 (fig.), 381 (fig.). 

Chaetura pelagica, 537. 

Chalcid-flies, revision of the tribe Chal- 
cidini in America north of Mexico, 
237. 

Chalcididae, 241, 

Chaleidinae, 241. 

Chaleidini, 241, 252, 266, 270, 277, 288, 
332. 

Chalcidoidea, 241, 425. 


592 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM 


VOL, 88 


Chaleis, 237, 241, 242, 248, 268, 351, 352. | Chilodipterus, 413. 


albifrons, 339. 

amoena, 260, 261. 

barbara, 245, 252, 253 (fig.), 255, 
277 (fig.), 279, 329 (fig.), 382, 333 
(fig.), 354. 

bracata, 240, 280, 282. 

canadensis, 245, 252, 2538 (fig.), 257, 
958, 277 (fig.), 382, 38383 (fig.), 
354 


debilis, 344. 
diversa, 245, 
divisa, 246, 247 (fig.), 248, 250, 251, 
252, 253 (fig.), 382, 333 (fig.). 
fasciata, 297, 300. 
flavipes, 325. 
flebilis, 245, 252, 253 (fig.), 254, 
277 (fig:), 332, 383 (fg:). 
lanieri, 283. 
lasia, 245, 246, 247 (fig.), 248, 252, 
253 (fig.), 277 (fig.), 332, 333, 
(fig.). 
lasnierii, 283. 
maculata, 280, 282. 
mariae, 303. 
megalomis, 245, 250, 277 (fig.). 
microgaster, 245, 252, 253 (fig.), 259, 
277 (fig.), 279, 329 (fig.), 3382, 
303 (fig.). 
myrifex, 329 (fig.), 351. 
neptis, 245, 251, 252, 253 (fig.), 277 
(fiz.); 332) 333) (fe) 
nigricornis, 279, 282. 
pallipes, 325. 
phoenicapoda, 245, 257. 
punctata, 297, 300. 
rufipes, 257. 
sispes, 238, 289 (fig.), 248, 244. 
Chaleura, 481. 
deprivata, 481. 
Chalepus dorsalis, 325, 354. 
chamaeleonticeps, Lophoiatilus, 124. 
Charadriidae, 536. 
Chat, yellow-breasted, 560. 
Cheilodipterid fishes, two new genera 
and three new species of, 403. 
Cheilodipteridae, 404. 
Cheilodipterops, 405, 418, 416, 418 (fig.). 
isostigma, 413, 418 (fig.). 
Cheilodipterus, 405, 412, 416, 418 (fig.). 
lineatus, 403, 412, 4138, 418. 
macrodon, 412, 418. 
nigrotaeniatus, 408, 414. 
octovittatus, 418. 
quinquelineatus, 403, 416. 
zonatus, 408. 
cheilodipterus, Scombrops, 414, 422. 
Cheumatopsyche, 207. 
chinensis maculipennis, 207. 
sp., 207. 
chiangi, Hemerobius, 184, 186. 
Nogiperla, 177. 
Chickadee, Carolina, 546, 
northern Carolina, 546. 


affinis, 413, 418. 
Chilomycterus spinosus, 495. 
chinensis, Potamyia, 208. 
chinensis, Psilotreta, 219. 
chione, Chrysopa, 188, 189. 
Chlamys plicata, 348, 354. | 
Chlosyne lacinia crocale, 278, 352. | 
Chondestes grammacus grammacus, 
570. 
Choreutis silphiella, 338, 355. 
chrysobothridis, Cryptchelcostizus, 357, 
358. 
Chrysobothris deserti, 359. 

mali, 358. 

sp., 358. 

Chrysomelidae, 323, 336, 348, 354. 
Chrysopa, 174, 187, 188. 

alethes, 188, 191. 

bicristata, 188, 192. 

carnea, 189. 

chione, 188, 189. 

cognata, 18S, 192. 

dasyphlebia, 190. 

fratercula, 189, 199. 

furcifera, 188. 

grahami, 188, 189. 

hoffmanni, 192. 

illota, 188, 191. 

interrupta, 192. 

kiansuensis, 188, 190, 191. 

kreyembergi, 188, 192. 

sinica, 189, 190, 192. 

vittata, 187. 

Chrysopidae, 186. 
Chrysopidia, 187. 
fuscata, 188. 

regulata, 187, 188. 
Chrysoplecta, 187. 
chrysops, Roccus, 514. 

Stenotomus, 20, 76, 85, 120, 135. 
chrysopterus, Orthopristis, 519. 
chrysos, Caranx, 130. 
chrysura, Bairdiella, 97, 519. 
Chuck-will’s-widow, 537. 
chuss, Urophycis, 68, 98, 124, 126, 129. 
cimbrius, Enchelyopus, 93. 
cinerea, Stenopsyche, 206. 
Cintameva, 187. 

perla, 187. 

Cireus cyaneus hudsonius, 534. 

Cirrhina sp., 483. 

Cistothorus (Telmatodytes) 
dissaéptus, 550. 

stellaris, 550. 
citrea, Protonotaria, 556. 
citrina, Wilsonia, 561. 
Claassenia, 174, 175. 

semibrachyptera, 175. 
clavata, Hirudinella, 111. 
Glavatum, Distomum, 110, 111. 
clavatum, Lepidapedon, 91. 
Clinostomidae, 157. 
Clinostomum, 157. 

marginatum, 157. 


palustris 


INDEX 


Clistopyga? lateralis, 363. 

Clodipterus, 413. 

be Spilochalcis, 266, 267 (fig.), 292, 

Clupanodon pseudohispanicus, 142, 

Clupea harengus, 76, 119, 120, 126, 133. 
vernalis, 482. 

clupeiformis, Rhabdamia, 410. 

cluthensis, Steringophorus, 41. 

Clytia cylindrica, 577. 

coaequalis, Smicra bracata, 280, 282. 

coccineum, Tristoma, 8. 

Tristomum, 6. 

ecoceoi, Microichthys, 409. 

Coccyzus americanus americanus, 537. 
erythropthalmus, 537. 

cockerelli, Orasema, 489, 440, 452, 453, 

455. 

Coelogyne sp., 429. 

cognata, Chrysopa, 188, 192. 

cokeri, Heteravine, 24. 

Colaptes auratus auratus, 538, 539. 
auratus luteus, 538. 

Coleophora fletcherella, 338, 840, 353. 
laricella, 838, 340, 353. 
malivorella, 338, 353. 
pruniella, 358, 340, 3583. 
salmani, 338, 340, 358. 

Coleophoridae, 338, 340, 353. 

Coleoptera, 323, 335, 336, 338, 343, 442. 

Colinus virginianus texanus, 535. 
virginianus virginianus, 535. 

collaris, Atopognathus, 365, 366. 
Atopotrophes, 365. 

coloradensis, Orasema, 487, 439, 441. 

colubris, Archilochus, 5388. 

eolumbarius, Falco columbarius, 534. 

ecolumbianum, Scalpellum, 225, 232, 233 

(fig. ). 

Sealpellum (Arcoscalpellum), 232. 

Columbidae, 5386. 

columnata, Hydropsyche, 207. 

commersonii, Catostomus, 512, 514. 
Pledostomus, 501. 

commiatus, Renocis, 376, 377, 379 (fig.), 

3881 (fig.), 392. 

communis, Tetracotyle, 158. 

Compositae, 373. 

compressa, Amia, 411. 

Compsothlypidae, 556. 

Compsothlypis americana pusilla, 557. 
americana romalinae, 557. 

comptana, Ancylis, 334, 338, 340, 341, 

doo: 


coneavum, Bianium, 102. 
confusus, Lecithaster, 152. 
Conger conger, 28, 68, 76. 
congregaius, Apanteles, 340, 354. 
conjungens, Smicra, 240, 286. 
Spilochaleis, 286. 
conspersa, Exema, 336, 354. 
constanciae, Pomatomichthys, 409. 
continentalis, Epicanthaclisis, 194. 
eontortum, Accacoelium, 145. 
Distomum, 145. 


593 


Conura, 263. 
punctata, 297. 
seutellaris, 240. 

Conurae chalcidiformes, 263. 

Conurae smicriformes, 263. 

convergens, Hucharis, 4381. 

Schizaspidia, 431. 

Coot, American, 535. 

Coragyps atratus, 533. 

Coregonus, 480. 

coronata, Dendroica coronata, 557. 

Corthylio calendula calendula, 553. 

Corvidae, 544. 

Corvus brachyrhynchos 
chos, 545. 

brachyrhynchos paulus, 545, 546. 

Corydalinae, 178. 

Corynecrinus, 222. 

Coryphaena equisetis, 141, 168. 

hippurus, 141, 168. 

costalis, Protohermes, 180. 

costata, Gemmaria, 577. 

Covillea, 373. 

gentinosa, 387. 
tridentata, 527. 
Cowania, 373. 
mexicana, 892, 393, 394. 
Cowbird, eastern, 564. 
coxalis, Smicra, 284, 286. 
Spilochaleis, 278, 279, 284, 286. 

Crabro femoratus, 297, 300. 

crassa, Diphasia, 575, 579, 580. 

Creeper, brown, 548. 

Cremastini, 369. 

crenatus, Brachyphallus, 125. 

Hemiurus, 125. 
Crepidostomum, 101. 
faronis, 101. 
laureatum, 101. 

cressoni, Ephialtes, 363. 
Smicra, 348. 

criddlei, Pseudecryphalus, 395. 
Renocis, 376, 377, 395. 

Crinoid genus Cestocrinus, a new fossil 
inadunate, 221. 

cristata, Cyanocitta cristata, 544. 

eristatum, Lecithocladium, 143. 

cristifasciella, Arogalea, 340, 353. 

crocale, Chlosyne lacinia, 278, 352. 

Crossbill, red, 566. 

Crow, eastern, 545. 

southern, 546. 

crucibulum, Prosorhynchus, 28. 

crumenophthalma, Trachurops, 31, 68, 
76, 93, 112, 130, 142. 

Crustacea (parasitic) of genus Argulus 
in United States National Museum, 
459. 

Cryptocotyle, 150. 

lingua, 155 

Cryptohelcostizus, 355, 357, 

alamedensis, 357, 358. 
crysobothridis, 857, 308. 
dichrous 357, 308. 


brachyrhyn- 


594 PROCEEDINGS 


Cryptohelcostizus orndtus, 357, 359. 
rufigaster, 357, 358. 
Cryptoideus bituminosus, 357. 
Cryptus alamedensis, 357. 
crysos, Paratractus, 18. 
Ctenochauliodes, 179, 181. 
friedrichi, 181. 
cetenolabri, Dermoeystis, 155. 
Ctenolabrus adsperus, 482. 
Ctenopelma pulchra, 366. 
Cuckoo, black-billed, 5387. 
yellow-billed, 537. 
Cuculidae, 537. 
Curculionidae, 335, 338, 354. 
curvirostra, Loxia, 566. 
Cushman, R. A., on ichneumon-flies of 
the subfamily Neorhacodinae, 523. 
on new genera and species of 
ichneumon-flies, with taxonomic 
notes, 305. 
euticola, Diplostomum, 159. 
Neascus, 159. 
cyanea, Passerina, 565. 
Cyanocitta cristata cristata, 544. 
cristata florincola, 545. 
Cyclochaeta domerguei, 43. 
Cyclopterus lumpus, 68, 124, 130. 
cylindrica, Clytia, 577. 
Cylindrosteus platostomus, 510, 515. 
Cymatogaster aggregatus, 489, 491. 
Cymbephallus, 75. 
fimbriatus, 83. 
vitellosus, 62, 75. 
eyniformis, Stilbula, 435, 456. 
cynipiformis, Stilbula, 435. 
Cynoperea canadensis, 480. 
Cynoscion regalis, 22, 62, 63, 76, 85, 138, 
163. 


cynthia, Philosamia, 306, 352. 

eyprinella, Ictiobus, 514. 

Cyprinus carpio, 512. 

dasyphlebia, Chrysopa, 190. 

davidi, Protohermes, 180. 

debilis, Ceratosmicra, 288, 289 (fig.), 
344 


Chalcis, 344. 

Eusayia, 346. 

Sayiella, 346. 

Smicra, 344. 

(?) Spilochalcis, 344, 346, 348. 
Decapterus macarellus, 34, 76. 
decempunctata, Smicra, 331, 334. 
Delgadus, 195. 
delicata, Capella, 536. 

Smicra, 292. 

Spilochalcis, 252, 253 (fig.), 270, 271 

(fig.), 288, 289 (fig.), 291, 292, 329 
(fig.). 

delicatula, Smicra, 292. 

delicatus, Apanteles, 348, 354. 

delira, Smicra, 331, 334, 337. 

Spilochalcis, 331, 337. 
deltoides, Neuronema, 182. 


OF THE 


NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 88 


delumbis, Smicra, 342. 
Spilochalcis, 266, 267 (fig.), 328, 332, 
3a0 (fig.), 342, 354. 
dema, Spilochalcis, 266, 267 (fig.), 327, 
3828, 329 (fig.), 330, 382, 3383 (fig.), 
303 


Dendroica aestiva aestiva, 557. 
eaerulescens caerulescens, 557. 
caerulescens cairnsi, 557. 
eastanea, 559. 
cerulea, 558. 
coronata coronata, 557. 
discolor discolor, 559. 
dominica albilora, 558. 
dominica dominica, 358. 
fusca, 558. 
magnolia, 557. 
palmarum palmarum, 559. 
pensylvanica, 558. 
pinus pinus, 559. 
striata, 559. 
virens virens, 557. 

Dendroleon, 193. 
floridus, 194. 
insolita, 193. 
pantherinus, 194. 
parabolicus, 1%. 

dentata, Paralichthys, 13, 98. 

dentatum, Distomum, 51. 
Stephanostomum, 51, 58. 

dentatus, Paralichthys, 52, 68, 76, 120, 

138, 144, 493, 496. 

deprivata, Chalcura, 431. 

Deretrema, 166. 
fusillus, 166. 

Dermocystis ctenolabri, 155. 

Derogenes, 116. 
varicus, 116. 

Derogenetinae, 116. 

Deropristis, 49. 
hispida, 50. 
inflata, 49. 

deserti, Chrysobothris, 359. 

Desmoamia, 404, 408. 
zonatus, 414, 415 (fig.). 

Deutoleon, 174. 

diaphanes, Raja, 34, 107. 

Diatraea, 357. 

dichrous, Cryptohelcostizus, 357, 358. 

Dickcissel, 566. 

Diclidophora, 138. 
affinis, 13. 
pinguis, 13. 

Diclidophoridae, 13. 

Dicosmoecus, 211. 
atripes, 211. 

Dictyosmylus lunatus, 193. 

Didymocystis wedlei, 153. 

Didymozoon, 149. 
sardae, 150. 
scombri, 149. 
sp., 152. 

Didymozoonidae, 149. 

diencaea, Amia, 411. 


INDEX 


difficilis, Pseudostenophylax, 214. 

Digenea, 25. 

Dilar, 174. 

diminutivum, Halecium, 578, 580. 

Dimophora, 370. 

Dinolestes, 405, 412. 
muelleri, 412, 414, 415 (fig.). 

Dinurinae, 137. 

Dinurus, 137. 
pinguis, 137, 145. 
tornatus, 141. 

Dionchinae, 4. 

Dionchus, 4. 
agassizi, 4. 

Diphasia, 579. 
crassa, 575, 579, 580. 

Diplodontia, 263. 
secunda, 280, 282. 

Diploproctodaeidae, 102. 

Diplostomum cuticola, 159. 

Dipseudopsis, 175. 

Diptera, 256, 259, 297, 354. 

Dipterodon, 409. 
hexacanthus, 409. 

Dirhinus texanus, 246, 247 (fig.). 

Discoeotylidae, 14. 

discolor, Dendroica discolor, 559. 

dissaéptus, Cistothorus (Telmatodytes) 

palustris, 550. 

Telmatodytes palustris, 550. 
distinctus, Phytodietus, 366. 
Distoma, 168. 

fenestratum, 168. 

nitens, 44. 

sp., 170, 171. 

Vivipara, 45. 

Distomum appendiculatus, 119. 
areolatum, 88. 
bothryophoron, 132, 135. 
calyptrocotyle, 148. 
cestoides, 107. 
clavatum, 110, 111. 
eontortum, 145. 
dentatum, 51. 
fenestratum, 168. 
foliatum, 148. 
fragile, 166. 
fuscum, 110. 
globiphorum, 99. 
grandiporum, 137. 
gulosum, 148. 
jageniforme, 110. 
macrocotyle, 146. 
monticellii, 129. 
mulleri, 117. 
nigroflayum, 147. 
nitens, 44. 
ocreatum, 123, 124, 125. 
pectinatum, 43. 
polyorchis, 162. 
pyriforme, 84, S85. 
rachion. 96. 
rufoviride, 137. 
simplex, 64, 67. f 
sp., 84, 86, 87, 88, 93, 96, 102, 135, 

168. 


595 


Distomum tenue, 55. 
tenue tenuissime, 55, 
tornatum, 137, 141. 
valde-inflatum, 57. 
veliporum, 107. 
vibex, 40. 
vitellosum 67, 74, 75, 83. 
diversa, Amia, 412. 
Chalcis, 245. 
divisa, Chalcis, 246, 247 (fig.), 248, 250, 
251, 252, 253 (fig.), 332, 333 (fig.). 
Smiera, 246. 
divisana, Ancylis, 338, 340, 353. 
dolomieu, Micropterus, 105, 107, 157, 159. 
domerguei, Cyclochaeta, 43. 
dominica, Dendroica dominica, 558. 
donovani, Lepas fascicularis, 231. 
Dorosoma, cepedianum, 482, 514. 
dorsalis, Chalepus, 323, 354. 
dorsata, Smicra, 272. , 
Spilochaicis, 252, 253 (fig.), 265, 
2(0;; 201 «(fig t272) ~ 288,< 289 
(fig.). 
dorsigera, Leucopsis, 270, 271 (fig.). 
doryssa, Amia, 411. 
Dove, eastern mourning, 536. 
Drepanacra, 182. 
Dryobates pubescens, 542. 
pubescens medianus, 541. 
pubescens nelsoni, 542. 
villosus audubonii, 540, 541. 
villosus yillosus, 540. 
Dumeiella carolinensis, 550. 
Hcheneis naucrates, 180, 493. 
echinata, Mitella, 234. 
Eechinosioma, 171. 
Hchinostomidae, 60. 
Hehinostominae, 60. 
Hehinostomum, 60. 
sp., 60. 
Eetenurus, 142. 
virgula, 142. 
edentula, Lephradena, 59. 
effusum, Eriogonum, 457. 
Egmundella, 577. 
fasciculata, 577, 580. 
Egret, American, 583. 
egretta, Casmerodias albus, 538. 
8-punctata, Ankylopteryx, 187. 
elachis, Spilochalcis, 291, 294, 327. 
electellum, Homoeosoma, 334, 352. 
elongata, Brinkmannella, 423. 
Lepodora, 92. 
elongatum, Lepidapedon, 92. 
elongatus, Ateleuti (sic), 372. 
Pseuderipternus, 372. 
emarginata, Onchocotyle, 11. 
Empidonax flaviventris, 543. 
virescens, 543. 
eneausta, Smicra, 313, 314. 
Encelia, 378. 
californica, 383. 
farinosa, 385. 
Enchelyopus cimbrius, 93. 
Enneasmicra, 263. 


096 


Enodia megachondros, 44. 
enslini, Neorhacodes, 525. 
Rhacodes, 525. 
Entobdella, 5. 
bumpusii, 5, 23. 
hippoglossi, 6. 
ephemeraeformis, 
340, 352. 
Ephialtes cressoni, 363. 
Hpibdella bumpusii, 5. 
Epicanthaclisis, i74, 194. 
continentalis, 194. 
epiphanes, Spilosmyius, 193. 
Hpigonus, 404, 409, 414. 415 (fig.). 
macrophthalmus, 409. 
telescopius, 414. 
Hpiurus, 362. 
epsetus, Anchoviella, 120. 
eguisetis, Coryphaena, 141, 168. 
ericrypta, Melospiza georgiana, 573. 
eridania (?) Prodenia. 336, 352. 
Hrimyzon sucetta, 508. 
sucetta oblongus, 512. 
sucetta sucetta, 486. 
Eriogonum, 457. 
effusum, 457. 
erythrinus, Apogon, 411. 
Erythrobussothen, 422. 
gracilis, 422. 


PROCEEDINGS 


Thyridopteryx, 306, 


erythrocephalus, Melanerpes erythro- 
eephaius, 540. 

erythromelas, Piranga, 564. 
erythrophthalmus, Pipilo erythroph- 


thalmus, 566. 
erythropthalmus, Coceyzus, 537. 
erythrosternus, Polyeyrtus, 355. 
EKsox masquinongy, 480. 
niger, 105, 107. 
reticularis, 505. 
Htrumeus sadina, 46, 120, 180, 133, 168. 
Eubasillissa, 174, 210. 
tibetana, 210. 
eubule, Catopsilia, 272, 275, 276, 352. 
Smicra, 269. 
Smiera, 269. 
Spilochalcis, 252, 253 (fig.), 265, 
269, 288, 289 (fig.), 352. 
BHucharidae, contribution to the knowl- 
edge of, 425. 
Eucharis, 425. 
adscendens, 425. 
convergens, 431. 
scutellaris, 425. 
Eucosmidae, 324, 338, 340, 341, 353. 
Hudendrium, 575. 
rugosum, 575, 580. 
Eumicromus, 181. 
Puperisiphonia, 578. 
rigida, 578, 579, 580. 
Euphagus carolinus, 564. 
EKuphanes, 195. 
euphonia, Melospiza melodia, 574. 
Eupomotis microlophus, 486. 
Buroleon, 174, 195. 
alienus, 195. 
Eusayia, 343. 
debilis, 346. 


OF THE 


NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 38 


Hustypiura, 263. 

EKuthynnus ailetteratus. 130. 

Hvanophanes, 210, 211. 
imsignis, 211. 

evermanni, Apogon, 411. 

Evetria frustrana, 334, 353. 

excisum, Lecithocladium, 143. 

Exema conspersa, 336, 354. 

Exetastes, 364. 
abdominalis var. a, 364. 
bituminosus, 364. 
lasius, 364. 
pilosus, 364. 
purpureus, 364. 
rufipes, 364. 

exigua, Bathyplectes, 340, 354. 

Exocoetus volitans, 167. 

exornata, Smicra, 266. 
Spilochalcis, 252, 258 (fig.), 265, 266, 

276, 288, 289 (fig.), 352. 

exostigma, Amia, 411. 

exsulcatus, Romaniella, 525, 527. 

extimus, Penthestes carolinensis, 546. 

HEysenhardtia, 373. 
sp. 398. 

faceta, Smicra bioeulata, 323, 325. 

faleatus, Trachinotus, 76. 

Faleo columbarius columbarius, 534. 
peregrinus anatum, 534. 
sparverius sparverius, 535. 

Palconidae, 584. 

farinosa, Encelia, 385. 

faronis, Crepidostomum, 101. 

fasciata, Chaleis, 297, 300. 

fasciatus, Achirus, 68, SS. 

Mullus, 410. 
fasciatus, Renocis, 377, 379 (fig.), 38% 
(fig.)}, 385. 

fascicularis, Lepas, 229, 231. 

fasciculata, Hgmundella, 577, 5890. 

fastigiata, Calycella, 577. 
Stegopema, 577, 580. 

faxoni, Hylocichla guttata. 551. 

femorata, Smicra, 297. 

Spilochaleis, 246, 247 (fig.), 252, 
253 (fig.), 265, 278, 279, 288, 289 
(fig.), 291, 292, 297, 327, 382: 

Vespa, 297. 

femoratus, Crabro, 297, 300. 

fenestratum, Distoma, 168. 
Distomum, 168. 

fenestratus, Halesinus, 218. 

ferox, Hemerobius, 186. 

ferruginea, Limanda, 65, 76. 

ferrugineus, Calliephialtes, 362. 

jiliforme, Stephanostomum, 53. 

fimbriatus, Cymbephallus, 83. 

Finch, eastern purple, 566. 

fistulosa, Foa, 408. 

flammeola, Smicra, 286. 
Spilochalcis, 279. 286. 

flAammula, Smicra, 286. 

flaveolus, Allemerobius, 184. 

flavescens, Argulus, 468, 475, 484, 485 

(fig.). 
Kamimuria, 175. 
Perea, 68, 104, 157, 159, 514. 


INDEX 597 


flavidissimalis, (?) Mimorista, 269, 352. | funduli, Argulus, 468, 477, 498, 499 (fig.). 


flavifrons, Vireo, 555. Fundulus heteroclitus, 2, 97, 137, 500. 
flavipennis, Protohermes, 180. majalis, 500. 
flavipes, Chalcis, 325. ocellaris, 500. 
Orasema, 446. sp., 486. 
Smicra, 325. furcata, Kapala, 431. 
flaviventris, Empidonax, 548. furcata, Microcotyle, 20. 
flavolineata, Amphibdella, 4. furcifera, Chrysopa, 188. 
flavopicta, Smicra, 331, 334. Schizaspidia, 431, 432. 
Smiera, 831. furciger, Steringophorus, 39. 


Spilochalcis, 246, 247 (fig.), 266, 267 | furcigerum, Leioderma, 39. 
(fig.) , 328, 330, 331, 332, 333 (fig.), | fusca, Dendroica, 558. 


330, B02, 3Da, 304. Gulliveria, 410. 
flebilis, Chalcis, 245, 252, 253 (fig.), 254, Hirudinella, 110. 
PiU n abes Ooo (ie). fuseata, Chrysopidia, 188. 
Smicra, 254. fuscescens, Hylocichla fuscesecens, 552. 
Spilochaleis, 254. fuscum, Distomum, 110. 
fietcherella, Coleophora, 338, 340, 353. fuseus, Argulus, 476, 518, 519 (fig.). 
fleurieu, Ostorhinchus, 409. fuscus, Renocis, 377, 879 (fig.), 381 (fig.), 
Flicker, northern, 538. 391. 
southern, 538. fuseus, Syrictes, 76. 
florida, Amelanchier, 389. fusillus, Deretrema, 166. 
floridana, Huro, 157, 159, 486. Gadus morrhua, 5, 25, 61, 68, 93, 116, 
Lophyrocera, 435. 124, 168. 
Stilbula, 435, 436. Gahan, A. B., on the family Eucharidae 
floridensis, Argulus, 460, 467, 476, 489 (Hymenoptera: Chaleidoidea), 425. 
(fig.). Galeagra, 422. 
floridus, Dendroleon, 194. pammelas, 403, 422. 
florineola, Cyanocitta cristata, 545. Gargorchis, 163. 
Flyeateber, Acadian, 548. varians, 168. 
northern crested, 542. Gasterosteus biaculeatus, 482. 
yellow-bellied, 543. Gasterostomata, 25. 
fo, Foa, 410. Gasterostomidae, 25. 
Foa, 410. Gasterestominae, 25. 
fistulosa, 408. Gasterostomum, 25. 
fo, 410. arcuatum, 25. 
vaiulae, 411. baculum, 33. 
Fodifoa, 408. capitatum, 27. 
foetens, Synodus, 62, 63, 120, 137, 188. gorgon, 36. 
foliaceus, Argulus, 468, 469. ovatum, 29. 
foliata, Orophocotyle, 148. sp., 30, 33. 
foliatum, Distomum, 148. Gelechia nundinella, 331, 353. 
fontinalis, Salvelinus, 101, 157, 159. Gelechiidae, 311, 331, 338, 340, 353. 
Formica sp., 427. Gemmaria costata, 577. 
Formicoidea, 425. Genarches, 117. 
formosum, Steganoderma, 47. infirmus, 75, 117, 119. 
formosus, Oporornis, 560. miilleri, 117. 
Fowleria, 410. sp., 118. i . 
brachygrammus, 410. gentinosa, Covillea, 387. 
fraenatus, Apogon, 410. georgei, Mazocraeoides, 15. | ee 
fragile, Distomum, 166. georgiana, Melospiza georgiana, 572. 
Stenocollum, 166. Geothlypis trichas brachidactyla, 560. 
fragilis, Scepterias, 409. gibbosus. Lechithaster, 182, 135. 
Fraser, C. McLean, on hydroids from | gigantea, Rhyacophila, 197. 
the Atlantic Ocean, 575. a ee ale 
ratercula, Chrysopa, 189, 190. gilberti, Ama, . 
Teter Aaa 177, 178. Telescopias, 414, 415 (fig.), 422. 
fraternus, Neochauliodes, 181. Gladiuneulus bispinosus, 65, 68, 120. 
freidrichi, Ctenochauliodes, 181. gladius, Xiphias, 7, 8, 10, 110, 111, 112, 
Fringillidae, 565. 154) 
frugiperda, Laphygma, 300, 203, 3388, 852. Glenurini, 195. _ 
frustrana, Evetria, 334, 353. Glenuroides, 195. 
Fucus, 230. Glenurus, 194. — 
Fulica americana americana, 535. globiphorum, Distomum, 99. 
fulvescens, Acipenser, 480. Glossamia, 410. 


Kamimuria, 175. pandionis, 409. 


598 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Glossosoma, 174, 202. 
aequalis, 202. 
anale, 202, 208. 
caudatum, 203. 
valvatum, 203. 
Glyphipterygidae, 338, 353. 
Glyphotaelius, 174, 210. 
mutatus, 210. 
Glypta, 524. 
Gnatcatcher, blue-gray, 553. 
Gnorimoschema sp., 310, Sle oa: 
Goera, 174. 
Goldfinch, eastern, 566. 
goliath, Hydrocyon, 498. 
Gonothyraea, 576, 578. 
integra, 576, 580. 
gorgon, Gasterostomum, 36. 
Nannoenterum, 36. 
gossypiella, Pectinophora, 368. 
gracilescens, Prosorhynchus, 30. 
sracilipes, Pseuderipternus, 372. 
gracilis, Apogonichthys, 410. 
gracilis, Axine, 22. 
gracilis, Erythrobussothen, 422, 
Grackle, bronzed, 564. 
graefii, Apogon, 410. 
grahami, Chrysopa, 188, 189. 
Hemerobius, 185, 186. 
Hydropsyche, 208. 
Rhyacophila, 197. 
Togoperla, 176. 
grahami, Acroneuria, 175. 
Pseudostenophylax, 214, 215. 


hageni, Himalopsyche, 197. 
haimbachi, Zelleria, 341, 353. 
Halecium, 578. 
bermudense, 577. 
diminutivum, 578, 580. 
Halesinus, 174, 210, 218. 
albopunctatus, 218, 219. 
fenestratus, 218. 
tenuicornis, 218, 219. 
ussuriensis, 218. 
Halesus, 214. 
Haltichella, 242. 
Sp. 246, 247 (fig.), 277 (fig.). 
Haplochladinae, 43. 


harengus, Clupea, 76, 119, 120, 126, 133. 


Hawk, duck, 534. 
eastern pigeon, 534. 
eastern red-tailed, 534. 
eastern sparrow, 535. 
marsh, 534. 
northern red-shouldered, 534. 
sharp-shinned, 534. 
hedeni, Hydropsyche, 207, 208. 
Hedymeles ludovicianus, 565. 
Heleoninae, 524. 
Heliothis obsoleta, 300, 308, 352. 
hellulae, Angitia, 338, 354. 
Helmitheros vermivorus, 556. 
Hemerobiidae, 181. 
Hemerobius, 174, 182. 183. 
bispinus, 186. 
chiangi, 184, 186. 
ferox, 186. 


VOL, 88 


re 


Stenopsyche, 203, 204, 205, 206. 
sramineus, Pooecetes gramineus, 570. humuli, 186. 
srammacus, Chondestes grammacus, nitidulus, 185. 
570. pini, 185. 
grandiporum, Distomum, 137. poppei, 185. 
grandis, Anthonomus, 335, 354. Hemerocampa leucostigma, 348, 
grex, Pneumatophorus, 17, 88, 143, 152. | Hemitelini, 359. 
griffini, Apanteles, 340, 354. Hemitripterus americanus, 55, 65, 68, 
griseus, Vireo griseus, 554. 126, 188. 
Gronovichthys, 410. Hemiuridae, 110. 
Grosbeak, rose-breasted, 565, Hemiurinae, 119. 
grossidens, Amia, 414. Hemiurus, 119. 
Amia (Amioides), 416, 419. appendiculatus, 100, 119, 124. 
Synagrops, 417, 419, 421. crenatus, 125. 
Grouse, Canada ruffed, 535. levinseni, 116, 123. 
grunniens, Aplodinotus, 21, 24. monticellii, 129. 
gruvelianum, Scalpellum, 232. Sp. d2p: 
guadalupensis, Amia, 412. Henry, Dora Priaulx, on peduneulate 
Guiterrezia, 450. barnacles from the North Pacific, 225. 
Gulliveria, 410. Heptasmicra, 263. 
fusea, 410. Hermes, 179. 
gulosum, Distomum, 148. Hermiurus levinsenii, 123. 
Lecithocladium, 148. herodias, Ardea herodias, 533, 
gulosus, Chaenobryttus, 486. Heron, eastern green, 533. 
Gymnapogon, 406, 418 (fig.), 422. Ward’s, 532. 
japonicus, 403, 418 (fig.) , 422. Heterarine, 24. 
Gyrodactylidae, 2. cokeri, 24. 
Gyrodactylinae, 2. heteroclitus, Fundulus, 2, 97, 137, 500. 
Gyrodactylus, 2. heterodoxus, Renocis, 374, 375, 376, lis 
Spe: 379 (fig.), 881 (fig.), 387, 393. 
haematodes, Odontomachus, 431. Heterophyidae, 155. 
Haemulon plumieri, 168. hexacanthus, Dipterodon, 409. 


grahami, 185, 186. 


INDEX 


Hexasmicra, 263. 
Hexastomatidae, 15. 
Hexostoma, 15. 
thynni, 15. 
hiemalis, Nannus troglodytes, 549. 
hillii, Lepas, 226. 
Himailophanes, 201. 
Himalopsyche, 174, 197, 201, 202. 
alticola, 200. 
(Himalophanes) anomatla, 201. 
auricularis, 199. 
hageni, 197. 
japonica, 201. 
lachlani, 198. 
martynovi, 199, 200. 
navasi, 200. 
Himasthla, 61. 
tensa, 61. 
Himasthlinae, 61. 
hippoglossi, Entobdella, 6. 
Hippoglossoides platessoides, 493. 
Hippoglossus hippoglossus, 6, 48. 
hippos, Caranx, 53. 
hippurus, Coryphaena, 141, 168. 
hirsutus, Pseudostenophylax, 218. 
hirtifemora, Smicra, 295. 
Spilochalcis, 252, 258 (fig.), 291, 
292, 294, 295, 327, 354. 
Hirudinella, 110. 
celavata, 111. 
fusca, 110. 
Hirundinidae, 548. 
hispida, Deropristis, 50. 
Histrio pictus, 112, 125, 132. 
hebsoni, Rhyacophila, 196. 
hoffmanni, Chrysopa, 192. 
Homalometron, 96. 
pallidum, 96, 100. 
Homarus americanus, 38. 
homledrae, Spilochalcis, 240. 
Homoeosoma electellum, 334, 352. 
Hoplocryptus, 357. 
bituminosus, 357. 
horni, Protohermes, 180. 
horrida, Lantana, 316. 
Howella, 407, 422. 
brodiei, 422. 
hudsonius, Circus cyaneus, 534. 
Hummingbird, ruby-throated, 538. 
humuli, Hemerobius, 186. 
Huro floridana, 157, 159, 486. 
salmoides, 486. 
hyalina, Amia, 412. 
Hydroeyon goliath, 498. 
Hydroids, mostly from the Atlantic 
Ocean, 575. 
Hydromanicus, 175, 208. 
intermedius, 208. 
Hydropsyche, 174, 207. 
columnata, 207. 
grahami, 208. 
hedeni, 207, 208. 
pencillata, 207. 
plana, 208. 
rhomboana, 207, 208. 


599 


Hydropsychidae, 203. 
hyemalis, Junco hyemalis, 570. 
Hylocichla fusecescens fuscescens, 552. 
fuscescens salicicola, 552, 
guttata faxoni, 551. 
minima aliciae, 552. 
minima minima, 552. 
mustelina, 551. 
ustulata almae, 551. 
Hylotoma, 264. 
Hymenoptera, 297, 320, 338, 340, 348, 
351, 354, 425. 
Hymnodus, 409. 
atherinoides, 409. 
megalops, 409. 
Hypentelium nigricans, 486. 
Hypera rumicis, 338, 354. 
Hyperprosopon argeneus, 489. 
hyphantriae, Meteorus, 348, 354. 
Hypoclyonia, 416. 
bella, 416, 417, 421. 
hystrix, Chaetophloeus, 375, 879 (fig.), 
881 (fig.). 
Ichneumon-flies, new genera and species, 
with taxonomic notes, 335. 
of ate subfamily Neorhacodinae, 


Ichneumonidae, 338, 340, 348, 354, 524. 
Iichneumoninae, 524. 
Ictalurus punctatus, 486, 513. 
Icteria virens virens, 560. 
Icteridae, 562. 
Icterus spurius, 564. 
Ictiobus bulbalus, 514. 
eyprinella, 514. 
Idechthis, 368. 
canescens, 368. 
peruviana, 368. 
ignea, Smicra, 298. 
Smiera, 298, 300. 
igneoides, Smicra, 301. 
Spilochalcis, 252, 253 (fig.), 266. 
a (fig.), 291, 292, 301, 307, 352, 
353. 
ignobilis, Neuromus, 180. 
Tlex paraquariensis, 444. 
iliaca, Passerella iliaca, 572. 
iliacus, Telmatodytes palustris, 549. 
illinoensis, Aimophila aestivalis, 570. 
illota, Chrysopa, 188, 191. 
immaculata, Ceratosmicra, 266, 267 
(fig.), 288, 289 (fig.), 344, 346, 348, 
354. 


Smicra, 350. 
Smiera, 350. 
imparispine, Rhynchobothrium, 109. 
indentata, Paragnetina, 178. 
indetermina, Parasa, 282, 352. 
indica, Lepas anatifera, 226. 
Microptera, 213. 
Spilochalcis, 318. 
indicus, Argulus, 475, 483 (fig.). 
indigenella, Mineola, 308, 353. 
Indoleon, 195. 
Indomicromus, 182. 


600 


Indophenes, 175, 195. 
audax, 196. 
barbara, 196. 
sinensis, 196. 
Indosialis, 179. 
infestus, Myrmeleon, 195. 
infirmus, Genarches, 75, 117, 119. 
inflata, Deropristis, 49. 
ingens, Argulus, 460, 467, 517. 
Argulus nobilis var., 515. 
inornatus, Catoptrophorus semipalma- 
tus, 536. 
insignis, Hvanophanes, 211. 
insolita, Dendroleon, 193. 
insularis, Renocis, 378, 379 (fig.), 381 
(fig.), 400. 
insularis, Spilochalcis, 304, 306. 
integra, Gonothyraea, 576, 580. 
integrifolia, Rhus, 396. 
intermedius, Hydromanicus, 208. 
interrupta, Chrysopa, 192. 
intricatus, Ophion, 367. 
Toamia, 410. 
irideus. Salmo, 489. 
Isadelphus, 539. 
Iseropus, 362. 
isostigma, Cheilodipterops, 
(fig.). 
Istiophorus americanus, 8. 
itaira, Promicrops, 497. 
Itoplectis, 362. 
atrocoxalis, 362. 
ovalis, 362. 
pudibundae, 362. 
Jadamga, 406, 416, 418 (fig.). 
quinquelineata, 416, 418. 
japonica, Himalopsyche, 201. 
Psilotreta, 219. 
Rhyacophila, 197. 
Synagrops, 414, 417, 421, 422. 
japonicum, Acropoma, 408, 414, 415 
(fig.). 
Melanostoma, 416, 422. 
japonicus, Argulus, 460, 462 (fig.), 468, 
469, 477, 485, 494 (fig.), 498, 502. 
Gymnapogon, 403, 418 (fig.), 422. 
jeanneli, Kamimuria, 176. 
jenkinsi, Amia, 411. 
Junco, Carolina, 571. 
slate-colored, 570. 
Junco hyemalis carolinensis, 571. 
hyemalis hyemalis, 570. 
juxta, Smicra, 311. 
Spilochalcis, 246, 247 (fig.), 266, 267 
(fig.), 308, 311, 315. 
kahblii, Mischosmicra, 345, 346. 
kalosoma, Amia, 410. 
Kamimuria, 174, 175. 
flavescens, 175. 
fulvescens, 175. 
jeanneli, 176. 
simplex, 175. 
taoi, 175. 
tienmushanensis, 176. 
Kapala, 481. 
furcata, 431. 
terminalis, 431. 


PROCEEDINGS OF 


415, 418 


THE NATIONAL MUSEUM 


VOL. 88 


kauderni, Pterapogon, 411. 
Kentucky, birds of, 529. 
kiansuensis, Chrysopa, 188, 180, 191. 
Kildeer, 536. 
Kingbird, eastern, 542. 
Kingfisher, eastern belted, 538. 
Kinglet, eastern golden-crowned, 553. 
eastern ruby-crowned, 553. 
Kirk, Edwin, on Cestocrinus, a new fos- 
sil inadunate crinoid genus, 221. 
kisutch, Oncorhynchus, 489. 
klapaleki, Tylopyge, 176. 
Koellikeria sardae, 150. 
(Didymozoon) thynni, 153. 
xiphiados, 154. 
kolbei, Acanthacorydalis, 180. 
kreyembergi, Chrysopa, 188, 192. 
Kurandapogon, 411. 
blanchardi, 411, 412. 
kwantungensis, Psilotreta, 220. 
labradorius, Passereulus sandvichensis, 
568, 569. 
lachlani, Himalopsyche, 198. 
Lachobiella, 181. 
lacteicolor, Apanteles, 340, 354. 
laeve, Tristoma, 10. 
laeviceps, Parapsilogaster, 429. 
laevigatus, Lagocephalus, 103. 
laevis, Capsala, 10. 
Raja, 34, 37, 107. 
laevis, Zoogonoides, 45. 
lageniforme, Distomum, 110. 
Lagocephalus laevigatus, 108. 
Lagodon rhomboides, 76, 493, 5900. 
laguneula, Aponurus, 136. 
lalandi, Seriola, 37, 538, 58. 
laminata, Neuronema, 182, 183. 
Stenopsyche, 204, 205, 206. 
lanceolata, Rhyacophila, 197. 
lanieri, Chalcis, 283. 
Smicra, 283. 
Spilochalcis, 279, 288, 288, 289 (fig.). 
Laniidae, 554. 
Lanioperea, 412. 
mordax, 412, 
Lanius ludovicianus migraus, 554. 
Lantana horrida, 316. 
Laphygma frugiperda, 300, 303, 338, 352. 
laphygmae, Meteorus, 320, 354. 
Rogas, 320, 354. 
laricella, Coleophora, 338, 340, 353. 
Lark, prairie horned, 543. 
lasia, Chaleis, 245, 246, 247 (fig.), 248, 
252, 258 (fig.), 277 (fig.), 332, 383 
(fig.). 
lasius, Exetastes, 364. 
lasnierii, Chalcis, 283. 
Latebrus, 422. 
oculatus, 422. 
lateralis, Clistopyga ?, 363. 
Taeniotoca, 489. 
Tromatobia, 363. 
laticauda, Argulus, 477, 495, 496 (fig.). 
latratus, Neuromus, 180. 
latus, Argulus, 468, 498, 489, 500. 
laureatum, Crepidostomum, 101. 


INDEX 


Lebouria, 62. 

sp., 63, 64. 

truncata, 62, 68. 
Lecithaster, 132. 

eonfusus, 132. 

gibbosus, 182, 135. 
Lecithasternae, 132. 
Lecithocladium, 1438. 

eristatum, 143. 

excisum, 143. 

gulosum, 148. 
Lecithostaphylinae, 44. 
Lecithostaphylus, 44. 

nitens, 44. 
leeta, Smicra, 317, 318. 

Spilochalcis, 266, 267 (fig.), 308, 317. 
Lecythocrinus, 222. 
ledifolius, Cercocarpus, 389. 
legandrina, Notanatolica, 220. 
Leguminosae, 373. 
Leicderma furcigerum, 39. 
Leiostomus xanthurus, 76, 97. 
Lema nigrovittata, 348, 354. 

trilineata, 348, 354. 
lentiginosus, Botaurus, 533. 
Lepas, 225, 226. 

anatifera, 225, 226 (fig.), 230. 

anatifera indica, 226. 

australis, 227. 

fascicularis, 229, 231. 


fascicularis aurivillii, 225, 231 
(fig.). 

fascicularis donovoni, 231. 

hillii, 226. 


macrocannus, 226. 
pectinata, 225, 229 (fig.). 
pectinata beringiana, 230. 
pectinata pacifica, 227, 228 (fig.). 
pectinata squamosa, 230. 
Lephradena edentula, 59. 
Lepidamia, 410. 
Lepidapedon, 91. 
clavatum, 91. 
elongatum, 92. 
rachion, 91. 
Lepidopsetta bilineata, 491. 
Lepidoptera, 263, 269, 272, 275, 278, 282, 
290, 300, 303, 806, 311, 331, 334, 336, 
338, 340, 341, 352, 442. 
lepidostei, Argulus, 479, 514 (fig.). 
Lepisosteus osseus, 510, 515, 517. 
sp., 515. 
Lepocreadium, 84. 
pyriforme, 84. 
retrusum, 87. 
trullaforme, 88. 
Lepodora elongata, 92. 
leptis, Spilochalcis, 266, 267 (fig.). 328, 
332, 333 (fig.), 340, 353. 
Leptoceridae, 220. 
Leptops olivaris, 486. 
lepturus, Trichiurus, 25, 85, 105, 107, 
112, 130. 
Lespedeza, 570. 
Leucochrysa, 187. 


601 


leucophrys, Zonotrichia leucophrys, 572. 
Leucopsis, 243. 

affinis, 270, 271 (fig.). 

dorsigera, 270, 271 (fig.). 

leucostigma, Hemerocampa, 348. 

levinseni, Hemiurus, 116, 123. 

levinsenii, Hermiurus, 123. 

Lictorella, 576. 

Limacodes sp., 282, 352. 

Limacodidae, 282, 290, 352. 

Limanda ferruginea, 65, 76. 

limbata, Togoperla, 176. 

limi, Umbra, 505. 

Limnephilidae, 210. 

Limnephilus, 174, 210, 211. 

subfuscus, 211. 
Limnocentropus, 174. 
Limulus, 231. 
lineolnii, Melospiza lincolnii, 572. 
lineatus, Buteo lineatus, 534. 
Cheilodipterus, 403, 412, 413, 418. 
Roccus, 137. 

lineolata, Archamia, 412. 

lingua, Cryptocotyle, 155. 
Tocotrema, 155. 

Linton, Edwin, on trematodes from 
fishes from Woods Hole region, Massa- 
chusetts, 1. 

Lintonia, 5. 

papillosa, 5. 

Lintonium, 40. 

vibex, 40. 

lissa, Ceratosmiera, 343. 

Lissonotini, 524. 

jobata, Arctopsyche, 209. 

Lobotes surinamensis, 30, 116, 136. 

longa, Azygia, 105. 

longicauda, Microcotyle, 22. 

longicauda, Neorhacodes, 525, 526 (fig.). 

longipetiola, Smicra, 344, 346. 

Lopezus, 174. 

Lophius piscatorius, 107, 116, 126, 493. 

Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps, 124. 

Lophopsetta maculata, 76, 91, 155, 493. 

Lophyrocera floridana, 435. 

Lovamia, 410. 

Loxia curvirostra, 566. 

curvirostra neogaea, 566. 
Loxostege similalis, 366. 
ludovicianus, Hedymeles, 565. 

Thryothorus ludovicianus, 549. 
tumpus, Cyclopterus, 68, 124, 130. 
iunatus, Dictyosmylus, 198. 

Mionorus, 410. 

tuteus, Colaptes auratus, 538. 

Lycaenidae, 263, 352. 

Lycodontis moringa, 168. 

Lyonetidae, 338, 353. 

macarellus, Decapierus, 34, 76. 

macassariensis, Apogonoides, 409. 

Maceullochina, 416. 

maclayi, Pseudoeryphalus, 382, 385. 

Renocis, 376, 382. 
maclura, Pteroplatea, 497. 
macrocannus, Lepas, 226. 


602 


macrocotyle, Accacladocoelium, 146. 
Distomum, 146. 
macrodon, Cheilodipterus, 412, 418. 
Macrolepis, 409. 
macrophthalmus, Epigonus, 409. 
macrops, Oxyodon, 412. 
macularia, Actitis, 536. 
maculata, Chalcis, 280, 282. 
Lophopsetta, 76, 91, 155, 493. 
Smicra, 280. 
Smiera, 280. 
maculatus, Monoprion, 410, 
Scomberomorus, 34. 
Sphoeroides, 42, 68, 76, 103, 133. 
maculipennis, Cheumatopsyche chinen- 
sis, 207. 
Plutella, 388, 340, 353. 
Rhyacophila, 197, 198. 
maculosus, Argulus, 466, 468, 478, 505, 
507, 508 (fig.). 
Megaceryle aleyon aleyon, 588. 
magna, Sturnella magna, 562. 
magnolia, Dendroica, 557. 
majalis, Fundulus, 500. 
malayanus, Synagrops, 419 
mali, Chrysobothris, 358. 
malivorella, Coleophora, 338, 353. 
Malus, 373. 
sp., 358. 
manipurensis, Schizaspidia, 436. 
Stilbula, 486. 
mantis, Podagrion, 332, 333 (fig.). 
marginatum, Clinostomum, 157, 
marginiventris, Apanteles, 297, 320, 354. 
mariae, Chalcis, 303. 
Smicra, 303. 
Spilochalcis, 238, 252, 253 (fig.), 
266, 267 (fig.), 270, 271 (fig.), 279, 
288, 289 (fig.), 291, 292, 301, 303, 
304, 306, 307, 352. 
marina, Pomolobus strongylura, 482. 
Strongylura, 3, 23, 30, 31, 68, 74. 
marinus, Tylosurus, 187. 
Marthamea, 174, 176. 
armata, 176. 
vitripennis, 177. 
Martin, purple, 544. 
mariynovi, Himalopsyche, 199, 200. 
Stenopsyche, 203, 204. 
masquinongy, Hsox, 480. 
Massachusetts, trematodes from fishes 
from Woods Hole region, 1. 
mavori, Onchocotyle, 11. 
maynardi, Vireo griseus, 555. 
Mazocraeidae, 15. 
Mazocraeoides, 15. 
georgei, 15. 
mclachiani, Neuromus, 180. 
Meadowlark, eastern, 562. 
southern, 563. 
medianus, Dryobates pubescens, 541. 
mediocris, Pomolobus, 16, 120, 128, 126, 
so: 
Meehean, O. Lloyd, on parasitic Crus- 
tacea of the genus Argulus in U. S. 
National Museum, 459. 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM 


VOL, 88 
Megaceryle aleyon aleyon, 538. 
megachondros, Enodia, 44. 
megalonis, Chalcis, 245, 250, 277 (fig.). 


Megalomus, 182. 
megalops, Argulus, 468, 469, 476, 492, 
493 (fiz). 
Hymnodus, 409. 
melana, Spilochalcis, 266, 267 (fig.) , 308, 
309, 316, 340. 
Melanerpes erythrocephalus 
cephalus, 540. 
melanocarpa, Prunus virginiana, 389. 
melanocystis, Xenodistomum, 107. 
Melanosmicra, 343. 
ay menting Argulus, 476, 486 (fig.), 
Melanostoma, 416. 
argyreum, 414, 419. 
japonicum, 416, 422. 
melinus, Strymon, 263, 352. 
Melospiza georgiana ericrypta, 573. 
georgiana georgiana, 572. 
lincolnii lincolnii, 572. 
melodia euphonia, 574. 
mendica, Smicra, 332, 334. 
menesemus, Apogon, 411. 
Menidia notata, 30, 31, 57, 126, 127, 135, 
187, 188, 157, 500. $ 
Meniscus pulcherrimus, 366. 
mentalis, Apogonichthys, 411. 
Menticirrhus, 31. 
americanus, 137. 
Saxatilis, 34, 55, 62, 63, 76, 84, 85, 
88, 97, 126, 138, 170. 
Merluccius bilinearis, 14, 76, 124, 126, 
138. 


erythro- 


Merulinus carolinus, 65, 68, 76, 138. 
Mescinia peruella, 369. 
mesillae, Spilochalcis, 301, 303. 
Mesogramma polita, 297, 354. 
polygonastyla, 297, 354. 
Mesoleius telarius, 366. 
Mesoleptini, 524. 
Mesoleptus ? bucephalus, 366. 
pulcherrimus, 366. 
Mesostenus nobilis, 366. 
Metadontia, 242, 243, 260. 
eneene 261, 277 (fig.), 329 (fig.), 
2. 


montana, 261, 262. 
nigricornis, 280. 
meteori, Ceratosmicra, 

210, 271 (fig.), 288, 
(fig.), 344, 346, 354. 
meteori, Smicra, 346. 
Meteorus, 344. 
hyphantriae, 348, 354. 
laphygmae, 3820, 354. 
sp., 3848, 351, 354. 
versicolor, 338, 354. 
mexicana, Cowania, 392, 393, 394. 
mexicanus, Renocis, 378, 379 (fig.), 381 
(fig.), 397. 
microcephalus, Ancystrocephalus, 147. 
Pleuronectes, 45. 


266, 267 (fig.), 
289 (fig.), 329 


INDEX 


Microcotyle, 18, 24. 
earangis, 18. 
furcata, 20. 
longicauda, 22. 
pomatomi, 18. 
poronoti, 18. 
sp., 18, 22. 
spinicirrus, 21. 
stenotomi, 19. 
Microcotylidae, 18. 
Microgadus tomcod, 65, 68, 103, 126, 157, 
482, 498, 496. 
microgaster, Chalcis, 245, 252, 253 (fig.), 
259, 277 (fig.), 279, 329 (fig.), 332, 
333 (fig.). 
Smiera, 258, 259. 
Microgasterinae, 523, 524. 
?Microichthys, 409. 
Microichthys coccoi, 409. 
microlepis, Synagrops, 403, 417, 419, 491, 
microlophus, Eupomotis, 486. 
Micromiidae, 181. 
Micromus, 181. 
microphylla, Parkinsonia, 382. 
Micropodidae, 537. 
Microptera indica, 213. 
Micropterna, 213. 
Micropterus dolomieu, 105, 107, 157, 159. 
salmoides, 514. 
migrans, Lanius ludovicianus, 554. 
migratorius, Turdus migratorius, 550. 
militaris, Apanteles, 338, 340, 354. 
mimicus, Pseudostenophylax, 214, 215, 
217. 
Mimidae, 550. 
(?) Mimorista flavidissimalis, 269, 352. 
Mimus polyglottos polyglottos, 550. 
Mineola indigenella, 303, 353. 
minima, Hylocichla minima, 552. 
minimus, Pseudostenophylax, 214, 215, 
216, 217. 
minimus, Turdus, 552. 
minor, Neoperla, 178. 
Philohela, 536. 
minuta, Aglaophenia, 577. 
Orasema, 439, 457. 
minutissima, Orasema, 488, 446. 
Mionorus, 410. 
Iunatus, 410. 
mydrus, 411. 
mirabilis, Smicra, 298, 300. 
Mischosmicra, 344. 
kahlii, 345, 346. 
mississippiensis, Argulus, 478, 509 (fig.). 
missouriensis, Smicra, 272, 273. 
Spilochalcis, 272. 
Mitella echinata, 234. 
polymerus, 225, 234. 
typica, 234. 
Mniotilta varia, 556. 
Mockingbird, eastern, 550. 
Mola mola, 9, 57, 146, 147, 149, 166. 
molae, Capsala, 9. 
Tristomum, 9. 
Molothrus ater ater, 564. 


440140—42——2 


603 


molueccensis, Amia, 409. 

Monocotylidae, 4. 

Monogenea, 2. 

Monopisthocotylea, 2. 

Monoprion, 410. 
maculatus, 410. 

Monosira, 410. 
stahli, 410. 

Monostoma, 168. 
sp., 168. 

Monostomum bipartitum, 153. 
orbiculare, 29. 
vinaledwardsii, 167. 

montana, Metadontia, 261, 262. 
Smicra, 260, 261. 

monticellii, Distomum, 129. 
Hemiurus, 129. 

Sterrhurus, 106, 129. 
monticola, Pseudostenophylax (Tricho- 
phylax), 213, 217. 

mordax, Lanioperea, 412. 
Osmerus, 34, 68, 126, 482. 

moringa, Lycodontis, 168. 

Morone americana, 11, 55, 62, 68, 88, 89, 

97, 126. 

eee Gadus, 5, 25, 61, 68, 93, 116, 124, 
8. 

moselyi, Stenopsyche, 204, 205, 206. 

motacilla, Seiurus, 560. 

Motacillidae, 553. 

Mucropalpus, 182. 

muelleri, Dinolestes, 412, 414, 415 (fig.). 

mulleri, Distomum, 117. 

miilleri, Genarches, 117. 

mulleri, Progonus, 117. 

Mullus auratus, 76. 
fasciatus, 410. 

multiradiata, Neosphyraena, 412. 

multispinosa, Paragnetina, dite 

mustelina, Hylocichla, 551. 

mutatus, Glyphotaelius, 210. 

mydrus, Mionorus, 411. 

Myiarchus crinitus boreus, 542. 

Myiochanes virens, 548. 

Myoxocephalus octodecimspinosus, 493. 
scorpius, 496. 

myrifex, Chalcis, 329 (fig.), 351. 
Sphex, 245. 

Myrmecoelurus, 174. 

Myrmeleon audax, 195. 
barbarus, 195. 
infestus, 195. 

Myrmeleonidae, 193. 

Nannoenterum, 33. 
baculum, 33. 
gorgon, 36. 

Nannus troglodytes hiemalis, 549. 

natalensis, Synagrops, 422. 

natalis, Ameiurus, 486, 508. 

nattereri, Argulus, 508, 504. 

naucrates, Hcheneis, 180, 493. 

navasi, Himalopsyche, 200. 

navasi, Stenopsyche, 203, 204, 205. 

Neamia, 410. 
octospina, 410. 


604 


Neascus, 159. 
cuticola, 159. 
nebulosus, Ameiurus, 486, 508, 514. 
Negrokus, 195. 
nelsoni, Dryobates pubescens, 542. 
nematoptera, Agopon, 410. 
Nemotaulius, 210. 
Nenus, 181, 182. 
Neochauliodes, 174, 179, 181. 
fraternus, 181. 
occidentalis, 181. 
sinensis, 181. 
neogaea, Loxia curvirostra, 566. 
neomericana, Orasema, 438, 450, 455. 
Neopanorpa, 174. 
Neoperla, 175, 178. 
minor, 178. 
tingwashanensis, 178. 
Neophylax, 174. 
Neorchacodinae, 523. 
Neorhacodes, 523, 524, 525, 527. 
brevicauda, 525, 526. 
enslini, 525. 
longicauda, 525, 526 (fig.). 
Neorhacodidae, 523. 
Neorhacodinae, Ichneumon-flies of the 
subfamily of, 523. 
Neoscombrops, 407, 418 ( fig.), 422. 
annectens, 403, 418 (fig.), 422. 
Neosphyraena, 412. 
multiradiata, 412. 
nephropis, Stichocotyle, 37. 
neptis, Chalcis, 245, 251, 252, 253 (fig.), 
277 (fig.), 332, 383 (fig.). 
Neuromus, 174, 179, 180. 
ignobilis, 180. 
latratus, 180. 
melachlani, 180. 
Neuronema, 174, 182. 
deltoides, 182. 
laminata, 182, 183. 
similis, 183. 
Sinensis, 183. 
Neuropteroid insects from Szechwan, 
China, 173. 
nevadensis, Passerculus sandwichensis, 
568, 569. 
niger, Argulus, 467, 487, 489. 
Hsox, 105, 107. 
nigricans, Catostomus, 512. 
Hypentelium, 486. 
nigricornis, Chalcis, 279, 282. 
Metadontia, 280. 
Polymorphanisus, 207. 
Smiera, 279. 
Spilochalcis, 242, 252, 253 (fig.). 
265, 270, 271 (fig.), 276, 278, 279, 
283, 288, 289 (fig.), 329 (fig.), 352. 
nigrirostris, Phytonomus, 338, 354. 
nigrocincta, Amia, 412. 
nigroflavum, Distomum, 147. 
bigropicta, Smicra, 298. 
Smiera, 298, 300. 
nigropleuralis, Spilochalcis, 311, 312. 
nigrotaeniatus, Cheilodipterus, 408, 414. 
nigrovittata, Lema, 343, 354. 
Nineta, 187. 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM 


VOL, 88 


nitens, Distoma, 44. 
Distomum, 44. 
Lecithostaphylus, 44. 
nitidulus, Hemerobius, 185. 
Nitzschia papillosa, 5. 
nobilis, Argulus, 467, 479, 510, 515, 516 
(fig.). 
Mesostenus, 366. 
Phytodietus, 366. 
Noctuidae, 300, 303, 336, 338, 352. 
nodulosa, Bunodera, 104. 
nofae, Apogonichthys, 411, 
Nogiperla, 174, 177. 
chiangi, 177. 
fraterna, 177, 178. 
nortoni, Smicra, 287. 
Spilochalcis, 252, 253 ( fig.), 270, 271 
(fig.), 279, 287, 329 (fig.), 352, 
notabilis, Seiurus noveboracensis, 560, 
Notanatolica, 175, 220. 
legendrina, 220. 
notata, Menidia, 30, 31, 57, 126, 127, 135, 
187, 138, 157, 500. 
Strongylura, 518. 
Nothochrysa, 175, 187, 193. 
aequalis, 187. 
Nothochrysidae, 186. 
Nothopsyche, 174, 210, 211, 
rhombifera, 211, 
Notiobiella, 182. 
neveboracensis, Seiurus noveboracensis, 
559. 
nubilalis, Pyrausta, 357. 
nundinella, Gelechia, 331, 353. 
Nuthatch, Florida, 547. 
whiie-breasted 547. 
Nymphalidae 278, 352. 
oberthurinus, Spilosmylus, 193. 
oblitus, Passerculus sandwichensis, 568, 
569. 


oblongus, Hrimyzon sucetta, 512. 

Paralichthys 40, 47, 76. 
obsoleta, Heliothis, 300, 308, 352. 
occidentalis, Neochauliodes, 181. 

Orasema, 439, 455, 457. 

Tetranarce, 4. 
ocellana, Tmetocera, 341, 353. 
ocellaris, Fundulus, 500. 
ocreatum, Distomum, 128, 124, 125. 
octodecimspinosus, Acanthocottus, 48, 

64, 68, 88. 

Myoxocephalus, 493. 
Octoplectanum affine, 13. 
Octosmicra, 263. 

sp., 261. 
octospina, Neamia, 410. 
octovittatus, Cheilodipterus, 418, 
oculatus, Latebrus, 422. 
Odontomachus haematodes, 431. 
Odontomyia sp., 256, 259, 354. 

vertebrata, 259, 354. 

Odontota scutellaris, 323. 
odontotae, Smicra, 322. 
Spilochalcis, 266, 267 (fig.), 308, 309, 
321, 354. 
Oecetis, 220, 
turbata, 220. 


INDEX 


Ogeocephalus sp., 493. 
Oligoplites saurus, 59, 130. 
olivaceus, Vireo, 555. 
olivaris, Leptops, 486. 
olssoni, Podocotyle, 67. 
omiscomaycus, Percopsis, 60, 171. 
Onchocotyle, 11. 

emarginata, 11. 

mavori, 11. 
Onchocotylidae, 11. 

Oncorhynchus kisutch, 459. 
tschawytscha, 75, 118, 119. 
onitis, Tautoga, 21, 46, 65, 76, 97, 155. 

Ophion, 367. 
bermudensis, 367. 
intricatus, 367. 
Ophioninae, 524. 
Oporornis formosus, 560. 
Opsanus tau, 55, 57, 76, 138, 167, 496, 
497. 
Orasema, 427, 429, 436. 
aened, 437, 443. 
aureoviridis, 438, 439, 448, 459. 
bakeri, 489, 452. 
beameri, 438, 439, 447. 
eameroni, 437, 443. 
cockerelli, 439, 446, 452, 458, 455. 
eoloradensis, 437, 439, 441. 
flavipes, 446. 
minuta, 439, 457. 
minutissima, 458, 446. 
neomexicana, 438, 450, 455. 
occidentalis, 489, 455, 457. 
roberisoni, 489, 450, 451. 
simulatrix, 438, 450. 
smithi, 438, 447. 
stramineipes, 436, 488, 446. 
tezana, 437. 
tolteca, 487, 444. 
violacea, 438, 445. 
viridis, 439, 451, 452, 454, 456, 457. 
wheeleri, 439, 452, 453, 455, AD6. 
orbiculare, Monostomum, 29. 
Orchestes pallicornis, 338, 354. 
orgyiae, Casinaria, 348, 354. 
orientalis, Acanthacorydalis, 180. 
Oriole, orchard, 564. 
ornatus, Cryptohelcostizus, 
Orophocotyle, 148. 
foliata, 148. 
Orthopristis chrysopterus, 519. 
Orthoptera, 202. 
Osmerus mordax, 34, 68, 126, 482. 
Osmylidae, 193. 
Osmylus, 174, 193. 
punctipennis, 193. 
Osprey, 534. 
osseus, Lepisosteus, 510, 515, 517. 
Ostorhinchus, 409. 
fleurieu, 409. 
Otecoris alpestris praticola, 43. 
Otodistomum, 107. 
cestoides, 107. 
veliporum, 107, 109. 
Otus asio. asio, 537. 


357, 359. 


605 


ovalis, Itoplectis, 362. 

Pimpla, 562. 

Pimpla (Itoplectis), 362. 

Pimpla maculator, 362. 
ovata, Rhus, 396. 
ovatum, Gasterostomum, 29. 
ovatus, Prosorhynechus, 29. 

Ovenbird, 558. 
Owl, northern barred, 537. 

southern screech, 557. 

Oxyechus vociferus vociferus, 536. 
Oxyodon, 405, 412. 

macrops, 412. 
pacifica, Lepas pectinata, 227, 228 (fig.). 
Palinurichthys perciformis, 76, 84, 85, 

107, 120, 121, 130. 
pallens, Smicra, 319. 

Smiera, 319. 

Spilochalcis, 308, 319, 354. 
pallicornis, Orchestes, 338, 354. 
pallidum, Homalometron, 96, 100. 
pallipes, Chalcis, 325. 

Spilochalcis, 266, 267 (fig.), 309, 325. 
palmarum, Dendroica palmarum, 5D9. 
palustris, Telmatodytes palustris, 549. 
pammelas, Galeagra, 403, 422. 
Panargyrops, 359. 
Pandion haliaetus carolinensis, 534. 
pandionis, Apogon, 409. 

Glossamia, 409. 
Panorpa, 174. 
pantherinus, Dendroleon, 194. 
papillosa, Lintonia, 5. 

Nitzschia, 5. 
papillosum, Tristoma, 6, 8. 
parabolicus, Dendroleon, 194. 
Parachauliodes, 179. 
paradoxa, Rhynchopharynx, 145. 
Paraglenurus, 195. 

Paragnetina, 178. 
indentata, 178. 
multispinosa, 177. 

Parahynnodus, 403, 409. 

robustus, 409. 

Paralechia pinifoliella, 338, 353. 

Paralichthys dentata, 13, 93. 
dentatus, 52, 68, 76, 120, 138, 144, 

493, 496. 

oblongus, 40, 47, 76. 

Paramia, 413. 

Parapsilogaster, 429. 

laeviceps, 429. 
paraquariensis, Dex, 444. 

Parasa indetermina, 282, 352. 

Parascombrops, 416. 

pellucidus, 416, 419. 
Parasphyraenops, 420. 

atrimanus, 414, 423. 
Paratractus caballus, 53. 

crysos, 18. 

Paridae, 546. 

Parkinsonia, 373, 382. 

microphylla, 382. 
parkinsoniae, Renocis 375, 

(fig.), 381 (fig.). 
parkmanii, Troglodytes aédon, 548. 


376, 378, 379 


606 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM 


paru, Peprilus, 85, 141. 
parvula, Amia, 410, 412. 
parvus, Ancyrocephalus, 3. 
Passerculus princeps, 568. 
sandwichensis labradorius, 568, 569. 
sandwichensis nevadensis, 568, 569. 
sandwichensis oblitus, 568, 569. 
Sandwichensis savanna, 567. 
Passerella iliaea iliaea, 572. 
Passerherbulus caudacutus, 570. 
passerina, Spizella passerina, 571. 
Passerina cyanea, 565. 
Pastinachus centrourus, 5. 
paulensis, Argulus, 468, 502, 503. 
paulus, Corvus brachyrhynchos, 545, 546. 
paya, Ceratosmicra, 266, 267 (fig.), 270, 
271 (fig.), 288, 289 (fig.), 344, 348. 
pectinata, Lepas, 225, 229 (fig.). 
Tergestia, 43. 
Theledera, 42. 
pectinatum, Distomum, 43. 
Pectinophora gossypiella, 363. 
pectoralis, Albatrossia, 13. 
pelagica, Chaetura, 537. 
pellucidus, Parascombrops, 416, 419. 
Peltoperla, 174, 178. 
sinensis, 178. 
pencillata, Hydropsyche, 207. 
penicillatus, Renocis, 375, 378, 379 (fig.), 
881 (fig.), 395. 
peniculus, Pseudopotamorites, 212. 
penitalis, Pyrausta, 357. 
pennsylvanicum, Polygonum, 310. 
pensylvanica, Dendroica, 558. 
Pentasmiera, 264. 
Penthestes carolinensis 
546. 
earolinensis extimus, 546. 
Peprilus paru, 85, 141. 
Perca flavescens, 68, 104, 157, 159, 514. 
percaeformis, Amia, 410. 
perciformis, Palinurichthys, 76, 84, 85, 
107, 120, 121, 180. 
Pereopsis omiscomaycus, 60, 171. 
Perdicidae, 535. 
perdix, Apogonichthys, 410. 
peregrina, Vermivora, 556. 
Perisiphonia, 578. 
perla, Cintameva, 187. 
Perlidae, 175. 
perpicta, Togoperla, 176. 
peruella, Mescinia, 369. 
peruviana, Idechthis, 368. 
petiolata, Ceratosmicra, 343. 
pevzovi, Psilopterna, 213. 
Pewee, eastern wood, 543. 
phais, Spilochalcis, 266, 267 (fig.), 291, 
292, 307. 
Phalonia sp., 334, 353. 
Phaloniidae, 334, 353. 
Phasganophora, 263. 
suleata, 351. 
Phasganophorae smicriformes, 263. 
Pheidole carbonaria, 456. 
ceres, 456. 
vasliti var. acolhua, 445. 


carolinensis, 


VOL. 88 


philippinense, Acropoma, 419. 
philippinensis, Synagrops, 416, 419, 421. 
Philohela minor, 536. 
Philopotamus, 174, 209. 
sinensis, 209. 
Philosamia cynthia, 306, 352. 
Phlebiomus, 181. 
Phobetron pithecium, 290, 352. 
Phoebe, eastern, 543. 
phoebe, Sayornis, 543. 
phoenica, Spilochalcis, 252, 258 (fig.), 
265, 276, 288, 289 (fig.), 352. 
phoenicapoda, Chalcis, 245, 257. 
phoeniceus, Agelaius phoeniceus, 563. 
Phryganeidae, 210. 
Phychidae, 306, 352. 
Phygadeuonini, 359. 
Phytodietus, 366. 
distinctus, 366. 
nobilis, 366. 
pulcherrimus, 366. 
pulchra, 366. 
telarius, 366. 
zonatus, 366. 
Phytonomus nigrirostris, 388, 354. 
piceaella, Recurvaria, 338, 358. 
Picidae, 538. 
pictus, Histrio, 112, 125, 132. 
Pieridae, 272, 275, 352. 
pileatus, Ceophloeus pileatus, 539. 
pilosus, EXxetastes, 364. 
Pimpla, 360. 
atrocoxalis, 362. 
maculator ovalis, 362. 
ovalis, 362. 
(Itoplectis) ovalis, 362. 
pudibundae, 362. 
Pimplinae, 524. 
pinguis, Diclidophora, 13. 
Dinurus, 137, 145. 
pini, Hemerobius, 185. 
pinifoliella, Paralechia, 338, 353. 
pinus, Dendroica pinus, 559. 
Spinus pinus, 566. 
piperatus, Argulus, 468, 486. 
Pipilo erythrophthalmus canaster, 566. 
erythrophthalmus . erythrophthal- 
mus, 566. 
Pipit, American, 553. 
Piranga erythromelas, 564. 
rubra rubra, 565. 
piscatorius, Lophius, 107, 116, 126, 493. 
pithecium, Phobetron, 290, 352. 
pjasetzkyi, Stenopsyche, 204, 206. 
Plagiorchiinae, 44. 
Plagiosmicra, 260. 
ashmeadi, 261, 262. 
plana, Hydropsyche, 208. 
platessoides, Hippoglossoides, 493. 
Plathypena scabra, 340, 352. 
platostomus, Cylindrosteus, 510, 515. 
Platychirus, sp., 297, 354. 
Platyphylax, 174, 210, 212. 
rubescens, 212. 
Plectrocnemia, 209. 
sp., 209. 


INDEX 


Pledostomus commersonii, 501. 
Pleorchis, 162. 

americanus, 162. 
Pleurocotyle, 17. 

scombri, 17. 
Pleuronectes microcephalus, 45. 
plicata, Chlamys, 343, 354. 
plicitum, Bianium, 102. 

Psilostomum, 102. 
plumieri, Haemulon, 168. 
Plutella maculipennis, 338, 340, 353. 
plutellae, Angitia, 388, 354, 
Plutellidae, 338, 340, 353. 
Pneumatophorus grex, 17, 88, 143, 152. 
Podagrion, 242. 

mantis, 332, 333 (fig.). 
Podocotyle, 64. 


atomon, 64. 
olssoni, 67. 
sp., 74. 


Polioptila caerulea caerulea, 553. 
polita, Mesogramma, 297, 354. 
Pollachius virens, 68, 93, 120, 124, 126. 
Polychrosis viteana, 340, 353. 
Polyeyrtus, 355. 

bicostatus, 355, 

erythrosternus, 355. 

polyglottos, Mimus polyglottos, 550. 

polygonastyla, Mesogramma, 297, 354. 

Polygonum pennsylvanicum, 310. 

polymerus, Mitella, 225, 234. 

Polymorphanisus, 175, 206. 
nigricornis, 207. 
unipunctus, 206. 

Polyopisthocotylea, 11. 

polyorchis, Distomum, 162. 

polyphemus, Telea, 306, 352. 

polyrachicida, Schizaspidia, 435. 
Stilbula, 435. 

polystigma, Apogon, 422. 
Pseudamia, 403. 

pomatomi, Microcotyle, 18. 

Pomatomichthys, 409. 
constanciae, 409. 

Pomatomidae, 422, 

Pomatomus, 409. 
saltatrix, 19, 76, 85, 126, 130. 
telescopium, 409. 

Pomolobus aestivalis, 120. 
mediocris, 16, 120, 123, 126, 135. 
pseudoharengus, 16, 76, 120, 167, 

482. 


strongylura marina, 482. 
Pooecetes gramineus gramineus, 570. 
poppei, Hemerobius, 185. 
poronoti, Microcotyle, 18. 

Poronotus triacanthus, 18, 76, 85, 183, 
148, 149, 157. 

Potamorites, 212. 

Potamyia, 174, 208. 

chinensis, 208. 
praticola, Otocoris alpestris, 543. 
princeps, Passerculus, 568. 

Prionotus carolinus, 493. 
Pristiapogon, 410. 


607 


Prochrysopa, 187. 

(?) Prodenia eridania, 336, 352. 
Progne subis subis, 544. 
Progonus mulleri, 117. 
Prolimacodes badia, 290, 352. 
proluta, Amphipsyche, 207. 
promethea, Callosamia, 306, 352. 
Promicrops itaira, 497. 
Promoxis annularis, 514. 
Prosopis, 378. 

sp., 387. 

Prosorhynehinae, 28. 
Prosorhynchus, 28. 

crucibulum, 28. 

gracilescens, 30. 

ovatus, 29. 

Prosostomata, 37. 
Proteocephalus ambloplites, 158. 
Protohermes, 174, 179, 180. 

costalis, 180. 

davidi, 180. 

flavipennis, 180. 

horni, 180. 

rubidus, 181. 

xanthodes, 181. 

Protonotaria citrea, 556. 

pruniella, Coleophora, 338, 340, 353. 

pruinosus, Renocis, 377, 879 (fig.), 381 
(fig.), 383. 

Prunus, 373. 

americana, 393. 

virginiana, 395. 

virginiana melanocarpa, 389. 
Pseudamia, 406, 422. 

polystigma, 403. 
Pseuderipternus, 372. 

elongatus, 372. 

gracilipes, 372. 
pseudoacacia, Robinia, 323. 
Pseudocryphalus, 374, 375, 394. 

brittaini, 374, 394. 

criddlei, 395. 

maclayi, 382, 385. 
pseudoharengus, Pomolobus, 16, 76, 120, 

167, 482. 

Pseudopleuronectes, 120. 
pseudohispanicus, Clupanodon, 142, 
pseudomicrolepis, Synagrops, 417, 420, 

421 


Pseudopleuronectes americanus, 40, 64, 
65, 76, 88, 97, 120, 498, 496, 500. 
pseudoharengus, 120. 
Pseudopotamorites peniculus, 212. 
Pseudostenophylax, 174, 210, 213, 214, 
ALT PAksy 
amplus, 213, 214. 
brevis, 214, 215, 216. 
difficilis, 214. 
grahami, 214, 215. 
hirsutus, 218. 
mimicus, 214, 215, 217. 
minimus, 214, 215, 216, 217. 
(Trichophylax) monticola, 213, 217. 
rotundipennis, 217. 
szechuanensis, 214. 


608 


Psilogaster, 427. 
antennatus, 427. 
Psilopterna, 210, 212. 
pevzovi, 2138. 
sinensis, 212. 
Psilostomum plicitum, 102. 
Psilotreta, 174, 219. 
chinensis, 219. 
japonica, 219. 
kwantungensis, 220. 
Psychopsidae, 186. 
Pterapogon, 411. 
kauderni, 411. 
Pteroplatea maciura, 497. 
pubescens, Dryobates, 542. 
pudibundae, Itoplectis, 362. 
Pimpla, 862. 
pugettensis, Argulus, 462 (fig.), 466, 467, 
476, 477, 487, 488 (fig.), 490. 
pulcherrimus, Meniscus, 366. 
Mesoleptus, 366. 
Phytodietus, 366. 
pulehra, Ctenopelima, 366. 
Phytodietus, 366. 
Smicra, 274, 275. 
Smiera, 274. 
punctata, Chalcis, 297, 300. 
Conura, 297. 
Smicra, 297. 
Sphex, 297. 
punctatus, Ictalurus, 486, 518. 
punctipennis, Osmylus, 193. 
purpureus, Carpodacus purpureus, 566. 
Exetastes, 364. 
pusilla, Compsothlypis americana, 557. 
Spizella pusilla, 571. 
Wilsonia pusilla, 561. 
Pyralidae, 269, 308, 334, 352. 
Pyrausta ainslieli, 357. 
nubilalis, 357. 
penitalis, 357. 
pyriforme, Distomum, S84, 85. 
Lepocreadium, 84. 
gquadripunctatus, Apoderus, 372. 
quelea, Rhamdia, 501. 
quinquelineata, Jadamga, 416, 418. 
quinquelineatus, Cheilodipterus, 403, 
416. 
Quiscalus versicolor, 564. 
rachion, Distomum, 96. 
Lepidapedon, 91. 
Raja diaphanes, 34, 107. 
laevis, 34, 37, 107. 
Rallidae, 535. 
Rapbidia, 174. 
Recurvaria piceaella, 338, 353. 
Redstart, 561. 
Red-wing, eastern, 563. 
regalis, Cynoscion, 22, 62, 63, 76, 85, 138, 
163. 
regius, Urophycis, 76. 
regulata, Chrysopidia, 187, 188. 
Regulus satrapa satrapa, 553. 
Remora remora, 5, 126. 130, 168. 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM 


VOL, 88&- 


Renocis, 878, 374, 375, 376, 379, 381, 383, 
384, 397. 
braziliensis, 375, 378, 379 (fig.), 381 
(fig.), 398. 
brittaini, 376, 394, 395. 
brumneus, 376, 377, 379 (fig.), 381 
(fig.), 389. 
commiztus, 376, 377, 3879 (fig.), 381 
(fig.), 392. 
criddlei, 376, 377, 395. 
fasciatus, 377, 379 (fig.), 381 (fig.), 
385. 


fuscus, 377, 379 (fig.), 381 (fig.), 
391. 


heterodoxus, 374. 375, 376, 377, 379% 


(fig.). 381 (fig.). 387, 393. 

insularis, 378, 379 (fig.), 381 (fig.),. 
400. 

maclayi, 376, 382. 

mexicanus, 378, 879 (fig.), 881 (fig.), 
397. 

parkinsoniae, 375, 
(fig.), 881 (fig.). 

penicillatus, 375, 378, 379 (fig.), 381, 
(fig.), 395. 

pruinosus 377, 379 (fig.), 381 (fig.), 
383. 


376, 378, 379 


reticularis, Esox, 505. 
reticulatus, Argulus, 477, 497 (fig.). 
retrosella, Amia, 411. 
retrusum. Lepocreadium, 87. 
Reuterobius, 185. 
Rhabdamia, 410. 

clupeiformis, 410. 
Rhacodes, 528, 524, 525. 

enslini, 525. 
Rhacodinae, 525. 
Rhamdia quelea, 501. 
Rhectogramma, 422. 

sherborni, 422. 
rhombifera, Nothopsyche, 211. 
rhomboana, Hydropsyche, 207, 208. 
rhomboides, Lagodon, 76, 495, 500. 
Rhus, 373. 

integrifotia, 396. 

ovata, 396. 
Rhyacophila, 174, 196, 197, 202. 

auricularis, 197. 

earletoni, 197. 

gigantea, 197. 

grahami, 197. 

hobsoni, 196. 

japonica, 197. 

lanceolata, 197. 

maculipennis, 197, 198. 

sinensis, 196. 

tibetana, 197. 
Rhyacophilidae, 196. 
Rhynchobothrium imparispine, 109. 
Rhynchopharynx paradoxa, 145. 
Ribes, 378. 

sp., 396. 
Richmondena cardinalis cardinalis, 565. 
rigida, Buperisiphonia, 578, 579, 580. 


INDEX 


Riparia riparia riparia, 543. 
robertsom, Orasema, 439, 450, 451. 
Robin, eastern, 550. 
southern, 551. 
Robinia pseudoacacia, 323. 
robusta, Amia, 411. 
robustus, Parahynnodus, 409. 
Roceus chrysops, 514. 
lineatus, 137. 
saxatilis, 55. 
rochei, Auxis, 27, 43, 152. 
Rogas laphygmae, 320, 354. 
ere Compsothlypis americana, 
D7. 
Romaniella, 527. 
exsulcatus, 525, 527. 
Rosaceae, 373. 
roseigaster, Apogon, 408. 
rostrata, Anguilla, 50, 68, 126, 137, 138, 
496. 
Rothschildia sp., 306, 352. 
rotundipennis, Pseudostenophylax, 217. 
Roulette, prehistoric, from Wyandotte 
County, Kansas, 581. 
ruber, Apogon, 409. 
rubescens, Anthus spinoletta, 553. 
Platyphylax, 212. 
rubidus, Protohermes, 181. 
rubra, Piranga rubra, 565. 
rudolphianum, Tristomum, 9. 
ruficapilla, Vermivera ruficapilla, 556. 
rufigaster, Cryptohelcostizus, 357, 358. 
rufipes, Chaleis, 257. 
EXxxetastes, 364. 
Smicra, 257. 
rufofemorata, Smicra, 255, 256. 
rufoviride, Distomum, 137. 
rufum, Toxostoma rufum, 550. 
rugosum, BHudendrium, 575, 580. 
rumiecis, Hypera, 338, 354. 
rupestris, Ambloplites, 508. 
ruticilla, Setophaga, 561. 
sadina, Etrumeus, 46, 120, 130, 133, 168. 
salicicola, Hylocichla fuscescens, 552. 
salmani, Coleophora, 338, 340, 353. 
salminei, Argulus, 468, 478, 502, 503 
(fig.). 
Salmo irideus, 489. 
salmoides, Huro, 486. 
Micropterus, 514. 
saltatrix, Pomatomus, 19, 76, 85, 126, 
130. 
Salvelinus fontinalis, 101, 157, 159. 
Samia cecropia, 306, 352. 
Sandpiper, eastern solitary, 536. 
spotted, 536. 
sanguineiventris, Smicra, 335. 
Spilochalcis, 3827, 328, 332, 333 
(fig.), 335, 352, 354. 
sapidissima, Alosa, 76. 
Sapsucker, yellow-bellied, 540. 
Sarda sarda, 15, 25, 76, 150. 
sardae, Didymozoon, 150. 
Koellikeria, 150. 


609 


Sargassum, 577. 

satrapa, Regulus satrapa, 553. 

Saturniidae, 306, 352. 

saurus, Oligoplites, 59, 130. 

savanna, Passerculus sandwichensis, 
567. 

Saxatilis, Menticirrhus, 34, 55, 62, 63, 
76, 84, 85, 88, 97, 126, 138, 170. 

Roceus, 55. 
say, Amphotistius, 497. 
Sayiella, 343. 

debilis, 346. 

Sayornis phoebe, 543. 

seabra, Plathypena, 340, 352. 

Scalpellum columbianum, 225, 232, 233 
(fig.). 

(Arcoscalpellum ) columbianum, 
9 
gruvelianum, 232. 
Scepterias, 409. 
fragilis, 409. 
Schizaspidia, 481, 436. 
antennata, 432, 433. 
convergens, 431. 
furcifera, 481, 432. 
manipurensis, 436. 
polyrachicida, 435. 
septentrionalis, 485. 
tenuicornis, 434. 

Schneiderobius, 182, 185, 

schoepfi, Ceratacanthus, 57, 91, 92, 107, 
120, 165. 

Schultz, Leonard P., on two new genera 
and three new species of cheilodip- 
terid fishes, 403. 

Sclerodistominae, 110. 

Scolopacidae, 536. 

Seolytid beetles, of genus Renocis, 373. 

Scomber boops, 422. 

scombrus, 25, 76, 120, 126, 1338. 145, 
1523 
Scomberomorus maculatus, 34. 
seombri, Didymozoon, 149. 
Pleurocotyle, 17. 
Scombrops, 407, 414, 422. 
boops, 414. 
cheilodipterus, 414, 422. 

secombrus, Scomber, 25, 76, 120, 126, 1838, 
143, 152. 

Scopelapogon, 408. 

scorpius, Myoxocephalus, 496. 

scutellaris, Conura, 240. 

Eucharis, 425. 
Odontota, 323. 

secunda, Diplodontia, 280, 282. 

secundodorsalis, Thunnus, 112, 153. 

Seiurus aurocapillus, 559. 

motacilla, 560. 
noveboracensis notabilis, 560. 
noveboracensis noveboracensis, 559. 

sellicauda, Apogon, 411. 

semibrachyptera, Claassenia, 175. 

septentrionalis, Cathartes aura, 533. 

Schizaspidia, 435. 
Stilbula, 485. 


610 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 88 
Seriola lalandi, 37, 538, 58. Smicra debilis, 344. 
zonata, 112, 120, 121, 152. decempunctata, 331, 334. 
serpentulus, Accacladium, 147. delicata, 292. 
ECS Synagrops, 414, 416, 417, delicn tates 
421. a4) SHA 


delira, 331, 354, 357. 


serripennis Stelgidopteryx rufipennis, dalumbise24o 


Sertularella, 578. dorsata, 272. 
Setophaga ruticilla, 561. encausta, 313, 314. 
sherborni, Rhectogramma, 422. eubule, 269. 
Shrike, migrant, 554. exornata, 266. 
Sialia sialis sialis, 552. femorata, 297. 
Sialidae, 178. flammeola, 286. 
Sialinae, 178. flammula, 286. 


sialis, Sialia sialis, 552. 
Sialis, 174, 179. 
sinensis, 179. 
siamensis, Argulus, 475, 482 (fig.). 


flavipes, 325. 
flavopicta, 331, 334. 
flebilis, 254. 


side, Smicra, 336. gigantea, 351. 
Smiera, 336. hirtifemora, 295. 
Spilochalcis, 238, 264, 266, 267 (fig.), ignea, 298. 

826, 327, 328, 332, 333 (fiig.), 3385, igneoides, 301. 
336, 339, 340, 342, 348, 352, 353, immaculata, 350. 
304. juxta, 311. 

silphiella, Choreutis, 338, 353. lanieri, 283. 

similalis, Loxostege, 366. lecta, 317, 318. 

similis, Neuronema, 183. longipetiola, 344, 346. 

simplex, Bathysphyraenops, 423. maculata, 280. 


Distomum, 64, 67. 
Kamimuria, 175. 
Sinistropus, 64. 
simulatrixz, Orasema, 488, 450. 
sinensis, Indophanes, 196. 
Philopotamus, 209. 
Psilopterna, 212. 


mariae, 303. 

mendica, 832, 334. 
meteori, 346. 
microgaster, 258, 259. 
mirabilis, 298, 300. 
missouriensis, 272, 273. 


Sialis, 179. montana, 260, 261. 
sinensis, Neochauliodes, 181. nigricornis, 279. 
Neuronema, 183. nigropicta, 298. 
Peltoperla, 178. nortoni, 287. 
Rhyacophila, 196. odontotae, 322. 
sinica, Chrysopa, 189, 190, 192. pallens, 319. 
Sinistropus simplex, 64. pulchra, 274, 275. 
Siphamia, 404, 408. punctata, 297. 
tubifer, 408. rufipes, 257. 
Siphodera, 167. rufofemorata, 255, 256. 
vinaledwardsii, 167. sanguineiventris, 335. 
Siskin, northern pine, 566. side, 336. 
sispes, Chalcis, 238, 239 (fig.), 243, 244. subobsoleta, 323. 
Sitta carolinensis atkinsi, 547. subpunctata, 298. 
carolinensis carolinensis, 547. torvina, 336. 
Sittidae, 547. tourina, 537. 
Smicra, 237, 243, 263. transitiva, 274, 275. 
(Smiera), 237. virens, 284, 286. 
albifrons, 339, 340. vittata, 301, 303. 
amoena, 261. Smiera, 237, 248, 268. 
arcana, 313. divisa, 246. 
barbara, 255. eubule, 269. 
bimaculata, 351. flavopicta, 331. 
bioculata, 323, 325. ignea, 298, 300. 
bioculata faceta, 323, 325. immaculata, 350. 
bracata, 280, 282. maculata, 280. 
bracata coaequalis, 280, 282. nigropicta, 298, 300. 
canadensis, 258. pallens, 319. 
carolina, 280, 282. pulchra, 274. 
conjungens, 240, 286. side, 336. 
coxalis, 284, 286. subpunctata, 297, 300. 


eressoni, 348. transitiva, 274. 


INDEX 611 


smithi, Orasema, 488, 447. 
snyderi, Apogon, 411. 
Solanum, 310. 

solitaria, Tringa solitaria, 536. 
solitarius, Vireo solitarius, 555. 
Sparrow, Bachman’s, 570. 


eastern chipping, 571. 
eastern field, 571. 
eastern fox, 572. 

eastern grasshopper, 570. 
eastern lark, 570. 

eastern Savannah, 567. 
eastern swamp, 572. 
eastern vesper, 570. 
Labrador Savannah, 569. 
LeConte’s, 570. 
Mississippi song, 574. 
Nevada Savannah, 569. 
western grasshopper, 570. 
western swamp, 573. 
white-crowned, 572. 
white-throated, 572. 


sparverius, Faleo sparverius, 535. 
Sphaeramia, 410. 
Sphex myrifex, 243. 


punctata, 297. 


Sphoeroides maculatus, 42, 68, 76, 108, 
133. 

Sphyraena borealis, 34, 64, 188. 

Sphyraenops, 422. 


bairdianus, 422. 


Sphyrapieus varius varius, 540. 
Spilochalcis, 242, 243, 263, 264, 307, 326. 


albifrons, 328, 339, 352, 353, 354. 

apaiis, 270, 271 (fig.), 308, 315, 316. 

arcana, 266, 267 (fig.), 308, 313. 

bioculata, 323. 

bracata, 280. 

braccata, 280, 282. 

clora, 266, 267 (fig.), 292, 306. 

conjungens, 286. 

coxalis, 278, 279, 284, 286. 

(?) debilis, 344, 346, 348. 

delicata, 252, 253 (fig.), 270, 271 
(fig.), 288, 289 (fig.), 291, 292. 
329 (fig.). 

delira, 331, 337. 

delumbis, 266, 267 (fig.), 328, 332, 
833 (fig.), 342, 354. 

dema, 266, 267 (fig.), 327, 328, 329 
(fig.), 330, 332, 333 (fig.), 353. 

dorsata, 252, 253 (fig.), 265, 270, 
271 (fig.), 272, 288, 289 (fig.). 

elachis, 291, 294, 327. 

eubule, 252, 253 (fig.), 265, 269, 288, 
289 (fig.), 352. 

exornata 252, 258 (fig.), 265, 266, 
276, 288, 289 (fig.), 352. 

femorata, 246, 247 (fig.), 252, 253 
(fig.) 265, 278, 279, 288, 289 (fig.), 
291, 292, 297, 327, 352. 

flammeola, 279, 286. 

flavopicta, 246, 247 (fig.), 266, 267 
(fig.), 328, 330, 331, 332, 333 (fig.). 
335, 352, 353, 354. 

flebilis, 254. 


Spilochalcis hirtifemora, 252, 253 (fig.), 
291, 292, 294, 295, 327, 354. 
homledrae, 240. 
igneoides, 252, 253 (fig.), 266, 267 
(fig.), 291, 292, 301, 307, 352, 353. 
indica, 318. 
insularis, 304, 306. 
juxta, 246, 247 (fig.), 266, 267 (fig.), 
308, 311, 315. 
lanieri, 279, 283, 288, 289 (fig.). 
lecta, 266, 267 (fig.), 308, 317. 
leptis, 266, 267 (fig.), 328, 332, 333 
(fig.) 340, 353. 
mariae, 238, 252, 253 (fig.), 266, 267 
(fig.), 270, 271 (fig.), 279, 288, 
28Y (fig.), 291, 292, 301, 303, 304, 
306, 307, 352. 
melana, 266, 267 (fig.), 308, 309, 
316, 340. 
mesillae, 301, 303. 
missouriensis, 272. 
nigricornis, 242, 252, 253 (fig.), 265, 
270, 271 (fig.), 276, 278, 279, 283, 
288, 289 (fig.), 329 (fig.), 352. 
nigropleuralis, 311, 312. 
nortoni, . 252, 253. (fig.), 270, 271 
(fig.), 279, 287, 329 (fig.), 352. 
odontotae, 266, 267 (fig.), 308, 309, 
321, 354. 
pallens, 308, 319, 354. 
pallipes, 266, 267 (fig.), 309, 325. 
phais, 266, 267 (fig.), 291, 292, 307. 
phoenica, 252, 253 (fig.), 265, 276, 
288, 289 (fig.), 352. 
sanguineiventris, 327, 328, 332, 333 
(fig.), 335, 352, 354. 
side, 238, 264, 266, 267 (fig.), 326, 
327, 328, 332, 333 (fig.), 335, 336, 
339, 340, 342, 348, 352, 353, 354. 
sp., 330, 331, 335, 337. 
subobsoleta, 266, 267 (fig.), 288, 289 
(fig.), 308, 309, 320, 323, 326. 
syrphidis, 240, 295, 296, 297. 
tanais, 266, 267 (fig.), 270, 271 (fig.), 
308, 309, 353. 
torvina, 336, 338. 
torvina ancylae, 339, 352. 
transitiva, 252, 253 (fig.), 264, 265, 
274, 278, 288, 289 (fig.), 352. 
trinidadensis, 304, 305, 306. 
virens, 284, 285. 
vittata, 301. 
rantha, 308. 320. 
xanthostigma, 246. 247 (fig.), 264, 
277 (fig.), 307, 308, 329 (fig.), 351. 
Spilomena troglodytes, 523, 525. 
Spilosmicra, 263. 
Spilosmylus, 175, 193. 
epiphanes, 193. 
oberthurinus, 193. 
spinicirrus, Microcotyle, 21. 
spinosa, Synagrops, 416, 417, 421. 
spinosus, Argulus megalops var., 168, 
492. 
Chilomycterus, 498. 


612 


spinuloides, Adoneta, 282, 352. 

Spinus pinus pinus, 566. 
tristis tristis, 566. 

Spiza americana, 566. 

Spizella passerina arizonae, 571. 
passerina passerina, 571. 
pusilla arenacea, 571. 
pusilla pusilla, 571. 

spurius, Icterus, 564. 

squamosa, Lepas pectinata, 230. 

stahli, Monosira, 410. 

Starling, 554. 

Steganoderma, 47. 
formosum, 47. 

Stegopoma, 577. 
fastigiata, 577, 580. 

Sen ee rufipennis serripennis, 
4 


Stellaris, Cistothorus, 550. 
stellatus, Apogonichthys, 410. 
Stenocollum, 166. 

fragile, 166. 

Stenopsyche, 174, 203. 
cinerea, 206. 
grahami, 203. 204, 205, 206. 
laminata, 204, 205, 206. 
martynovi, 203, 204. 
moselyi, 204, 205, 206. 
navasi, 203, 204, 205. 
pjasetzkyi, 204, 206. 
stotzneri, 203, 204, 205. 
tibetana, 206. 

stenotomi, Microcotyle, 19. 

Stenotomus chrysops, 20, 76, 85, 120, 

135. 

Stephanidae, 524. 

Stephanophiolinae, 101. 

Stephanostomum, 51. 
dentatum, 51, 58. 
filiforme, 53. 
sp. 58, 59. 
tenue, 55 63. 
tenuis, 51. 
valde-inflatum, 57. 

Steringophoridae, 39. 

Steringophorinae, 39. 

Steringophorus, 39. 
cluthensis, 41. 
fureiger, 39. 

Sterrhurus, 129. 
monticellii, 106, 129. 
sp. 132. 

Sterrhurinae, 129. 

Stichocotyle, 37. 
nephropis, 37. 

Stilbula, 432, 434, 435, 436. 
cyniformis, 435, 436. 
eynipiformis, 435. 
floridana, 485, 436. 
manipurensis, 436. 
polyrachicida, 435. 
septentrionalis, 435. 
tenuicornis, 434, 436. 

Stizostedion vitreum, 159, 480. 

stizostethii, Argulus, 467, 468, 469, 475, 

479, 480 (fig.), 482. 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM 


VOL, 88 


stotzneri, Stenopsyche, 203, 204, 205. 
Stramineipes, Orasema, 436, 488, 446. 
Stratiomylidae, 256, 259, 354. 
striata, Amia, 412. 
Dendroica, 559. 
striatus, Centropristes, 133. 
striatus, Cestocrinus, 221, 223. 
Strigeidae, 158. 
Strigidae, 537. 
Strix varia varia, 5387. 
Strongylura marina, 3, 23, 30, 31, 68, 74. 
notata, 518. 
Strymon cecrops, 262, 268, 352. 
melinus, 263, 352. 
sturio, Acipenser, 50. 
Sturnella magna argutula, 563. 
magna magna, 562. 
Sturnidae, 554. 
Sturnus vulgaris vulgaris, 554. 
Stylosanthus, 442. 
subfuseus, Limnephilus, 211. 
subis, Progne subis, 544. 
subobsoleta, Smicra, 323. 
Spilochalcis, 266, 267 (fig.), 288, 289 
(fig.), 308, 309, 320, 328, 326. 
subpunctata, Smicra, 298. 
Smiera, 297, 300. 
sucetta, Erimyzon, 508. 
EHrimyzon sucetta, 486. 
sulcata, Phasgonophora, 351. 
surinamensis, Lobotes, 30, 116, 136. 
Swallow, bank, 543. 
Swift, chimney, 537. 
Sylviidae, 553. 
Sympherobius, 182. 
Synagrops, 406, 414, 415 (fig.), 416, 419, 
420, 421. 
argyrea, 416, 419, 421. 
bella, 414, 417, 421. 
grossidens, 417, 419, 421. 
japonica, 414, 417, 421, 422. 
malayanus, 419. 
microlepis, 403, 417, 419, 421. 
natalensis, 422. 
philippinensis, 416, 419, 421. 
pseudomicrolepis, 417, 420, 421. 
serratospinosa. 414, 416, 417, 421. 
spinosa, 416, 417, 421. 
Synodus foetens, 62, 68, 120, 187, 138. 
Syrictes fuscus, 76. 
Syrphidae, 297, 354. 
syrphidis, Spilochalcis, 240, 295, 296, 297. 
szechuanensis, Pseudostenophylax, 214. 
Szechwan, China, neuropteroid insects 
from, 173. 
Taeniotoca lateralis, 489. 
Tanager, Searlet, 564. 
summer, 565. 
tanais, Spilochalcis 266, 267 (fig.), 270, 
271 (fig.), 308, 309, 353. 
taoi, Kamimuria, 175. 
tau, Opsanus, 55, 57, 76, 188, 167, 496, 
497. 
Tautoga onitis, 21, 46, 65, 76, 97, 155. 
Tautogolabrus adspersus, 76, 88, 120, 
looms 


telarius, Mesoleius, 366. 
Phytodietus, 366. 
Telea polyphemus, 306, 352. 
Telescopias, 406, 422. 
gilberti, 414, 415 (fig.), 422. 
telescopium, Pomatomus, 409. 
telescopius, Hpigonus, 414. 
Telescops, 409. 


Telmatodytes palustris dissaéptus, 550. 


palustris iliacus, 549. 
palustris palustris, 549. 

tensa, Himasthla, 61. 

tenue, Distomum, 55. 
Stephanostomum, 55, 63. 

tenuicornis, Halesinus, 215, 219. 
Schizaspidia, 434. 
Stilbula, 434, 486. 

tenuis, Stephanostomum, 51. 
Urophycis, 76, 120, 126, 129. 

tenuissime, Distoma tenue, 55. 

Tergestia, 43. 
pectinata, 43. 

terissinus, Balmes, 186. 

terminalis, Kapala, 481. 

Tetracotyle, 158. 
communis, 158. 

Tetranarce occidentalis, 4. 

Tetraonchinae, 3. 

Tetraonidae, 535. 

Tetrasmicra, 264, 282. 

terana, Orasema, 437. 

texanus, Colinus virginianus, 535. 
Dirhinus, 246, 247 (fig.). 

Thecla sp., 263, 352. 

Theledera pectinata, 43. 

Thrasher, eastern brown, 550. 

Thraupidae, 564. 

Thrush, eastern hermit, 551. 
eastern olive-backed, 551. 
gray-checked, 552. 
western olive-backed, 551. 
willow, 552. 
wood, 551. 


Thryomanes bewickii bewickii, 549. 
Thryothorus ludovicianus ludovicianus, 


549. 
thuiella, Argyresthia, 338, 353. 


Thunnus secundodorsalis, 112, 158. 


thynnus, 110, 111. 


thurberiella, Bucculatrix, 358, 353. 


thynni, Hexostoma, nS: 
Koellikeria 

thynnus, Thunnus, 110, 111. 

Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis, 

340, 852. 

tibetana, Eubasillissa, 210. 
Rhyacophila, 197. 
Stenopsyche, 206. 

tienmushanensis, Kamimuria, 176. 

tingwashanensis, Neoperla, 178. 

Titmouse, tufted, 547. 

Tmetocera ocellana, 341, 358. 

Tocotrema lingua, 155. 

togata, Bonasa umbellus, 580. 


(Didymozoon), 153. 
306, 


INDEX 


613 


Togoperla, 174, 176. 
bifoveolata, 176. 
grahami, 176. 
limbata, 176. 
perpicta, 176. 
valvulata, 176. 
tolteca, Orasema, 437, 444. 
tomeod, Microgadus, 65, 68, 103, 126, 
157, 482, 493, 496. 
tornatum, Distomum, 187, 141. 
tornatus, Dinurus, 141. 
torresiensis, Apogon hyalosoma vyar., 
410. 
Tortricidae, 341, 353. 
torvina, Smicra, 336. 
Spilochalecis, 336, 338. 
tourina, Smicra, 837. 
Towhee, red-eyed, 566. 
Toxostoma rufum rufum, 5950. 
Trachinotus faleatus, 76. 
Trachurops crumenophthalma, 
76, 98, 112, 180, 142. 
transitiva, Smicra, 274, 275. 
Smiera, 274. 
Spilochalcis 252, 253 (fig.), 264, 265, 
274, 278, 288, 289 (fig.), 352. 
Trematodes from fishes from Woods 
Hole region, Mass., 1. 
triacanthus, Poronotus, 18, 76, 85, 133, 
148, 149, 157. 
Trichiurus lepturus, 25, 85, 105, 107, 112, 
130. 
Trichophylax, 217, 218. 
Trichopodus sp., 480. 
tridentata, Covillea, 527. 
trilineata, Lema, 348, 354. 
trilineatus, Argulus, 468, 494. 
Tringa solitaria solitaria, 536. 
trinidadensis, Spilochaleis, 304, 305, 306. 
Trismicra, 264. 
tristis, Spinus tristis, 566. 
tristoechus, Atractosteus, 517. 
Tristoma, 6. 
coecineum, 8. 
laeve, 10. 
papillosum, 6, 8. 
Tristomum coccineum, 6. 
molae, 9. 
rudolphianum, 9. 
Trochilidae, 538. 
troglodytes, Spilomena, 523, 525. 
Troglodytes aédon baldwini, 548. 
aédon parkmanii, 548. 
Troglodytidae, 548. 
Tromatobia, 363. 
lateralis, 363. 
Trowbridge, Harry M.; see Wedel and 
Trowbridge. 581. 
trullaforme, Lepocreadium, 88. 
truncata, Lebouria, 62, 63. 
truncatus, Apotemnus, 360, 861 (fig.). 
Tryphoninae, 524. 
Tryphonini, 524. 
tschawytscha, Oncorhynchus, 
119. 


31, 68, 


15, 118, 


614 


tubifer, Siphamia, 408. 

Tumeochrysa, 187. 

turbata, Oecetis, 220. 

Turdidae, 550. 

Turdus migratorius achrusterus, 551. 
migratorius migratorius, 550. 
minimus, 552. 

Tylopyge, 176. 
klapaleki, 176. 

Tylosurus marinus, 1387. 

typica, Mitella, 234. 

Tyrannidae, 42. . 

tyrannus, Brevoortia, 120, 168. 

Tyrannus tyrannus tyrannrus, 542. 

Udeopsylla, 202. 

Udontellidae, 5. 

Umbra limi, 505. 

unicolor, Apogon, 411. 

unimaculatus, Archosargus, 518. 

uninotata, Amia, 412. 

unipuncius, Polymorphanisus, 206. 

Urophycis chuss, 68, 98, 124, 126, 129. 
regius, 76. 
tenuis, 76, 120, 126, 129. 

ussuriensis, Halesinus, 218. 

vaiulae, Foa, 411. 

valde-inflatum, Distomum, 57. 
Stephanostomum, 57. 

valvatum, Glossosoma, 203. 

valvulata, Togoperla, 176. 

vanderbilti, Acanthapogon. 413. 

varia, Mniotilta, 556. 

Strix varia, 537. 

varians, Argulus, 460, 468, 492. 

varians, Gargorchis, 168. 

varicus, Derogenes, 116. 

varius, Sphyrapicus varius. 540. 

Veery, 552. 

veliporum, Distomum, 107. 
Otodistomum, 107, 109. 

velox, Accipiter striatus, 534. 

Vermivora peregrina, 556. 
ruficapilla ruficapilla, 556. 

vermivorus, Helmitheros, 556. 

vernalis, Clupea, 482. 

versicolor, Amia, 408. 

Argulus, 466, 478, 505, 506 (fig.), 507, 
508. 

Meteorus, 338, 354, 

Quiscalus, 564. 

vertebrata, Odontomyia, 259, 354. 

Vespa femorata, 297. 

vetula, Balistes, 42. 

vibex, Distomum, 40. 

Lintonium, 40. 

villosus, Dryobates villosus, 540. 

vinaledwardsii, Monostomum, 167. 
Siphodera, 167. 

? Vineentia, 410. 
waterhousei, 410. 

violacea, Orasema, 488, 445. 

violaceus, Argulus, 477, 500, 501 (fig.). 

virens, Dendroica virens, 557. 
Icteria virens, 560. 
Myiochanes, 543. 


PROCEEDINGS OF 


THE NATIONAL MUSEUM 


VoL, 88 


virens, Pollachius, 68, 93, 120, 124, 126.. 
Smicra, 284, 286. 
Spilochalcis, 284, 285, 

Vireo, blue-headed, 555. 
mountain, 555. 
red-eyed, 555. 
white-eyed, 554. 
yellow-throated, 555. 

Vireo flavifrons, 555. 
griseus griseus, 554. 
griseus maynardi, 555. 
olivaceus, 555. 
solitarius alticola, 555. 
solitarius solitarius, 5565. 

Vireonidae, 554. 

virescens, Butorides virescens, 533. 
Empidonax, 543. 

virginiana, Prunus, 395. 

virginianus, Colinus virginianus, 535. 

virgula, Ectenurus, 142. 

viridis, Argulus, 468. 

Orasema, 439, 451, 452, 454, 456, 457_ 
viteana, Polychrosis, 340, 353. 
vitellosum, Distomum, 67, 74, 75, 83. 
vitellosus, Cymbephallus, 62, 75. 
vitreum, Stizostedion, 159, 480. 
vitripennis, Marthamea, 177. 
vittata, Chrysopa, 187. 

Smicra, 3801, 303. 

Spilochalecis, 301. 
vivipara, Distoma, 45. 
Viviparus, Zoogonoides, 45. 
vociferus, Antrostomus vociferus, 587. 

Oxyechus vociferus, 536. 
volitans, Exocoetus, 167. 
vulgaris, Sturnus vulgaris, 554. 
Vulture, black, 533. 

eastern turkey, 533. 
waikiki, Apogonichthys, 411. 
Warbler, bay-breasted, 559. 

black and white, 556. 

Blackburnian, 558. 

black-poll, 559. 

black-throated blue, 557. 

black-throated green, 557. 

Cairn’s, 557. 

Canada, 561. 

cerulean, 558. 

chestnut-sided, 558. 

eastern yellow, 557. 

hooded, 561. 

Kentucky, 560. 

myrtle, 557. 

Nashville, 556. 

northern parula, 557. 

northern pine, 559. 

northern prairie, 559. 

prothonotary, 556. 

sycamore, 558. 

Tennessee, 556. 

western palm, 559. 

Wilson’s, 561. 

worm-eating. 556. 

vellow-throated, 558. 


INDEX 


wardi, Ardea herodias, 532. 
Wasmannia auropunctata, 447. 
waterhousei, Vincentia, 410. 
Water-thrush, Grinnell’s, 560. 
Louisiana, 560. 
northern, 559. 

Waxwing, cedar, 553. 

Wedel, Waldo R., and Trowbridge, 
Harry M., on a prehistoric roulette 
from Wyandotte County, Kansas, 581. 

wedlei, Didymocystis, 153. 

Wedlia, 153. 
bipartita, 153. 
xiphiados, 154. 

Wetmore, Alexander, 
Kentucky, 529. 

wheeleri, Orasema, 439, 452, 453, 455, 
456. 

Whip-poor-will, eastern, 537. 

Willet, western, 5386. 

Wilsonia canadensis, 561. 

citrina, 561. 
pusilla pusilla, 561. 

Woodcock, American, 586. 

woodi, Adenapogon (Scopelapogon), 408. 

Woodpecker, eastern hairy, 540. 
eastern red-headed, 540. 

Nelson’s downy, 542. 
northern downy, 541. 
red-bellied, 539. 
southern pileated, 539. 

Woods Hole region, Mass., trematodes 
from fishes, 1. 

Wren, Bewick’s, 549. 

Carolina, 549. 
eastern winter, 549. 
long-billed marsh, 549. 


on the birds of 


Wren, Ohio house, SAS, 
prairie marsh, 549. 
short-billed marsh, 550. 
western house, 548. 
Wyandotte County, Kans., prehistoric 
roulette from, 581. 
zantha, Spilochalcis, 308, 320. 
xanthodes, Protohermes, 181. 
Xanthomelanus, 242, 243. 
xanthostigma, Spilochalcis, 246, 247 
(fig.), 264, 277 (fig.), 307, 308, 329 
(hie) sol 
xanthurus, Leiostomus, 76, 97. 
Xenodistomum melanocystis, 107. 
Xiphiados, Koellikeria, 154. 
Wedlia, 154. 
Xiphias gladius, 7, 8, 10, 110, 111, 112, 
154. 
Xystramia, 409. 
Yarica, 410. 
Yellow-throat, northern, 560. 
yiui, Acroneuria, 175. 
Yponomeutidae, 338, 341, 353. 
Zelleria haimbachi, 341, 353. 
Zenaidura macroura carolinensis, 536. 
zonata, Seriola, 112, 120, 121, 152. 
zonatus, Cheilodipterus, 408. 
Desmoamia, 414, 415 (fig.). 
Phytodietus, 366. 
Zonotrichia albicollis, 572. 
leucophrys leucophrys, 572. 
Zoogonidae, 44. 
Zoogoninae, 45. 
Zoogonoides, 45. 
laevis, 45. 
viviparus, 45. 
Zoramia, 410. 


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